TO ALPHASTUDE#5

LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22

A manufacturer creates GMOs by introducing genetic material, or DNA, from a different organism
through a process called genetic engineering. Most currently available GMO foods are plants, such
as fruit and vegetables. All foods from genetically engineered plants on sale in the United States are
regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). They must meet the same safety
requirements as traditional foods.

There is some controversy over the benefits and risks of GMO (Genetically Modified Organism)
foods. There are some discussions of the pros and cons of GMO crops by taking into account their
potential effects on human health and the environment. Manufacturers use genetic modification to
give foods desirable traits. For example, they have designed two new varieties of apple that turn less
brown when cut or bruised.

The reasoning usually involves making crops more resistant to diseases as they grow. Manufacturers,
also engineers, produce foods to be more nutritious or tolerant of herbicides. Crop protection is the
main rationale behind this type of genetic modification. Plants that are more resistant to diseases
spread by insects or viruses result in higher yields for farmers and a more attractive product.
Genetically modification can also increase the nutritional value or enhance flavor. All of these factors
contribute to lower costs for the consumer. They can also ensure that more people have access to
quality food.

Source: medicalnewstoday.com

1. What is the author's tone of the passage above?

A. Happy
B. Informative
C. Questioned
D. Persuasive
E. Contradictive

2. What is the best tittle for the passage?

A. Genetically Modified Organism

B. Flavourful Food
C. Controversy Around Modified Crops
D. Manufactured Genetic Engineering
E. Food and Its Safety

3. What is the main idea of paragraph 2?

A. GMO foods contains extra nutritions compared to non-GMO foods.

B. Many believe that GMO could lead to cancer.
C. People tends to buy fresh fruits even it is cheap.
D. Controversy over the benefits and risks of GMO.
E. Example of GMO.

4. How genetic food can be able to sell on market in United States?

TO ALPHASTUDE#5
LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22

A. They must sign in to government office.

B. They must meet regulated standart.
C. The farmer took it on the fridge for 24 hours earlier.
D. The food should be sold online.
E. The crops should be fresh and pesticides.

Market prices may move up and down (or remain the same) in response to a host of factors causing
shifts in supply (the whole supply curve) or demand (the whole demand curve) or both together.

Bad weather makes prices go up - not just the prices of agricultural products, but of a great many
other goods ranging from steel to nightgowns because of interruptions of production, breakdown in
transportation, power failures, etc.

Changes in technology cause shifts in supply curves; a more efficient way of making transistors
brings down the prices of calculators, computers, radios, television sets, record players, and
recorders. Increases in the scale of production, as we have seen, often bring down certain product
prices.

Shrinking oil and mineral reserves contract

supply, and prices move up. "Diseconomies"

resulting from shrinking scales of production, as when the market for handmade pocketbooks,
horsedrawn carriages, grandfather clocks, custom tailoring, and handmade furniture contracts, push
up the price of such products not only absolutely, but relatively far above what they were in the old
days, when skilled labor was cheaper and more abundant.

5. With which of the following topics is the author primarily concerned?

A. The effects of shifts in supply and demand on market prices.

B. The relation between market prices and technological change.
C. The influences of climate on the economy.
D. The abundance of handmade products.
E. The increasing cost of skilled labor.

6. The word "breakdown" in line 4 is similar in meaning to.....

A. Piece
B. Disturbance
C. Illness
D. Part
E. Failure

7. In line 4, why the author use the phrase "from steel to nightgowns" when dicussing adverse
effects on production?
TO ALPHASTUDE#5
LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22

A. To support the argument that cities suffer more than aggricultural areas.
B. To indicate that a wide variety of goods are affected.
C. To describe the two products that suffer the most.
D. To state that these two commodities are important
E. To show how increased prices for agricultural products affect other prices..

Passage 1

People still collect books as valuable antiques or for a hobby, but you get virtually all the information
you need from the viewscreen of your home computer system. The computer is linked to a library -
not a library of books but an electronic library where information on every subject is stored in
computer memory banks.

Having this service at your fingertips is like having a huge brand-new encyclopedia in your home at
all times. The computer can tell you anything you want to know, and the information is always the
very latest available. There need be only one central library to which computers in homes, offices,
schools and colleges are connected. At the library experts are constantly busy, feeding in the very
latest information as they receive it. In theory, one huge electronic library could serve the whole
world!

Passage 2

E-books have not spelled the demise of the local library in New York. In fact, according to a new
report from the Center for an Urban Future, 40.5 million people visited the city's public libraries,
more than all of the city's professional sports teams and major cultural institutions combined.

The report "Branches of Opportunity," looks at the changing role of the city's libraries in the digital
age. It finds that while public libraries are serving more New Yorkers than ever, they are
"undervalued by policymakers and face growing threats." New York City's library system is a unique
hybrid. Three organizations - the New York Public Library, along with the Brooklyn and Queens
libraries operate 206 local branches throughout the five boroughs.

8. Which idea in Passage 2 is different from that in Passage 1?

A E-libraries require sophisticated IT Expertise.

B. Access to information in e-libraries is unlimited.
C. Collections of e-libraries are regularly updated.
D. E-libraries function as a huge information.
E. In reality most people are still e-library illiterate.

9. Which of the following statements is true according to both passages?

A. People would rather go to the library than watch sporting events.

B. People still dream of using libraries in spite of time and space.
C. Access to information in an e-library requires a good IT system.
D. Libraries provide quick access to free e- books and newspapers.
E. The role of library changes fast due to advanced IT technology.
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LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22

10. Based on the information in both passages, it can be hypothesized that......

A. Conventional libraries will continue despite of the threats.

B. Politics should be made to conserve common libraries.
C. Threats to book publishers becomes more.
D. Serious IT-based libraries will gain much popularity.
E. Unpopularity of ordinary libraries is obvious.

Sweetness is one of the most important taste sensations for humans and for many animal species as
well, Sweet compounds almost universally induce a positive and pleasant response in humans, and
this response, is often thought to be inborn. There is scarcely any area of food habits today that does
not in some ways involve the sweet taste. Sucrose, the chemical compound in sweeteners, is not
consumed only for its sweetness. It also has many functional properties in foods that make it useful
as a bulking agent, texture modifier, mouth-feel modifier, and preservative. Sucrose additionally
offers an important energy source for many food fermentations.

For nutritional and health reasons, there has been a growing desire in most Western countries to
utilize sweeteners other than sucrose. Consumers are urged to control their energy intake to avoid
obesity, and reducing fat consumption is usually recommended by reducing sugar intake, especially
carbohydrate- based sweeteners. This has led to growing pressure to develop artificial sweeteners.

The use of artificial sweeteners gives rise to a variety of problems in food technology due to some
basic differences between them and carbohydrate sweeteners. Nonnutritive sweeteners or artificial
sweeteners are usually not carbohydrate based and therefore have different chemical and physical
properties. Often nonnutritive sweeteners also have flavor characteristics that differ from those of
carbohydrate sweeteners and are intensely sweet compared to carbohydrate sweeteners. These
properties often influence the cost of food manufacturing because the resulting dietetic or special
dietary foods are expected to be as acceptable as those with carbohydrate sweeteners.

11. What is the writer's purpose in writing the passage?

A. To inform
B. To criticize
C. To entertain
D. To persuade
E. To convince

12. It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that.....

A. Artificial sweeteners share some similar compounds with nonnutritive sweeteners.

B. Food manufacturers have to produce artificial sweeteners for their product.
C. Producing dietary foods with artificial sweeteners may be more expensive.
D. Nonnutritive sweeteners are more favored by food manufacturers.
E. Artificial sweeteners cannot be used in dietary foods.

13. The tone of this passage is .....

TO ALPHASTUDE#5
LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22

A. Serious
B. Cynical
C. Objective
D. Humorous
E. Optimistic

Has winter no longer been just as cold as it used to be? Does it even matter to you? Think about this.
In Europe, the cold snap death toll rose to 71 from previously 53 in early 2012. Temperatures
dropped to minus 38 degrees Celcius in some affected cities, causing power outages and traffic
chaos. In Northern America, winters felt extremely cold. What sounds anomalous to layman is that
scientists indicate that global warming plays a role in this natural phenomenon.

Scientists from the University of Massachusettes and the University of Alaska Fairbanks discovered
that fatal heat waves in the Arctic (the North Pole) spanned from July to September 2011 and
extended until the fall. They helped melt the Arctic ice sheets that naturally reflected the Sunrays
upward. However, as they melted, there remained dark- colored sea waters that finally retained the
energy of the heat within them. It gradually led to warmth-build up atmosphere. across the Arctic

With ice sheets continual melting and atmospheric build-up combined, the Arctic contained more
humidities in the air and thus triggered heavier precipitations to the more southerly Eurasian
regions. (Europe and Asia). These precipitations, when falling in the cold air. transformed into
snowfalls.

Thicker snowfalls subsequently affected the Arctic Oscillation, an air pressure pattern of the
atmosphere in mid and higher altitudes, to remain in the negative phase. While in the negative
phase, the high-pressure air around the Arctic then pushed the atmospheric cold air to mild-altitude
regions with low-pressure air, such as Canada and the United States. That let temperatures drop
very drastically, leading to those extreme winters. Since lethal heat waves occurred during extreme
summers, they must then be found accountable for the emergence of extreme winters.

14. As stated in the text, the author has a purpose to..

A. Tell the readers that the European cold snap killed 71 people in Europe.
B. Inform about the loss of the Arctic ice sheets.
C. Prove that the role of global warming int causing extreme winters was diminutive.
D. Inform about the transformation of rainfalls into snow falls.
E. Show that extreme winter was triggered by huge depletion of the Arctic ice sheets.

15. Implied in the text that extreme winters will never occur if ....

A. Temperatures dropped to minus 38 degrees Celcius.

B. The dark-colored waters retain the heat energy from the sun rays within them.
C. The Arctic ice sheets remain intact.
D. Warmth builds up in the Arctic atmosphere.
E. The Arctic ice sheets keep melting.
TO ALPHASTUDE#5
LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22

16. It can be inferred from the text that....

A. Winters in both Canada and the United States feel mildly cold.
B. Lethal heat waves solidify the Arctic ice sheets.
C. Heats accumulate in the Arctic atmosphere.
D. Precipitations transform into rainfalls.
E. Power outrages and traffic chaos do not happen in Europe.

17. The author of the text mainly deals with the topic that...

A. Heat waves spanned from July to September until fall.

B. The Arctic seas had no ice sheets anymore.
C. Ice age would reappear.
D. Humidities triggered heavier precipitations.
E. Extreme summers had pivotal part in the emergence of extreme winter.

18. Which of the following best restates the topic of the fourth paragraph.....

A. The thicker snowfalls.

B. Extreme summer.
C. Extreme winter.
D. Arctic Oscillation.
E. Negative-phased Arctic Oscillation.

In another new study, researchers found high levels of mercury in the feathers of salt marsh
sparrows in the wetlands of North Cinder in New York's Long Island. Whereas loon accumulates
mercury by eating large fish, songbirds are poisoned by eating spiders and other bugs.

"You might think what difference it makes if a little bird is suffering from mercury poisoning,"
conservationist Timothy Tear of the Nature Conservancy in New York says. But matter it does, since
the effect of mercury on birds provides information about how the heavy metal affects the brain.
Researchers from the College of William and Mary studied song performance in four species of birds
along the South River in Virginia, an area that was contaminated by industrial mercury from 1829
until 1950. They found that wrens affected by mercury sang shorter songs with fewer notes.
Affected sparrows produced mating calls that had a lower tonal frequency and were less complex.

"Mercury is far more prevalent in our environment than anybody thought. All these decades, people
were out looking for mercury and missing this key group, the little songbirds out in the yard." Ever
says. "These birds have messages for us: Mercury is everywhere on Earth now, at levels that Mother
Nature never intended."

19. In presenting the ideas, the writer starts by describing.....

A. The eating pattern of birds affected by mercury poisoning.

B. The locations contaminated by mercury pollution.
C. The effects of mercury on animal's behavior.
D. The chain of mercury pollution among animals.
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LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22

E. The latest research findings on mercury contamination.

20. Based on the passage, it can be inferred that...

A. Mercury affects bird's frequency of mating.
B. Birds are examples of pollution indication organisms.
C. Birds can spot the location of fish contaminated by mercury.
D. Birds can give the most reliable information regarding mercury contamination.
E. Contaminated fish are only found in the industrialized countries.

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LITERASI BAHASA INGGRIS By:librapeople22