PARAGRAPH A:

1- The topic for the given paragraph can be, “Eco-efficient companies- A blessing or a

threat? “

2- The stated main idea of the paragraph is, “Peter Senge and Goran Carstedt see this

development as laudable but suggest that simply adopting ecoefficiency innovations

could actually worsen environmental stresses in future.”

3- Two supporting sentences for the main idea are:

 Ecoefficiency can decrease production waste but does not reduce the amount of

products produced nor the waste that is generated from using or disposing those

products, indeed, many firms invest in eco-efficient strategies to make profits.

 It is not guaranteed that the increase in economic growth by eco-efficiency will

benefit the environment as higher profits can be re-invested in “old-style eco-

efficient industries.”

PARAGRAPH B:

1- The topic for the given paragraph can be, “Citizen rights and the US Constitution “

2- The implied main idea of the paragraph is that although the educated US population in

18th century fully knew the importance of citizenship rights, the amendment they

proposed in the constitution was not of great help as it proposed a vague idea of what the

people expected from the constitution and hindered the creation of new rights.

3- Two supporting sentences for the main idea are:

  Constitutional traditionalists would argue that the rights in question in the ninth

amendment were a “misconceived notion” as the amendment fails to create rights that

could be enforced federally.

 The amendment only protects the rights that the people already possess, either stated

explicitly in the constitution or implicitly present in US tradition.

PARAGRAPH C:

1- The topic for the given paragraph can be, “Puppy Farming and problems caused by it”

2- The stated main idea of the paragraph is, “Puppies born at a puppy farm are more likely

to have behavioral issues, infections, inherited diseases or may have a shorter life-span.”

3- Two supporting sentences for the main idea are:

 Trips to the vet for puppy-farmed dogs will be more than that for other kinds of

puppies,

 Dogs at shelter homes are inexpensive than puppy-farmed dogs and most shelters pay

for long-term vet visits.

PARAGRAPH D:

1- The topic for the given paragraph can be, “Textbook Biases and their Impact on Young

Minds.”

2- The implied main idea for the paragraph is that textbooks are mostly biased according to

the context in which they are written and biases have far-reaching consequences as they

significantly impact the minds of young children and mold their perspectives.
 3- Two supporting sentences for the main idea are:

 Even though textbooks account for the native American culture, they do it from

an “ethnocentric” perspective influenced by Europe, without realizing that other

perspective should also be taken into account.

 Studies have found that children’s attitude towards specific cultures are highly

impacted by the textbooks that they use in schools.

QUESTION 2:

A- Environmental Changes:

Although some might argue that environmental changes are inevitable as they naturally

occur naturally after several million years, human interferences such as burning fossil

fuels, using appliances that emit harmful gases and polluting water bodies have caused

the environmental condition to deteriorate at a faster rate.

B- Violation of Traffic Rules:

Although there is a well-defined set of traffic rules present in most countries, the

prevailing violation of traffic rules in most places can be attributed to the increasing

impatience among drivers and pedestrians, lack of awareness regarding importance of

these rules and the absence of proper mechanisms for the implementation of traffic rules.

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