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Curshman spirals are whorled mucus

plugs.

Curshman spirals

2 causes of bronchiectasis :
Obstruction & infection.
Can lead to Amyloidosis (AA).

Bronchiectasis

Anthracosis shows black pigmentation

(carbon deposition) on lymph node
biopsy.

Anthracosis

Collagen nodule is usually seen in Silicosis.

silicosis - MC occupational lung disease.
Xray shows egg shell calcification.

Collagen nodule

Asbestosis : yellow coloured plaque - pleural

plaque seen on lungs.
Asbestos fibres : Sepentine & amphibole
(more carcinogenic).
Feruginous bodies / Asbestos bodies -
Beaded, Fusiform, Dumb Pleural plaque
bell shaped ; Asbestos
fibres coated with iron.

Asbestos bodies
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Sarcoidosis :
Epitheloid cells (Activated
macrophages surrounded by a collar
of lymphocytes) have slipper shaped
nuclei.
Giant cells & epitheloid cells
Non- caseating granuloma (naked -
abscence of lymphocytic collar) is
seen in Sarcoidosis.
Asteroid body is star shaped
inclusion in the giant cell.
Schauman body (composed of Asteroid body
calcium) appears basophillic in the
giant cell. Epitheloid cells Lymphocytes

TB produces caseating granuloma

(mostly).
Epitheloid cells surrounded by
lymphocytic collar.

Langerhan giant cells with necklace/

horse shoe shaped arrangement of
nuclei are seen in TB.

Langerhan giant cells

Squamous cell Carcinoma shows Keratin
pearls (pink in colour) & Desmosomes (on
high power).
Immunohistological Marker _- _cytokeratin.
______

keratin pearls
Adenocarcinoma shows glands lined by
pleomorphic cells.

Adenocarcinoma
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Bronchio-alveolar Cancer shows Filigree/

Lepidic / Butterflies on a fence pattern.
Bronchio-alveolar Cancer is also known as
adenocarcinoma in situ.
Filigree pattern
Small cell lung cancers shows Nuclear
Moulding & azzopardi effect.
History of smoking & paraneoplastic
syndromes present.
Small cell lung cancer has poor prognosis.
Nuclear moulding in
Basophillic staining of vessel wall - small cell lung cancer
Azzopardi effect.
Markers :
• Neuron specific enolase.
• Synaptophycin.
• Chromogranin. Azzopardi effect

Large cell carcinoma - highly pleiomorphic

cells

Carcinoid syndrome - salt & pepper Large cell lung cancer

chromatin in nuclei (seen in all
neuroendocrine tumors).
Markers :
• Neuron specific enolase.
• Synaptophycin.
Salt & pepper chromatin
• Chromogranin.

Breast

Paget cells show perinuclear halo.

Pagets disease is also
seen in vulva.
Paget's disease in breast
implies malignancy.
DD : Eczema (B/L) ; Paget cells
Biopsy is required for confirmation.