Samaale

Samaale (var. Samali or Samale Somali:

Samaale, Beesha Samaale Arabic: ‫ﺑﻨﻮ ﺳﻤﺎل‬
‫ﺑﻨﻮ ﻋﺜﻤﺎن‬, ) also known as Father of
Hawiye and Dir (Somali: ), was a
progenitor who according to Somali
tradition is considered the oldest
common forefather of several major
Somali clans and their respective sub-
clans.[1] It constitutes the largest and
most widespread Somali lineage. Two of
the constituent Samaale sub-clans, the
Dir and Hawiye, are regarded as major
clans today.[2][3] Samaale traces his
ancestry from Horn of Africa and is
Indigenous Cushitic

History
According to many documented sources
and historians, the patriarch Samaale
arrived in Somalia from Yemen during the
9th century and subsequently founded
the eponymous Somali ethnic group.[1]
Shariif 'Aydaruus Shariif 'Ali's records in
his book Bughyat al-amaal fii taariikh as-
Soomaal that Samaale was Uthman the
son of Mahamed, a military leader
commanding an army sent from Egypt,
Suez to East Africa, Mogadishu to aid
and join the Muslims in their fight against
their enemies. They waged a war and
when Samaale heard the news of his
father passing away he migrated from
his homeland Yemen to East Africa and
made it his homeland marrying from the
locals. Thus Uthman (Samaale) came to
live in the area we know today as the
Somali peninsula and founded the
Samaale group.

The progenitor Samaale is generally

regarded as the source of the ethnonym
Somali. Other state the word Somali is
derived from the words soo and maal,
which together mean "go and milk"—a
reference to the ubiquitous pastoralism
of the Somali people. Another etymology
proposes that the term Somali is derived
from the Arabic for "wealthy" (zāwamāl),
again referring to Somali riches in
livestock.[1]

Shariif 'Aydaruus Shariif 'Ali mentions

that in relation to the name 'Samaale',
there were many notable people before
him known as 'Samaale' like Abu 'Samaal'
Al 'Adwi an Arab orator, poet and
descendant of Ali and 'Samaal Ibn 'Awf
the grandfather of Majashi' ibn Mas'ud
the Companion, also Sayaal ibn 'Samaal'
ibn Hareesh and Khalid ibn Abi Yazeed
ibn 'Samaal', both scholars of the Hadith
tradition."[4]
Many sources claim that Samaale traces
its geneological traditions to Arabian
Quraysh Banu Hashim origins through
Aqiil the son of Abu Talib ibn Abd al-
Muttalib, who was cousin of the Prophet
Muhammed.[5][6][7][8][9][10] According to
the British anthropologist and Somali
Studies veteran I.M. Lewis, the traditions
of descent from noble Arab families
related to the Prophet embraced by all
Somali clans are most probably figurative
expressions of the importance of Islam
in Somali society.[11][12]

The paternal genetics of ethnic Somalis

are inconsistent with a post-Islamic
common TMRCA (time to most recent
common ancestor) and with a post-
Islamic paternal Arabian origin for the
majority of the ethnicity.[13] The majority
of Somalis have an TMRCA between
4,000-2,000 years before present in the
Bronze Age.[13][14][15]

Genealogy
Most Somalis trace their origins to
Samaale:[1] Samaale in turn traces his to
the Meccan tribe of Quraysh via Hill, son
of Mohamed son of Abdurahman, son of'
Aqil, son of Abu Tâlib, son of 'Abd al
Muttalib, the grandfather of the
Prophet.[16]
The eponymous ancestor of majority of
Somalis today had 9 sons, which is
shown in the genealogical table below:

Abroone
Hiil

****Samaale

1. Gardhere:Gar
re, Degoodi,
Geeljecel
Massare and
'Awrmale[17][18]
2. Irir:
Dir
(Gadabu
ursi,
Isaaq,
Issa,
Bimal,
Gurgura,
Surre,
Bursuk
etc.).
Hawiye
(Habar
Gidir,
Abgaal,
Udeejee
n,
Mursade
,
Gugundh
abe).[2][3]
 3. Mayle:
Hawadle[17][18]
4. Maqarre:
Dabarre and
Irrole[19]
5. Yahabur:
Hubeer[19]
6. Gariife[19]
7. Hammarre"H
armalle":[19]
Ajuran
8. Harire[19]
9. Karur

Although Quranyow is part of the Garre

confederacy, the sub-clan actually claims
descent from Dir, son of Irir, son of
Samaale.[20][21] This example does
indeed strengthen the Somali saying: "Tol
waa tolane", which means "clan is
something joined together"[20][21] The
same could be said about Gaaljecel,
Degodi and Hawadle who have allied
themselves to the Hawiye section of Irir
in the borders of Somalia,[22][23] the
Dabarre and Irrole of Maqarre and the
Garre who have allied themselves to the
Digil Rahanweyn confederacy and
'Awrmale to the Harti Darood
section.[18][19][24]

The Rahanweyn (Digil and Mirifle) clan

traces descent from a separate patriarch
called Sab. Both Samaale and Sab are
said to have descended from a forefather
named "Hiil", whose is held to be the
common patrilineal ancestor of all the
Somali clans.[1][25]

See also
Demographics of Somalia

References
1. Lewis, I. M.; Said Samatar (1999). A
Pastoral Democracy: A Study of
Pastoralism and Politics Among the
Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa .
LIT Verlag Berlin-Hamburg-Münster.
pp. 11–13. ISBN 3-8258-3084-5.
2. Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1995). The Invention
of Somalia . Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red
Sea Press Inc. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-
932415-98-1.
3. Lewis, Ioan. M. (1994). Blood and Bone:
The Call of Kinship in Somali Society .
Lawrenceville, NJ: The Red Sea Press Inc.
pp. 104 . ISBN 978-0-932415-92-9.
4. Ali, Sharif Aydarus (1955). Bughya Al-
Amal fi Tarikh as-Sumaal. Mogadishu.
5. Lewis, I. M. (1999-01-01). A Pastoral
Democracy: A Study of Pastoralism and
Politics Among the Northern Somali of
the Horn of Africa . James Currey
Publishers. p. 12. ISBN 9780852552803.
6. Ahmed, Akbar (2013-02-27). The Thistle
and the Drone: How America's War on
Terror Became a Global War on Tribal
Islam . Brookings Institution Press.
ISBN 9780815723790.
7. Mukhtar, Mohamed Haji (2003-02-25).
Historical Dictionary of Somalia .
Scarecrow Press. ISBN 9780810866041.
8. Ng'ang'a, Wangũhũ (2006). Kenya's ethnic
communities: foundation of the nation .
Gatũndũ Publishers.
ISBN 9789966975706.
9. Noyoo, Ndangwa (2010-01-30). Social
Policy and Human Development in
Zambia . Adonis & Abbey Publishers Ltd.
ISBN 9781912234936.
10. Lewis, I. M.; Samatar, Said S. (1999). A
Pastoral Democracy: A Study of
Pastoralism and Politics Among the
Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa .
LIT Verlag Münster.
ISBN 9783825830847.
11. I.M. Lewis, A pastoral democracy: a study
of pastoralism and politics among the
Northern Somali of the Horn of Africa,
(LIT Verlag Münster: 1999), pp.128-129
12. Lewis, Ioan. M. (1994). Blood and Bone:
The Call of Kinship in Somali Society .
Larwenceville, NJ: The Red Sea Press Inc.
pp. 104 –105. ISBN 9780932415936.
Retrieved 23 September 2015.
13. Sanchez, Juan J; Hallenberg, Charlotte;
Børsting, Claus; Hernandez, Alexis;
Morling, Niels (2005-03-09). "High
frequencies of Y chromosome lineages
characterized by E3b1, DYS19-11,
DYS392-12 in Somali males" . European
Journal of Human Genetics. 13 (7): 856–
866. doi:10.1038/sj.ejhg.5201390 .
ISSN 1018-4813 . PMID 15756297 .
14. "E-Y18629 YTree" . www.yfull.com.
Retrieved 2019-09-09.
15. "T-Y45591 YTree" . www.yfull.com.
Retrieved 2019-08-26.
16. Bader, Christian (2000). Mythes et
légendes de la Corne de l'Afrique (in
French). Karthala. ISBN 978-2-84586-069-
8. "Les Samaale disent ainsi descendre
de la tribu mecquoise de Quraysh par l '
intermédiaire de Hill , fils de Mohamed ,
fils de Mohamed ' Abdurahman , fils de '
Aqil , fils de Abu Tâlib , fils de ' Abd al
Muttalib , le grand - père du Prophète"
17. Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1995-01-01). The
Invention of Somalia . The Red Sea
Press. p. 131. ISBN 9780932415998.
18. Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1995-01-01). The
Invention of Somalia . The Red Sea
Press. p. 122. ISBN 9780932415998.
19. Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1995-01-01). The
Invention of Somalia . The Red Sea
Press. p. 130. ISBN 9780932415998.
20. Hayward, R. J.; Lewis, I. M. (2005-08-17).
Voice and Power . Routledge. p. 242.
ISBN 9781135751753.
21. The Quranyo section of the Garre claim
descent from Dirr, who are born of the
Irrir Samal. UNDP Paper in Kenya
http://www.undp.org/content/dam/kenya
/docs/Amani%20Papers/AP_Volume1_n2
_May2010.pdf
22. Adam, Hussein Mohamed; Ford, Richard
(1997-01-01). Mending rips in the sky:
options for Somali communities in the
21st century . Red Sea Press. p. 127.
ISBN 9781569020739.
23. Ahmed, Ali Jimale (1995-01-01). The
Invention of Somalia . The Red Sea
Press. p. 121. ISBN 9780932415998.
 24. Dabarre and Iroole Digil (Rahanweyn)
groups in southern
Somalia.http://dice.missouri.edu/docs/af
ro-asiatic/Dabarre.pdf
25. Adam, Hussein Mohamed (1997).
Mending rips in the sky: options for
Somali communities in the 21st century .
Red Sea Press. ISBN 9781569020739.
Retrieved 9 August 2016.

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