Externally Bonded FRP

Externally Bonded FRP

Composite System:

Consist of Primer, Epoxy Putty, 1st Resin Layer, (Saturant), Carbon Fiber, 2nd
Resin Layer, Protective Coating.
 Externally Bonded FRP

Primer – when applied to concrete, the surface is upgraded to give high tensile
bond strength to the system.
Putty – level uneven surfaces prior to application of FRP.
FRP – High strength-to-weight ratio and structural integrity is similar to
bonding steel plates to concrete surfaces.
Resin Coat (Saturant) – permit adhesion of FRP.
 Externally Bonded FRP

Advantages
- Increased strength in flexural, shear, confinement, ductility, seismic
resistance.
- Light weight (about 200g/m2), hence easy to install.
- High strength to weight ratio (typical design tensile strength = 3000 MPa)
- Durable
- Corrosion resistant
- Suitable for space-constraint areas
Externally Bonded FRP
 Externally Bonded FRP

Failure Modes of FRP Strengthened RC Beams

a)Compression Failure b) Rupture of FRP Strip c) Shear Failure
 Externally Bonded FRP

Failure Modes of FRP Strengthened RC Beams

d) Delamination of FRP Strip e) Concrete Cover Separation
 Externally Bonded FRP
Strengthening of RC Column by FRP by Confinement

Effect and Mechanism of Confinement

- Axial strength of a column is significantly increased through 2 mechanisms:
(1) The triaxial stress state of the concrete increases both the strength and ductility of the
concrete. The ultimate strength of concrete, increases in direct proportion to the
confinement pressure.
(2) The confinement prevents the longitudinal reinforcement from buckling.
 Externally Bonded FRP

Strengthening in Shear
 Externally Bonded FRP

Strengthening in Bending
 Externally Bonded FRP

Strengthening in Bending
 Externally Bonded FRP

Mechanically Fastened FRP

- Eliminate the need for time-consuming and specialized surface preparation of concrete
for externally bonded (EB) FRP application.
- The concrete surface need not be dry or moisture free.
- The EB-FRP systems typically require time (up to 7 days) to gain full strength.
- Bonded systems are susceptible to brittle failures of the strengthened members by strip
detachment.
- Mechanically fastened FRP often failed in bearing.
 Externally Bonded FRP

Mechanically Fastened FRP

 Externally Bonded FRP

Mechanically Fastened FRP

 Externally Bonded FRP

Near-surface Mounted FRP Reinforcement

 Externally Bonded FRP

Different Near-surface Mounted FRP Reinforcement

 Externally Bonded FRP
Horizontal and Vertical Grooves for FRP Reinforcement

New technique for strengthening of RC structures.

In NSM method, grooves are first cut into the concrete cover of an RC element and
FRP reinforcement is bonded with epoxy grout.
FRP reinforcement
- Resistance to corrosion
- Increased ease and speed of installation due to light weight.
 Externally Bonded FRP
Application of NSM FRP Reinforcement to Silos in Boston, USA

Advantages over Bonded FRP

- The amount of site installation work may be reduced as surface preparation other than
grooving is no longer required.
- NSM reinforcement is less prone to debonding from the concrete substrate.
- NSM reinforcement can be prestressed.
- NSM bars are protected by concrete cover.
Externally Bonded FRP

Primer application Completed installation

 Externally Bonded FRP

Insertion of NSM Bar Application Completed

 Externally Bonded FRP

Longitudinal Crack and Epoxy Injection

 Externally Bonded FRP

Flexural strengthening of concrete girders of a cement

manufacturing building in Poland using CFRP strips
 Externally Bonded FRP

Strengthening of a concrete deck of a building using CFRP strips on

the top and underside of the deck
 Externally Bonded FRP

Strengthening of a concrete deck of a building using CFRP strips on

the top and underside of the deck
 Externally Bonded FRP

Installation of prefabricated CFRP Lshaped plates (shear trengthening)

over already installed CFRP strips for flexural trengthening; Duttweiler
bridge ramp in Zurich, Switzerland
 Externally Bonded FRP

Placing of CFRP fabrics for shear strengthening of DK 81 bridge

above railway to Laziska power plant in Poland
 Externally Bonded FRP

Flexural strengthening of a concrete deck in the region of negative

bending moment using Near Surface Mounting Reinforcement (NSMR)
technique by cutting a slot in the concrete deck and placing the CFRP
into the slots; industry plant in Stuttgart, Germany
 Externally Bonded FRP

Application of CFRP fabrics on concrete columns for seismic retrofitting of

Reggio Emilia football stadium in Italy
 Externally Bonded FRP

Application of CFRP fabrics on concrete columns for seismic retrofitting of

Reggio Emilia football stadium in Italy
 Externally Bonded FRP

Seismic retrofitting of column-beam joints of Aigaleo football stadium in

Athens, Greece, using CFRP fabrics with steel anchorages
 Externally Bonded FRP

Carbon rods bonded into the space between the bricks as reinforcement,
Vercelli Castle, Italy
 Externally Bonded FRP

Seismic retrofitting of a masonry

shear wall using GFRP fabric and
additional FRP strips, which are
anchored in concrete using end
plates; school building Zollikofen
in Bern, Switzerland
 Externally Bonded FRP

Reducing deflections and strengthening of a sports hall roof in Thörl, Austria

by presstressed CFRP strips
Externally Bonded FRP

Detail on prestressing anchorage

 Externally Bonded FRP

Strengthening of a bridge box girder using prestressed CFRP strips with

steel end anchorage; Bakar bridge, Croatia
 Externally Bonded FRP

Rehabilitation of coupling joints of the

Neckar highway bridge in Heilbronn,
Germany using prestressed CFRP trips
with steel end plates
Externally Bonded FRP