FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL OIL FOR SKIN INFECTIONS

Sushal Pingale1,Swati Sarode2,Ravindra Shirsath3,Prajkta Thitme4,Ujjwala Waghere5,Vikas Purkar6

K.K.Wagh College Of Pharmacy Nashik,Affilited To Dr.Babsaheb Ambedkar Technological University,Lonere,Maharashtra,India

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Abstract-

Objective-The current study was to formulate and evaluate Herbal Oil for skin infections.

Method-Five herbal products were used for the formulation of herbal Oil, namely Karanj oil,neem oil,camphor,turmeric and
menthol.Oil were formulated by adding all the ingredients.Triturating the Camphor,Turmeric and menthol and then add
Neem oil and quantity sufficient by adding Karanj oil.

Result- All the prepared formulation was evaluated successfully.Optimized formulation were applied on patients which
results in formulation is best to treat skin infections.

Conclusion-It can be concluded that Herbal Oil proved better and improve patient compliance,ease of administration,local
bio-availability and better proves for and bacterial infected patients.

Key words-Karanj oil,Neem oil, Camphor, Turmeric,Menthol.

1. Introduction-

Our skin is the largest organ in our body. Its function is to protect our bodies from various diseases. Sometimes
the skin itself becomes infected. Skin infections are caused by a variety of germs, fungi, or bacteria and the
symptoms can range from mild to severe. Minor infections may be treated with over-the-counter medications
and home remedies, while some illnesses may require medical attention.

[1][1.1][1.2][1.3][1.4][1.5][1.6][1.7][1.8][1.9]

Types of skin infections :

Sr. Type Of Infection Description Images

No
1 Bacterial skin infection Bacterial skin infections usually start out as
small, red spots that gradually grow in size.
Different types of bacterial skin infections
include: cellulitis, impetigo, abscesses,
Hansen's disease (leprosy).

2 Viral skin infection Viral skin infections are caused by a virus.

These infections range from mild to severe.
Different types of viral infections
include:shingles (herpes zoster), chickenpox
Molluscum contagiosum, warts, measles,
hand, foot, and mouth disease.

3 Fungal skin infection These types of skin diseases are caused by

fungus and may grow on moist areas, such as
the feet or armpits.
Different types of fungal infections: athlete's
 foot, yeast infection, ringworm, nail fungus,
oral thrush, diaper rash etc.

4 Parasitic skin infection
These skin diseases are caused by the parasite.
These infections can spread beyond the skin to
the blood and organs.
Different types of parasitic skin diseases
include: lice, bed bugs, scabies, migratory skin
worms etc.

SYSTEMS OF MEDICINE -

Ayurvedic-According to the complete and ancient Ayurvedic wisdom, any imbalance in the three doshas,
videlicet kapha, pitta, and vata, can lead to skin diseases.

Ayurveda offers a wide range of natural additives for glowing, non-abrasive skin from a variety of ailments.
Some notable ayurvedic remedies include: Mahatiktaka Ghrita, Nalpamaradi Keram, Kumkumadi Oil1, Nimbadi
Kwath ,, Manjistha, Vidpala ,, Nyagrodha, Pongamia pinnata, Azadirachta indica etc.

[2] [2.1][2.2][2.3][2.4][2.5][2.6][2.7]

Homeopathic-Homeopathy is a medical program based on the concept of 'as if'. The treatment of common skin
conditions with homeopathic remedies seems to be much safer and more satisfying than conventional drugs. Eg
Calcarea carbonica (carbonate of line) Mazereum (spurge olive) Graphite (black) lead) Tellurium (metal
tellurium) [3] [3.1] [3.2]

Allopathic-A study released by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2001 defined "allopathic medicine" as
"a broad class of medicine sometimes called Western medicine, biomedicine, evidence-based medicine, or
modern medicine." [ 4] [4.1] eg Dicloxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline as an antibiotics.Flucanozole and
Itracanozole, Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir as an antiviral medicine.Prednisolon as a corticosteroid etc.
[4.2]

The human skin, the outer covering of the body, is the largest organ in the body. It also forms the first line of
defense. According to Ayurveda, the skin is one of the most important organs in the sense of hearing. Ayurveda
has its own unique principles of vision and treatment of pigmented skin conditions under the heading Kuṣṭha.
Considering the prevalence of colorful cases, all the time, worldwide there are approximately 20 cases of
medical attention plagued by skin conditions, including cosmetic problems. Skin rash is a common disease and
affects all the time from newborn to the elderly and causes injuries in many ways. Apart from this, people with
skin problems suffer from social stigma.[5][5.1]

Panchakarma is one of the leading Ayurvedic remedies for skin problems that restores doshic balance and
promotes skin health by removing excess toxins from the body. Panchakarma Remedy is a complete program to
eliminate toxins that detoxify the body and cleanse it in the cellular area. When the toxin is removed from the
body, the doshas regain their balance, and the organs and skin return to their normal function.

While Ayurveda mentioned a number of sauces, ointments and Ayurvedic drugs for skin ailments that provide
relief from skin ulcers, injuries or anxiety, its therapeutic approaches remain focused on addressing the cause
of the complaint so that those present can heal their bodies. inside and outside the symptoms of skin
conditions.
According to Ayurveda, the highest levels of skin are found in dhatus or tissue in the body such as blood, fat etc.
Therefore, Ayurvedic treatments for skin conditions are acne that penetrates deep into the skin layers and
removes the problem at its roots. Although it may take weeks to develop symptoms, you can be sure that the
effects will not go always. [6]

Drug profile-
Name of Image Synonym Biological Chemical Pharmacologi
the herb Source Constituents cal Uses

Karanja,Dit Seeds of Flavones And Antibacterial,a

houri pongamia Traces Of nti-
Karanja pinnata linn Essential inflammatory,
oil merr,syn.ponga Oil,Fixed Oil antioxidant,an
mia glabra vent ti-psoriasis
belonging to
family
leguminosae

Margosa oil Azadirachta Nimbidin,Nim Antimicrobial,

indica(matured bin,Nimbinin, antoioxidant
Neem oil seeds)belonging Nimbidol
to family
meliaceae

Gum Cinnamomum Cineole,Pinen Rubefacient,co

camphor camphora(L) e,Camphene,Li unteriritant,an
Camphor nees et eber monene tipruritic,antii
belonging to nfective,used
family lauracea in skin
medicament.

Saffron Dried rhizome of Curcumini,I,II, antiseptic,colo

Indian,haldi curcuma longa III,Zingiberace uring
Turmeric linn.belonging to ae agent,antibact
family erial(bacterici
zingiberaceae dal)

peppermint Distillation of Menthol,Ment Stimulant,as a

[7] [7.1][7.2][7.3][7.4][7.5][7.6][7.7][7.8][7.9][7.10][7.11][7.12][7.13][7.14][7.15][[7.16][7.17][7.18][7.19]
[7.20][7.21][7.22][7.23][7.24][7.25][7.26][7.27][7.28][7.29][7.30][7.31][7.32][7.33][7.34][7.35][7.36][7.37]
[7.38][7.39][7.40][7.41][7.42][7.43][7.44]

II.Materials And Methods :

formulation of herbal oil

Karanj oil (Pongamia glabra) was obtained from Guapha Pharmaceutical.Turmeric used of organic pice
resources limited kolhapur.Menthol was purchased from kelvin natural mint private limited bureilly. Neem oil
used of Padmavati Chemical Banglore.

Weighed quantity of turmeric ,camphor,and menthol triturated ingredient in required amount of karanja oil,
neem oil is added to make 15ml of oil.the final formulation was packed in the well labeled container.

BATCH RECORD-

Sr.No. Karanj Neem Camphor Turmeric Menthol

a Oil oil

A QS 1.4ml 0.85gm 0.12gm 0.10gm

B 10ml QS 0.35gm 0.13gm 0.10gm

C QS 1.4ml 0.45gm 0.80gm 0.11gm

D QS 1.5ml 0.45gm 0.13gm 0.10gm

E QS 1.5ml 0.65gm 0.28gm 0.17gm

FINAL FORMULATION TABLE-

Sr.No. Ingredients Quantity Given Quantity Taken

1 Karanj Oil 1000ml Q.S.

2 Neem Oil 100ml 1.5ml

3 Camphor 30gm 0.45gm

4 Turmeric 9gm 0.13gm

5 Menthol 5gm 0.10gm

Evaluation test for herbal oil-

1) Sensitivity Test - Prepared oil applied to 1 cm in hand skin and placed in the sun for 4-5 minutes.
2) Irritation Test - Prepared oil is applied to the skin of the hand or under the ear of the ear. Check for irritation
if possible.
3) pH- The pH of the herbal Oil is determined using a pH meter.
4) Solubility-Herbal oil solubility was significantly tested in distilled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone,
chloroform.weigh 1gm of the drug transferred to a clean and dry test tube followed by the addition of solvent
and stirring. intensity and solubility of the drug were significantly tested.
5) Grittiness-The strength of herbal oils was assessed by physical appearance.
6) Viscosity-Viscosity is made using a brookfield viscometer.
7) Specific Gravity-Specific gravity is diluted with distilled water, dried in a hot air oven for 15 minutes, cooled,
rated as (a). Now the same bottle of gravity was filled with a sample, and weighed (b). The weight of the sample
per milliliter is determined by subtraction weights (b-a).
8) Saponification Value-Accurately measure 1 ml or oil in 250 ml of conical flask, a mixture of 10 ml of ethanol
ether as a ratio of 2: 1 is added. In this case 25 ml of 0.5N of KOH alcohol was added and kept undisturbed for
30 mi cooling flask. amount of oil saponification.
Formula: Saponification Value = 56.1 (B-S) N / W
9) Acid Value-0.1M solution solution- measured by 0.56g KOH pellets and dissolved in 100ml of distilled water
and stirred continuously.Mixed 0.1M KOH solution is filled in burette.Sample adjustment- u -10 ml of oil was
weighed and diluted with 50 ml of 1: 1 mixture of ethanol and ether and diluted vigorously.1ml of
phenolphthalein solution was then added.
[8][8.1][8.2][8.3][8.4][8.5][8.6][8.7][8.7][8.8][8.9][8.10][8.12][8.13[8.14][8.15]

RESULT AND CONCLUSION-

Nature has been a good source of medicinal plant since ancient time. At present, many modern drugs have been
isolated from the plant source. Karanja has been recognized as a medicinal plant in a traditional system for the
treatment of various skin diseases of human beings. Many scientific studies have proved the pharmacological
activities of the P. pinnata such as, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-lice, and
many more. Apart from this other ingredients like Neem oil, Camphor, Turmeric and Menthol Used as blood
purifier and antimicrobial,for appearance of skin,Bactericidal,and Flavouring agent respectively enhance the
herbal Oil properties and gives synergistic effect. Conclusively this Herbal Oil is proved to be a multipurpose oil
with good economic value.

Role of herbs in herbal oil :

Ingredients Importance

Karanja oil Anti bacterial,Anti-inflammatory,soothening effect

Neem oil Antimicrobial,blood purifier,preservative

Camphor Cooling effect

Turmeric Bactericidal,antiseptic

Menthol Masking agent

Evaluation of herbal oil :

Sr.No. Evaluation Parameters Inference

1 Sensitivity test No sensitivity

2 Irritation test No irritation

3 pH 6.4

4 Grittiness Smooth

5 viscosity 35.64cP

6 Specific gravity 0.922

7 Saponification value 184.56

8 Acid value 6.73

9 Colour Yellowish Red

10 Odour Characteristics

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