GroupGroup Theory-

2.12 Proposition
c o m m u t a t o r subgroup G'.
Let G be a group with
factor group G/G' is abelian.
G' is normal in G and the
(a) The subgroup
normal subgroup of G then the factor group
G/N is abelian if and only if G' CN.
b) IfN is any clement of G
only if G' {e), e being the identity
=

(c) G is abelian ifand e G

Proof:(a) Letx e G' and let g

gr gl=(gxg)rlx=(gxglxr') x
e G'.
Then
8,xEG®gxg'r"eC. Also xEG'|

Hennce G is a normal subgroup of G

Now to prove that
is abelian.G/G bG' the two elements of G/G'.
elements of G Then, the cosets aG' and
are
Let a, b be any two
=aba'bG=G. ababeG|
Now, a G' b Ga' G ' b G
aG'bG =bG'aG'
G / G ' is abelian.

Alternatively: a G' bG'

=
ab G' and b GaG =ba G'.
Now (ar)(b) (ar')' (b-1) =a'b'ab e G'.
b-l ab =
ab.
So, b G' contains the element baarl
a
element ab.
But abG' contains the
Hence abG' = baG'

(aG)(bG) = (bG)(aGG)

Hence G/G' is abelian.

(b) Let N be a normal subgroup of G be abelian.

image of G/G' and
must
If N2G', then G/N is a homomorphic
suppose G/N
is abelian.
Conversely,
have (aN) (6N)
=
(bN) (aN)
Then for all a, b e G we

ab N ba N -

N.
ab =ban, wheren e
l
we have,
and then by ar
Multiplying on the left by b
a ' b l ab =n

ab e N
a'bl toN.
Thus every commutator of G belongs
So, G' e N.
Then to prove that G'= {e}.
(C) Suppose G is abelian.
b e G we have
IfG is abelian, then for all a,
a e arl =aal
=e
ab arl b-l ab b-' ar'
=
=