Abstracts / Sleep Medicine 64 (2019) S1eS359
Memory
THE EFFECT OF NOCTURNAL SLEEP MANIPULATIONS ON THE
ACCESSIBILITY AND FIDELITY OF NEWLY-ACQUIRED MEMORIES:
SELECTIVE REM SLEEP DEPRIVATION
K. MacDonald, K. Cote. Psychology, Brock University, St Catharines, Canada
Introduction: Retrieval of newly-acquired memories can benefit from
post-learning sleep, and both non-REM and REM sleep may contribute to
this effect. Previous work suggests non-REM sleep primarily promotes the
accessibility of newly-formed representations, thus increasing the likeli-
hood of their retrieval, while having little impact on the precision of
retrieval. We examined the hypothesis that REM sleep maintains the fi-
delity of memory of storage, allowing memories to be retrieved with
precision. We studied the effect of selective REM sleep deprivation and
targeted memory reactivation during slow-wave sleep on the overnight
change in memory for newly-learned item locations.
Materials and methods: Thirty-seven healthy, good-sleeping young
adults (mean age: 19.35, 25 female) learned the locations of 200 items on a
circular grid as unique sounds were paired with each item. Half of these
paired sounds were played to participants during slow-wave sleep. Half of
the participants received selective deprivation of REM sleep through tar-
geted awakenings, and the other half received equivalent awakenings
during light non-REM sleep. Before and after sleep, participants were
tested on their ability to place each item in its proper location using a
continuous wheel of 360 possible locations. We estimated the frequency at
which participants successfully recalled the approximate location from
memory and the precision of their reports when recall was successful.
Results: Despite predictions, there was no clear effect of either REM sleep
deprivation or targeted memory reactivation on overnight change in recall
performance. In the REM sleep deprivation group, the little REM sleep
obtained was associated with greater item location retention. In replica-
tion of our previous work, we found that better retention of approximate
item locations was associated with time spent in slow-wave sleep for those
with high delta (1-3.5 Hz) electroencephalographic (EEG) power during
slow-wave sleep. Likewise, greater induced sigma (12-15.5 Hz) EEG power
following nocturnal sound cues was again linked to performance decline,
associating with worse retention of approximate item locations and worse
maintenance of precision in the group awakened during non-REM sleep.
Conclusions: The results further illustrate a robust association between
slow-wave activity of non-REM sleep and later accessibility of newly-ac-
quired memories. The ineffectiveness of targeted memory reactivation
during non-REM sleep and selective REM sleep deprivation informs our
understanding of possible boundary conditions regarding the effectiveness
of sleep manipulations on memory performance.
Acknowledgements: The Brock University Sleep Research Laboratory is
funded by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of
Canada.
Sleep Breathing Disorders
EVALUATION OF OBSTRUCTIVE SLEEP APNEA SCREENING
QUESTIONNAIRES IN OBESE WOMEN IN THE FIRST TRIMESTER OF
PREGNANCY
F. Machado 1, T. Aguiar 2, R. Valente 2, T. Ferraz 2, 3,4, P. Amorim 1, A.
Pimentel 1, P. Teles 1, N. Montenegro 2, 3, 5, M.
Drummond 1, 3. 1 Pulmonology Department, Portugal; 2 Obstetrics and
Gynecology Department, Centro Hospitalar Sao Joao, Portugal; 3 Faculdade
de Medicina Da Universidade do Porto, Portugal; 4 i3s - Instituto de
~o e Inovaça
Investigaça ~o em Saúde, Portugal; 5 EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde
Pública da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) during pregnancy is associ-
ated with several adverse outcomes, both for the mother and the fetus.
Due to the growth of the obesity epidemic, there is an increasing number
of obese pregnant women who concentrate important risk factors for sleep
disordered breathing. The Stop-Bang questionnaire and the Epworth
Sleepiness Scale (ESS) are good screening tools in the non-pregnant pop-
ulation. In this study we aim to evaluate the performance of these OSA
screening questionnaires in obese women in the first trimester of
pregnancy.
S237
Methods: Obese pregnant women were enrolled in the study and
completed an initial sleep evaluation including the STOP-Bang and
Epworth Sleepiness Scale questionnaires (both
10 and
12 cut-offs were
tested). A specific model proposed by Facco et al. for pregnant women
based on snoring, chronic hypertension, age and body-mass index was also
applied. In-laboratory polysomnography was performed for diagnosis
of OSA.
Results: 34 obese women completed the protocol during the first
trimester of pregnancy. Four patients had OSA (11.8%). None of the
screening methods were accurate in predicting OSA. For the Stop Bang
questionnaire, sensitivity and specificity were 0.25 (95%CI 0.05 - 0.7) and
0.83 (95% CI 0.66 - 0.93), with a ROC area under the curve (AUC) of 0,542.
ESS showed a sensitivity of 0.50 (95%CI 0.15 - 0.85) and 0.25 (95%CI 0.05 -
0.7) for
10 and
12 cut-offs, respectively. AUC was 0.617 for ESS
10 and
0.492 for ESS
12. The model proposed by Facco et. Al showed a sensitivity
and specificity of 0.25 (95%CI 0.05 - 0.7) and 0.35 (95% CI 0.18 - 0.57), with
an AUC of 0.408.
Conclusions: Currently available questionnaires aren't appropriate for OSA
screening in an obese pregnant women population. Further research is
needed to provide screening tools with better performance in this popu-
lation.
Other
NEIGHBOURHOOD SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND INFANT SLEEP
HEALTH
A.L. MacKinnon, L. Tomfohr-Madsen, S. Tough. University of Calgary,
Calgary, Canada
Introduction: Sleep health (which includes multiple dimensions such as
duration, continuity, efficiency, and quality), particularly in the early years,
is important for development and improves overall health. Unfortunately,
there are large socioeconomic gradients in sleep health, from childhood
through adulthood. Recent findings suggest that children from neigh-
bourhoods with poorer socioeconomic conditions have worse sleep
problems. The current study aimed to investigate the associations between
neighbourhood factors and sleep health as early as infancy.
Materials and methods: Secondary data analysis was conducted for a
sample of 2455 women (Mage¼ 30.78 years old, SD¼ 4.49) from the All our
Families longitudinal cohort study, for whom early pregnancy neigh-
bourhood data could be geocoded and who completed a written ques-
tionnaire at 12 months postpartum. The Vancouver Area Neighbourhood
Deprivation Index (VANDIX) was calculated usingthe 2011 National
Household Survey census data from Statistics Canada. Neighbourhood
disorder was measured using the 2011 Community Crime Reports from
Calgary Police Services. Mothers rated the perceived safety of their
neighbourhood and reported on their infants' sleep duration, awakenings,
and onset latency at 12 months postpartum.
Results: Bivariate correlations suggested that shorter sleep duration
among infants was associated with neighbourhood deprivation (r ¼ -.092,
p ¼ .002), disorder (r ¼ -.079, p ¼. 006), and mothers' perceptions of their
neighbourhoods being unsafe (r ¼ -.085, p ¼ . 004), while a longer onset
latency was associated with neighbourhood deprivation (r ¼ .093, p ¼
.001) and perceptions of unsafety (r ¼ .083, p ¼ . 005). Multilevel modeling
analyses indicated that both neighbourhood disorder (b ¼ -.170, p < .001)
and maternal perceptions of unsafety (b ¼ -1.339, p ¼ .002) uniquely
predict shorter sleep duration after accounting for family-level factors
including ethnicity, income, breastfeeding and co-sleeping. Neighbour-
hood deprivation was indirectly related with less sleep among 12-month-
old infants through more reports of disorder (ab ¼ -.009, p¼ .008) and
perceptions of less safety (ab ¼ -.118, p ¼ .037).
Conclusions: Both neighbourhood and family factors influence infant
sleep health. Policy efforts to increase neighbourhood safety and public
health initiatives to increase awareness of bedtime practices could help
improve infant sleep health.
Acknowledgements: We gratefully acknowledge the All Our Families
study team as well as the participants and their families. This work was
also supported by the generous donors of the Alberta Childrens Hospital
Foundation, the Canadian Child Health Clinician Scientist Program
(CCHCSP), and the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
(SSHRC).