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 Optics
(Ray and Wave)
Complete theory
 OPTICS

Ray optics Wave optics

Ray optics
 LAWS OF REFLECTION

1. Angle of incidence( i) = angle of

reflection( r)
2. Incident ray, normal and
reflected ray lie in the same
plane

normal
incident reflected ray
ray

mirror
REAL AND VIRTUAL IMAGE
PLANE MIRROR
IMAGE FORMED BY INCLINED MIRRORS
 IMAGE FORMED BY INCLINED MIRRORS

Number of images formed by two inclined mirrors

Q. A light bulb is placed between two plane
mirror inclined at an angle 600. The number
of images formed are

A 6

B 2

C 5

D 4
Q. To get 9 images of a single object, one
should have two plane mirrors at an angle of

A 300

B 360

C 900

D 1500
JEE MAIN 2021 CRASH COURSE
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SPHERICAL MIRROR
 SPHERICAL MIRROR

R = radius of curvature

P = pole

C = centre of curvature
SPHERICAL MIRROR
 Formation of image
Add ray 1
p

Add ray 2
p

Form the
image p

Check by
drawing p
ray 3
Location and nature of image
Location and nature of image
Sign convention
Mirror equation
Magnification

ho

hi
Q. An object is placed at 20 cm from a convex mirror
of focal length 10 cm. The image formed by a mirror is

A Real and at 20 cm from the mirror

B Virtual and at 20 cm from the mirror

C Virtual and at cm from the mirror

D Real and at cm from the mirror

Q. A 2 cm high object is placed on the principal axis of a
concave mirror at a distance of 12 cm from the pole. If
the image is inverted, real and 5 cm high. The location of
the image and the focal length of the mirror is

A 30 cm, 8.6 cm C 30 cm, 10 cm

B 8.6 cm, 30 cm D 10 cm, 30 cm
Agnification
Refraction
Refraction

Medium 1

Medium 2
Refraction
Snell's law
Q. A ray of light incident at an angle of incidence
600 on a refracting surface. If the reflected and
refracted rays are perpendicular to each other,
the refractive index of the medium is

D
Q6. If refractive indices of glass and water are
respectively , refractive index of glass w.r.t.
Water is

A 2

D
Normal shift

da
Q. A mark at the bottom of a liquid appears
to rise by 0.1 m. The depth of the liquids is 1
m. The refractive index of the liquid is

A 1.33

D 1.5
 TIR
For a light ray travelling from optically denser to rarer medium, if
angle of incidence is greater than critical angle, light is reflected back
in the same medium. This phenomenon is known as total internal
reflection.
Q. The velocities of light in two different
media are 2 × 108 m/s and 2.5 × 108 m/s
respectively. The critical angle for these
media is

D
LENSES
LENS FORMULA
Q. A candle placed 25 cm from a lens, forms
an image on a screen 75 cm on the other
side of the lens. The focal length and type of
the lens should be

A 18.75 cm, convex lens C 20.25 cm, convex lens

B 18.75 cm, concave lens D 20.25 cm, concave lens

LENS MAKER FORMULA
Q. A diverging lens of radii of curvatures 25
cm and 50 cm has a refractive index 1.5. Its
focal length is (in cm)

A -50

B -100

C 100

D 50
Q. Radius of curvature of first surface of double
convex lens is three times that of the other. If
focal length of the lens is 30 cm and refractive
index of the lens is 3/2, then radius of curvature
of the first surface is

A 20 cm
B 40 cm
C 60 cm
D 80 cm
COMBINATION OF LENS
Q. A convex lens of power + 6D is placed in
contact with a concave lens of power - 4D. The
nature and focal length of the combination is

A Concave, 25 cm C Concave, 20 cm

B Convex, 50 cm D Convex, 100 cm

Wave optics
 HUYGENS WAVE THEORY
Wavefront: it is the locus of all the particles of the
medium which are in same phase. A point source gives
rises to spherical wavefront.
 Types of wavefront

Line source

Cylindrical
wavefront
 Types of wavefront
Source at infinity

Plane
wavefront
 Huygens principle
Every point on a wavefront acts like a secondary
source and sends out a spherical wave called
secondary wave.
 Coherent waves

Same frequency and same phase

Coherent

Same frequency but different phases

Incoherent

Different frequency and different phases

Incoherent
Path difference and phase difference
 Interference
Superposition principle: When two or more waves meet at
a point, the resultant wave has a displacement which is
the algebraic sum of the displacements of each wave.
Q. The displacements of two interfering light
waves are y1 = 4 sin t and y2 = 3 cos(t). The
amplitude of the resultant wave is (y1 and y2
are in CGS system)
A 5 cm

B 7 cm

C 1 cm

D Zero
Constructive and destructive interference
Constructive and destructive interference
Q. The intensity ratio of two waves is 9 : 1. If
they produce interference, the ratio of
maximum to minimum to intensity will be

A 4:1

B 2:1

C 9:1

D 3:2
YDSE
supercool visualization
 YDSE
Condition for bright and dark fringes:

D
 YDSE
Fringe width 𝛃 :

D
Q. In Young’s double slit experiment with a
monochromatic light of wavelength 4000Å, the
fringe width is found to be 0.4 mm. When the
slits are now illuminated with a light of
wavelength 5000Å the fringe width will be

A 0.32 mm
B 0.5 mm
C 0.6 mm
D 0.8 mm
Q. In Young’s double slit interference experiment
the wavelength of light used is 6000Å. If the path
difference between waves reaching a point P on
the screen is 1.5 microns, then at that point P

A Second bright band occurs

B Second dark band occurs
C Second dark band occurs
D Third bright band occurs
Q. In Young’s double slit interference experiment
the wavelength of light used is 6000Å. If the path
difference between waves reaching a point P on
the screen is 1.5 microns, then at that point P
Q. In young double slit experiment the nth
red band coincides with (n + 1)th blue bright
band. If the wavelength of red and blue
lights are 6000Å and 4500Å, the value of ‘n’ is

A 1

B 2

C 3

D 4
diffraction
 diffraction
Diffraction depends on two factors :
(i) Size of obstacles or aperture
(ii) Wavelength of the wave
Fraunhofer diffraction

Minima

Central
maximum

Secondary
maxima
 Fraunhofer diffraction
Minima :
 Fraunhofer diffraction
Secondary maxima:
 Fraunhofer diffraction
Central maximum width:
Q. A slit of width ‘a’ is illuminated by while
light. The first minimum for red light (λ =
6500Å) will fall at θ = 30o. Then ‘a’ will be

A 3250 Å

B 12 × 10-7 m

C 6.5 × 10-4 mm

D 2.6 × 10-4 mm
Q. A parallel beam of monochromatic light of
wavelength 6000Å is incident normally on a
narrow slit of width of 0.002 mm. The light is
focussed by a convex lens on a screen placed
on a focal plane. The first minimum is formed
for the angle of diffraction equal to

A 0o
B 15o
C sin-1 (3)
D 60o
Q. Light of wavelength 5000Å is incident on a
slit of width 0.1 mm. Find out the width of the
central bright line on a screen distance 2 m
from the slit?

A 20 mm

B 40 mm

C 60 mm

D 80 mm
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JEE MAIN 2021 CRASH COURSE
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4. Amazing tricks & tips to crack JEE Main 2021 Questions in

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with you
JEE MAIN 2021 CRASH COURSE
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