Glady Mae D.

Alforte
1ST YEAR DIP-HM BLOCK 13

NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM 12

Lesson 1: GOOD GOVERNANCE

WORKSHEET NO. 1
1. Define the following in your own words:
a) GOVERNANCE
Governance encompasses the system by which an organisation is controlled and operates,
and the mechanisms by which it, and its people, are held to account. Ethics, risk
management, compliance and administration are all elements of governance.
b) GOOD GOVERNANCE
Good governance means that processes and institutions produce results that meet the
needs of society while making the best use of resources at their disposal. The concept of
efficiency in the context of good governance also covers the sustainable use of natural
resources and the protection of the environment.
2. Do you think our elected government officials practice good governance? Explain.
No, because if we have a good governance those poor people can have a stable job, no
corruption and we have a peaceful society
3. Enumerate the characteristics of Good Governance and explain each in your own words.
Good Governance is an approach to government that is committed to creating a system
founded in justice and peace that protects individual’s human rights and civil liberties.
According to the United Nations, Good Governance is measured by the eight factors of
Participation, Rule of Law, Transparency, Responsiveness, Consensus Oriented, Equity and
Inclusiveness, Effectiveness and Efficiency, and Accountability.

Participation requires that all groups, particularly those most vulnerable, have direct or
representative access to the systems of government. This manifests as a strong civil
society and citizens with the freedom of association and expression.

Rule of Law is exemplified by impartial legal systems that protect the human rights and
civil liberties of all citizens, particularly minorities. This is indicated by an independent
judicial branch and a police force free from corruption.
Transparency means that citizens understand and have access to the means and manner
in which decisions are made, especially if they are directly affected by such decisions. This
information must be provided in an understandable and accessible format, typically
translated through the media.

Responsiveness simply involves that institutions respond to their stakeholders within a

reasonable time frame.

Consensus Oriented is demonstrated by an agenda that seeks to mediate between the

many different needs, perspectives, and expectations of a diverse citizenry. Decisions
needs to be made in a manner that reflects a deep understanding of the historical,
cultural, and social context of the community.

Equity and Inclusiveness depends on ensuring that all the members of a community feel
included and empowered to improve or maintain their well being, especially those
individuals and groups that are the most vulnerable.

Effectiveness and Efficiency is developed through the sustainable use of resources to meet
the needs of a society. Sustainability refers to both ensuring social investments carry
through and natural resources are maintained for future generations.

Accountability refers to institutions being ultimately accountable to the people and one
another. This includes government agencies, civil society, and the private sector all being
accountable to one another as well.

Good Governance training is a critical part of what Creative Learning does through its
International Peace & Security Institute (IPSI) and Global Education Initiatives (GEI)
divisions. IPSI regularly teaches courses on Good Governance and related topics through
its Practitioner Intensives, as well as through its International Symposiums that bring
together expert practitioners and academics from around the world. IPSI has also used the
tenants of Good Governance as a building block for its Fragility Resilience Assessment
Method (FRAMe) that it co-developed with Creative Associates. GEI regularly hosts
individuals from other countries to learn about Good Governance and Federalism through
their custom-tailored Student Education and Practitioner Education programs.

Lesson 2: SAFEGUARDING THE ELECTORAL AND POLITICAL PROCESSES

A GOOD CITIZENSHIP GUIDE TO RESPONSIBLE VOTING

WORKSHEET NO. 2

1. Is voting a right or a privilege? Explain.

Voting is a right…to those who are citizens.

You don’t get to vote in something that doesn’t apply to you.

A privilege has to be earned or granted. An 18 year old only has to register to vote, not
pass a test.

Also those states aren’t making it harder to vote…they are making it harder to vote for
people who shouldn’t be voting anyway (felons, illegals, don’t live in the jurisdiction, dead
people).

2. How is cheating done in elections from Registration to Election time?

I. Registration

1. Registration of non-qualified voters

This can also be called packing of voters' lists. To ensure that a candidate will have captive
votes, he will haul in voters even if these voters do not meet the citizenship, age or
residence requirements. Where the registration period has already lapsed, the same
objective can be achieved through the manipulation of inclusion proceedings in court.

2. Disenfranchisement of qualified voters

This is resorted to where a candidate believes that a voter or group of voters will vote for
his opponent(s). It can come in the form of discouraging them from registering at all or, if
they managed to register, to exclude them from the voters' lists through an ostensibly
legal exclusion proceedings in court.

II. Election Day

1. Vote buying

a) with or with out chained balloting

Some candidates will take the word of the bought voter. However, if he wants to be sure
that he gets his money's worth, the candidate will employ chained balloting or 'lansadera'.
At the start of the day, all the potential 'buyees' are gathered in one place and, as soon as
the polls are opened, one of them is sent to the polling place. After the usual identification
process, he obtains a ballot from the poll clerk, which he takes with him to the polling
booth.
At this point, everything is still fine and dandy. But what he does with the ballot becomes
the heart of the illegal scheme. Instead of filling up the ballot, he puts it in his pocket and
casts something that looks like a ballot into the ballot box. Thereafter, he presents the
blank official ballot to the buyer who pays him an amount for his effort. The buyer then
fills up the ballot himself and hands the same to the second voter. The second voter goes
to the polling place and obtains a blank official ballot but does not drop this in the ballot
box. Instead, he drops the ballot which was filled up by the buyer. He then turns over the
blank official ballot to the buyer and the cycle is repeated.

b) with or without identifying marks

Another way of ensuring that the bought voter will live up to his end of the bargain is to
specify how that voter will fill up his ballot. The voter can be required to write the
candidate's name in a peculiar way, e.g. first name last, with nickname, slightly misspelled
etc.

3. Negative vote buying

This is the simplest way of buying votes. Where a candidate is certain that a voter will not
vote for him, he can pay him not to vote. Efficiency can be achieved by herding the voters
together and getting them on a bus that will take them away for the rest of the day. A lot
of times, the voters will be compelled to have their index fingers smeared with indelible
ink.

4. Waylaying of voters

a) through fraud or stealth

This has the same objective as negative vote buying except that no financial benefit
accrues to the voter. With the connivance of the Board of Election Inspectors, the voter's
name is deleted from the list. This results in confusion resulting in the voter being
disenfranchised.

b) through intimidation or downright terrorism

Disenfranchisement is also attained except that the means used are less subtle.

3. Stuffing of Ballot box with fake Ballots

The ballots stuffed may or may not be faithful reproductions of the genuine ones. In either
case, the fake ballots will have the name(s) of the candidate(s) written in the appropriate
place(s).

4. Ballots written by only one person or group of persons

This is usually employed in highly controlled or highly terrorized areas. The legitimate
voters are driven away and the henchmen of the warlord are left to do the voting for
them.

5. Voting by persons other than the registered voters

Toward the end of the voting period, the list is scanned for those who have not voted yet.
Ballots are issued to persons other than the registered voters and are filled up by the co-
conspirators of the cheating candidate. As expected, it is his name that will appear in the
appropriate place.

6. Misreading of Ballots

This is a rather simple maneuver. All it requires is the blind albeit cooperative eyes of the
Board of Election Inspectors and the complacency of the watchers.

7. Ballot/Ballot Box snatching or destruction

Where a candidate is losing in a precinct, the snatching of the ballot box or its destruction
(together with its contents) will deny his opponent the lead that the latter could have
enjoyed in that precinct.

8. Ballot/Ballot box substitution

This is a refinement of snatching or destruction. Not only does it deny the opponent of the
votes he could have gotten - it also credits the cheating candidate, as many votes as there
are substituted ballots.

9. Falsification (tampering) of Election Returns

This is a very cost efficient way of cheating. After the counting is completed in the
precinct, the votes are recorded in a document called the Election Return. The
intercalation of a single digit can result in a hundred votes added in favor of a candidate.
And this is so easy to do because by this time the level of awareness had been relaxed, the
recording being anti-climactic to the counting.

10. Falsification of Statement of Votes or Certificate of Canvass in the Municipal or City

Board of Canvassers

And this becomes even more vicious when the manipulation is done at the level of the city
or municipal board of canvassers. The results of all the precincts in a city or municipality
are recorded in a document called the Statement of Votes which is prepared by the board
of canvassers. Note that municipalities or cities have thousands, tens of thousands or
even hundreds of thousands of voters. The insertion or intercalation of one or two digits
can result in tens of thousands of votes undeservedly added.
11. Falsification of Statement of Votes or Certificate of Canvass in the Provincial Board of
Canvassers

The situation becomes fatal if the manipulation is done at the level of the provincial board
of canvassers, given the number of voters in most provinces which can go up to a million.

3. Who has the right to vote? Explain.

Suffrage may be exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by
law, who are at least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines
for at least one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six
months immediately preceding the election.

LESSON 3: SOCIAL MOBILIZATION

WORKSHEET NO. 3
1. Draw a schema/ diagram of a COMMUNITY ACTION CYCLE FOR COMMUNITY
MOBILIZATION.
ADD PICTURE

2. Discuss your role in community social mobilization.

Social mobilisation aims at empowering individuals and communities to identify their
needs, theirrights, and their responsibilities, change their ideas and beliefs and organize
the human, material, financialand other resources required for socioeconomic
development.

3. Explain briefly the following 7 steps in the community action cycle for community
mobilization.
There are 7 stages of a mobilisation effort on this model: conducting initial preparation,
organising the community for action, exploring the health issues and setting priorities,
planning, acting and evaluating together, and scaling up. These steps are depicted in the
Community Action Cycle (CAC), which draws on many of the theories and concepts of a
social systems approach to individual change and social change.

ADD PICTURE

While there are numerous models of how social change comes about, they all share
certain fundamental elements, which are also the guiding principles of community
mobilisation:

Sustainability of social change is more likely if the individuals and communities most
affected own the process and content of communication.
Communication for social change should be empowering, horizontal (versus top-down),
give a voice to the previously unheard members of the community, and be biased towards
local content and ownership.
Communities should be the agents of their own change.
Emphasis should shift from persuasion and the transmission of information from outside
technical experts to support for dialogue, debate, and negotiation on issues that resonate
with members of the community.
Emphasis on outcomes should shift away from individual behaviour to social norms,
policies, culture, and the supporting environment.
The CAC, developed by Save the Children, has been used by a number of organisations in a
number of countries, such as the United States Agency for International Development
(USAID)-supported ACCESS-FP Program, in the context of maternal health and newborn
health. USAID's ACCESS programme explains: "Community mobilization at its best does
not merely raise community awareness about an issue or persuade people to participate
in activities that have been prioritized and planned by others. Rather, it is a
comprehensive strategy that includes the following activities: carrying out careful
formative research to understand the community context and design the process entering
the community (if externally facilitated) and establishing credibility and trust; raising
community awareness about the maternal and newborn health situation; working with
community leaders and others to invite and organise participation of those most affected
by and interested in maternal and newborn health; exploring the issue to understand
what is currently being done and why (helpful, harmful, benign practicesm beliefs, and
attitudes) so that they can set priorities; planning; implementing the community plan; and
monitoring and evaluating progress. These activities are summarized in the phases of
what is known as the Community Action Cycle..

LESSON 4
DYNAMICS IN THE COMMUNITY

Introduction

WORKSHEET NO. 4
1. What are the different measures to eliminate poverty.

Poverty is often passed from one generation to the next. Plan International gives children,
families and communities the tools they need to lift themselves out of poverty. These
include:

1. Quality education
Education provides children with the knowledge and life skills to realize their full
potential. Plan International helps children access quality education by training teachers,
building new schools and breaking down barriers that prevent many children – girls in
particular – from attending and staying in school.

2. Access to Health care

Access to health care is essential. Plan International helps communities build health
clinics, train health care workers and invest in equipment and medicine, so children can
grow up healthy and strong.

3. Water & sanitation

Water and sanitation are also essential for every child's survival. Plan International helps
communities build school latrines and community water points. We also help establish
organizations to ensure water points' continued management and maintenance.

4. Economic security
Economic security means people have the skills and resilience to withstand hard economic
times and grow their incomes. Plan International works to overcome poverty by helping
communities around the world gain the financial security they need to thrive. We work
with partners to provide skills training and education to help people secure a livelihood
and support their families.

5. Child participation
Child participation means that children are at the center of everything we do. Plan
International helps children learn their rights and take active roles within their
community. Child participation helps children engage in citizenship, express their views
and make decisions that will shape their future and influence the people around them.

2. What do you think are the reasons why there are people suffering from poverty.
Explain.
A range of factors including rising living costs, low pay, lack of work, and inadequate social
security benefits together mean some people do not have enough resources.

3. What is the role of the Non-Government Organizations(NGOs) in our society to

eliminate poverty.
Non-profit organizations serve as additional help aside from the programs and funds from
the government. NGOs must focus on their programs and means to send help. The deeper
sense of their humanitarian act lies in their purpose.

LESSON 5. CHILD ABUSE

WORKSHEET NO. 5
1. What are the forms of child abuse?
Types of Child Neglect and Abuse
Neglect. Child abuse is doing harmful things to children. ...
Physical abuse. Child abuse is doing harmful things to children. ...
Sexual abuse. Child abuse is doing harmful things to children. ...
Emotional abuse. Child abuse is doing harmful things to children.

2. What are the characteristics of abusive parents?

Low self-esteem has often been cited in the child abuse literature as a characteristic of
abusive parents.

3.What are the ways of helping the young child cope with the child abuse?
Preventing Child Abuse and Neglect
Enhanced primary care.
Behavioral parent training programs.
Treatment to lessen harms of abuse and neglect exposure.
Treatment to prevent problem behavior and later involvement in violence.

4. Discuss in your own words the following:

A) child abuse
Child abuse is not just physical violence directed at a child. It is any form of maltreatment
by an adult, which is violent or threatening for the child. This includes neglect. When child
abuse occurs in the home and the abuser is, for example, the child's parent or care-giver,
this is a form of domestic violence .

B) sexual abuse
Sexual abuse is unwanted sexual activity, with perpetrators using force, making
threats or taking advantage of victims not able to give consent. Most victims and
perpetrators know each other.

C) child trafficking
What is child trafficking? Trafficking is where children and young people tricked, forced or
persuaded to leave their homes and are moved or transported and then exploited, forced
to work or sold. Children are trafficked for: sexual exploitation.

LESSON 6: THE DANGERS OF PORNOGRAPHY

WORKSHEET NO. 6

1. Explain pornography in your own words.

pornography, representation of sexual behaviour in books, pictures, statues, films, and
other media that is intended to cause sexual excitement. The distinction between
pornography (illicit and condemned material) and erotica (which is broadly tolerated) is
largely subjective and reflects changing community standards. The word pornography,
derived from the Greek porni (“prostitute”) and graphein (“to write”), was originally
defined as any work of art or literature depicting the life of prostitutes.

2. What are the harmful effects of pornography?

Some of the common damaging effects of pornography for users can include addiction,
isolation, increased aggression, distorted beliefs and perceptions about relationships and
sexuality, negative feelings about themselves, and neglecting other areas of their lives.

3. Explain in your own words cybersex.

The term “cybersex” has been used to refer to a subcategory of online sexual activity that
is distinct from seeking sexual information and/or a romantic relationship online—in that
it involves sexual gratification

4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of cybersex if any?

Advantage. Cybersex allows you to explore your wildest fantasies not just in your mind,
but also with someone else. You can interact with this person and still be in the safe
haven of your own private home. None of the bad stuff. Online you don't have to think
about STDs, bad smells, or looking stupid.
Disadvantage. The participants are not actually having sex. As it can solve some sexual
feelings, but can not fully satisfy some people. Debate continues among moralists on
whether cybersex is a form of infidelity.

5. Is cybersex acceptable in our country? Explain.

New cybercrime law from the Philippine government making waves around the world.
The Philippines is today making headlines around the world after President Benigno
Aquino III signed a law that bans cybersex as part of a cybercrime prevention tactic.

LESSON 7 : POPULATION EXPLOSION

WORKSHEET NO. 7

1. What are the effects of population explosion?

The Effects of Overpopulation

More people means an increased demand for food, water, housing, energy, healthcare,
transportation, and more. And all that consumption contributes to ecological degradation,
increased conflicts, and a higher risk of large-scale disasters like pandemics.

2. Define in your own words population explosion.

It is the rapid increase in numbers of a particular species, especially in the world's human
population since the end of World War II, attributed to an accelerating birthrate, a
decrease in infant mortality, and an increase in life expectancy.

3. How will you motivate the community people to practice family planning
To motivate people in a community to practice family planning, point out reasons for
doing so. Focus on things that will impact the families involved, such as the cost of each
child, the space that is needed, and the time needed for each child.

4. What are the predictors of juvenile delinquency?

Family characteristics such as poor parenting skills, family size, home discord, child
maltreatment, and antisocial parents are risk factors linked to juvenile delinquency
(Derzon and Lipsey, 2000; Wasserman and Seracini, 2001).

5. As future parent, how will you handle your children so that they will not become
delinquent?

Talk to your child - It can be difficult to discuss issues such as drug and alcohol use, sex,
and crime with your child, but communication with your child is one of the most
important steps in preventing juvenile delinquency.

Stay alert - You should keep abreast of red flags and common criminal trends of modern-
day teens in your area.

Do not leave your child unsupervised - If you cannot supervise your child after school, you
should find another adult who can look after them or enroll them in some kind of activity
program.

Spend time with your child - Amidst busy work schedules, sports practices, and music
lessons, you and your child likely have busy schedules, which may make it difficult to
spend as much quality time together as you should.

Remain firm - If your child gets into trouble at home, school, an organization, or a friend’s
home, you should take a firm approach to punishment.

Encourage extra-circular activities and hobbies - Not only does involvement in afterschool
groups and extra-curricular activities keep your child in a safe and supervised
environment, it can help them feel motivated, engaged, and accepted.

LESSON 8: POLLUTION

WORKSHEET NO. 8

1. What are the different kinds of pollution and give examples of each?
The three major types of pollution are air pollution, water pollution, and land pollution.
Sometimes, air pollution is visible. A person can see dark smoke pour from the exhaust
pipes of large trucks or factories, for example. More often, however, air pollution is
invisible.

2. How can you be of help to the community to control pollution in the Barangay?
1. Using public transports. ...
2. Turn off the lights when not in use. ...
3. Recycle and Reuse. ...
4. No to plastic bags. ...
5. Reduction of forest fires and smoking. ...
6. Use of fans instead of Air Conditioner. ...
7. Use filters for chimneys. ...
8. Avoid usage of crackers.

LESSON 9 UNEMPLOYMENT

WORKSHEET NO. 9

1. What are the types of unemployment?

- Cyclical Unemployment. ...
- Frictional Unemployment. ...
- Structural Unemployment. ...
- Natural Unemployment. ...
- Long-Term Unemployment. ...
- Seasonal Unemployment. ...
- Classical Unemployment. ...
- Underemployment.

2. What are the causes of unemployment?

The causes of unemployment in high-income countries of the world can be categorized in
two ways: either cyclical unemployment caused by the economy being in a recession, or
the natural rate of unemployment caused by factors in labor markets, such as government
regulations regarding hiring and starting businesses.

3. What are the contemporary problems of unemployment?

Unemployment is a contemporary economic phenomenon increasingly spread due to a
complex and comprehensive in nature, affecting the economic, social, political,
psychological and moral development. It represents a negative state of the economy that
indicates not using a part of the workforce employed.

4. Define unemployment in your own words.

Unemployment is a term referring to individuals who are employable and actively seeking
a job but are unable to find a job. Included in this group are those people in the workforce
who are working but do not have an appropriate job.

LESSON 10: GRAFT AND CORRUPTION

WORKSHEET NO. 10.

1. What are the causes of graft and Corruption?

Greed of money, desires.
Higher levels of market and political monopolization.
Low levels of democracy, weak civil participation and low political transparency.
Higher levels of bureaucracy and inefficient administrative structures.
Low press freedom.
Low economic freedom.

2. Define in your own word Graft and Corruption.

GRAFT AND CORRUPTION INCLUDE BRIBERY, EXTORTION, AND NEPOTISM, AND ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY THE SUBORDINATION OF PUBLIC INTERESTS TO PRIVATE AIMS AND
VIOLATIONS OF THE NORMS OF DUTY AND WELFARE, ACCOMPANIED BY SECRECY,
BETRAYAL, DECEPTION AND A CALLOUS DISREGARD FOR ANY CONSEQUENCES SUFFERED
BY THE PUBLIC.

3. Discuss the positive and negative effects of graft and corruption.

In a nutshell, corruption increases inequality, decreases popular accountability and
political responsiveness, and thus produces rising frustration and hardship among citizens,
who are then more likely to accept (or even demand) hard-handed and illiberal tactics.

LESSON 11: ENVIRONMENT DEVELOPMENT

INTRODUCTION

WORKSHEET NO. 11

1. NAME AT LEAST 12 EXAMPLES OF INCIDENTS BROUGHT BY OUR NEGLIGENCE.

- A driver who runs a stop sign causing an injury crash.
- A store owner who fails to put up a “Caution: Wet Floor” sign after mopping up a spill.
- A property owner who fails to replace rotten steps on a wooden porch that collapses and
injures visiting guests.
- Incorrect Medication. Incorrect medication prescriptions or administration of drugs is
one of the most common cases of medical negligence reported. ...
- Prenatal Care and Childbirth Negligence. ...
- Surgery Mistakes. ...
- Anesthesia Administration.
- Premises Liability
- Automobile Accidents
- Personal Injury

2. NAME THE PLACES IN WHICH SMOKING IS PROHIBITED.

centers of youth activity such as schools, preparatory schools, elementary schools, high
schools, colleges and universities, youth hostels and recreational facilities for person
under 18.
elevators and stairwells.

3. WHAT ARE THE GUIDING PRINCIPLES OF CLEAN AIR ACT?

Recognize that the responsibility of cleaning the habitat and environment is primarily
area-based; Recognize that "polluters must pay"; Recognize that a clean and healthy
environment is for the good of all and should therefore be the concern of all.

4. AS AN NSTP STUDENT, HOW WILL YOU HELP MAINTAIN OUR AIR CLEAN?
As an NSTP student, my role in maintaining clean air is by using my resources most
efficiently and by avoiding auto-mobiles as much as possible. A large part of keeping air
clean is just by recycling and reusing your products. This can mean filling up your juice
bottle with water for the week, not wasting food, and avoiding products with large
amounts of packaging. Also, forcing yourself to walk two miles to the town centre rather
than driving is a must. Not only is it bad for our air by releasing carbon monoxide, but it is
also dreadfully expensive. Using public transport (if it is available), bikes, or your own two
feet are much better. These are very simple things that university students can do in their
dorms and around their campus to help out.

LESSON 12. COMMUNITY OUTREACH PROGRAM

The school and the community serve as alliances in the National development.