125

Conjugacy
different left cosets of C(a) in
Therefore, the number of different
values offis the number of
G and by definition, that is the index [G: C(a)
C(a)]
Since fis surjective, we concludethat |K|= [G:
Now, prove Theorem 6.8
we can
which
the index [G: C(a)).
Proof: By Theorein 6.9, the order ofthe conjugacy class ofa is
divides G
Example 18.1 [Conjugate ofeach element in symmetric group S,]
3.
Find all conjugates of each element of the symmetric group S, of degree
to itself.
Solution: S, is the set of all one-to-one functions from {1, 2,3}
elements. The six elements are
S. under function composition, is a group with six

3- -
and ag-
2 3

Writing in cycle notations, S,

=
{e, (12), (13), (23), (123), (132)},
where (12)= aß. (13)= aB, (23) = B. (123) =a, (132) = a

such that y axal =

r'xa....(1)
By definition, y is conjugate tox, if there exists a e G
=
or y

(i) Putting x & in (1), we get conjugate of &as & i.e., E~

= E.

Similarly, all other elements of S, are conjugate to themselves.

(ii) We have (13)-" (12) (13) (31) (1 23) (3 1) (312)
= =

(31) (31) (32) (32) (23)

= =
=

Hence, (23) -(12)

Also, (23)'(12) (23) =(32) (12) (23) = (32) (123)

= (32) (321)
=
(32) (32) (31)
=(31)= (13)
Hence, (13)- (12).
Also. (123)" (12) (123) - (321) (12) (12) (13)
=
(32) (31) (13) =

(23) (31) (31) =

(23
So, (23)-(12).
Also, (132)(12) (132) = (231) (12) (132)

-
(231) (12) (13) (12)
=
(231) (123) (12)
= (12)