ASSIGNMENT 01 FRONT SHEET

Qualification BTEC Level 5 HND Diploma in Computing

Unit number and title Unit 09: Software Development Life Cycle

Submission date 30th July, 2021 Date Received 1st submission

Re-submission Date Date Received 2nd submission

Student Name Tran Trung Kien Student ID GCH190451

Class GCH0902 Assessor name Michael Omar

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I certify that the assignment submission is entirely my own work and I fully understand the consequences of plagiarism. I understand that making a
false declaration is a form of malpractice.
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Contents
1 . Describe two iterative and two sequential .................................................................................. 3
software lifecycle models..................................................................................................................... 3
2 . Explain how risk is managed in the Spiral ................................................................................. 7
lifecycle model. .................................................................................................................................... 7
How to register risks? ................................................................................................................ 10
3 . Explain the purpose of a feasibility report. .............................................................................. 10
4 . Describe how technical solutions can be ................................................................................. 12
compared. ........................................................................................................................................... 12
5 References .................................................................................................................................. 15

Table 1-advantages and disadvantages of iterative model in the project............................................. 6

Table 2-advantages and disadvantages of sequential model in the project ......................................... 6

Figure 1- Iterative Mode ...................................................................................................................... 4

Figure 2- Spiral Model ......................................................................................................................... 8

1 . Describe two iterative and two sequential

software lifecycle models

Iterative models:

The iterative model is a particular implementation of a software development life cycle (SDLC) that

focuses on an initial, simplified implementation, which then progressively gains more complexity

and a broader feature set until the final system is complete. When discussing the iterative method,

the concept of incremental development will also often be used liberally and interchangeably,

which describes the incremental alterations made during the design and implementation of each

new iteration. (airbrake.io, n.d.)

 Figure 1- Iterative Mode

Two iterative models:

Spiral : Spiral Model is a combination of a waterfall model and iterative model. Each phase in

spiral model begins with a design goal and ends with the client reviewing the progress.

Advantages
Additional functionality or changes can be
done at a later stage
Cost estimation becomes easy as the prototype
building is done in small fragments
Continuous or repeated development helps in
risk management
Development is fast and features are added in a
systematic way
Disadvantages
Risk of not meeting the schedule or budget
It works best for large projects only also
demands risk assessment expertise
For its smooth operation spiral model protocol
needs to be followed strictly
Documentation is more as it has intermediate
phases

DSDM : Dynamic Systems Development Model is a software development methodology originally

based on the Rapid Application Development methodology. This is an iterative and incremental

approach that emphasizes continuous user involvement. Its main aim is to deliver software systems
on time and on the budget. This model simply works on the philosophy that nothing is developed

perfectly in the first attempt and considers as an ever-changing process

 Advantages
Users are highly involved in the development
of the system so, they are more likely to get a
grip on the software development project
In this model, basic functionality is delivered
quickly, with more functionality being
delivered at frequent intervals
Disadvantages
The first thing is DSDM is costly to implement,
as it requires users and developers both to be
trained to employ it effectively. It may not be
suitable for small organizations or one-time
projects
It is a relatively new model, therefore, it is not
very common and easy to understand

Sequential models:

Traditionally, the models used for the lifecycle have been sequential, with the development

progressing through a number of well defined phases. The sequential phases are usually represented

by a V or waterfall diagram. These models are respectively called a V lifecycle model and a

waterfall lifecycle model.

There are in fact many variations of V and after fall lifecycle models, introducing different phases
to the lifecycle and creating different boundaries between phases
(streetdictionary, 2021)

Two sequential model:

Waterfall : The waterfall model is one of the most traditional and commonly used software

development methodologies for software development. This life cycle model is often considered as

the classic style of the software development. This model clarifies the software development
process in a linear sequential flow that means that any phase in the development process begins
only if the earlier phase is completed. This development approach does not define the process to go
back to the previous phase to handle changes in requirements.

Advantages
Before the next phase of development, each
phase must be completed
Suited for smaller projects where requirements
are well defined
They should perform quality assurance
test (Verification and Validation) before
completing each stage
Disadvantages
Error can be fixed only during the phase
It is not desirable for complex project where
requirement changes frequently
Testing period comes quite late in the
developmental process

V-shaped : is an SDLC model where execution of processes happens in a sequential manner in a V-

shape. It is also known as Verification and Validation model.
The V-Model is an extension of the waterfall model and is based on the association of a testing
phase for each corresponding development stage. This means that for every single phase in the

development cycle, there is a directly associated testing phase. This is a highly-disciplined model

and the next phase starts only after completion of the previous phase. (tutprialspoimt.com, 2021)

Advantages
Simple and easy to use
Testing activities like planning, test
designing happens well before coding. This
saves a lot of time. Hence higher chance of
success over the waterfall model.
Proactive defect tracking – that is defects are
found at early stage.
Disadvantages
Very rigid and least flexible
Software is developed during the
implementation phase, so no early prototypes
of the software are produced.
If any changes happen in midway, then the test
documents along with requirement documents
has to be updated

Advantages and Disadvantages for each following model in Tune Source:

Iterative model:

Table 1-advantages and disadvantages of iterative model in the project

Advantages
The progress is easy measurable
Predict the actual deadlines and costs
Easier to check and correct throughout a
smaller iteration.
Tune Source can be developed as fast as
possible: less documentation, simpler testing
and debugging, less features to be developed
per iteration.
Disadvantages
Iterative model requires more resources than
the waterfall model
Constant management is required with more
management
The risks may not be completely determined
even at the final stage of the project
More human resource is required.

Sequential model

Table 2-advantages and disadvantages of sequential model in the project

Advantages Disadvantages

Easy to manage and arrange tasks. Not enough time top show software

Simple and straightforward to plan as well as Cannot adjust the scope

applying.

Phases are well documented. Cannot accommodate changing requirements

2 . Explain how risk is managed in the Spiral

lifecycle model.
A risk is any adverse situation that might affect the successful completion of a software project.

The most important feature of the spiral model is handling these unknown risks after the project

has started. Such risk resolutions are easier done by developing a prototype. The spiral model

supports coping up with risks by providing the scope to build a prototype at every phase of the

software development.

The Prototyping Model also supports risk handling, but the risks must be identified completely

before the start of the development work of the project. But in real life project risk may occur

after the development work starts, in that case, we cannot use the Prototyping Model. In each

phase of the Spiral Model, the features of the product dated and analyzed, and the risks at that

point in time are identified and are resolved through prototyping. Thus, this model is much more

flexible compared to other SDLC models

 Figure 2- Spiral Model

This model is consists of four quadrants:

• Identify objectives, alternatives, constraints

- In the first quadrant; we identify the requirements and objectives of the project through client.
Then

the information is elaborated and analyzed at the early phase. Then alternatives ways or possible
solutions are documented.

• Evaluate alternative and identify risk analysis

– In this quadrant, all the possible solutions are

gathered along with the risk. This stage is also considered as a selection quadrant. The best

solution is selected and prototype is built for that solution.

• Plan next phases

– Here the first product get developed and verified through testing

each feature; that is working properly or not. And work under the next version of

software, at last next version product is ready to be developed.

• Develop and verify next level product

– After third quadrant, the product is shown to

the client to evaluate the development version. Then planning is started for the next phase.

The first risk analysis aimed at:

o The identification of the main hazards threatens the project.

o Classification of risk into risk and development in the user interface.

o Assess these risks to identify the hazards to be tackled

Every cycle. By every cycle. This categorization also assists developers

Implement approaches like prototyping and benchmarking for Risk Solution.

- The development of spirals that are designed to resolve user and performance

Risks associated with the interface. These spirals help reduce previously significant hazards

The development process is continuing.

- The iterative feature of the spiral which allows the development process to go back to the first
quadrant at any point in progress which allows:

o Objectives, alternatives and constraints to change as more attractive alternatives exist.

o New technology to be incorporated easily during the development process.

o The maximum optimization of project resources usage.

o To deal with poorly done activities in the earlier phases.

- The review conducted at the end of each cycle with main stakeholders as a decision point to avoid
the lack of commitment risks during the next cycle.

- Time and cost overrun risks are best managed using spiral development due to the risk analysis
stage conducted at each cycle. In this stage, the cost and time required for each cycle are analyzed
in advance to give a clear picture about the critical state of the project. This helps the project
manager and the developers get more control over these risks

How to register risks?

When someone want to manage risk in the spiral lifecycle model have follow each step:

- Name: Describe risk(problem) content and name it.

- Impacts: Risk effect
- Priority: Urgent – high – medium – low.
- Picture: watch and follow
- Prevent plan: An action to prevent risks

3 . Explain the purpose of a feasibility report.

What is feasibility study:

As the name implies, a feasibility analysis is used to determine the viability of an idea, such as

ensuring a project is legally and technically feasible as well as economically justifiable. It tells us

whether a project is worth the investment—in some cases, a project may not be doable. There can

be many reasons for this, including requiring too many resources, which not only prevents those

resources from performing other tasks but also may cost more than an organization would earn back

by taking on a project that isn’t profitable. (simplilearm.com, 2021)

Types of Feasibility Study:

Technical Feasibility

This assessment focuses on the technical resources available to the organization. It helps

organizations determine whether the technical resources meet capacity and whether the technical

team is capable of converting the ideas into working systems. Technical feasibility also involves the

evaluation of the hardware, software, and other technical requirements of the proposed system. As
an exaggerated example, an organization wouldn’t want to try to put Star Trek’s transporters in

their building—currently, this project is not technically feasible.

Economic Feasibility

This assessment typically involves a cost/ benefits analysis of the project, helping organizations

determine the viability, cost, and benefits associated with a project before financial resources are

allocated.

Legal Feasibility

This assessment investigates whether any aspect of the proposed project conflicts with legal

requirements like zoning laws, data protection acts or social media laws. Let’s say an organization

wants to construct a new office building in a specific location.

Operational Feasibility

This assessment involves undertaking a study to analyze and determine whether—and how well—

the organization’s needs can be met by completing the project. Operational feasibility studies also

examine how a project plan satisfies the requirements identified in the requirements analysis phase

of system development.

Scheduling Feasibility

This assessment is the most important for project success; after all, a project will fail if not

completed on time. In scheduling feasibility, an organization estimates how much time the project

will take to complete.

Document purpose

A feasibility report is a document that assesses potential solutions to the business problem or

opportunity, and determines which of these are viable for further analysis.

The purpose of the feasibility report is to present the project parameters and define the potential

solutions to the defined problem, need, or opportunity. Having brainstormed a variety of potential

solutions, the project team expands on each of these potential solutions, providing sufficient detail,
including very high-level costing information, to permit the project leader to recommend to the

approving authority all of the viable potential solutions that should be further analyzed in the next

phase (Business Case). Project constraints and limitations of expenditure are among the various

factors that will determine viability

(tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca, n.d.)

4 . Describe how technical solutions can be

compared.
Technical solution can be defined as one that requires a change only in the techniques of the

natural sciences, demanding little or nothing in the way of change in human values or ideas

of morality

Technical solution is basically done to develop, design and implement solutions according

to the requirements. It is very important to use technical solution for every problem so

that it could be easily solved. The technical solution process area is applicable at

any level of the product architecture and to every products and product related lifecycle

process.

Comparison of technical solution Technical solution can be compared on the basis of following

points:

1.Budget

2.Performance

3.Efficiency

• Budget:

As you know, the budget is the amount required to successfully complete the application.

Developers can develop any type of application if the application development budget is
large. The first thing needed for software development is a budget. Everything you need for

software development, such as software developers, marketers, and technology purchases,

needs money. It is also useful for comparing technical solutions.

For example, if you have a low developer budget when developing an application, many problems

will arise. He can't buy new technology, his friends and employees can leave him, and if they

aren't paid in time, he can't solve the problem correctly.

• Performance

As everyone knows, productivity is the action or process that performs a task or function. This

plays an important role in comparative technology solutions. By analyzing performance, you

can choose the best solution from a variety of solutions.

• Efficiency

When solving a problem, you must consider the effectiveness of the solution. For example,

there was the problem of recording insurance company customer records in newspapers.

It is very difficult to store a record safely and determine if it is absolutely necessary. There are

several solutions to this problem, such as keeping more employees, keeping records by name, but

the best solution for insurance company effectiveness can be obtained every second as needed

Is to install digitally recorded customer software

Programming languages and Alternative Matrix

C++ Language
- The C++ language has an object oriented structure which is used in large projects. Programmers
can collaborate one program into different parts or even one individual work on each part of the
program. The structure of object oriented also permit code to be reused many times. This language
is an efficient language. But, many programmers will disagree (admin, 2021)

Pascal Language
- Pascal language is mostly a teaching language and few industries uses this language to write the
programs. This language tends to use keywords instead of symbols and braces in C language. So
this language is very easy for beginners to understand than a programming language like C, C++.
Borland is a compiler software company, which is using Delphi programming language for
 industrial strength. Delphi is an object oriented language of Pascal, and presently Borland
compilers only use it (admin, 2021)

Alternative Matrix
The evaluation design matrix is an essential tool for planning and organizing an evaluation. It
is simply a table with one row for each evaluation question and columns that address
evaluation design issues such as data collection methods, data sources, analysis methods, criteria
for comparisons, etc. The design matrix links each evaluation question to the means for
answering that question.

Alternative technical solutions matrix

The alternative technical solutions assessment is carried in the following these steps:

A system of criteria is built and relative importance score imposed.

A set of candidate solutions is chosen and given scores.
For each solution and each criteria compute weighted score by formula:
Weighted score = relative importance * score
For each solution compute total score by SUM all weighted score.
Candidates are compared by scores. Greater is better

Evaluation Criteria Priorit Alternative 1: plugin using C++ Score (1-5)* Weight
y ed
point Score
Technical Issues:
 C1: Support front-end 10 JS supports full 5 60
and back-end (Full stack) stack
C2: Able to run on 10 Current system 5 50
Windows Server fully supports JS
C3: Support Multimedia 10 Easy to find open 4 40
libraries source library
Economic Issues
C4: License costs 10 Free for 5 50
commercial use
C5: Server costs 10 Reuse current 4 30
server
Organizational Issues:
C6: Able to recruit a 10 Not easy to find 1 20
senior developer
C7: Able to recruit a 10 Easy to find 5 40
experienced project
manager
C8: Able to hire a tester 25 Easy to find 4 100
Risks:
Maintenance / Upgrade -20 Need experience 2 -60
Synchronization -30 Yes, but not easy 2 -90

TOTAL 240

5 References
admin. (2021). watelectronics. Retrieved july 26, 2021, from
https://www.watelectronics.com/types-of-programming-languages-with-differences/

airbrake.io. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://airbrake.io/blog/sdlc/iterative-model

geeksforgeeks. (2021). Retrieved july 26, 2021, from https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/software-

engineering-spiral-model/

simplilearm.com. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.simplilearn.com/feasibility-study-article

streetdictionary. (2021). Retrieved from

https://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/137803/computers/sequential_lifecycle_mode
ls.html

tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.tpsgc-pwgsc.gc.ca/biens-property/sngp-

npms/ti-it/etivcarftp-idsfvfrmd-eng.html

tutprialspoimt.com. (2021). Retrieved from https://www.tutorialspoint.com/sdlc/sdlc_v_model.htm

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Index of comments

1.1 you must follow instructions given to you

2.1
The report on what you did is provided below.

LO1 Describe the different software development lifecycles

P1 Describe two iterative and two sequential software lifecycle models.

SDLC model:
Your report has all of the required information on SDLC models. The most acceptable model for the project is
not clearly identified in the report.

You have to provide the most suitable model for the design

Redo P1

P2 Explain how risk is managed in the Spiral lifecycle model.

Risk management:
- Some risks linked to the case study had to be identified
- A brief discussion of how these risks will be mitigated must be given

Redo P2

LO2 Explain the importance of a feasibility study

P3 Explain the purpose of a feasibility report.

Feasibility study: The benefit of analyzing economic feasibility for return on investment is mentioned in the
paper.

P4 Describe how technical solutions can be compared.

An alternate matrix iterating the feasibility of the technical solutions is provided for the given report.

Recommendation for improvement

Academic Report structure

The study has a missing academic report structure.

It is disallowed to repeat the same citations on the same page.

Avoid using the first-person pronoun, especially in the introduction and end, in scholarly writing.

File naming convention

The file name should be 1631 -ASM 1- GCH0901 - Student name

The following Tran Trung Kien - ASM1 - 1631.pdf is acceptable

Front-Page

The front page is ok

https://www.remove.bg - no update given

 Index of comments

Use the following link to remove the background of the digital signature

Harvard referencing style

The report has references. However, the references does not conform to Harvard referencing style.

Overall Comment

Models for the SDLC, risk management, feasibility studies, and technical choices needs to be explored
extensively.

Work on the missing criteria and thoroughly examine all comments before submitting a second attempt.

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