Algebra VII - 07 09 15

nana jafariZe, nani wulaia, maia wilosani
algebra
VII klasi
Tbilisi
2015
saxelmZRvanelo Seqmnilia ssip vladimir komarovis Tbilisis fizika-
maTematikis #199 sajaro skolis pedagogebis avtorobiT, gankuTvnilia
fizika-maTematikis skolebis me-7 klaselTaTvis.
avtorebi: nana jafariZe, nani wulaia, maia wilosani
redaqtori: malxaz jinWaraZe _ komarovis skolis direqtoris

moadgile, maTematikis pedagogi
kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: maia feiqriSvili
wigni warmoadgens ssip vladimir komarovis Tbilisis fizika-

maTematikis №199 sajaro skolis sakuTrebas.
ssip vladimir komarovis Tbilisis fizika-maTematikis

№199 sajaro skola
misamarTi: vaJa-fSavelas gamziri, 49
el.fosta: tbilisi199@mes.gov.ge, v.komarovi199@gmail.com
skolis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia wignis gadabeWdva,

aslis damzadeba da realizacia.
rogor visargebloT wigniT
wignze muSaoba rom gagiadvildeT, mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT gagacnoT

wignis agebuleba.
wigni Sedgeba Tavebisagan, xolo TiToeuli Tavi _ paragrafebisgan. yovel
TavSi mocemulia testebi rubrikiT `Seamowme Seni codna~. testebze muSaoba
dagexmarebaT TviTSemowmebasa da Seswavlili masalis ganmtkicebaSi. wignSi
ganmartebebi dabeWdilia muqi SriftiT, xolo Tvisebebi, formulebi, zogi-
erTi saWiro daskvna _ ferad fonSi.
TiTqmis yovel TavSi mocemulia am TavSi gadmocemul masalasTan dakav-
Sirebuli saintereso Tema. yovel paragrafSi SexvdebiT zogierTs Semdegi
niSnebidan:
?  – umartivesi kiTxvebi, romelTac axali masalis

procesSi Tavad moswavlem unda gasces pasuxi;
axsnis
– wyvilebSi samuSao;
* – SedarebiT rTuli amocana;
g – savarjiSoebi, romelic emsaxureba gavlili masalis

gameorebas;
s.f.* – sagulisxmo faqti.
wignis bolos mocemulia amocanebis pasuxebi da Semoklebuli

aRniSvnebisTvis gamoyenebuli maTematikuri niSnebi. gTavazobT agreTve
zomis erTeulebs, laTinur da berZnul anbans, damxmare literaturis
CamonaTvals da sarCevs.
gisurvebT warmatebebs!
I Tavi
1. VI klasSi Seswavlili
masalis gameoreba
1. wiladebi da maTze moqmedebani
1. wiladis ZiriTadi Tviseba: wiladis sidide ar Seicvleba, Tu

mis mricxvelsa da mniSvnels gavamravlebT an gavyofT erTsa
da imave naturalur ricxvze.
magaliTad: 5 = 25 ; 18 3 .
=
8 40 24 4
2. wiladebis gasaerTmniSvnelianeblad saWiroa:

a) vipovoT mocemuli wiladebis mniSvnelebis (umciresi) saer-
To jeradi, romelic (umciresi) saerTo mniSvneli iqneba.
b) TiToeuli wiladisTvis vipovoT damatebiTi mamravli,
risTvisac saerTo mniSvneli gavyoT mocemuli wiladebis mniS-
vnelebze.
g) TiToeuli wiladis mniSvneli da mricxveli gavamravloT mis
damatebiT mamravlze.
1 1 1
magaliTad: , , . daviyvanoT umcires saerTo mniSvnelze.
6 15 20
1 10 1 4 1 3
u. s. j. (6;15;20)=60. = , = , = .
6 60 15 60 20 60
3. tolmniSvneliani wiladebi rom SevkriboT (gamovakloT),

saWiroa pirveli wiladis mricxvels davumatoT (gamovakloT)
meore wiladis mricxveli, mniSvneli ki igive davtovoT
magaliTad: 3 + 2 = 5 ; 7 3 4 1.
− = =
11 11 11 8 8 8 2
4. sxvadasxvamniSvneliani wiladebi rom SevkriboT (gamovakloT),

saWiroa:
a) es wiladebi gavaerTmniSvnelianoT.
b) SevkriboT (gamovakloT) isini tolmniSvneliani wiladebis
Sekrebis (gamoklebis) wesis mixedviT.
magaliTad: 8 + 7 = 32 + 21 = 53 = 1 17 .
9 12 36 36 36
5. Sereuli wiladebi rom SevkriboT, saWiroa, cal-calke Sevkri-

boT maTi mTeli da wiladi nawilebi.
6. Sereuli wiladebi rom gamovakloT, saWiroa cal-calke gamo-

vakloT maTi mTeli da wiladi nawilebi. Tu maklebis wiladi
nawili metia saklebis wilad nawilze, maSin saklebis erTi er-
Teuli unda gadavaqcioT arawesier wiladad.
4
magaliTad:
5 2 25 − 14 11 2 7 10 − 21 45 + 10 − 21 34
a) 2 − 1 = 1 = 1 ; b) 4 − 2 = 2 =1 =1 .
7 5 35 35 9 15 45 45 45
7. wiladebi rom gadavamravloT, saWiroa maTi mricxvelebis nam-
ravli davweroT mricxvelad, xolo mniSvnelebis namravli ki
_ mniSvnelad (Tu Sesakvecia, sasurvelia gadamravlebamde
SevkvecoT).
magaliTad: 12 ⋅ 34 = 4 ⋅ 2 = 8 .
17 39 13 13
8. wiladi rom wiladze gavyoT saWiroa gasayofi gavamravloT

gamyofis Sebrunebul ricxvze:
8 16 8 15 5 5
: = ⋅ = = .
9 15 9 16 3 ⋅ 2 6
9. Sereuli wiladebi rom gadavamravloT (gavyoT), saWiroa isini

jer gadavaqcioT arawesier wiladebad da Semdeg gadavamrav-
loT (gavyoT):
3 10 58 11 29 13
5 :2 = ⋅ = =1 .
11 11 11 32 16 16
10. aTwiladi rom Cveulebriv wiladad gadavaqcioT, saWiroa

mZime ukuvagdoT da miRebuli ricxvi davweroT mricxvelSi,
xolo mniSvnelSi ki davweroT ricxvi gamosaxuli 1-iT da
marjvniv miwerili imdeni nuliT, ramdeni aTwiladi niSanic
iyo aTwiladSi.
275 11 3
magaliTad: 2, 75 = = =2
100 4 4
11. Cveulebrivi wiladi rom aTwiladad gadavaqcioT, saWiroa

mricxveli gavyoT mniSvnelze.
3 7
a) =0,375; b) =0,35;
8 20
1 5 2
g) =0,166...; d) =0,555...; e) =0,181818... .
6 9 11
SevniSnoT, rom g), d) da e) SemTxvevaSi gayofis procesi
usasrulod grZeldeba. aseT aTwiladebs perioduli
aTwiladebi ewodeba. 0,1666... perioduli aTwiladis CanawerSi
meordeba cifri 6. mas periods uwodeben, 0,166... ricxvs
mokled ase weren: 0,1(6). aseve 0,555...=0,(5). 0,1818...=0,(18).
12. Tu ukveci wiladis mniSvnels ar gaaCnia 2-isa da 5-isagan gan-

sxvavebuli martivi mamravli, maSin wiladi gadaiqceva sas-
rul aTwiladad. yvela sxva SemTxvevaSi miiReba perioduli
aTwiladi.
5
I Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
gamoiangariSeT:
1.
5 7 3 5
a) 2 5 + 3 3 ; b) 7 - 5 ; g) 7 - 3 2 ; d) 2 + ; e) 7 + 1 ;
9 4 8 6 9 6 8 4 12
3 7 5 3 5 8 7
v) 8 - 2 ; z) 8 - ; T) 7 - 4 ; i) 7 - 5 ; k) 3 - .
8 9 11 4 6 17 12
2.
3 5 57 74 5
a) 9 ⋅ 5 ; b) ⋅ 4 ; g) ⋅ 39 ; d) ⋅ ; e) 23 ⋅ ;
10 6 24 26 37 85 69
8 9
v) 7 ⋅ 12 ; z) 5 ⋅ 2 1 ; T) 6 2 ⋅ 10 1 ; i) 14 ⋅ 6 6 ; k) ⋅1 .
30 5 9 8 15 11 15 16
3.
3 5 1 7 3
a) 3 1 : 2 ; b) 4 : 3 1 ; g) 4 : 3 ; d) : ; e) 1 : 1 ; v) 7 1 : 4 3 ;
2 3 15 5 4 9 3 9 5 8 4
1  2 4 3 5 5 1  1  2
z) 1 ⋅  8 : 1 − 3 + 1  − 1 ; T) 2 : 3 5 +  3 4 : 13  : 3 ;
3  3 9 8 8 6  
1 1 3 2 1 1  1 1 1 1   1 14 
i)  3 − 1 : 1 +  ⋅ 2 − 1 ; k)  + + +  ⋅  +  : 5 .
 15 15 5 5  7 7  2 4 8 6   3 15 
4.
5 7 4  1  5
a) : 0,125 + 1, 456 : + 4, 5 ⋅ ; b) 10 − 3, 75  2 + 1, 4  : 1 ;
16 25 5  3  9
 6 − 4 1  : 0, 03  0, 3 − 3  : 1 1
 2   20  2
g)  ; d)  .
 3 1 − 2, 65  ⋅ 4 + 2 1, 88 + 2 3  ⋅ 1
 20  5  25  80
  
5. a) 2 - 8 3 + 1 1 ; b) 5 2 : 3 1 2 4;
1 $2
3 23 4 6 9 9 5 5
g) 5 1 + 3 3 - 4 4 15 + 4 1 + 3 5 - 2 2 12 ;
5 10 15 127 4 6 3 13
d) 5 1 + 3 7 - 1 11 : 1 2 - 4 5 + 2 7 - 5 13 ·1 43 .
12 36 18 5 6 24 18 101
6
1. VI klasSi Seswavlili masalis gameoreba
2. ricxviTi gamosaxuleba. cvladiani gamosaxuleba
gamosaxulebas, romelic cvlads Seicavs, cvladiani gamosa

xuleba ewodeba.
gamosaxuleba SesaZloa Seicavdes erT an ramdenime cvlads.
2x(y+3), 3x 2–5xy+7 _ cvladiani gamosaxulebebia.
3 2 5 + 18 1 1 3
2 −1 ⋅ ; ; 1 − 2 : 3 _ ricxviTi gamosaxulebebia.
4 7 2 3 2 4
cxadia, nebismier ricxviT gamosaxulebas erTi garkveuli mniS-
vneloba aqvs.
cvladiani gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba rom vipovoT, gamosaxule-
baSi cvladis nacvlad am cvladis winaswar mocemuli mniSvneloba
unda CavsvaT.
savarjiSoebi:
1
1 ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba, Tu a=3, b= 5 , c=2,3.
a) 2a; b) 10b; g) 5c; d) 3,2a;
1 3
e) 5–b; v) a–1 3 ; z) b+3 10 ; T) 7–c;
i) 2a–1,5; k) 9–3b; l) 5c+7,2; m) 8b+3,1;
n) 4a+b; o) 17b–c; p) 0,5c+a; J) 15 a +b.
2 cnobilia, rom a da b cvladebis raRac mniSvnelobebisaTvis

a + b = 8. ra mniSvnelobas miiRebs a da b cvladebis imave mniSvn-
elobebisaTvis Semdegi gamosaxuleba.
2 ; 8 a+b + 4 .
a) b) a+b+ a + b ; g) 3(a+b); d) 2
a+b a+b
3 SeadgineT naxazze mocemuli CarCos farTobis gamo-

saTvleli gamosaxuleba.
4* CawereT cvladiani gamosaxuleba mocemuli mimdev-

robisaTvis:
a) 5·1, 5·2, 5·3, 5·4, 5·5, 5·6, . . . ;
b) 7+1, 7+2, 7+3, 7+4, 7+5, 7+6, . . . ;
g) 2·1+3, 2·2+3, 2·3+3, 2·4+3, 2·5+3, 2·6+3, . . . ;
d) 7·1 - 2 , 7·2 - 2 , 7·3 - 2 , 7·4 - 2 , 7·5 - 2 , 7·6 - 2 , . . . .
3·1 3·2 3·3 3·4 3·5 3·6
5 eqvsi wlis win ani P-jer ufrosi iyo nikaze. Tu ani axla 18 wlisaa, sami wertili
` . . . ~ niSnavs
ramdeni wlis aris nika (SeadgineT Sesabamisi gamosaxuleba)? ` da a.S. ~
6 meqoTne erTi doqis gaakeTebas a saaTs undeba, xolo erT qo-
Tans igi a saaTSi amzadebs. ramden saaTSi daamzadebs meqoTne
2
10 doqsa da 6 qoTans?
7
I Tavi
7 SeadgineT ricxviTi gamosaxuleba, romlis mniSvneloba 7-is tolia

8
ise, rom gamoiyenoT:
a) mxolod erTi moqmedeba; b) gayofa da gamravleba;
g) Sekreba da gamokleba; d) Sekreba da gayofa.
8 mocemulia ori ricxvi 18 da 12. SeadgineT da iangariSeT:

a) udidesi ricxvisa da am ricxvebis kvadratebis sxvaobis namravli;
b) udidesis umciresze gayofis naSTis namravli am ricxvebis naxe-
varjamze;
g) udidesisa da am ricxvebis jamis naxevris jami;
d) am ricxvebis namravlisa da ganayofis sxvaoba.
9 ipoveT: a) wamebis raodenoba a saaTSi;
b) wuTebis raodenoba x dReRameSi;
g) siCqare metr/wuTebSi, Tu es siCqare x km/sT-is tolia;
d) siCqare km/sT-Si, Tu es siCqare tolia a m/wm-is.
10 daamtkiceT, rom gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba 0-is tolia:
a)
( )
10–1,6: 0,4–0,4· 3
5 ; (
1 – 5 1 – 0,8· 1
b) 9 9 3
)
6 .
3,5·1,24 4,2:2 – 1
11 a sm da b sm marTkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebia, P sm misi perime-

tria, S sm2 _ farTobia. SeavseT cxrili:
a 1 2 4 1,2 0,8
b 1 3,5 2 1 2
3 9
P 14 3,6 44
9
S 12 7 0,48
3
12 SeadareT a2 – b2 da (a–b)(a+b) gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi, Tu

a) a=17, b=13; b) a=2,8, b=1,4;
g) a=5, b=4; d) a=3,2, b=1,2.
13 SeadareT a –2ab+b da a–b gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi, Tu:

2 2
a–b
a) a=13, b=12; b) a=5,4, b=2,3;
g) a=1,8, b=0,2; d) a=8, b=3.
14 gamosaxulebaSi 7·6+24:3–2 CasviT frCxilebi ise, rom mniSvneloba
gamovides: a) udidesi; b) umciresi.
15 SeadgineT ricxviTi gamosaxuleba, romlis mniSvneloba tolia 100-is
ise, rom gamoiyeneT qvemoT CamoTvlili cifrebi rigis Seucvlelad:
a) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; b) xuTi erTiani;
g) xuTi xuTiani d) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
16 SeadgineT ricxviTi gamosaxuleba ise, rom gamoiyenoT mxolod oTxi
oTxiani da misi mniSvneloba toli iyos:
0-is, 1-is, 2-is, 3-is, 4-is, 5-is, 6-is, 7-is, 8-is, 9-is, 10-is.
8
1. VI klasSi Seswavlili masalis gameoreba
3. ariTmetikul moqmedebaTa Tvisebebi
nebismieri a, b da c ricxvebisaTvis sruldeba:

1. gadanacvlebadobis Tviseba:
a) a + b = b + a SekrebisaTvis
b) ab = ba gamravlebisaTvis
2. jufTebadobis Tviseba: msgavsi wevrebi rom

SevkriboT, saWiroa
a) (a + b) + c = a + (b + c) SekrebisaTvis SevkriboT maTi
koeficientebi,
b) (ab)c = a(bc) gamravlebisaTvis asoiTi nawili ki
ucvlelad gada
3. ganrigebadobis Tviseba: vitanoT.
a(b+c)=ab+ac jamisTvis
a(b–c)=ab–ac sxvaobisTvis
savarjiSoebi:
1 gamoTvaleT yvelaze racionaluri xerxiT:
a) 2,24+8,13+5,76+2,87; b) 2,14+3,15–1,14+4,85;
g) 7,27–8,12+9,73–1,88–1,5; d) 4,08–3,75+3,92–2,25;
3 3 1
e) 8 7 – 2 4 + 5 47 – 1 4 ; v) 3,76 · 7,81 · 0 · 37;
z) 2·57·5; T) 4·78·25; i) 3,75 · 0,125 · 2 · 8;
k) 0,6·3,4·5; l) 0,5·7,1·20; m) 1,25·8,91·8.
2 isargebleT ganrigebadobis TvisebiT da SeasruleT moqmedeba:

2 1
a) 5,8·2,7+5,8·1,3; b) 52·35; g) 4 3 ·6; d) 4 2 ·8;
e) 7·0,32+7·0,18; v) 39·45; z) 31·62; T) 3 5 ·4.
12
3 gaamartiveT:
a) 2,7a·3,1; b) 12,5m·2n; g) 3(n+5);
d) 8(10+n); e) 4,5(8–n); v) 8(2n+0,2);
3
z) 2 43 x·7 11 ; T) 1 (8n+16); i) 2( 1 x– 12 ).
4 3
4 gaamartiveT gamosaxuleba da gamoTvaleT misi mniSvneloba,

roca m=0,1 da n=2.
a) 4m+7n–2,1n; b) 17,58m–5,105m+7n;
g) 19 16 n - 3 23 n + 9m ; d) 31 29 n + 4 12
5 + 5 - 2
m 5
18
1
3 .
9
I Tavi
5 gaxseniT frCxilebi da SeaerTeT msgavsi wevrebi:

a) 3x+2(4x–1); b) 5+0,3(3x–2);
g) 5(t+2)+3(2t–1); d) 4(2x+2)+2x–1.
6 gaamartiveT gamosaxuleba:
a) 3a+7a; b) 4b+9b; g) 8a–4a;
d) 10x–4x; e) 7,8x+4,5x; v) 257,05a–18,3a;
1 3
z) 2 a + 1 1 a - 1 b ; T) 4 m + m - 4 n ; i) 5 x + 1 1 x 3 1 ;
3 3 3 6 3 4 4
k) 3,7a+4,1b–3,4b; l) 18,27x–5,4x+7y; m) 37,01b+4,9a–3,18a.
7 gadaixazeT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili rveulSi da SeavseT:
a) x y 2x 4y 2x–4y+7 b) u v 3(u+v) 2uv 3(u+v)–2uv
3 0 6 0 13 3 2 15 12 3
1,5 0,25 3 0 10 5 1 18 10 8
1 3 3
4 2 8 0 15 2 2 6 2 4,5
8 ipoveT naxazze mocemuli oTx- 2a

kuTxedis perimetri, Tu a to-
lia: a 3a
a) 3,1 dm; b) 2,4 sm;
g)5,02 sm; d) 4 dm.
5a
9* arsebobs Tu ara naturaluri ricxvi, romlis cifrebis nam-

ravlia 588?
10 gamoiyeneT 3-jer cifri 2 da SeadgineT gamosaxuleba, rom-

lis mniSvneloba tolia:
a) 6; b) 8; g) 3; d) 1; e) 0; v) 11; z) 20.
11 cnobilia, rom a da b cvladebis romeliRac mniSvnelobisT-

vis a–b=1,2. risi tolia:
a) 5(a–b); b) 1 ; g) 3a–3b+(a–b)2; d) 2 + a–b .
a–b a–b 2
12 dawereT 7-is jeradi ricxvis formula. formulis mixedviT
ipoveT 7-is jeradi sami samniSna ricxvi.
10
2. gamosaxulebaTa
mniSvnelobebis Sedareba
1. ori avtomanqana erTdroulad gav-

ida Tbilisidan erTi da imave mimar
TulebiT. pirveli moZraobda 60 km/sT,
meore ki _ 70 km/sT siCqariT. romeli av-
Tbilisi
tomanqana ufro Sors iqneba Tbilisidan
3 sT-is Semdeg da ramdeni kilometriT?
amoxsna:
3 saaTSi I avtomanqana gaivlida 3·60=180 180 km
km-s, xolo meore – 3·70=210 km-s. radgan 210 km
210 km metia, vidre 180 km, amitom
Tbilisidan ufro Sors II avtomanqana
iqneba. Tan 210 – 180 = 30 km-iT.
2. nika 1974 wlis 26 maiss daibada, misi da nato ki – 1976 wlis 26

maiss. CamoTvlili winadadebebidan romelia WeSmariti da rom-
eli mcdari?
a) nato da nika asakiT tolebi arian;
b) nato ufrosia nikaze;
g) nato umcrosia nikaze.
cxadia, radgan nika 2 wliT adre daibada vidre nato, amitom WeSma
riti iqneba g) winadadeba. danarCeni ori ki – mcdari.
yoveli ori a da b ricxvisaTvis marTebulia erT-erTi Sem

degi sami Tanafardobidan, danarCeni ori ki – mcdari.
sityvierad: simboloTi:
a naklebia b-ze a < b
a metia b-ze a > b
a udris b-s a = b
`<~ da `>~ simboloebs utolobis niSnebi ewodeba.
or gamosaxulebas, SeerTebuls `<~ an `>~ niSniT,

utoloba ewodeba.
magaliTad, 2·80 < 7·50 – ricxviTi utolobaa.
CavweroT utolobis saxiT:

1) temperatura zafxulSi 25 gradusze meti da 40 gradusze naklebi
iyo. Tu temperaturas t asoTi aRvniSnavT, miviRebT, rom t>25° da
t<40°-ze. 11
I Tavi
miRebuli ori utoloba SesaZlebelia erTi, egreTwodebuli, or-
Canaweri
magi utolobis saxiT ase CavweroT:
28 > a < 40
arasworia! 25° < t < 40°.
2) moswavleTa raodenoba skolis nebismier klasSi ar aris naklebi
28-ze da ar aRemateba 40-s.
moswavleTa raodenoba ar aris naklebi 28-ze niSnavs, rom klasSi
SesaZlebelia iyos 28 an 28-ze meti moswavle da Tu moswavleTa ra-
odenobas n-iT aRvniSnavT, maSin SegviZlia CavweroT: n>28 an n=28,
rac mokled ase Caiwereba: n ≥ 28.
moswavleTa raodenoba ar aRemateba 40-s, niSnavs, rom klasSi
SesaZlebelia iyos 40 an 40-ze naklebi moswavle, e. i. n<40 an n=40.
am SemTxvevaSi ki weren: n ≤ 40.
miRebuli ori utoloba, n ≤ 40 da n ≥ 28, ormagi utolobis saxiT
ase Caiwereba: 28 ≤ n ≤ 40.
utolobebs, romlebic > an < niSnebiTaa Sedgenili, mkacri
utolobebi ewodeba, xolo ≥ an ≤ niSnebiT Sedgenils _ aramkacri
utolobebi.
amocana.
SeadareT a + b da 2a – b gmosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi, Tu:
a) a = 0 da b = 0; b) a = 2 da b = 3; g) a = 8 da b = 2.
amoxsna:
a) a + b = 0 + 0 = 0, 2a – b = 2·0 – 0 = 0.
e.i. roca a = b = 0, maSin a + b = 2a – b.
b) a + b = 2 + 3 = 5, 2a – b = 2·2 – 3 = 1.
e.i. roca a = 2 da b = 3, maSin a + b > 2a – b.
g) a + b = 8 + 2 = 10, 2a – b = 2·8 – 2 = 14.
roca a = 8 da b = 2, maSin a + b < 2a – b.
savarjiSoebi:
1 daalageT zrdis mixedviT:

a) 0,15; 0,1; 0,149; b) 0,713; 0,710; 0,719;
g) 12,0; 12,18; 12,01; d) 13,09; 12,18; 13,1;
e) 6,25; 6,21; 6,29; v) 18,239; 18,219; 18,241.
2 SeadareT erTmaneTs gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi:
a) 5,2·12,4 da 15,3·5,1; b) 2 + 15 da 3 +1; g) 63· 57 da 63: 52 ;

3 2
d) 1 · 18 da 0;
3
e) 8,36 da 8,36· 4 ; v) 3,07 da 3,07·1,29;
7
3 1
z) 5,01 da 5,01: 4 ; T) 21,005 da 21,005·1,29; i) 5 ·0,35 da 0,35;
1 1
k) 127,05·1,5 da 127,05; l) 37,8· 7 da 37,8; m) 105,4: 4 da 105,4.
12
2. gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebis Sedareba
3 SeadareT erTmaneTs Semdeg gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi:

a) 14–3x da 15+2x, roca x = 3; 1; 2,5.
b) 3a+21 da 4a+15, roca a = 5; 6; 7.
g) 2a+5 da 2a–3, roca a = 2; 3; 10.
4 CawereT ormagi utolobis saxiT:

a) 2m > 5 da 2m < 10; g) x metia 8-ze da naklebia 9-ze;
b) 3n + 1 ≤ 3 da 3n + 1 > 3; d) 2a ar aRemateba 18-s da metia 12-ze.
5 erTma avtomobilma gaiara 700 km x sT-Si, meorem 630 km y sT-Si.

SeadareT avtomobilebis siCqareebi, Tu:
a) x=12,5 y=10,5; b) x=y=14.
6 SeadareT a da b ricxvebi, Tu:

1 + 3 + 6 da b= 1 ;
a) a= 383 2 + 13 + 5 da b= 1 .
b) a= 477
384 385 38 478 479 24
7 gakveTilis bolos moswavlebma maswavlebels davalebisa da g

sakontrolo weris rveulebi Caabares, sul 49 cali. yvela mo-
swavlem Caabara Tu ara orive rveuli?
8 daasaxeleT 3-is jeradi ricxvi, romelic iyofa 20-ze.
9 ramdeni samSabaTi iyo im TveSi, romlis 5 ricxvi iyo samSabaTi.
10 wris ra nawilia daStrixuli?
11 amoxseniT gantoleba:
a) ((2(x+1)+10):5+8)·3–6=30.
b) (((((5x+7):2–1):2+25):3+4)·5=70.
12 mocemulia naturalur ricxvTa mimdevroba: 6; 11; 16; 21; 26 ...

daakvirdiT mas da gamoTqviT varaudi, ra kanonzomiere-
biTaa es mimdevroba Sedgenili. ekuTvnis Tu ara am mimdev-
robas ricxvebi: 91; 125; 137; 226?
13
I Tavi
3. ricxvis naturaluri xarisxi
1. mefes sami Svili hyavda. ramdeni memkvidrisgan

(35,12,37)
(65,72,97)
(91,60,109)
)
9)
,137)
(45,28,53)
(7,24, 25
(65,48,73)
5)
(39,30,8
Sedgeba mefis meoTxe Taoba, Tu CavTvliT, rom misi

(33,54,6
(65,88
STamomavlebis yovel warmomadgenels sami Svili hy-

(21, 20, 29)
(5, 12, 13)
avda?
(15, 8, 7)
erTi da imave Tanamamravlebis namravli SegviZlia

CavweroT gamosaxulebis saxiT, romelsac xarisxi
ewodeba. magaliTad, 7·7·7·7·7=7 5.
(3, 4, 5)
a ricxvis n naturaluri xarisxi – an, sadac n>1,

ewodeba n cali ricxvis namravls, romelTagan
TiToeuli a-s tolia. a-s xarisxis fuZe ewodeba,
n-s _ xarisxis maCvenebeli.
101 = 10
102 = 100 miRebulia, rom a1 = a .
103 = 1 000
104 = 10 000 = 10 aTasi moyvanili magaliTis SemTxvevaSi 7 xarisxis fuZea, 5 _ xarisxis
105 = 100 000 = 100 aTasi
106 = 1 milioni maCvenebeli.
109 = 1000 milioni =
= 1 miliardi xarisxi a fuZiTa da n maCvenebliT Semdegnairad iwereba _ an,
1012 = 1000 miliardi =
= 1 trilioni
xolo ikiTxeba à xarisxad n~, an à-s n xarisxi~.
1015 = 1000 trilioni = xarisxis ganmartebidan,
= 1 kvadrilioni a2 = a · a; a3 = a · a · a; a4 = a · a · a · a.
1018 = 1000 kvadrilioni =
= 1 kvintilioni
zogadad, a n = a·a·...·a .
1 44 2 4
43
- n jer
a sm
ricxvis xarisxis povnas xarisxSi ayvanas an axarisxebas uwodeben.
a sm 34 = S
3·3·3·3 . 03 = 0·0·0 = 0.
kvadratis farTobia:
S = a2 (kv. sm)
? 4 - jer
73 = S
7·7·7 . 81 = 8.
3 - jer
3 sm
 daasaxeleT xarisxis fuZe, xarisxis maCvenebeli da gamoTvaleT:
a) 35; b) 24; g) 53.
3 sm  SeasruleT moqmedeba: 3·5 2·22 – 2·43 + 7.
3 sm
kubis moculoba: SevTanxmdeT, rom me-2 xarisxs `kvadrati~ vuwodoT,
V = 33 = 27 sm3 me-3 xarisxs _ `kubi~.
14
orniSna ricxvi aRvniS
noT ab , maSin ab =10a+b.
xarisxis ganmartebis Semdeg SegviZlia mravalniSna ricxvi saTan-
rigo Sesakrebebad Semdegnairad CavweroT: a b c samniSna ricxvi.
27865=2·10000+7·1000+8·100+6·10+5=2·10 4+7·103+8·102+6·10+5.
erTeulebi
aTeulebi
aseulebi
magaliTi.
ipoveT 144-isa da 80-is udidesi saerTo gamyofi da umciresi
saerTo jeradi. abc = 100a + 10b + c
275 = 2 · 100 + 7 · 10 + 5
amoxsna:
144 2
144 240 72 2
144 = 2·2·3·2·2·3 = 2 ·3 . 4 2
36 2
240 = 3·2·2·2·2·5 = 24·3·5. 18 2
12 · 12 24 · 10
9 3
3 3
2·2·3 · 2·2·3 3·2·2·2 · 2·5 1
e.i. 144 = 24 · 32 144 = 24 · 32

240 = 24 · 3 · 5 240 = 24 · 3 · 5
u.s.g. (144;240) = 2 4 · 3 = 48 u.s.j. (144;240) = 2 4 · 32 · 5 = 720
 ganxiluli sqemis mixedviT aRwereT mocemuli ricxvebis

? udidesi saerTo gamyofisa da umciresi saerTo jeradis
moZebnis xerxebi.
imetyvele sworad!
a _ xarisxis fuZea a xarisxad 5

a
5
5 _ xarisxis maCvenebelia a
5
a-s mexuTe xarisxi
a _ xarisxia
5
a ayvanili mexuTe xarisxSi
savarjiSoebi:
1 ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba:
a) a4, Tu a=2; b) 0,01y4, Tu y=2; 3; 10;
g) b3, Tu b=0,1; d) 2b3+3, Tu b=11; 0; 15;
e) n4, Tu n=5; v) 3x3–4y2, Tu x=1 da y=2;
z) 30·a3+4,5·b4, Tu a=0,1 da b=10; T) 3x4+2x3–x2+8, Tu x=2.
2 gamoiangariSeT:
a) 24; g) 73; d) 42; e) ` 2 j ; v) 34.
4
b) (0,7)2;
3
3 gamoiangariSeT:
a) 34 – 1 ( 2 ) + 3·2 ;
2
3
b) 0,14 · 5 + 0,23 · 10 .
15
I Tavi
4 warmoadgineT:
81 ; 1 24 .
a) kvadratis saxiT ricxvi: 0,25; 144; 169 25
1m2 = 1m · 1m = 5 kvadratuli formis mindvris sigrZe 8 m-ia. ipoveT am min
= 100·100 sm2 =
dvris farTobi kvadratul metrebSi da Semdeg gamosaxeT igi
= 10000 sm2 =
= 104 sm2 kvadratul santimetrebSi.
6 ipoveT im kubis moculoba da zedapiris farTobi, romlis

wibos sigrZea: a) 5 sm; b) a sm.
7* kubis wibo a sm-ia. rogor Seicvleba misi moculoba, zedapiris

farTobi, Tu wibos sigrZes:
a) gavadidebT 3-jer, b) SevamcirebT 2-jer?
8 a) kubis waxnagis farTobi 25 sm2-ia. ipoveT kubis moculoba;

b) kubis moculoba 27 sm3-ia. ipoveT kubis waxnagis farTobi.
9 ipoveT a naturaluri ricxvi, YTu cnobilia, rom Semdegi sami

winadadebidan ori WeSmaritia da erTi mcdari:
a) a tolia erT-erTis Semdegi ricxvebidan: 11, 12, 13, 16;
b) a15-is bolo cifria 6;
g) a25-is 10-ze gayofis naSTia 5.
1;
10 a) daasaxeleT ricxvi, romlis kubi tolia: 1; 125; 8; 0,027; 64
b) daasaxeleT ricxvi, romlis mexuTe xarisxi tolia:
1; 32; 243; 100000.
ariTmetikis ZiriTa-
di Teorema: 11 mravalwertilis nacvlad CasviT utolobis niSani ise, rom
erTze meti yoveli n gamovides WeSmariti utoloba:
mTeli ricxvi iSleba a) a2 ... 0; b) (x+3)2 ... 0; g) x2 +3 ... 0;
martiv mamravlebad
da es daSla erTad d) x2 +y2 ... 0; e) (a+5)2 + (a–3)2 ... 0.
erTia.
12 ipoveT Semdegi ricxvebis umciresi saerTo jeradi da
udidesi saerTo gamyofi:
a) 36-is da 45-is; b) 40-is da 48-is; g) 72-is da 180-is;
d) 2 ·3 da 2 ·3 ·7 ;
5 7 6 4 6
e) 3 ·5 da 2 ·3 ;
4 11 4 5
v) 212·72 da 24·3·7.
g 13 daasaxeleT orniSna ricxvebi, romlebsac aqvT mxolod sami

gamyofi.
14 sul mcire ramdeni metri qsovili unda hqondes gamyidvels,

rom misi gayidva SeZlos rogorc sam-sami, ise xuT-xuTi me-
trobiT.
15 navsadguridan erTdroulad gadis 2 gemi. erTi yovel 6 TveSi

brundeba navsadgurSi, meore ki _ yovel 15 TveSi. ra drois
Semdeg aRmoCndeba orive gemi erTdroulad navsadgurSi.
16 roca giorgi 9 wlis gaxda, mamam dabadebis dReze aCuqa

yulaba, romelSic 1 lari iyo da dapirda, rom yovel momdev-
no dabadebis dReze yulabaSi Caagdebda 2-jer mets, vidre
wina dabadebis dRes. ra Tanxa eqneba giorgis, roca mas 20
16 weli Seusruldeba?
3. ricxvis naturaluri xarisxi
17 qvemoT mocemulia garkveuli kanonzomierebiT dalagebuli

naturaluri ricxvebi. daadgineT es kanonzomiereba da
gaagrZeleT mwkrivi sami elementiT (SesaZloa erTze meti
xerxiTac ki):
a) 1, 2, 4, . . . b) 2, 4, 8, . . . g) 1, 4, 9, . . .
d) 3, 9, 27, . . . e) 5, 25, 125, . . . v) 1, 8, 27, . . .
18 ricxvis CanawerSi miuTiTeT Sesabamisi Tanrigebi da gaSa-

leT es ricxvi saTanrigo SesakrebTa jamad:
a) 2751; b) 3001; g) 50,12; d) 18,105;
e) 1057,109; v) 3,5; z) 3,53; T) 3,5301. 2, 51 =
= 2 + 5 + 12
19 ? nacvlad CasviT iseTi ricxvi, rom miiRoT swori toloba: 10 10
? ? ?
a) 1m = 10 mm; b) 1 m2 = 10 sm2 = 10 mm2;
? ? ?
g) 1kg = 10 g; d) 1 t = 10 kg = 10 g;
v) 1 sT = ? wT = ? wm.
? ?
e) 1km = 10 m = 10 sm;
20 cnobilia, rom a) u.s.g. (a;b) = b. ipoveT u.s.j. (a;b);

b) u.s.j. (a;b) = a. ipoveT u.s.g. (a;b).
21 buratinos gakveTilze ramdenime ricxvis Sekreba daavales.
magaliTis gadawerisas man ramdenime Secdoma dauSva: erT-
erT SesakrebSi erTeulebis TanrigSi 3-ianis nacvlad
9-iani gadmowera, meore SesakrebSi aseulebis TanrigSi
7-iani CaTvala 1-ianad, xolo mesame SesakrebSi aTaseulebis
TanrigSi 6-ianis nacvlad 5-iani Cawera. amis Semdeg man
Sekriba es ricxvebi da miiRo 72438. Sekrebisas mas axali
Secdoma ar dauSvia. ra pasuxs miiRebda buratino, sworad
rom gadmoewera magaliTi?
22 romeliRac Tvis sami xuTSabaTi luw ricxvebs daemTxva.

kviris ra dRe iyo am Tvis 26 ricxvi?
23 a) kvadratis ra nawilia gaferadebuli?

b) ipoveT kvadratis daStrixuli nawilis farTobi, Tu
kvadratis gverdis sigrZe 6 sm-ia.
24 gayaviT 32 bavSvi or jgufad ise, rom pirvel jgufSi bavS-

vebis raodenoba iyos meore jgufis bavSvebis raodenobis 3 .
5
25 ori martivi ricxvis jami kentia. ras udris am ori ricxvi-
dan umciresi?
26 CawereT yvela samniSna ricxvi, romelic SeiZleba CavweroT

cifrebiT 3; 4; 6 (ricxvSi cifrebi ar gameordes) da daal-
ageT isini zrdadobis mixedviT.
17
I Tavi
Seamowme Seni codna:
1 mTeli ricxvi, romelic akmayofilebs utolobas, 0 ≤ x < 2 aris:

a) 2; b) mxolod 1; g) 0 da 1; d) mxolod 0.
2 x ricxvia ar aris naklebi 5-ze niSnavs:

a) x >5; b) x < 5; g) x ≥ 5; d) x ≤ 5.
3 x ar aRemateba 5-s niSnavs:

a) x > 5; b) x < 5; g) x ≥ 5; d) x ≤ 5.
4 gamosaxuleba a + b – c tolia:
a) a + c – b; b) b – c + a; g) b – c – a; d) b + c – a .
5 gamosaxuleba a (bc) tolia:

a) ab + ac; b) ab · ac; g) abc; d) ab – ac.

77 18
18 `` -11 99 00,,32
``1112
12 19
19
:: 22,,42 21-
42::11,,21
16
16
32 .
7. gamoTvaleT kalkulatoris gamoyenebis gareSe:

32527 · 32324 – 32528 · 32323.
8. ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba:

a) 0,01y4, Tu y=3; b) 2b3+3, Tu b=5;
g) 2x –5x +x +3x+2, Tu x=5.
4 3 2
9. gamoiangariSeT:
d) 34 - ` 25 j .
2
a) 0,23+0,4·24; b) 10·5·24; g) 8·0,53+25·0,22;
10. SeavseT cxrilis carieli ujrebi:

x y 2x 3 y 2x–3y+4
5 1
2,5 0,1
7,4 2,8
1,5 8
12,6 7,5
11 Caweris gareSe daasaxeleT romeli Tanrigis erTeulebi

iqneba 0-is toli Semdeg ricxvebSi:
a) samas ocdarva milion orasocdaxuTi;
b) samas ori milion ocdaxuTiaTas erTi;
g) ormocdaSvidi milion as ori aTas ocdasami.
12 CawereT yvela xuTniSna ricxvi, romlis cifrTa jami 2-is

tolia.
18
4. gayofadobis niSnebi
? 1. 50 litriani WurWlidan Tafli unda gadanawildes

qilebSi. daadgineT:
a) ramdeni 2- litriani,
b) ramdeni 5-litriani qila dasWirdeba mefutkres?
g) SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom Tafli mxolod 3-litrian
qilebSi gadanawildes?
vityviT, rom a ricxvi iyofa b ricxvze (davweroT a b ) Tu

ganayofi a:b naturaluri ricxvia.
e.i. sruldeba toloba: a=bn, sadac a, b da n naturaluri ricxvebia.
CamovayaliboT 2-ze, 3-ze, 5-ze, 9-ze, 10-ze da 4-ze gayofadobis -Ti maTematikaSi
niSnebi. aRiniSneba sityva
„iyofa“.
1. 2-ze iyofa is da mxolod is ricxvi, romelic luwi cifriT
bolovdeba.
50 10
luwi cifrebia 0, 2, 4, 6, 8. radgan 50 = 5·10
kenti cifrebia 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. 75 5
radgan 75 = 5 · 15
a iyofa 2-ze niSnavs, rom arsebobs iseTi naturaluri k ricxvi,
romlisTvisac sruldeba: a=2k. a 3
e.i. a = 3k
a=2k _ luwi ricxvis formulaa.
naturalur ricxvTa mwkrivSi yoveli me-2 ricxvi orze iyofa.
2. 10-ze iyofa is da mxolod is naturaluri ricxvi, romelic

0-iT bolovdeba
a 10, e.i. a=10k, k naturaluri ricxvia. a=10k – 10-is jeradi
ricxvis formulaa.
3. 5-ze iyofa is da mxolod is naturaluri ricxvi, romlis

bolo cifria 5 an 0.
a 5, e.i. a = 5k, sadac k naturaluri ricxvia.
naturalur ricxvTa mwkrivSi yoveli me-5 ricxvi 5-is jeradia.
4. 3-ze iyofa is da mxolod is ricxvi, romlis cifrTa jami

iyofa 3-ze.
magaliTad, 7452 3, radgan 7+4+5+2=18 da 18 3.
magram 3+5+6=14 da 356 ar iyofa 3-ze.
naturalur ricxvTa mwkrivSi yoveli me-3 ricxvi 3-is jeradia.
19
I Tavi
„ar iyofa“ aRiniSneba

5. 9-ze iyofa is da mxolod is ricxvi, romlis cifrTa jami
“
iyofa 9-ze.
„ simboloTi.
magaliTad, 2358 9, radgan (2 + 3 + 5 + 8 = 18 da 18 9), xolo 2337
ar iyofa 9-ze, radgan 2 + 3 + 3 + 7 = 15 da 15 9. ikiTxeba: 15 ar
iyofa 9-ze.
6. 4-ze iyofa is da mxolod is ricxvi, romlis bolo ori

cifrisagan Sedgenili ricxvi iyofa 4-ze.
magaliTad, , radgan 24 4.
savarjiSoebi:
1 varskvlavis nacvlad CawereT cifrebi ise, rom miRebuli
ricxvi gaiyos mocemul ricxvze (ganixileT yvela SesaZlo
SemTxveva).
a) 234* gaiyos 5-ze; b) 387* gaiyos 4-ze;
g) 25*1 gaiyos 3-ze; d) 45*9 gaiyos 9-ze;
e) 378* gaiyos 10-ze; v) *124 gaiyos 3-ze.
2 romel ricxvze gaiyofa unaSTod sami erTmaneTis momdevno

ricxvis jami?
3 maRaziaSi Sesulma natom SeamCnia, rom safuleSi mxolod 5

TeTriani da 10 TeTriani monetebi hqonda, SeuZlia Tu ara natos
gamyidvels zustad gadauxados (xurdis dabrunebis gareSe) 6
cali saSlelis, 2 rveulis, 2 namcxvris Rirebuleba, Tu 1 saSleli
Rirs 8 TeTri, 1 rveuli _ 33 TeTri, xolo 1 namcxvari _ 50 TeTri.
4* ramdeni bavSvia klasSi, Tu maTi 3 dadis inglisurze, 5 dadis

4 7
frangulze da cnobilia, rom mTeli klasis moswavleTa nax-
evari 15-ze naklebia.
5* dawereT udidesi xuTniSna ricxvi, romlis CanawerSi gvxvde-

ba yvela kenti cifri da romelic iyofa 5-ze.
6* dedam salomes supermarketSi 4 saSleli, rveulebi – TiTo

40 TeTrad, Tojina 4 larad, 12 feradi fanqari da 8 naWeri
namcxvari uyida. gamyidvelma 19 lari da 30 TeTri uangariSa.
salomem dedas uCurCula, rom gamyidveli Secda, sworad
mixvda Tu ara salome? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
7* ipoveT:
a) samniSna ricxvi, romlis pirveli cifria 1 da romelic iyofa
9-zec da 5-zec, magram ar iyofa 2-ze.
20
4. gayofadobis niSnebi
b) samniSna ricxvi, romlis pirveli cifria 7 da romelic iyofa

9-zec, 5-zec da 2-zec.
8 giorgim, nikam da vaJam tyeSi soko wiTeli (niyvi) moagroves. Sin

misulebma gadawyvites soko Tanabrad gaeyoT. SeZleben Tu ara
biWebi motanili sokos Tanabrad ganawilebas, Tu:
a) giorgim ipova 37, nikam _ 40, vaJam ki _ 31 soko;
b) giorgim _ 23, nikam _ 18, vaJam ki _ 15 soko?
g
Tu A svetis ujraSi mocemuli raodenoba metia B svetis Se
sabamis ujraSi mocemul raodenobaze, airCieT (A);
Tu B svetis ujraSi mocemuli raodenoba metia A svetis
Sesabamis ujraSi mocemul raodenobaze, airCieT (B);
Tu ujrebSi mocemuli raodenobebi tolia, airCieT (C);
Tu mocemuli informacia araa sakmarisi SedarebisTvis,
airCieT (D).
A B A B C D
8 × 7 gamosaxulebis 2335:5 gamosaxulebis

9.
aTeulebis ricxvi aseulebis cifri
wuTebis raodenoba erT

10. wamebis raodenoba 6 sT-Si
kviraSi
11. 3(8x+4) 4(3+6x)
12. 2(x+1)+3x–2 5x
13. 24 42
14. 23 -sa da 99 -s Soris 11 -sa da 59 -s Soris
5 5 3 3
moTavsebul mTel ricxvTa moTavsebul mTel ricxvTa
raodenoba raodenoba
15. avtomobilSi gadaixades 2400 lari da kidev mTeli

3
Rirebulebis 5 nawili. ra Rirda avtomobili?
16. ramdeniT gaizrdeba ricxvi 12, Tu mis cifrebs

gadavaadgilebT. daasaxeleT yvela orniSna ricxvi, romelic
cifrebis gadaadgilebiT imdeniTve gaizrdeba.
21
I Tavi
jgufuri mecadineoba
viTamaSoT!
TamaSobs ori moTamaSe.
I TamaSi.
I moTamaSe asaxelebs ricxv 1-s an 2-s, meore moTamaSes SeuZlia
dasaxelebul ricxvs daumatos 1 an 2 da asaxelebs miRebul jams.
igebs is, vinc pirvelad daasaxelebs 51-s.
? ver mixvdiT?
CaatareT erTmaneTSi es TamaSi ramdenjerme. romelma
moTamaSem moigo?
aRwereT, rogor unda iTamaSos moTamaSem (romelma?) sworad,
rom moigos.
II TamaSi.
qvebis grovaSi 100 qvaa. moTamaSes erT svlaze SeuZlia aiRos 1 an 3
qva. igebs is moTamaSe, romelic bolo qvas aiRebs.
romeli moTamaSe moigebs, Tu
a) pirveli moTamaSe aiRebs 3 qvas;
b) pirveli moTamaSe aiRebs 1 qvas.
III TamaSi.
qvis grovaSi 120 qvaa. moTamaSeebi, monacvleobiT, survilisamebr
iReben
a) 1, 2, 3 an 4, b) 1, 2, 3, 4 an 5 qvas. romeli moTamaSe moigebs da rogori
wesiT unda iTamaSos man, rom moigos, Tu mogebulad iTvleba is
moTamaSe, romelic aiRebs bolo qvas?
22
5. ricxvTa gayofadobis
zogierTi Tviseba
1. saaxalwlo zeimze Tovlis babuam Ia da Ib klasis moswavleebs

saCuqrad TiTo yuTi Sokoladis fila miutana. ganawilebis
Semdeg aRmoCnda, rom:
a) Ia klasis TiToeul moswavles Sexvda sam-sami fila, xolo Ib
klasis moswavleebs ki _ oTx-oTxi fila. SeeZlo Tu ara Tovlis
babuas imave raodenobis Sokoladis fila (1 yuTi) 12 bavSvisTvis
Tanabrad gaenawilebina?
b) Ia klasis TiToeul moswavles ergo eqvs-eqvsi fila, Ib klasisas
_ oTx-oTxi. SeeZlo Tu ara Tovlis babuas imdenive Sokoladis
fila (1 yuTi) 24 bavSvisTvis Tanabrad gaenawilebina?
Tqven ukve iciT zogierT ricxvze, magaliTad, 2-ze, 3-ze, 5-ze, 9-ze,
10-ze gayofadobis niSnebi. SeiZleba Tu ara davadginoT, kidev
yuradReba!
sxva ricxvebze, magaliTad 12-ze, 24-ze, 15-ze da a. S. gayofadobis
Canaweri a b (a iyofa
niSnebi? b-ze) ar aRniSnavs
amisTvis gavecnoT ricxvTa gayofadobis ramdenime Tvisebas. raime moqmedebas a
da b ricxvebs Soris.
Tviseba 1. Tu a (bc), maSin a b da a c. igi aris winadadeba,
romelic a-sa da b-s
marTlac, a (bc) niSnavs, rom ganayofSi miiReba mTeli ricxvi zogierTi mniSvne
lobisTvis WeSmari-
da sruldeba toloba: a=(bc)·n (1) Tu gamoviyenebT gamravlebis tia, zogierTisTvis
jufTebadobis Tvisebas, (1)-s SeiZleba aseTi saxe mivceT a=b(cn). ki _ mcdari.
radgan cn-ic mTeli ricxvia, es imas niSnavs, rom a b. analogiurad,
a=c(bn), saidanac Cans, rom a c.
marTlac, radgan 24 8, amitom 24 2 da 24 4 (2·4=8).
36 6, amitom 36 2 da 36 3 (2·3=6).
 sainteresoa, sruldeba Tu ara zemoT Camoyalibebuli

? winadadeba piriqiT?
e.i. Tu a b da a c gaiyofa Tu ara a ricxvi maT namravlze, bc-ze?

ganixileT ramdenime magaliTi.
rogorc xedavT, Cvens mier Camoyalibebuli winadadeba zogjer
sruldeba, zogjer ara. magaliTad, 12 iyofa 6-zec da 4-zec, magram
12 ar iyofa 6·4-ze.
mocemul sqemaze kargad Cans rom 4·6=24 martiv
12 24
mamravlebad daSlaSi u. s. g. (6;4)=2 orjer Sedis _
erTxel, rogorc 4-is, meored ki rogorc 6-is gamyofi.
amitom cxadia, 12 aRar gaiyo maT namravlze.
2· 2 ·3 2 · 2 · 2 · 3
meores mxriv, 12 3 da 12 4. amasTan 12 12 (12=3·4) da 4 · 6

u. s. g. (3;4)=1.
23
I Tavi
Tviseba 2. Tu a ricxvi iyofa b da c ricxvebze da u. s. g. (b;c)=1,
maSin a gaiyofa bc-ze.
am Tvisebidan gamomdinare advilad davaskvniT:
a) 6-ze iyofa is da mxolod is ricxvi, romelic iyofa 3-zec da 2-zec.
b) 15-ze iyofa is da mxolod is ricxvi, romelic iyofa 3-zec da
5-zec.
 CamoayalibeT 12-ze, 18-ze, 36-ze gayofadobis niSnebi. moiyvaneT

? Sesabamisi magaliTebi.
Tviseba 3. Tu a ricxvi iyofa c ricxvze da b ricxvic iyofa c-ze,

maSin a + b da a – b ricxvebic gaiyofa c-ze.
marTlac, a c, niSnavs a=cn, xolo b c ki niSnavs, rom b=cm, maSin
a+b=cn+cm gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanonis safuZvelze
a+b=c(n+m), radgan n+m naturaluri ricxvia, miviReT (a+b) c.
analogiurad SeiZleba vaCvenoT, rom (a–b) c, sadac a>b.
1. WeSmaritia Tu mcdari winadadeba (pasuxi daasabuTeT):

a) Tu a da b ricxvebidan arc erTi ar iyofa c-ze, maSin a+b ar
gaiyofa c-ze.
b) Tu a ricxvi iyofa c-ze da b ricxvi ar iyofa c-ze, maSin a+b ar
gaiyofa c-ze.
moiyvaneT Sesabamisi magaliTebi.
2. aCveneT, rom Tu a m da b m, maSin (ak+nb) m.
winadadeba à b mcdaria~ imas niSnavs, rom a ricxvis b ricxvze gayo-

fisas miiReba aranulovani naSTi.
! nebismieri a da b naturaluri ricxvebisaTvis Sesruldeba toloba:
naSTi yovelTvis a = bn + r ,

naklebia gamyofze. sadac a _ gasayofia, b _gamyofi, n _ ganayofi, xolo
r _ naSTi. amasTan 0 ≤ r < b ,
(r=0, roca a b)
14:4=3(2), e. i. 14=3·4+2.
am formulis mixedviT ukve advilad CavwerT:
cxrili 1
3-ze gayofis
1) ricxvi, romelic 3-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 1-s,
0 1 2 iqneba a=3n+1.
naSTebi
0 1 2 2) ricxvi, romelic 3-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 2-s,
3 4 5 iqneba b=3n+2.
naturaluri
6 7 8 cxadia, 3-ze gayofisas sxva aranulovan naSTs ver miviRebT,
ricxvebi 9 10 11 radgan naSTi 3-ze naklebi ricxvia.
...... ...... ......
3n 3n+1 3n+2
...... ...... ...... ? 1. dawereT 1-eli cxrilis msgavsi cxrili 5-ze, 6-ze
gayofis naSTebisaTvis.
2. daakvirdiT miRebul cxrilebs da upasuxeT Semdeg SekiTxvebs.
arsebobs Tu ara iseTi naturaluri ricxvi, romelic:
a) ar iqneba moTavsebuli romelime svetSi;
24 b) moTavsebuli iqneba romelime or sxvadasxva svetSi mainc;
5. ricxvTa gayofadobis zogierTi Tviseba
g) ra saerTo TvisebiT xasiaTdeba erTsa da imave svetSi moTavse-

buli ricxvebi da riT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan;
d) Tu a da b ricxvi 3-ze, 5-ze, 6-ze gayofis naSTebis, Tqvens mier
Sedgenili, cxrilebis erTsa da imave svetSia moTavsebuli,
maSin ra SegiZliaT TqvaT a–b ricxvze; a+3 ricxvze (I cxrilisTvis);
a+5 (5-ze gayofis naSTebis II cxrilisTvis)?
daumtkiceblad miviRoT Semdegi Tviseba:
Tviseba 4. ori ricxvis jami gaiyofa c ricxvze, Tu TiToeuli

ricxvis c-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTebis jami iyofa c-ze. Tviseba 3 da Tvis e
ba 4 sruldeba Sesa
e. i. Tu a = cm + r 1 da b = cn + r2 da amasTan, (r 1 + r 2 ) c, maSin (a + b) c. krebTa nebismieri
raodenobisTvisac.
marTlac, 18-is 5-ze gayofisas miiReba naSTi 3, xolo 22-is 5-ze
gayofisas miRebuli naSTia 2. maTi jami 18 + 22 = 40 iyofa 5-ze:
(2 + 3 = 5).
? 1. moiyvaneT kidev ramdenime magaliTi, raTa darwmundeT

me-4 Tvisebis marTebulobaSi.
2. a ricxvi 8-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs r1-s, b ki – r2-s.

ipoveT: a) a+b; b) a–b; g) ab ricxvis 8-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi,
Tu a) r1=5, r2=3; b) r1=6, r2=4; g) r1=7, r2=1; d)* r1=4, r2=6.
daakvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs da gamoitaneT gonivruli daskvna. Tu a ricxvi m-ze gay-
ofisas naSTSi gvaZ
naturalur ricxvebs kidev bevri Tviseba aqvT. gavecnoT erT levs r1-s, b ricxvi ki
r2-s, maSin m-ze gayo-
maTgans. fis naSTi a+b, a–b, ab
ganvixiloT 2-iT da 6-iT daboloebul ricxvTa namravli. ricxvisa iqneba igive,
magaliTad, rac, Sesabamisad,
r1+ r2, r1– r2, r1 r2 ricxvis
a) 2·6=12; b) 12·6=72; g) 2·16=32; d) 22·6=132. m-ze gayofis naSTi.
maSasadame, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom 2-iT daboloebuli ricxvis
namravli 6-iT daboloebul ricxvze gvaZlevs ricxvs, romelic
bolovdeba 2-iT. e. i. imave cifriT, ra cifriTac bolovdeba 2·6.
aseve, ..... 4 × ..... 7 = ..... 8 (4·7=28)
..... 3 × ..... 8 = ..... 4 (3·8=24)
aqedan (.....3)2 = ..... 9 ( 32 = 9 ).
(.....4)2 = ..... 6 ( 42 = 16 ).
da a.S.
magaliTi 1.
a ricxvi 7-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 3-s, b ricxvi _ 2-s,
c ricxvic _ 2-s. ra ricxvs miviRebT naSTSi, Tu 7-ze gavyofT:
a) a+b-s, b) a+b+c-s.
amoxsna:
ariTmetikul moqmedebaTa
a) a = 7n + 3, xolo b = 7m + 2. Tvisebebis gamoyenebiT
aqedan a + b = 7n + 3 + 7m + 2.
25
I Tavi
a + b = 7(n + m) + 5.
miviReT, rom a + b ricxvi 7-ze gayofisas naSTSi mogvcems 5-s.
b) radgan c = 7k + 2, miviRebT
a + b + c = 7n + 3 + 7m + 2 + 7k + 2 = 7(n + m + k) + 7 = 7(n + m + k + 1).
miRebuli Sedegidan Cans, rom naSTSi miviReT 0, e. i. (a + b + c) 7.
magaliTi 2.
davasabuToT: a) 9-ze gayofadobis; b) 4-ze gayofadobis niSani.
amoxsna:
a) dasabuTeba CavataroT oTxniSna ricxvisTvis. sxva ric
xvebisTvisac damtkiceba analogiuri iqneba.
ganvixiloT oTxniSna abcd ricxvi.
353 = 3·100 + 10·5 + 3
4785 = 47·100 + 8·10 + 5
55623 = 556·100 + 2·10 + 3
cxadia, miRebuli jami gaiyofa 9-ze, Tu mocemuli ricxvis cifrTa

jami a+b+c+d gaiyofa 9-ze. da piriqiT, Tu a+b+c+d ar gaiyo 9-ze
jamic da e.i. abcd ricxvic ar gaiyofa 9-ze. r. d. g.
b) davamtkicoT abc samniSna ricxvisaTvis.
.
miRebuli jami gaiyofa 4-ze mxolod maSin, roca 10b+c anu bc ricxvi
gaiyofa 4-ze. r. d. g.
 gayofis Seusruleblad ipoveT:

a) 9-ze gayofis naSTi: 567832; 234561;
b) 4-ze gayofis naSTi: 32185; 21741.
zz ra daskvnas gamoitanT: rogor vipovoT ricxvTa 9-ze, 4-ze,
5-ze, 10-ze gayofis naSTebi.
magaliTi 3.
ipoveT:
nebismieri m nat- 11·12·13·14·15 + 259·53-is 9-ze gayofis naSTi
uraluri ricxvis amoxsna:
bolo cifri igivea,
rac m ricxvis 10-ze a) 11·12·13·14·15 = 11·(3·4)·13·14·(3·5) iyofa 9-ze
gayofisas miRebuli
naSTi. ganvixiloT (259·53):9 | 2+5+9=16
16:9=1(7), aqedan 259:9=m(7) 53:9=5(8)
amitom 253·59-is 9-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi igivea, rac 7·8-is
9-ze gayofisas miRebuli naSTi.
56:9=6(2), e.i. r=2.
26
savarjiSoebi:
1 daamtkiceT, rom:
a) luwi ricxvebis jami luwi ricxvia;
b) ori kenti ricxvis jami luwi ricxvia;
g) luwi da kenti ricxvis jami kenti ricxvia.
2* ramdeni kenti orniSna ricxvi arsebobs?
3 daasaxeleT 4-is jeradi ricxvebi, romlebic moTavsebulia:

a) 58-sa da 81-s Soris, b) 127-sa da 179-s Soris.
4 cnobilia, rom a 18. gaiyofa Tu ara a ricxvi 9-ze?

5 cnobilia, rom a 39. gaiyofa Tu ara a ricxvi 3-ze?
6 daamtkiceT, rom
a) ori momdevno naturaluri ricxvis namravli gaiyofa 2-ze.
b) sami momdevno naturaluri ricxvis jami gaiyofa 3-ze, xolo
namravli 6-ze.
7 moqmedebaTa Sesrulebis gareSe daadgineT, mocemuli jamidan

Tu sxvaobidan, romeli iyofa unaSToT 2-ze, 3-ze, 5-ze, 7-ze.
a) 288+38+351+953; b) 351+1254+78;
g) 255+750+1555; d) 847–77.
8 ricxvebi Cawerilia saTanrigo SesakrebTa jamis saxiT. daadgi-

neT, romeli iyofa 10-ze, 3-ze, 4-ze, 5-ze. axseniT ratom?
a) 5·105+3·103+2·102+10; b) 4·103+3·102+7·10+5;
g) 3·104+4·103+5·102+4·10+1; d) 7·105+5·103+2·102+7·10+2.
9 daamtkiceT, rom:
a) ( 2582 – 33·51 + 472) 10; b) ( 1232 – 622) 5.
10* varskvlavebis nacvlad CasviT cifrebi ise, rom Sesruldes:

a) *378* 36; b) 4*25 45; g) 2895* 6; d) 56** 18.
11 daamtkiceT, rom
a) (23442 – 1) 5-ze; b) (37892 – 1) 10-ze.
12. ipoveT ra cifriT bolovdeba ricxvi (733 + 29·39)·3 – 2572.
13 daamtkiceT, rom 56**7 ricxvi ar SeiZleba iyos romelime natu

raluri ricxvis kvadrati.
14* varskvlavebis nacvlad 42*4* CasviT cifrebi ise, rom miRebuli

ricxvi gaiyos 36-ze.
15 ra cifriT bolovdeba 253 – 242 + 223 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba.
16* ipoveT yvela orniSna ricxvi, romelic oTxjer metia Tavisive

cifrebis jamze.
27
I Tavi
17* iam Sekriba yvela naturaluri ricxvi 1-dan 110-mde. daamtki-
ceT, rom miRebuli jami unaSTod gaiyofa 37-ze.
18* daamtkiceT, rom:

a) nebismieri naturaluri n ricxvisaTvis (n + 7) (n + 12) 2;
b) nebismieri mTeli m da n ricxvebisaTvis mn (m + n) 2.
19 k-s nebismieri naturaluri mniSvnelobisaTvis 12k + 1 gamosa

xulebis mniSvneloba:
a) iyofa 3-ze; b) ar iyofa 4-ze;
g) SeiZleba gaiyos 2-ze; d) arc erTi pasuxi swori ar aris.
20 WeSmaritia Tu mcdari Semdegi winadadeba:

a) k-s nebismieri naturaluri mniSvnelobisaTvis 7k + 5 gamosa
xulebis mniSvneloba iyofa 5-ze an 7-ze;
b) k-s zogierTi naturaluri mniSvnelobisaTvis 7k + 5 gamosa
xulebis mniSvneloba iyofa 1) 5-ze; 2) 7-ze.
21 daasruleT winadadeba ise, rom miiRoT WeSmariti winadadeba:

umciresi naturaluri ricxvi, romelic:
a) 5-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 3-s aris ... ;
b) 9-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 7-s aris ... ;
g) 11-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 1) 3-s; 2) 7-s aris ... .
22 a ricxvi 7-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 5-s, b ricxvi ki 3-s.

ipoveT Semdegi ricxvebis 7-ze gayofis naSTi:
a) 2a; 2b; 5b; b) a+b; g) a–b; d) ab;
e) 2a+1; v) 2a+3b; z) (2a+b)(3a–1) .
23 viciT, rom (7k + 14) 3-ze maSin k-s nebismieri naturaluri mniS-

vnelobisaTvis We Smritia:
a) (7k + 14) 6; b) (7k + 14) 14;
g) (7k + 14) 21; d) arc erTi pasuxi swori ar aris.
24 ramdeni samniSna ricxvi arsebobs, romlis aTeulebis cifria 5

da romelic iyofa 9-ze?
25 Tu n ricxvi 5-ze gayofisas naSTs gvaZlevs 2-s, Semdegi

winadadebebidan romelia aucileblad WeSmariti?
a) n luwi ricxvia;
b) n + 3 ar SeiZleba iyos martivi;
g) (n + 2)-is 7-ze gayofis naSTi 2-is tolia.
26* 2011 wlis 1 ianvari SabaTi iyo:

a) ra dRe iqneba imave wlis 31 dekemberi?
b) ramdeni SabaTi iqneba 2011 wlis ganmavlobaSi?
g) ramdeni samSabaTi iqneba 2011 wlis ganmavlobaSi?
28
27* 1 marti orSabaTia. ra dRe iqneba imave wlis:

a) 5 aprili? b) 20 aprili; g) 7 maisi?
miTiTeba: marti _ 31 dRe, aprili _ 30 dRe da kidev 7 dRe, sul
68 dRe.
28* erT samefoSi saocari xe xarobda. xes 45 vaSli da 20 limoni

esxa. mebaRe yoveldRiurad or nayofs wyvetda, maT adgilze ki
maSinve Cndeboda erTi axali nayofi. amasTan, Tu mebaRe erTi
da igive nayofs mowyvetda, maSin Cndeboda limoni, xolo sx-
vadasxva nayofis mowyvetas vaSlis gaCena mohyveboda. SesaZle-
belia Tu ara am xeze bolo nayofi iyos limoni?
29 SeiZleba Tu ara 4731 gazeTisgan Semdgari Sekvra gaiyos 3 g

tol nawilad? 9 tol nawilad?
30 ramdeni erTnairi Semadgenlobis Taiguli SeiZleba Seikras

15 vardisa da 18 mixakisagan?
31 nakiania weliwadi, romlis Tebervali 29 dRiania. kviris rom-

eli dRe iqneba nakiani wlis TebervalSi 5-jer, Tu 1 Tebervali
iyo kvira?
32 ori kvadratiT Seqmnili figuris ra nawilia Seferadebuli?

2
33 erTi ricxvis 3 nawili udris meore ricxvs. ipoveT am ricx-
vebis Sefardeba.
34 velosipedistma 47,5 km-is gavlis Semdeg 15 km/sT siCqariT

kidev 1 13 saaTi iara. ramdeni kilometri gaiara velosipe-
distma sul?
ifiqreT da iazrovneT:
2258 = 24 · 64 + 2
35. ganvixiloT 2-is xarisxebis bolo cifrebi 2258 = 24 · k + 2
21 = 2 25 = 3 2
22 = 4 26 = 6 4
23 = 8 27 = 1 2 8
24 = 16 28 = 25 6
daukvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs da gamoitaneT gonivruli
daskvna _ rogor vipovoT 2-is romelime maRali xarisxis
bolo cifri?
ganixileT 3-is, 7-is da 8-is xarisxebis bolo cifrebi.
36. ipoveT Semdegi xarisxebis bolo cifri:

a) 2397 ; b) 3151 ; g) 485; d) 27358 .
29
I Tavi
es sainteresoa
evklides algoriTmi
ipoveT u.s.g.(609,2233), albaT, sakmaod Sromatevadia mocemuli
ricxvebis udidesi saerTo gamyofis moZebna. CamovayaloboT
evklides algoriTmi, romlis saSualebiTac SedarebiT advilad
gadavwyvetT Cvens winaSe dasmul amocanas.
algoriTmi im moqmedebaTa erTobliobis zusti da sruli aRw-
eraa, romelTa mkacrad Tanamimdevruli Sesruleba ganapirobebs
dasmuli amocanis amoxsnas.
termini algoriTmi me-9 saukunis Suaazieli moazrovnis muhamed
ben musa al-xorezmis saxelis laTinur transkrifcias ukavSirdeba
(AA
A lgorithmi). al-xorezmma Camoayaliba ariTmetikuli moqmedebebis
wesebi. misma traqtatma ariTmetikaSi da algebraSi, romelic me-12
saukuneSi laTinur enaze iTargmna, mniSvnelovani gavlena iqonia
maTematikis ganviTarebaze dasavleT evropaSi. Tavdapirvelad
algoriTmis qveS gulisxmobdnen mravalniSna ricxvebze mxolod
oTxi ariTmetikuli moqmedebis Sesrulebis wesebs.
rogorc viciT, nebismieri naturaluri, a da b ricxvebisTvis,
moiZebneba iseTi q naturaluri ricxvi, rom
a = bq + r (1), sadac r d N da 0 ≤ r < b .
(1)-dan advilad davaskvniT, rom u.s.g.(a;b)=u.s.g.(b;r) (2)
?  aCveneT (2) tolobis marTebuloba.
davubrundeT mocemul amocanas da gamoviyenoT (2)

_2233: 609 = 3 e.i. 2233 = 3 $ 609 + 406.
1827
406
(2)-dan gamomdinare u.s.g.(2233;609) = u.s.g.(609;406).

609: 406 = 1, 609 = 1 $ 406 + 203
203
u.s.g.(609; 406)=u.s.g.(406;203)
30
_406: 203 = 2, 406 = 2 $ 203 + 0
406
0
e.i. u.s.g. (406;203)=203
miviReT u.s.g. (2233;609) = usg(609;406) = usg(406;203) = 203.
magaliTi*:
ipoveT 2n+7 da n+2 ricxvebis udidesi saerTo gamyofi.
amoxsna:
rogorc vnaxeT, u.s.g.(a;b)=u.s.g.(a;a–b), amitom
u.s.g.(2n+7; n+2)=u.s.g.(n+5; n+2)=u.s.g.(n+2; 3).
radgan 3 martivi ricxvia, saZiebeli u.s.g. iqneba an 1 an 3. kerZod,
Tu (n+2)-ic 3-is jeradia, e.i. n+2=3k, n=3k–2, maSin u.s.g. toli iqneba
3-is, xolo, Tu n≠3k–2, maSin saZiebeli u.s.g. aris 1.
magaliTad, Tu n=7, maSin 2n+7=21 da n+2=9. u.s.g.(21;9)=3.
Tu n=14, maSin u.s.g.(35;16)=1.
1 evklides algoriTmis gamoyenebiT ipoveT u.s.g.:

a) 100-is da 120-is; b) 540-is da 136-is; g) 1054-is da 732-is.
2 ra ricxvze SeiZleba SevkvecoT 3n + 13 wiladi? ipoveT n-is

n+2
Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebi.
3 aCveneT, rom 12n + 1 ukveci wiladia.

30n + 2
piTagorelebis azriT, ricxvebi iyofa or jgufad: keTi-

lad da borotad, bednierebisa da ubedurebis momtanad.
maTve dayves naturaluri ricxvebi luw da kent ricx-
vebad. aseve srulyofil da arasrulyofil, martiv da
Sedgenil, megobrul, samkuTxa, kvadratul, xuTkuTxa
da a.S. ricxvebad.
ricxvebs, romlebic Tavisive sakuTari gamyofebis jamis
tolia, srulyofil ricxvebs uwodebdnen. pirveli sru-
piTagora lyofili ricxvia 6.
(Zv.w.580-500 w.w.) 6 = 1 + 2 + 3.
udidesi berZeni
aseve srulyofili ricxvia
maTematikosi
28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14.
sul aRmoCenilia 23 srulyofili ricxvi.
martiv ricxvebs, romelTa sxvaoba 2-is tolia, Zveli berZeni maTematikosebi
tyup ricxvebs uwodebdnen:
3 da 5; 5 da 7; 11 da 13; 17 da 19 da a. S. tyupi ricxvebia.
31
I Tavi
Tema
sxva moqmedeba
Cven ukve gavecaniT ricxvebze sxvadasxva moqmedebebs: Sekre-

bas, gamoklebas, gamravlebas, gayofas da axarisxebas. es opera-
ciebi Sesabamisi simboloebiTaa aRniSnuli
k - jer
6 4 44 7 4 44 8 6 44 7 44 8
k
magaliTad, a + a + a + a ≡ 4a, a + a + ... + a ≡ ka, a · a · ... · a ≡ ak.

ra Tqma unda, SesaZlebelia, rom ricxvebze ganisazRvros
kidev raime axali moqmedeba.
magaliTad, Tu a ◊ b simboloTi aRvniSnavT Semdeg moqmedebas:
a ◊ b = ab + a.
maSin 7 ◊ 5 = 7·5 + 7 = 42, xolo 5 ◊ 7 = 5·7 + 5 = 40.
1. Tu a • b = a2 + b2, maSin
a) 3 • 5 = b) 2 • 3 = g) 7 • 1 = d) 0 • 5 =
2. SeamowmeT 1-el magaliTSi ganmartebuli moqmedebisTvis

sruldeba Tu ara:
a) a • b = b • a; b) a • (b • c) = (a • b) • c.
3. Team a da b ricxvebisTvis axali moqmedeba gansazRvra da man es

magaliTebze aCvena:
1 2 = 5 2 2 = 6
3 1 = 5 4 2 = 8
SeecadeT, gamoicnoT, Tan CaweroT, Tu rogor gansaz-
1 ∇ 2 Rvra Team a b moqmedeba.
4. moifiqreT axali moqmedeba. SeadgineT cxrili ricxve-

3 ∇ 2
bze moqmedebaTa SedegebiT. gacvaleT miRebuli cxrile-
2 ∇ 1 bi da CawereT megobris mier gansazRvruli moqmedeba
nebismieri a da b ricxvebisTvis: „a ∇ b = ..........“.
5. amoxseniT gantoleba:
a) x • 2 = 23; b) 5 • x = 19; g) 3 • 7 = x + 11.
Tu a • b = 3a + 4b.
2a + b
6. a • b = a − b
gamoTvaleT:
a) 4 • 2; b) 3 • 0; g) 5 • 4.
32
1 2
7 ab= 3 a+ 3 b
2 1 , ipoveT (32)6.
ab= 3 a+ 3 b
8 Tu (&j) aris umciresi martivi ricxvi, romelic j-ze metia,

xolo (@j) aris udidesi luwi mTeli ricxvi, romelic naklebia
j-ze. risi tolia gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba:
a) ((&71,32)+@3,52)? b) (&20,5)+(@14,3)?
< >
9 nebismieri naturaluri ricxvebisTvis a|b = a–b . Tu m dadebi-
< >
a+b
Ti mTeli ricxvia, risi tolia 2m|m .
10 nebismieri naturaluri n-isTvis *n-is mniSvneloba moiZeb-

neba Semdegnairad:
n
*n = 3 {
, Tu n 3-is jeradia;
3n, Tu n ar iyofa 3-ze.
risi tolia *10
a) *3; b) *9; g) *20; d) *30; e) *90.
rS2
11 nebismieri r da S ricxvebisTvis rS= r–S , Tu 32=x, risi
tolia x3.
x 3
12 vTqvaT, x moiZebneba Semdegnairad x = 4 , nebismieri
x-sTvis, maSin Semdegi gamosaxulebidan romelia 16-is toli:
a) 2 ; b) 4 ; g) 8 ; d) 16 .
13 a da b≠0 ricxvebisTvis a · b=
( 2)
a
, Tu
1
10 · n=n · 10 , maSin n
b
SeiZleba udrides:
1
a) 2 ; b) 1; g) 10; d) 5.
33
I Tavi
1. Tu a89b : 6 = 3ab , maSin 2a+b tolia:

a) 9; b) 12; g) 8; d) 5.
2. Tu a ricxvi iyofa 6-zec da 8-zec, maSin a aucileblad gaiyofa:

a) 48-ze; b) 10-ze; g) 24-ze; d) 16-ze.
3. 79-is bolo cifria:

a) 7; b) 1; g) 2; d) 9.
4. 35789177-is 9-ze gayofisas naSTSi miiReba:

a) 7; b) 3; g) 4; d) 2.
5. a ricxvi 15-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 13-s, maSin a ricxvis

5-ze gayofis naSTi iqneba
a) 1; b) 4; g) 13; d) 3.
6. a ricxvi 8-e gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 5-s, b ricxvi ki _ 4-s, maSin a+b-s
8-ze gayofisas naSTSi miiReba:
a) 3; b) 1; g) 4; d) 5.
7. a ricxvi 9-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 7-s, maSin 3a-s 9-ze gayofisas
naSTSi miiReba:
a) 2; b) 3; g) 7; d) 1.
8. sam yuTSi awyvia burTulebi: erTSi Savi, meoreSi wiTeli da mesameSi

TeTri. TiToeuli yuTi imave ferad aris SeRebili, ra feris bur
Tulebic aris masSi. viRacam ise gadaalaga burTulebi, rom arc erTi
yuTis feri aRar emTxveva masSi moTavsebuli burTulebis fers. roca
Savi yuTi gaxsnes, masSi wiTeli burTulebi aRmoCnda. ra feris yuTSia
TeTri burTulebi?
a) TeTrSi; b) SavSi; g) wiTelSi; d) monacemebi sakmarisi ar aris.
9. (2·5·7·9+10)-is 7-ze gayofiT miRebuli naSTia:

a) 1; b) 3; g) 2; d) 6.
10. Tu x * y = x:2 + 3y, maSin 4 * 1 = :

a) 4; b) 5; g) 6; d) 2.
34
11 1-dan 200-mde CaTvliT, ramdeni ricxvia mTeli ricxvis kubi:
a) ori; b) sami; g) oTxi; d) xuTi. y
2
12 Tu marTkuTxedis perimetri P-s tolia da x= 3 y, rogor x x
gamoisaxeba y cvladi p-cvladiT:
p 3p 2p 3p y
a) ; b) ; g) ; d) .
10 10 5 5
13 risi tolia sami momdevno luwi ricxvis jamis 6-ze gayofis

naSTi:
a) 0; b) 1; g) 2; d) 4.
1
14 Tu x= 4 , maSin Semdegi gamosaxulebebidan udidesia:
1
a) x; b) 2 x; g) x 2; d) 1–x; e) x 3.
15 ricxvTa mimdevrobaSi yoveli wevri, garda pirvelisa, 4-iT

naklebia, vidre gaoTxkecebuli wina wevri. Tu meoTxe wevri
12-is tolia, risi tolia pirveli wevri:
3
a) 2; b) 2 ; g) 1; d) 4.
16 naturaluri m ricxvis 5-ze gayofisas naSTi miiReba 3. ra

naSTi miiReba, Tu 20m-s gavyofT 25-ze.
a) 3; b) 12; g) 10; d) 15.
17 SeadareT gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi:

1 1 1 1 1 1
a) 0,7·0,8·0,9 da 0,7+0,8–0,9; b) 2 + 3 – 6 da 2 · 3 · 6 .
18 ipoveT 0-dan 1-mde ricxvebis kvadratebis jamis bolo cifri.
19 amoweres ricxvebi 1, 2, 3, ... , 2000 da waSales mZimeebi:

a) ramdeni cifria sul dawerili;
b) ramdenjer Segvxvdeba CanawerSi cifri 0; cifri 1;
g) ramdenjer Segvxvdeba CanawerSi 21?
20 Tavisi fuliT lukas SeuZlia iyidos 8 funTuSa da 7 nayini, an

5 funTuSa da 8 nayini. ramdeni funTuSis yidva SeuZlia lu-
kas Tavis fuliT?
35
I Tavi
6. simravle
1. CamoTvaleT saqarTvelos mosazRvre saxelmwifoebi.
2. dawereT 45-sa da 80-s Soris moTavsebuli yvela martiv ricxvTa
simravle.
yvelas kargad gvesmis, Tu ra igulisxmeba, roca vam-

a
bobT: qarTuli anbanis aso-niSnebis simravle, VII
klasis moswavleTa simravle, planetebis simravle
da ase Semdeg.
simravleTa Teoriis fuZemdebeli, germaneli maTema-
tikosi, georg kantori ambobda: `simravle aris bevri,
romelsac Cven erTianad gaviazrebT~. marTlac, roca
vambobT, Cveni klasis moswavleTa simravle, vgulisx-
naxiri
mobT ara calkeul moswavles, aramed yvelas erTad.
simravle didi A,B,C...1) asoebiT aRvniSnoT.
sagnebs, romelTa erTobliobasac simravle war

moadgens, am simravlis elementebi ewodeba.
simravlis elementebi patara a,b,c,d... asoebiT aRvniS-

noT.
rema
magaliTad, Tu vixilavT amierkavkasiis qveynebis
simravles, maSin misi elementebi iqneba _ saqarT-
velo, somxeTi, azerbaijani. kontinentTa simravlis
elementebia: evrazia, afrika, CrdiloeTi da samxreT
amerika, avstralia, antarqtida. luw martiv ricxvTa
simravle Seicavs erT elemenets, esaa ricxvi 2.
imis aRsaniSnavad, rom a aris A simravlis elementi,
arve
vwerT: a∈A da vkiTxulobT à ekuTvnis A simravles~,
an à aris A simravlis elementi~.
Tu a ar aris A simravlis elementi, vwerT: a∉A da
vkiTxulobT à ar ekuTvnis A simravles~ an à ar aris
A simravlis elementi~.
imis Casawerad, rom A aris simravle, romlis el-
fara ementebia a,b,c, viyenebT simravlis Semdeg aRniSvnas:
A={a;b;c}.
xalxi, anbani, iseve, zemoT ganxilul magaliTebSi simravle Sedgeboda sasruli ra-
rogorc naxiri, fara, odenobis elementebisagan. aseT simravles sasruli simravle ewo-
rema, kolti _ mra deba. magram gana yvela simravle elementTa sasrul raodenobas
vals anu simravles
aRniSnavs.
1)
„A, B, C ...“ ikiTxeba: „ A, B, C da a.S.“
„ ... “ „ da a.S. “
36
Seicavs? magaliTad, naturalur ricxvTa simravlis elementTa
raodenoba ar aris sasruli. aseT simravles usasrulo simravle
ewodeba.
1. moiyvaneT usasrulo simravlis magaliTebi.

2. dawereT: a) Tqveni saswavlo nivTebis simravle;
b) Tqveni klasis moswavle gogonaTa simravle;
g) erTiani saqarTvelos mefeTa simravle;
d) planetaTa simravle.
3. WeSmaritia Tu mcdari gamonaTqvami:
a) ungreTi evropis qveynebis simravlis elementia;
b) TurqeTi afrikis qveynebis simravlis elementia;
g) C da D wertilebi AB monakveTis wertilTa simravlis element-
ebia.
4. simboloebis saSualebiT CawereT Semdegi winadadeba:
a) ricxvi 5 A simravlis elementia;
b) ricxvi 9 A simravlis elementi ar aris;
g) A erTelementiani simravlea, romlis elementia 2.
vTqvaT, A aris dedamiwis bunebriv TanamgzavrTa simravle. maSin A

iqneba erTelementiani simravle, romlis elementia `mTvare~. e. i.
A={mTvare}
Tu mocemulia B simravle _ B={1;2;3;4;5;6}, am SemTxvevaSi vambobT:

simravle mocemulia elementTa CamoTvliT.
zogjer SeuZlebelia romelime simravlis yvela elementis CamoT-
vla. magaliTad: 1) varskvlavTa simravlisa, 2) AB monakveTis wer-
tilTa simravlisa, 3) dedamiwaze mcxovreb yvela drois adamianTa
simravlisa. cxadia, am simravleTa elementebs ver CamovTvliT.
aseT SemTxvevaSi vambobT: simravle mocemulia aRweriT.
naturalur ricxvTa simravlis aRsaniSnavad xmaroben Canawers
{1; 2; 3; 4; ...}. savsebiT gasagebia, ra igulisxmeba mravalwertilSi.
aseTi aRniSvna SeiZleba sxva simravleebisTvisac gamoviyenoT, Tu
zustad garkveulia is elementebi, romlebsac mravalwertili
gulisxmobs.
magaliTad: {2; 4; 6; 8; ...} _ luw ricxvTa simravlea,
{3; 6; 9; ...} _ 3-is jerad ricxvTa simravle,
miRebulia, naturalur ricxvTa simravle N-iT aRiniSnos.
magaliTi 1.
dawereT yvela im orniSna ricxvTa simravle, romelic iyofa 3-ze
da romlis CanawerSi gvxvdeba cifri 1.
37
I Tavi
amoxsna:
gamoviyenoT 3-ze gayofadobis niSani da gaviTvaliswinoT, rom
orniSna ricxvis CanawerSi erT-erTi cifri aris 1. miviRebT, rom
meore iqneba 2, 5 an 8, e. i. saZiebeli simravle aris eqvselementiani
simravle:
{12; 21; 15; 51; 18; 81}
imetyvele sworad!
2 ekuTvnis naturalur ricxvTa simravles.
2∈N 2 naturaluri ricxvia.
2 naturalur ricxvTa simravlis elementia.
A simravlis elementebia 3 da 5.
A={3;5}
A orelementiani simravlea, romlis elementebia 3 da 5.
yuradReba!
2≠{2}
ricxvi ar SeiZleba
simravlis toli iyos!
naturaluri simravle, romlis
ricxvi elementia ricxvi 2
savarjiSoebi:
1 dawereT: a) Tqveni klasis maswavlebelTa simravle;

b) I semestrSi Sesaswavl saganTa simravle;
g) Tqveni klasis moswavle gogonaTa (biWunaTa) simravle;
d) Tqveni saswavlo nivTebis simravle.
2 WeSmaritia Tu mcdari qvemoT dawerili winadadebebi:

a) 2,3∈N; b) 5∈N; g) 3 ∉N; d) 100 000 ∈ N;
7
e) 5,1∈{1;3;5;4;7}; v) 3∉{2; 4; 6; 18; 35; 3,1}.
3 dawereT yvela im orniSna ricxvTa simravle, romlebic 25-ze

gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 2-s.
4 rogor daxasiaTdeba aRweriT Semdegi simravleebi?

a) {rioni}; b) {5; 10; 15; ...}; g) {0}; {5 9 13 17 }
d) 1 ; 4 ; 7 ; 10 ; ... .
5 dawereT: a) 25-sa da 57-s Soris moTavsebul 7-is jerad ricxvTa

simravle; b) luw martiv ricxvTa simravle; g) orniSna martiv
ricxvTa simravle, romlis CanawerSi gvxvdeba cifri 9; d) orniSna
ricxvTa simravle, romlebic srul kvadrats warmoadgenen.
6 Semdegi winadadebebidan romelia WeSmariti da romeli mcdari:

a) yoveli ori naturaluri ricxvis jami naturalur ricxvTa
simravlis elementia;
38
6. simravle
b) yoveli ori naturaluri ricxvis sxvaoba naturalur ricxvTa

simravlis elementia;
g) yoveli ori naturaluri ricxvis Sefardeba naturalur ricx-
vTa simravlis elementia;
d) yoveli ori naturaluri ricxvis namravli naturalur ricx-
vTa simravlis elementia.
7 dawereT:
a) samelementiani simravle, romlis elementebia qarTveli
mefeebi;
b) xuTelementiani simravle, romlis elementebia saqarTvelos
mdinareebi;
g) oTxelementiani simravle, romlis elementebia kavkasionis
mwvervalebi;
d) samelementiani simravle, romlis elementebia qarTveli
maTematikosebi.
8 ramden adgilas unda gadavxerxoT xis mori, rom miviRoT xuTi g

kunZi?
9 100 metr distanciaze (dasawyisSic da boloSic) TiTo metris

daSorebiT bavSvebma droSebi daasves. ramdeni droSaa sul da-
sobili?
10* ra cifriT bolovdeba:

a) 76; b) 39; a) 26; b) 49.
11* naxazze mocemulia marTkuTxa paralele x 25 sm

pipedis Slili. dawereT paralelepipedis
gverdiTi da sruli zedapiris farTobis
y
gamosaTvleli gamosaxulebebi da ipoveT
maTi mniSvneloba, roca:
a) x = 10 da y = 18;
b) x = 12,5 da y = 15.
12 arsebobs Tu ara ricxvi, romlis cifrebis namravlia 264?
13 ramdeni samniSna ricxvi arsebobs, romlis cifrebi marcxnidan

marjvniv zrdadobiT aris dalagebuli?
39
I Tavi
7. simravleTa toloba.
qvesimravle
1. dawereT: a) 18-is jeradi yvela orniSna ricxvis simravle;

b) simravle yvela im orniSna ricxvisa, romelic iyofa 2-zec
da 9-zec.
2. dawereT: a) saqarTvelos mefe-qalTa simravle;

b) qarTvel mefeTa simravle, romelTa mefobis periodsac
òqros xanas~ uwodeben.
daakvirdiT TiToeul amocanaSi miRebul simravleebs da upasuxeT:
ra aqvT maT saerTo da riT gansxvavdebian isini erTmaneTisgan.

vityviT, rom A da B simravleebi tolia da CavwerT A=B,
Tu es simravleebi Sedgeba erTi da imave elementebisagan.
ganmartebidan cxadia, rom, Tu A=B, maSin A simravlis yoveli

elementi aris B simravlis elementic da B simravlis yoveli
elementi A simravlis elementicaa. magaliTad, ganvixiloT ori
A={1;5;7} da B={5;7;1} simravle. es simravleebi Sedgeba erTi da
imave elementebisagan, e.i. A=B.
Tu A da B simravleebi araa toli, weren – A ≠ B.
Tu M={0; 5; 1; 2} da F={0; 5; 1}, am SemTxvevaSi, vxedavT, 2∈M, magram
2∉F e. i. M≠F.
1) dawereT qarTvel kosmonavtTa simravle.

2) dawereT 5x–7=9 gantolebis naturalur amonaxsenTa simravle.
radgan arc qarTveli kosmonavti gvyavs jerjerobiT da 5x–7=9
gantolebis amonaxsenic – x = 3,2 araa naturaluri ricxvi, orive
SemTxvevaSi miviReT simravle, romelsac ar gaaCnia arc erTi
elementi.
nebismier aracariel simravles, romelic arc erT elements ar Seicavs, carieli

simravles ori qvesim- simravle ewodeba. mas ∅ simboloTi aRniSnaven.
ravle mainc aqvs:
TviT es simravle da
carieli simravle. ganvixiloT ori, A da B simravle, A={2;5} da B={2;5;7}. rogorc
vxedavT, 2∈A da 2∈B, 5∈A da 5∈B, e. i. A simravlis yoveli elementi
B simravlis elementia.
40
Tu A simravlis yoveli elementi B simravlis elementicaa,
maSin A simravles B simravlis qvesimravles uwodeben da
weren: A ⊂ B, Tu A simravle ar aris B simravlis qvesimravle,
weren – A ⊄ B. Tu A ⊂ B da
B ⊂ C,
ganxilul magaliTSi A ⊂ B, anu {2;5} ⊂ {2;5;7}. maSin A ⊂ C.
miRebulia, rom carieli simravle nebismieri
simravlis qvesimravlea, ∅ ⊂ A.
B yuradReba!
or A da B simravles Soris damokidebuleba – 2∈{2;5;7} da {2}⊂{2;5;7}.
A ⊂ B, sqematurad SesaZlebelia ase gamovsaxoT.
A
magaliTi.
dawereT A={2;4;3} simravlis yvela qvesimravle.
amoxsna:
radgan ∅ simravle nebismieri simravlis qvesimravlea, amitom

∅ ⊂ A.
A simravlis erTelementiani qvesimravleebia: {2}, {4}, {3}.
A simravlis orelementiani qvesimravleebia: {2;4}, {2;3}, {4;3}.
A simravlis samelementiani qvesimravle TviT A simravlea.
{2;4;3},
e. i. A simravles gaaCnia 8 qvesimravle.
esenia: ∅, {2}, {4}, {3}, {2;4}, {2;3}, {3;4}, {2;4;3}.
SeavseT gamotovebuli adgilebi:
1. A aris 20-ze nakleb martiv ricxvTa simravle. A=B, maSin B={ ? }.
2. Tu A Tqvens saklaso oTaxSi myof ucxoplanetelTa simravlea,
maSin A = ? .
3. M qarTvel kompozitorTa simravlea, xolo F yvela drois
kompozitorTa simravle, maSin M ? F.
4. K qarTvel xelovanTa simravlea, xolo L qarTvel mocekvaveTa
simravle, maSin L ? K.
5. Tqvens klasSi myof gogonaTa simravle ? klasis moswavleTa
simravlisa.
41
I Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 WeSmaritia Tu ara qvemoT moyvanili winadadebebi:

a) {0;2}⊂{0;1;2;4;5}; b) {3;4;5;6}⊂{3;6;9;12};
g) {∅}⊂∅; d) {0}⊂∅; e) ∅⊂{0}; v) ∅⊂{∅};
z) {3;5;9}={9;3;5}; T) {2; 4; 6; 8; ...} = N.
pasuxi daasabuTeT.
2 arsebobs Tu ara iseTi simravle, romelsac aqvs:

a) mxolod erTi qvesimravle;
b) mxolod ori qvesimravle;
g) mxolod sami qvesimravle.
dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi moiyvaneT Sesabamisi magaliTebi.
3 dawereT A = {5;7;8;9} simravlis orelementiani qvesimravleebi.
4 SeadgineT sityvebi, romelTa Semadgeneli asoebis simravle

warmoadgens sityva `WeSmariteba~-s Semadgeneli asoebisgan
Semdgari simravlis qvesimravleebs.
5 A iyos qarTuli taZrebis simravle. dawereT misi xuTelemen-

tiani qvesimravle.
6 dawereT K = {2;7;11} simravlis yvela qvesimravle.
7 M qarTvel sportsmenTa simravlea. daasaxeleT simravlis

xuTelementiani qvesimravle, romlis elementebia:
a) fexburTelebi; b) moWadrake qalebi; g) kalaTburTelebi.
B 8 naxazze mocemulia ABC samkuTxedi. daxazeT:

a) AMN samkuTxedi, romlis wertilTa simravle
ABC samkuTxedis wertilTa simravlis qves im
ravlea;
b) EF monakveTi, romlis wertilTa simravle BC
A C monakveTis wertilTa simravlis qvesimravlea.
a
9 A={12;18;2;6} B={1;4;2;3}. 2b saxis ramdeni ricxvi iqneba B
simravlis elementi, Tu a∈A da b∈B?
10 P aris 40-ze naklebi dadebiT ricxvTa simravle. dawereT P-s

Semdegi qvesimravleebi:
a) luw ricxvTa;
b) kent ricxvTa;
g) martiv ricxvTa;
d) kvadratebis;
e) kubebis.
42
7. simravleTa toloba. qvesimravle
11 kentia, Tu luwi qvemoT mocemuli ricxvi, Tu cnobilia, rom

g
a kenti ricxvia:
a) 3a + 1; b) 8a – 4; g) 4a + 3; d) 7a + 6.
12 ramdeni elementisagan Sedgeba orniSna ricxvTa simravle.
13 ras udris umciresi xuTniSna da udidesi oTxniSna ricxvebis

sxvaoba.
14 ipoveT is udidesi ricxvi, romlis 15-ze naSTiani gayofisas

ganayofSi miiReba 12.
15 SeavseT qvemoT moyvanili cxrili. dawereT gamosaxuleba

(ori xerxiT), romelic gviCvenebs kviris ganmavlobaSi
aRebul Tanxas, Tu cnobilia, rom saaTobrivi anazRaureba
3 laris tolia.
saaTebis aRebuli
dReebi
raodenoba Tanxa
orSabaTi 7 sT
samSabaTi 6 sT
oTxSabaTi 5 sT
xuTSabaTi 7 sT
paraskevi 4 sT
saaTebis mTliani
raodenoba
16* wriul distanciaze, romlis sigrZe 100 metria, TiTo metris

daSorebiT bavSvebma droSebi daasves. sul ramdeni droSaa
wreze?
piTagora ambobda: `Cemi megobaria is, vinc aris Cemi meore me,
rogorc ricxvebi 220 da 284~.
riTaa SesaniSnavi es ricxvebi? _ TiToeulis sakuTar
gamyofTa jami meoris tolia. maT megobruli ricxvebi ewodeba.
megobruli ricxvebis Semdegi wyvili aRmoCenilia marokoeli
swavlulis ibi al-banis (1256-1321 ww.) traqtatSi. esenia 17296 da
18416.
dReisaTvis cnobilia megobrul ricxvTa 1100 wyvili.
43
I Tavi
8. simravleTa TanakveTa da
gaerTianeba
1. dafaze weria naturaluri ricxvebi 1-dan

20-mde. giam gadaxaza yoveli meore ricxvi wi-
Teli carciT, nanam ki yoveli mesame lurji
carciT. dawereT simravle im ricxvebisa,
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, ..., 20.
romlebic gadaxazulia:
a) wiTeli carciT (A simravle);
b) lurji carciT (B simravle);
g) orive feris carciT (C simravle).
daakvirdiT miRebul simravleebs da upasuxeT: rogor miiReba
C simravlis elementebi A da B simravlis elementebisgan?
vTqvaT, mocemuli gvaqvs ori – A da B simravle. am simravleTa
elementebis saSualebiT SevadginoT axali C simravle Semdegi
wesiT: C iyos yvela im elementTa simravle, romlebic ekuTv-
nis rogorc A, ise B simravles. amgvarad Sedgenil C simravles
A da B simravleebis TanakveTa ewodeba da Caiwereba ase:
C = A B ( – TanakveTis niSania).
vTqvaT, M={1;5;7}, N={3;5;7}.
radgan 5∈M da 5∈N, 7∈M da 7∈N, amitom M N={5;7}.
vTqvaT, mocemulia raime A da B simravle. maTi elementebis saSu-
alebiT SevadginoT axali M simravle, romelic Seicavs rogorc A
simravlis, aseve B simravlis yovel elements da Sedgeba mxolod
am elementebisagan. aseTi wesiT Sedgenil simravles A da B sim
ravleebis gaerTianeba ewodeba da Caiwereba ase: M=A B.
vTqvaT, A Tqveni klasis moswavle gogonaTa simravlea, B ki _
moswavle vaJebis simravle, maSin A B iqneba Tqveni klasis moswav-
leTa simravle.
 WeSmaritia Tu ara Semdegi winadadeba?

? 1. x∈A da x∉B, maSin: a) x∈A B; b) x∈A B;
2. x∉A da x∈B, maSin: a) x∈A B; b) x∈A B;
3. x∈A da x∈B, maSin: a) x∈A B; b) x∈A B;
4. x∈A B, maSin x∈A an x∈B;
5. x∈A B, maSin x∈A da x∈B.
A da B simravleTa TanakveTa da gaerTianeba SesaZlebelia ase
CavweroT: ikiTxeba:
simravle im x elementebisa, romlebisTvisac
A B = {x/x∈A da x∈B} sruldeba: x ekuTvnis A simravlesac da B
simravlesac.
simravle im x elementebisa, romlebisTvisac

A B = {x/x∈A an x∈B} sruldeba: x ekuTvnis an A an B simravles.
44
aCveneT, rom nebismieri A da B simravleebisTvis sruldeba:
a) A ∅ = ∅; b) Tu A ⊂ B, maSin A B = A.
g) A ∅ = A; d) A A = A; e) A A = A.
simravleTa TanakveTa da gaerTianeba sqematurad SesaZlebelia

ase gamovsaxoT:
C
A C B A B
A B=C A B=C
nax. 1
eiler-venis diagramebis daxmarebiT B leonard eileri

SesaZlebelia amoixsnas bevri amocana. A (1707-1783)
ganvixiloT ramdenime aseTi amocana. didi Sveicarieli maTe
matikosi leonard ei-
leri (1707-1783) rigi
amocanebis amoxsnisas
xSirad sargeblobda
amocana 1. msgavsi naxatebiT. mis
pativsacemad aseT wre
institutis 800 studentidan 670 inglisurs swavlobs, 300 _ ger- ebs eileris wreebi uwo
manuls, 200 ki _ orive enas. institutis ramdeni studenti swav- des. amocanebis amox
lobs inglisurs an germanuls? ramdeni studenti ar swavlobs snis grafikulma me
Todma gansakuTrebuli
arc inglisurs da arc germanuls? gamoyeneba hpova ing-
800 liseli maTematikosis
E-Ti aRvniSnoT simravle im stu- (logikosi) jon venis
dentebisa, romlebic swavloben in- (1843-1923) SromebSi.
670-200= 200 300-200=
glisurs, G-Ti ki — germanuls. E da man daxvewa da ganavi-
=470 =100 Tara es meTodi. amitom
G simravleebis TanakveTa Seicavs am diagramebs zogjer
200 elements. mxolod inglisurs eiler-venis diagrameb-
swavlobs 670–200=470 studenti, mxolod germanuls 300–200=100 sac uwodeben.
studenti. e.i. EUG simravle Seicavs 470+200+100=770 elements,
rac SesaZlebelia asec CavweroT: 670+300–200=770.
e. i. 770 studenti swavlobs an inglisurs da an germanuls, xolo
30 studenti _ arc erTs am enebidan. sazogadod, Tu A simravlis
elementebis raodenobas N(A)-Ti aRvniSnavT, maSin nebismieri A da
B simravleebisTvis Sesruldeba:
N(A B) = N(A) + N(B) – N(A B).
 aCveneT, rom
? Tu A B =∅, maSin N(A B)=N(A)+N(B).
45
I Tavi
amocana 2.
cnobilia, rom WeSmaritia Semdegi sami winadadeba:

TuTiyuSi Citia;  Jako TuTiyuSia;  Jako laparakobs.
A B C romeli daskvna gamomdinareobs aucileblad?
a) yvela TuTiyuSi laparakobs;
Jako
b) ar arsebobs molaparake Citi;
g) Tu Citi laparakobs, maSin is TuTiyuSia;
d) arsebobs molaparake Citi.
amoxsna:
A iyos yvela Citebis simravle, B – molaparake Citebis simravle,
C ki TuTiyuSebis simravle.
winadadeba “TuTiyuSi Citia” niSnavs, rom yvela TuTiyuSi Citia
anu TuTiyuSebis simravle Citebis simravlis qvesimravlea, e.i.
C⊂A.
radgan Jako TuTiyuSia, Jako ∈ C da radgan Jako laparakobs,
Jako∈B. e.i. Jako∈B, magram B⊂C. maSasadame, Sesabamis eiler-venis
diagramebs eqneba aseTi saxe.
a) winadadeba swori rom iyos, maSin unda sruldebodes piroba
C⊂B. e.i.
a) swori pasuxi ar aris;
b) pasuxi rom swori iyos, unda Sesruldes piroba Jako∉A. g)
pasuxi rom iyos swori, unda Sesruldes piroba B⊂C.
d) swori pasuxia, radgan Jako∈A.

N
M K a
1. Tu , maSin M ? a; N ? a; MK ? a;
2. Tu 2∈A da 2∈A B, maSin 2 ? B;

3. Tu 2∈A da 2∉A B, maSin 2 ? B;
4. Tu 5∈A da 5∉B, maSin 5 ? A B;
5. a) Tu A={2;4;6} da B={2;3}, maSin A ? B={2};
b) Tu M⊂K, maSin M ? K=K;
g) Tu E⊂F, maSin E ? F=E.
6. 7. 8.
A B = ? ; A B = ? ; A B = ? ;
9. A ∅ = ? ; 10. A ∅ = ? ; 11. A A = ? ;
46
8. simravleTa TanakveTa da gaerTianeba
savarjiSoebi:
1 M simravle iyos 2-is jerad ricxvTa simravle, K _ 3-is jerad

ricxvTa simravle. ipoveT M K .
2 eileris wreebis saSualebiT aCveneT, rom:

a) A A=A; b) A ∅=A; g) A A=A.
d) Tu B⊂A, maSin A B=A, sadac A da B nebismieri simravleebia.
3 a da b gansxvavebuli wrfeebia. ramden elements SeiZleba Sei-

cavdes a da b wrfeebis wertilTa simravleebis TanakveTa?
4 ipoveT naxazze mocemuli AB da CD monakveTebis wertilTa

simravleebis TanakveTa da gaerTianeba:
a) b)
A C B D A C D B
5 a) qarTvel studentTa simravlis TanakveTa sportsmenTa

simravlesTan aris ? .
b) saqarTveloSi mcxovreb mdedrobiTi sqesis adamianTa
simravlis TanakveTa 15 wlamde asakis bavSvebis simravlesTan
aris ? .
g) Tqveni klasis moswavle gogonebis simravlis gaerTianeba
Tqvenive klasis moswavle vaJebis simravlesTan aris ? .
d) Tqveni klasis friadosan moswavleTa simravles TanakveTa
skolis friadosan moswavleTa simravlesTan aris ? .
6 gadaixazeT naxazze mocemuli figurebi rveulSi da wiTlad

SeaferadeT ABC da ACD samkuTxedebis wertilTa simravleebis
1) gaerTianeba; 2) TanakveTa.
a) B C b) A C g) B
A D D B A C
7 vTqvaT A={1;2;8}, B={2;4;6}, C={1;3;2}. ipoveT:

a) A B C ; b) A B C .
8 M iyos qarTuli anbanis xmovan aso-bgeraTa, F ki _ TanxmovanTa

simravle. ramden elementiani simravlea: a) M F ; b) M F ?
9 klasSi inglisurs swavlobs 15 bavSvi, germanuls – 17, orive

enas erTdroulad – 8 bavSvi. ramdeni bavSvia klasSi?
10 ramden elementiani simravlea A B, Tu A aris 1–dan 10–is

CaTvliT yvela naturaluri ricxvis kvadratebis simravle,
xolo B – amave ricxvebis kubebis simravle.
47
I Tavi
11 37 studenti abarebs gamocdas fizikaSi (P), 48 qimiaSi (C) da 45
biologiaSi (B). 15 studenti abarebs fizikasac da qimiasac, 13
qimias da biologias, 7 fizikas da biologias da 5 samive sagans.
a) daxazeT Sesabamisi venis diagramebi;
b) iangariSeT N(P C B).
12 qeTis kata yovelTvis axvelebs wvimis wina dRes. dRes katam

daaxvela. xval wvima iqneba – daskvna qeTim sworia Tu ara qeTis
daskvna?
13 mocemulia, rom WeSmaritia Semdegi ori winadadeba

 mxolod yvavebma ician frena;
 yvela yvavi Savia.
romeli daskvna gamomdinareobs maTgan aucileblad?
a) Tu Citi Savia, man icis frena;
b) Tu Citi Savia, maSin is yvavia;
g) Tu Citi dafrinavs, maSin is Savia;
d) bulbulma icis frena.
g 14* gia da daTo Sevidnen TxuTmetsarTulian saxlSi, romlis

pirveli sarTuli quCis donezea. gia avida mexuTe sarTulze.
romel sarTulze unda avides daTo, rom orjer meti raode-
nobis safexuri aiaros? (sarTulebs Soris safexurebis ra-
odenoba Tanabaria).
15 gaSaleT saTanrigo Sesakrebebad: a) 34097; b) 287401.
16 gamoTvaleT: (2 + 4 + 6 + ... + 2014) – (1 + 3 + 5 + ... + 2013).
17 iyofa Tu ara 11·21·31·41· ... ·2011–1 ricxvi 10-ze?
18* romeli ricxvi metia:

10 11
10 + 1 10 + 1
a) 31 11
da 17 ;
14
b) 11 da 12 .
10 + 1 10 + 1
48
jgufuri mecadineoba
1. koncertis monawile bavSvebidan 30-ma icekva, 40-ma leqsi

waikiTxa. 5-ma icekva, imRera da leqsic waikiTxa. 11-ma icekva da
leqsi waikiTxa, 14-ma icekva da imRera, 12-ma ki _ leqsi waikiTxa
da imRera. ramdeni bavSvi iyo, romelmac:
a) mxolod icekva? b) mxolod leqsi waikiTxa?
miTiTeba:
C iyos simravle im bavSvebisa, romlebmac icekves;
M – simravle im bavSvebisa, romlebmac imReres;
L – simravle im bavSvebisa, romlebmac leqsi waikiTxes.
I. N(C L M) = 5. III. N(C M) = 14.

II. N(C L) = 11. IV. N(M L) = 12.
venis diagramebidan Cans, rom

N(mxolod icekva)=30–(9+5+6)=10.
N(mxolod leqsi waikiTxa)=40–(6+5+7)=22.
Tu yuradRebiT gaiazreT zemoT ganxiluli amocana, maSin

albaT, advilad amoxsniT Semdeg amocanebs:
2. 100 mecxreklaselidan 32 swavlobs franguls, 25 _

inglisurs, 30 ki _ germanuls. ramdeni bavSvi swavlobs
samive enas, Tu franguls da inglisurs swavlobs 5
bavSvi, inglisurs da germanuls _ 7, franguls da
germanuls _ 9 bavSvi, amasTan 30 bavSvi am sami enidan
arc erTs ar swavlobs?
3. 75 mecxreklaselidan 25 fexburTze dadis, 30 _ kalaTburTze,

40 ki _ mZleosnobaze. ramdeni bavSvi dadis sportis samive
saxeobaze, Tu fexburTze da kalaTburTze dadis 8 bavSvi,
kalaTburTze da mZleosnobaze _ 10, xolo fexburTze da
mZleosnobaze _ 7 bavSvi?
49
I Tavi
9. simravleTa sxvaoba
kvadratuli formis muyaos furclebiT ninom daamza-

da 1-dan 100-mde kent naturalur ricxvTa baraTebi,
xolo Takom – luw naturalur ricxvTa baraTebi. mas-
wavlebelma giorgis daavala am baraTebidan 3-is jera-
di baraTebi amoerCia. romel ricxvTa baraTebi darCa:
a) Takos? b) ninos?
gavecnoT kidev erT moqmedebas simravleebze –

simravleTa sxvaobas.
A da B simravleebis sxvaoba aris A-s yvela im elementTa

simravle, romlebic ar ekuTvnis B-s. A da B simravleTa sx
vaoba aRiniSneba A\B simboloTi da ikiTxeba À minus B”.
e.i. A\B={x∈A / x∉B}, an asec A\B={x / x∈A; x∉B}.
amrigad, Tu (x∈A\B), maSin (x∈A da x∉B), da piriqiT, Tu (x∈A da

x∉B), maSin (x∈A\B).
magaliTad, Tu A={7;4;2} da B={7;9}, maSin A\B={4;2}, radgan 4;2∈A
da 4;2∉B, xolo 7∈A da 7∈B.
nax. 1 A da B simravleebis sxvaoba zogadad (eiler-venis diagramiT)

ase gamoisaxeba (nax. 1).
Tu A⊂B, maSin B\A simravles ewodeba A simravlis damateba B

simravlemde da aRiniSneba CBA simboloTi (nax. 2 Seferadebu-
lia). magaliTad, luw naturalur ricxvTa simravlis damate-
ba naturalur ricxvTa simravlemde iqneba kent naturaluri
ricxvTa simravle.
nax. 2
vTqvaT, m raime naturaluri ricxvia, Nm-iT aRvniSnoT natu-
ralur ricxvTa simravle 1-dan m-mde (1-is da m-is CaTvliT).
yuradReba! Nm = {1;2;3;...;m}
A\B ≠ B\A
imetyveleT sworad!
A B – A da B simravleTa gaerTianeba.
A B – A da B simravleTa TanakveTa.
A\B – A da B simravleTa sxvaoba (A simravles minus B simravle).
N\{3} – yvela naturaluri ricxvi garda 3-sa, an naturalur ricxvTa
simravles gamoklebuli erTelementiani simravle elementiT 3.
CMK – K simravlis damateba M simravlemde, Tu K ⊂ M .
50
1. ; 2. A \ ∅ = ? ; 3. {2; 4}\{4;7}= ? ;
A\B= ?
4. ; 5. A \ A = ? ; 6. ∅ \ A = ? .

A \ B ? A \ (A B)
savarjiSoebi
1 mocemulia ori simravle: A={1;5;7;8};B={5;7;10;15}.
ipoveT:
a) N(A); b) N(B); g) N(A B);
d) N(A B); eE) N(A\B); vE) N(B\A).
2 A iyos 30-ze naklebi martiv ricxvTa simravle, B _ 30-ze

naklebi kent ricxvTa simravle, C _ erTniSna natural-
ur ricxvTa simravle. ipoveT:
a) N(A B); b) N(A B C); g) N(A C); d) N(B C);
e) N(B C); v) N(A B C); z) N(A\C); T) N(C\B).
3 viciT, rom N(A)=15; N(B)=10.

a) ra umciresi mniSvneloba SeiZleba miiRos N(A B) da N(A B);
b) ra udidesi mniSvneloba SeiZleba miiRos N(A B) da N(A B)?
{ } { }
4 cnobilia, rom B = 17; 4; 2; 34 ; 5 ; F = 5; 2; 34 ; 9 ; D = {0;7}, L = {5;9}
ipoveT: a) B\F; b) D\F; g) F\B; d) CFL.
5 F-iT aRvniSnoT naxazze gamosaxuli wris wertilTa simravle,

K-Ti ki – imave naxazze mocemuli ABCD oTxkuTxedis wertilTa
simravle. gadaixazeT mocemuli naxazi da yoveli davalebis
Sesrulebisas da daStrixeT:
a) F K; b) F K; g) F\K; d) K\F; e) CKF.
6 A iyos 5-is jerad ricxvTa simravle. B ki _ 5-iT daboloebul

ricxvTa simravle. aRwereT A \ B simravle.
7 K aris AL sxivis wertilTa simravle, F – MN mon-

akveTis wertilTa simravle, L ki – NM sxivis
wertilTa simravle. ipoveT (daStrixeT):
a) K F; b) K F; g) K\F; d) F L; e) K L; v) L\K.
51
I Tavi
8* gadaxateT naxazze gamosaxuli figura yoveli davalebis Ses-
rulebisas da daStrixeT:
a) A B C; b) A B C; g) A\C; d) B\A;
e) (A B)\C; v) A\(B C); z) (A\B) C;
T) (A B)\(B C); i) (A B) (C B); k) (A C) B.
9 A, B da C iyos simravle im moswavleebisa, romlebmac maTema-

tikis olimpiadaze daimsaxures, Sesabamisad, I, II da III xarisx-
is diplomi. M iyos 199-e skolis moswavleTa simravle, K ki
fizikis olimpiadaSi gamarjvebul moswavleTa simravle.
daaxasiaTeT aRweriT:
a) A K; b) (A B C) K; g) A K;
U
d) (A UB)\K; e) B K; v) M K.
g 10 maTematikur WidilSi monawileobis msurvelTaTvis gamo

qveynda gancxadeba. daadgineT ra nomerze unda darekon
msurvelebma.
gancxadeba:
gamoiyeneT miniSnebebi a, b, c da d-s sapovnelad
da dagvirekeT nomerze 99-ab-cd.
1) a, b, c da d gansxvavebuli cifrebia; 4) b aris 6-is gamyofi;
2) d orjer metia b-ze; 5) c<d;
3) a, b da c martivi ricxvebia; 6) a umciresi martivi ricxvia.
11 matarebeli moZraobs 72 km/sT siCqariT. ipoveT matareblis

sigrZe, Tu matarebelma:
a) baqanze mdgom damkvirvebels Cauara 8 wm-Si.
b) 120 m sigrZis baqans Cauara 12 wm-Si.
g) imave mimarTulebiT 60km/sT siCqariT moZrav avtomobils
Cauara 30wm-Si.
d) imave mimarTulebiT 60 km/sT siCqariT moZrav, imave sig-
rZis matarebels Cauara 1 wuTSi.
e) Semxvedri mimarTulebiT 60 km/sT siCqariT moZrav imave
sigrZis matarebels Cauara 6 wm-Si.
52
1. mocemulia, rom A={2; 3; 7; –7} maSin WeSmaritia:
a) 2∉A; b) 3∉A; g) –7∉A; d) 7∈A.
2. A simravle 7-is jerad ricxvTa simravlea, maSin WeSmaritia:
a) 19∈A; b) 20∈A; g) 21∉A; d) 47∉A.
3. Tu A simravle 3-is jerad ricxvTa simravlea, B simravle ki – 6-is

jerad ricxvTa simravle, maSin WeSmaritia:
a) A = B; b) A ⊂ B;
g) B ⊂ A; d) arc erTi pasuxi swori ar aris.
4. simravle, romelsac mxolod erTi qvesimravle aqvs, aris:
a) erTelementiani simravle; b) carieli simravle;
g) orelementiani simravle; d) aseTi simravle ar arsebobs.
5. Tu a∈A da B nebismieri simravlea, maSin aucileblad:
a) a ∈ B; b) a ∈ A B; g) a ∈ A B; d) A B = ∅ .
6. Tu A ⊂ B da b ∈ B, maSin aucileblad:
a) b ∈ A ; b) b ∈ A da b ∈ B; g) b ∈ A B; d) b ∈ A B.
C
7. naxazze mocemulia AB da CD monakveTebi. maSin AB monakveTis
wertilTa simravlis TanakveTa DC monakveTis wertilTa simrav- A
P B
lesTan aris:
D
a) ∅; b) {A;B;P}; g) {P}; d) {P;B}.
8. mocemulia A={1;2;3}; B={2;3}; C={4;6} maSin A B aris:
a) ∅; b) {2}; g) {1;2;3;4;6}; d) {2;4;6}.
53
I Tavi
9. mocemulia, rom A={1;2}; B={2;3}; C={1;2;3}. maSin WeSmaritia:
a) A B=C; b) B C = A ; g) A C = B ; d) A B = C .
10. mocemulia A ⊂ B, maSin WeSmaritia:

a) Tu x∈B, maSin x∈A; b) Tu x∉B, maSin x∉A;
g) Tu x∉A, maSin x∉B; d) Tu x∈A, maSin x∉B.
Tu A svetis ujraSi mocemuli raodenoba metia B svetis Sesabamis

ujraSi mocemul raodenobaze, airCieT (A);
Tu B svetis ujraSi mocemuli raodenoba metia A svetis Sesabamis
ujraSi mocemul raodenobaze, airCieT (B);
Tu ujrebSi mocemuli raodenobebi tolia (C);
Tu mocemuli informacia araa sakmarisi SedarebisTvis, airCieT (D).
A B A B C D
11. 3,1·2,3 3,2·2,2 A B C D

2 1
12. 32 +1 7 –28 37 26–20 A B C D
7
13. 37,9·18,5 74·11 A B C D
14. 36 93 A B C D
15. 30 03 A B C D
16. a da b ricxvebs Soris operacia asea ganmartebuli: a · b = b2 – a2

risi tolia 4 · 5:
a) 9; b) 10; g) 11; d) 12.
17*. a=5k+2 b=25p+3, maSin a+b moicema formuliT:

a) 5n; b) 5n+1; g) 5n+2; d) 5n+3.
18. im ricxvis formula, romelis 13-ze gayofisas naSTia 3, iqneba:

a) 3k+13; b) 13k+3; g) 13k–3; d) 3k–13.
19*. orSabaTobiT ninos kata Tevzs miirTmevs, xolo 5-is jerad ricx-
vebSi ki rZes. roca kata Tevzsac SeWams da rZesac miirTmevs, muceli
stkivdeba. am Tvis romel ricxvSi etkineba aucileblad ninos katas
muceli, Tu am Tvis pirveli ricxvi xuTSabaTia?
a) 5; b) 10; g) 15; d) 20.
54
I Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi:
1 dawereT 5-dan 37-mde moTavsebul: a) luw ricxvTa simravle;

b) 4-is jerad ricxvTa simravle; g) im ricxvTa simravle, romlebic 6-ze
gayofisas naSTSi 2-s gvaZleven.
2* dawereT 8-dan 11-mde moTavsebul im ukvec wiladTa simravle, romelTa

mniSvnelia: a) 3; b) 7.
3 qvemoT moyvanili winadadebebidan, romelia WeSmariti da romeli

mcdari:
a) ricxvebi, romelTa bolo cifria 0, iyofa 5-ze;
b) 5-ze iyofa mxolod 0-iT daboloebuli ricxvebi;
g) Tu a iyofa 2-ze, maSin a+2 gaiyofa 4-ze;
d) sami momdevno ricxvis namravli iyofa 6-ze.
4 daasaxeleT is udidesi da umciresi naturaluri ricxvi, romelTa

Sorisacaa moTavsebuli gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba:
1 1 2 2 5 4
7 18 ` 19 91 : 61 + 556 116 - 10 2
a) `1 12 : 2, 42: 1, 21 1 ·0, 32 ; 2
b) 2 2 4 5 : 5 7 5 ;
19 16 - 14 2 : 72 101 1 : 23 - 134
41 ·1
5 23 5 5 50
7 - 5 2
d) (2,4+(3,21–0,3)·2–0,44:2): 2 .
85 83 :2
g) 30 18 3 ;
0, 04 5
5 gamoTvaleT kalkulatoris gamoyenebis gareSe:

32527·32324 – 32528·32323.
6* ipoveT umciresi ricxvi, romelic 2-ze, 3-sa da 11-ze gayofisas naSTSi

gvaZlevs 1-s.
7* daamtkiceT, rom Tu a+1 iyofa 3-ze, maSin (4 + 7a) aseve gaiyofa 3-ze.
8 CawereT Semdegi ricxvebis jams damatebuli maTive gaorkecebuli nam-

ravli: a) a da x; b) 3 da y; g) x, y da z.
9 CawereT b da a ricxvebis c ricxvze gayofiT miRebuli ganayofTa jami.
10 1 kg kanfeti 2 lari Rirs. dawereT x kilogrami kanfetis Rirebuleba.

ra Rirs: a) 15kg? b) 32kg? g) 3,5kg? d) a kg kanfeti?
11 a luwi ricxvia. WeSmaritia, Tu mcdari:

a) a + 4 luwi ricxvia; b) 2a –3 luwi ricxvia;
g) 5a + 5 kenti ricxvia; d) 3a aris 6-is jeradi.
12 CawereT utolobis saxiT, romelia meti:

a) a + 2 Tu a + 3; b) b + 1 Tu b – 1.
55
I Tavi
1
13 SeiZleba Tu ara + 2 gamosaxuleba iyos erTze meti? pasuxi daas-
1 x
abuTeT.
14 WeSmaritia Tu ara:
5 3 1 1 2 1 1
a) 7 5 1
16 : 2 1 5
1
2
11 3 ;
·3 b) 7 + 5 - 3 - 1 · 7 2 17 3 - 21 2 + 3 ;
6 2 12 12 7
g) 7,4 · 0,38 – 0,19 · 5,4 · 2 < 0,76 · 8,3 – 8,3 · 0,66.
15* daamtkiceT, rom x-is nebismieri naturaluri mniSvnelobisaTvis

Semdegi utolobebi WeSmaritia:
a) 9x2 – 5 > 0; b) 2x2 – 1 > 0.
16 telegramis gagzavnisas TiTo sityvaSi 9 TeTrs ixdian da kidev 20

TeTrs momsaxurebisas:
a) ra Rirs telegramis gagzavna, Tu is x sityvisgan Sedgeba. ipoveT
miRebuli gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba, roca x = 5; 10; 12.
b) ramdeni sityvisagan Sedgeba telegrama, Tu mis gagzavnaSi 2 lari
gadaixades?
17 ramdeni naturaluri ricxvi akmayofilebs utolobas:

a) 22 ≤ n ≤ 38; b) 76 ≤ n ≤ 105.
18 amoxseniT gantoleba: a) x + 165376:323 = 704;

b) 383·x + 22222 = 101503; g) y:703 + 1987 = 7891;
d) 3x + 2x – 18 = 32; e) x + 3,7 + 4x + 2,4 = 96.
19 ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba yvelaze moxerxebuli xerxiT:

a) 9999 + 9999 + 9999 + 5; b) 999 + 998 + 997 + 6;
g) 998 + 998 + 998 + 9; d) 99999 + 99999 + 10.
20 dawereT marTkuTxedis perimetris gamosaTvleli gamosaxuleba, Tu

sigrZe 3-jer metia siganeze. ipoveT aseTi marTkuTxedis gverdebis
sigrZe, Tu perimetri a) 40 sm-ia, b) 60 sm-ia.
21 ipoveT sami ricxvi, romelTa jamia 222, Tu meore ricxvi 2-jer meti,
mesame ki 3-jer metia pirvelze.
22 ipoveT sami naturaluri ricxvi, romelTa jamia 111111, Tu pirveli

2-jer naklebia, mesame ki 2-jer meti meoreze.
23 ipoveT:
a) 892; b) 152; g) 232; d) 26; e) 122; v) 142;
z) 0,33; T) 54; i) 0,24; k) 35; l) 3,12; m) 162; n) 172.
24 ra cifriT dabolovdeba:
a) 235 · 35 – 25 · 17; b) 31 · 510 + 63 · 97;
g) 482 – 322; d) 273 – 57 · 32.
56
I Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi
25 daasaxeleT 356-ze naklebi udidesi ricxvi, romelic 3-ze gayofisas

naSTSi gvaZlevs 2-s.
26 ipoveT udidesi samniSna ricxvi, romelsac mxolod sami gamyofi aqvs.
27 *-is nacvlad CawereT iseTi cifri (cifrebi), rom miRebuli ricxvi:

a) 6*35 gaiyos 3-ze; b) 823*2 gaiyos 4-ze;
g) 12*5 gaiyos 9-ze; d) 2870* gaiyos 6-ze.
e) *245 gaiyos 3-ze; v) 705*1 gaiyos 9-ze;
z) 825*4 gaiyos 4-ze; T) 825*4 gaiyos 6-ze.
28 1 ivnisi SabaTia, ra dRe iqneba:

a) imave wlis 28 ivnisi; b) imave wlis 18 ivlisi;
g) imave wlis 1 agvisto; d) imave wlis 23 ivnisi.
29 daasruleT winadadeba:
a) saklebi gaadides 18-iT, maklebi Seamcires 10-iT, maSin sxvaoba ...
b) saklebi gaadides 20-iT, maklebi gaadides 20-iT, maSin sxvaoba ...
g) gasayofi gaadides 2-jer, gamyofi – 4-jer, maSin ganayofi ...
d) gasayofi gaadides 4-jer, gamyofi Seamcires 2-jer, maSin ganayofi ...
e) I Tanamamravli gaadides 2-jer, meore ki Seamcires 4-jer, maSin
namravli ...
v) I Tanamamravli gaadides k-jer, II ki Seamcires k-jer, maSin namravli ...
30 dawereT formula ricxvebisa, romlebic

a) 7-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZleven 1-s;
b) 5-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 3-s;
g) 3-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 2-s;
d) 10-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 8-s;
e) 5-is jeradi ricxvebis;
v) 6-is jeradi ricxvebis.
31 skolaSi 1000 moswavlea. 640 moswavle inglisurs swavlobs. 550 –

rusuls. 100 moswavle ar swavlobs arc erT enas. ramdeni moswavle
swavlobs orive enas?
32 500 me-7 klaselidan 450 dadis curvaze an fexburTze. 220 dadis

mxolod curvaze, 150 ki mxolod fexburTze. ramdeni bavSvi dadis
curvazec da fexburTzec.
33 A samis jerad ricxvTa simravlea. dawereT A simravlis 5-is jerad

orniSna ricxvTa qvesimravle.
34 dawereT Tqveni skolis friadosan moswavleTa simravlis TanakveTa

Tqveni klasis moswavleTa simravlesTan.
57
I Tavi
35 A={2;5;12}; B={5;12;3;18}. ipoveT:
a) A B; b) A B; g) A\B; d) B\A;
e) A simravlis yvela qvesimravle; v) B simravlis yvela qvesimravle.
36 cnobilia, rom a + b = 3a – 4b. ipoveT:

a) 5 + 3; b) 10 + 7; g) 8 + 1; d) 7 + 5; e) 3 + 2.
37 erTi rveuli x TeTri Rirs, 1 wigni – y TeTri. dawereT 5 rveulisa da

7 wignis Rirebulebis gamosaTvleli gamosaxuleba larebSi.
38 erT nakveTze x xe darges, meoreze 2-jer meti, mesameze ki 3-iT meti,

vidre meoreze. dawereT gamosaxuleba: ramdeni xe darges samive
nakveTze.
39 erTi manqana x km/sT siCqariT moZraobs meore 5 km/sT-iT meti siCqariT.

ra manZils gaivlis orive manqana 5 saaTSi?
40 1 Tojina x lari Rirs, 1 burTi ki y lari. dawereT gamosaxuleba:

a) ra Rirs 3 Tojina da 2 burTi;
b) ramdeni lariT meti Rirs 7 burTi 2 Tojinaze;
g) ramdeni lariT naklebi Rirs 1 Tojina 2 burTze.
41 dawereT 36-isa da 24-is martiv gamyofTa simravleebis TanakveTa,

gaerTianeba.
42 ipoveT A simravlis yvela qvesimravle:

a) A={2}; b) A={2;5}; g) A={2;5;3}; d) A={1;2;–2;0}.

a) (15·11 + 6·11) iyofa 7-ze; b) (38·13 + 14·13) iyofa 4-ze.
44 avtomobili qalaqSi moZraobda x km/sT siCqariT 1 sT-is

ganmavlobaSi, xolo avtobanze 2 sT-is ganmavlobaSi y km/sT
siCqariT.
dawereT gamosaxuleba:
a) ramdeni kilometri gaiara avtomobilma qalaqSi;
b) ramdeni kilometri gaiara avtomobilma avtobanze;
g) ramdeni kilometriT meti gaiara avtomobilma avtobanze, vidre
qalaqSi?
45 qveiTis siCqarea V km/sT, xolo velosipedistis b km/sT-iT meti.

a) ramdeni kilometrs gaivlis velosipedisti t sT-Si? m sT-Si?
b) ra dros daxarjavs qveiTi im manZilis gavlaze, romelsac velo-
sipedisti gaivlis t sT-Si?
58
46 A da B punqtebidan erTmaneTis Sesaxvedrad gamovidnen velosipe-

disti V1 km/sT siCqariT da motociklisti V2 km/sT siCqariT. isini
erTmaneTs Sexvdnen t sT-is Semdeg.
a) risi tolia velosipedistis da motociklistis erTmaneTTan
daaxloebis siCqare?
b) risi tolia AB manZili?
g) ramdeni kilometriT meti gaiara Sexvedramde motociklistma, vi-
dre velosipedistma?
47 A punqtidan erTdroulad erTi mimarTulebiT gavida msubuqi da sa

tvirTo avtomobilebi, romelTa siCqareebi, Sesabamisad aris x km/sT
da y km/sT.
a) risi tolia daSorebis siCqare?
b) ra manZili iqneba maT Soris t sT-is Semdeg?
48 ostatis Sromis nayofiereba erT saaTSi 12 detaliT metia, vidre

misi Segirdis. ostatma imuSava 2 saaTi, Segirdma _ 5 saaTi. ramdeni
detali daamzada 1 saaTSi ostatma, Tu:
a) ostatma da Segirdma erTnairi raodenobis detalebi daamzades;
b) ostatma da Segirdma erTad 80 detali daamzades;
g) ostatma daamzada 9 detaliT meti, vidre Segirdma;
d) ostatma daamzada 2-jer meti detali, vidre Segirdma.
49* a) ipoveT umciresi naturaluri ricxvi, romelic 12-ze gayofisas

iZleva naSTs 4-s, xolo 5-ze gayofisas 2-s.
b) ipoveT udidesi samniSna ricxvi, romelic 13-ze gayofisas iZleva
naSTs 10-s, xolo 8-ze gayofisas 2-s.
50 amoxseniT gantolebebi:
a) x5=32; b) x3=216; g) x2=1; d) 3x4=48.
51* amoxseniT gantolebebi:

x
a) 22x =128; b) 3x–3 =243; g) 52 =125; d) 2 3x–4 =256.
52 CawereT ricxvi, romelic mocemulia saTanrigo Sesakrebebis jamis

saxiT:
a) 3·105 + 4·104 + 7·103 + 2·102 + 8·10 + 4; b) 8·106 + 9·103 + 5;
g) 1·104 + 1·102 + 1; d) 3·105 + 5·103 + 4·102 + 8.
53 A da B aracarieli simravleebia, maSin qvemoT CamoTvlili simrav-

leebidan romelia aucileblad carieli?
a) A\(A B); b) A\(A B); g) (A B)\A; d) (A B)\B.
54 mocemulia A={2;4;6}; B={6;8}. ipoveT:

a) N((A B)\(A B)); b) N((A\B) (B\A)).
59
I Tavi
?
100
55 ipoveT 777...7 -is B ricxvze gayofis naSTi, Tu B=:

a) 77; b) 777; g) 77777; d) S
77...7 .
32
56 amowerilia yvela mTeli n ricxvi, romelic akmayofilebs pirobas

25≤n≤425. gansazRvreT amowerilTa Soris ramdenia:
a) mTeli ricxvi;
b) iseTi, romlis pirveli cifri marcxnidan 3-iania;
g) iseTi, romlis bolo cifria 0;
d) iseTi, romelic mxolod erTi cifriTaa Cawerili (mag., 11).
57 erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi ramden TveSia SesaZlebeli iyos xuTi xuT-

SabaTi?
58 ipoveT ricxvi, romlis 85-ze gayofis naSTia 23, xoli arasruli ganayofi
ki – 13.
59 A ricxvis 1267-ze gayofis naSTica da arasruli ganayofic 387-ia.

ipoveT A ricxvis 1268-ze gayofis naSTi.
60 aCveneT, rom:
a) 1·2·3·...·100+1 ricxvi ar iyofa 101-ze nakleb arc erT ricxvze;
b) 1·2·3·...·200–1 ricxvi ar iyofa 210-ze nakleb arc erT ricxvze.
61 daamtkiceT, rom n(n+1)(n+2) ricxvi iyofa 6-ze, n∈N.
62 ipoveT Semdegi ricxvebis u.s.g. da u.s.j.:

10!=1·2·3·4·...·10
n!=1·2·3·4·...·n a)S
11 ... 11 da S
11 ... 11 ; b)S
33 ... 33 da S
33 ... 33 ; g) 214 $ 37 da 211 $ 311 ;
1!=1 100 50 50 150
d) 2 $ 5
20 13
da 2 $ 5 $ 7 ;
11 14 6
e) 214
da 25!; v) 371 da 1891!;
z) 2100 da 100!; T) 134!–1 da 133; i) 255!–9 da 9009.
63 ipoveT:
a) u.s.g. (1804; 328); b) u.s.g. (1023; 1353);
g) u.s.g. (15283; 10013); d) u.s.g. (21120; 30720).
64 ramdeni gansxvavebuli naturaluri gamyofi aqvs ricxvebs:

a) 47; b) 120; g) 80;
d) 26; e) 2 12·5; v) 2 5·3 3·5 2.
65 ipoveT samniSna ricxvi, romelsac aqvs mxolod:

a) sami gamyofi; b) xuTi gamyofi.
66 aCveneT rom:
a) 2001-ze gayofiT miRebuli yvela SesaZlo naSTebis jami iyofa 2001-ze;
b) 2002-ze gayofiT miRebuli yvela SesaZlo naSTebis jami iyofa ar
2002-ze.
60
67 daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri n momdevno naturaluri ricxvis namravli

iyofa n-ze.
68 dawereT saxe im ricxvebisa, romlebic:

a) jeradia 7-is;
b) 8-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 5-s;
g) 5-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 3-s;
d) 21-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 13-s;
69 35-is n-ze gayofisas naSTi miiReba 7. ra umciresi (udidesi) mniSvn-

eloba SeiZleba qondes n-s?
70 ra ricxvze unda gavyoT 89, rom ganayofi iyos 8 da naSTi 9?
71 n ricxvis 24-ze gayofis naSTia 7. risi toli iqneba naSTi, Tu n-s

gavyofT:
a) 12-ze; b) 6-ze; g) 72-ze; d) 48-ze.
72 n ricxvis 15-ze gayofis naSTi 7-is tolia. risi toli iqneba naSTi, Tu
n-s gavyofT: a) 5-ze; b) 3-ze; g) 30-ze; d) 45-ze.
73 SeavseT cxrili:
a) 3-ze gayofis naSTi 0 1 2 b) 5-ze gayofis naSTi 0 1 2 3 4
n n
5n 7n
7n 2n
2n+3 3n+4
n2 n2
n 2 +7n+4 n 2 +n+8
74 ipoveT bolo cifri:

a) 222157 +33157 +444157; b) 121121 +242242 +343343.
75 ipoveT 4-ze, 5-ze, 9-ze, 3-ze, 10-ze gayofis naSTebi (gayofis Seusrule-
blad):
a) 2157; b) 1284; g) 3541; d) 8254.
76 23 4 SeavseT carieli ujrebi ise, rom miRebuli ricxvi gaiyos:
a) 15-ze; b) 36-ze; g) 45-ze; d) 9-ze.
77 43 7 SeavseT carieli ujrebi ise, rom miRebuli ricxvis:

a) 9-ze gayofisas naSTSi miviRoT 2;
b) 5-ze gayofisas naSTSi miviRoT 3;
g) 4-ze gayofisas naSTSi miviRoT 1;
d) 15-ze gayofisas naSTSi miviRoT 2.
61
I Tavi
78 gaarkvieT martivia Tu ara ricxvebi:
a) 467; b) 477; g) 977; d) 1001.
79 daamtkiceT, rom yovel 3-ze met martiv ricxvs aqvs saxe 6n+1 an 6n–1.
samarTliani iqneba Tu ara Sebrunebuli debuleba?
80 daamtkiceT, rom:
a) 2357–1 iyofa 234-ze; b) 20002007–1 iyofa 2000-ze;
g) (19n–1) 19, n∈N; d) (15n+6) 7, n∈N.
81 ramdeni nuliT bolovdeba:

a) 10!; b) 20!; g) 100!; d) 25·26·...·50.
82 daamtkiceT, rom (p2–1) 24, Tu p samze meti martivi ricxvia.
83 daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri n∈N-Tvis (n3+2n) 3.
84 ramden 2-ians Seicavs Tanamamravlad 100!?
85 iyofa Tu ara 90-ze 100100...100 1?

144 244 3
81 - jer
86 ipoveT yvela 34x5y saxis ricxvi, romelic iyofa 36-ze.
87 daamtkiceT, rom Tu naturaluri ricxvis cifrTa jamia 15, maSin igi

ver warmodgeba naturaluri ricxvis kvadratis saxiT.
88 romeliRac n naturaluri ricxvis 6-ze gayofisas naSTi miiReba 4,

xolo 15-ze gayofisas 7. ra naSTi miiReba n-is 30-ze gayofisas?
89 ra ricxvze unda gavyoT ricxvi 180, rom naSTSi darCes ganayofis me
xuTedi?
90 daamtkiceT, rom S
11...1 ricxvi iyofa 81-ze.
81 - jer
91 100-dan 1000-is CaTvliT ramdeni mTeli ricxvia iseTi, romlis Canaweri

Seicavs sam erTnair cifrs?
92 SesaZlebelia, Tu ara, rom dominis 28 qva ise ganvalagoT mwkrivSi,

rom:
a) 6-iani iyos mxolod mwkrivis erT boloSi;
b) mwkrivis orive boloSi iyos 6-iani.
93’ daamtkiceT, rom nebismier TerTmet mTel ricxvs Soris moiZebneba

ori, romelTa sxvaobac iyofa 10-ze.
62
94 sworia Tu ara, rom nebismierad arCeul ocdaaT sxvadasxva mTel

ricxvs Soris, romlebic ar aRemateba 50-s, yovelTvis moiZebneba ori
iseTi ricxvi, romelTagan erTi 2-jer metia meoreze.
72012 - 3276
37 30
95* daamtkiceT, rom ricxvi ! N.

10
96 arsebobs Tu ara iseTi naturaluri ricxvi, romlis kvadratis cifrTa

jami aris 456.
97 nikas ainteresebs 1601 aris Tu ara martivi ricxvi. man daiwyo am ricx-
vis gayofa 2-ze, 3-ze, 5-ze da a.S. urCieT nikas, romel martiv ricxvze
unda Sewyvitos man gayofa?
98* ramdeni gamyofi aqvs A rocxvs, Tu A=:

a) 2 3·3·5 2; b) 2·3 2·5 4; g) 2 2·5 2·7 3·4.
daakvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs da gamoitaneT gonevruli daskvna:
ramdeni gamyofi eqneba ricxvs A=ambnck, Tu a, b da c martivi ricxvebia.
udidesma berZenma maTematikosma evklidem daamtkica, rom martiv ricxvTa simravle

usasruloa.
gamoCenilma berZenma mecnierma eratosTenem (Zv. w. 276-194) mogvca wesi, romlis
saSualebiTac SesaZlebelia vipovoT raime ricxvze naklebi yvela martivi ricxvi.
SevadginoT cxrili (nax. 1)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50
51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70
1 araa martivi ricxvi, amitom gadavxazoT.

2 _ martivi ricxvia, igi davtovoT. gadavxazoT misi jeradi yvela ricxvi.
3-ic martivia da davtovoT. gadavxazoT yvela misi jeradi ricxvi, e. i. 4-dan dawye-
buli yoveli mesame (yvela gadaxazuls vTvliT). amis Semdeg pirveli gadauxazavi
ricxvi martivi iqneba. esaa ricxvi 5. mas vtovebT da vxazavT yvela mis jerads da
a. S. sabolood gadaixazeba yvela Sedgenili ricxvi da darCeba martivi ricxvebi.
martivi ricxvebis moZebnis am wess eratosTenes saceri hqvia.
63
II Tavi
1. monacemebi
rogor fiqrobT:
vaJi meti ibadeba Tu gogona?
avstriaSi 1866-1905 wlebis monacemebiT calkeul wlebSi yoveli

1000 axalSobilidan vaJi aRmoCnda:
515 - 11-jer; 514 - 17-jer; 516 - 9-jer
513 - 2-jer; 517 - 1-el.
raime movlenis Sesaswavlad da swori daskvnis misaRebad
saWiroa davakvirdeT am movlenas da movipovoT CvenTvis saWiro
informacia _ monacemebi. Semdeg ki am monacemebis sworad gaaz-
rebisa da gadamuSavebis Sedegad SevZlebT swori gadawyvetilebis
gamotanas.
cxrilSi mocemulia saqarTvelos mxareebis ganawileba farTo-
bisa da mosaxleobis mixedviT (1998 wlis monacemebi)
farTobi mosaxleoba administra
(1000m2-Si) (1000 kaci) ciuli centri
Tbilisi 0,36 1250

kaxeTi 12,2 450 Telavi
samegrelo zemo svaneTi 7,44 484 zugdidi
qvemo qarTli 6,8 600 rusTavi
mcxeTa mTianeTi 6,72 140 mcxeTa
imereTi 6,59 798 quTaisi
samcxe-javaxeTi 6,43 236 axalcixe
Sida qarTli 5,7 464 gori
raWa-leCxumi qvemo svaneTi 4,56 55 oni
guria 2,03 16 ozurgeTi
afxazeTi 8,7 250 soxumi
aWara 2,9 399 baTumi
cxrilis mixedviT upasuxeT Semdeg kiTxvebs:

1. ras udris saqarTvelos farTobi?
2. ras udris saqarTvelos mosaxleobis raodenoba?
3. saqarTvelos farTobis ra nawili uWiravs kaxeTs, imereTs,
afxazeTs?
4. saqarTvelos romel regionSia yvelaze mWidro dasaxleba?
5. kidev ra informaciis miReba SegiZlia zemoT mocemuli cxri-
lidan?
6. rogor fiqrobT, rogor moiZies es monacemebi?
64
ganarCeven Tvisebriv da raodenobriv monacemebs raodenobrivi
monacemebi dakvirvebis, gazomvis an Tvlis Sedegad miiReba da
ricxvebiT gamoisaxeba. magaliTad, masa, zoma, asaki, simaRle,
mogeba, xelfasi da a.S. Tvisebrivi monacemebi ki obieqtis raime
Tvisebas an mdgomareobas gamoxatavs. magaliTad, feri, profesia,
sqesi, qveynis saxelwodeba da a.S.
 rogor fiqrobT 1-el magaliTSi romeli monacemia Tvise-

? brivi da romeli raodenobrivi?
monacemTa mopoveba sxvadasxva xerxiTaa SesaZlebeli: gamokiTx-

viT, dakvirvebiT, gazomviT, cdis CatarebiT. xSirad igi SegviZlia
sxvadasxva cnobarebSic ki movipovoT.
magaliTad, vTqvaT, gvainteresebs saSualod mexuTeklaselTa ra
nawili dadis curvaze. amisaTvis ar aris aucilebeli yvela me
xuTeklaseli gamovkiTxoT (rac sakmaod rTulia).
 Tqven rogor fiqrobT, rodis iqneba ufro zusti Cvens

? mier gamotanili daskvna, roca sacurao auzTan Semxvedr
bavSvebs gamovkiTxavT Tu pasuxs sxvadasxva skolebSi ar-
Ceuli moswavleebisgan miviRebT?
 qvemoT mocemulia saqarTvelos zogierT qalaqSi mosuli saSu-

alo wliuri naleqebis raodenoba mm-ebSi: mTa mtriala – 4519 mm;
quTaisi – 1586 mm, soxumi _ 1555 mm; Tbilisi _ 559 mm, gardabani
_ 446 mm, axalqalaqi _ 621 mm, gudauri _ 1585 mm (amonaridi
enciklopediuri cnobaridan).
rogor fiqrobT, rogor iqna mopovebuli es monacemebi?
uxsovari droidan akvirdeboda adamiani bunebas, amCnevda kanon-

zomierebebs sxvadasxva movlenebs Soris da amiT TandaTanobiT iR-
rmavebda codnas samyaros Sesaxeb. didi xania adamianma SeamCnia, rom
elvas quxili mosdevda, zafxulSi wvimiani amindis Semdeg tyeSi bevri
soko amovidoda, gazafxulze Tovlis dnobas mdinareebis adideba mo-
hyveboda da a.S. magram adamiani ara marto bunebriv movlenas, aramed
xSirad Tavissave ganxorcielebul movlenasac akvirdeboda, anu at-
arebda eqsperiments. miRebul monacemebs ki maTematikuri meTodebiT
gadaamuSavebda da xSir SemTxvevaSi, Sedegad, udides samecniero Tu
praqtikuli daniSnulebis aRmoCenebsac akeTebda.
65
II Tavi
ganvixiloT aseTi cda: `legos~ figuris gverde-
marcxena gverdi `4~
ukana gverdi `5~ bi davnomroT ise, rogorc nax. 1-zea (mopirda-
pire gverdebis nomerTa jami erTmaneTis tolia).
avisroloT `legos~ figura da rveulSi CaviniS-
6
3 noT miRebuli Sedegi – ra nomriani gverdi moe
2
ceva zeda mxares?
a) zaza fiqrobs, rom legos figuris 100-jer
qveda gverdi `1~ asrolisas zeda mxares daecema (daaxloebiT):
1-li gverdi 38-jer, me-2 _ 4-jer, me-3 _ 12-jer,
me-4 _ 12-jer, me-5 _ 4-jer da me-6 _ 30-jer.
lizis varaudiT, ki yoveli gverdis mosvlas Tanabari Sansi aqvs.
1. gamoTqviT mosazreba, romlis varaudi iqneba ufro swori: za-

zasi Tu lizis? Tqveni mosazreba daasabuTeT.
2. CaatareT pirveli cda 150-jer da Sedegebi CaiwereT rveulSi da
gamoitaneT Sesabamisi daskvna. romeli gverdebis mosvlaa ufro
mosalodneli, romlis ufro naklebad mosalodneli.

1. monacemi “saqarTvelos teritoria 69500 kv.km-ia” – ? monacemia.
2. monacemi - “rioni saqarTvelos mdinarea” – ? monacemia.
3. monacemebis mopoveba SesaZlebelia ? xerxebiT.
4. atlasis saSualebiT SegviZlia movipovoT Semdegi mona-
cemebi: ? .
5. 0°-an meridianze mdebareobs Semdegi saxelmwifoebi: ? .
6. saqarTvelos mdinareebia: ? .
7. CrdiloeT amerikis saxelmwifoTa dedaqalaqebia: ? .
me-5, me-6, me-7 monacemebis mosapoveblad gamoviyeneT ? .
savarjiSoebi:
1 ra monacemebi gWirdebaT, raTa daadginoT:
a) romeli kunZuli mdebareobs 37-e ganedze?
b) Tqveni sacxovrebeli binis farTi;
g) Tqveni saklaso oTaxis moculoba;
d) rogor SegiZliaT moipovoT es monace-
mebi?
2 a) gamoTvaleT ramdeni kvadratuli erTeu-

lia naxazze gamosaxuli figuris farTobi;
b) ra monacemia saWiro, raTa davadginoT
ramdeni sm2-ia mocemuli figuris farTobi?
66
1. monacemebi
3 gamokiTxeT Tqveni ramdenime Tanaklaseli da SeavseT cxrili.

ojaxuri tele romel
simaR- dabadebis
gvari da saxeli wona Semadgen- sqesi misamarTi fonis wreze
le TariRi
loba nomeri dadis
1.
2.
.
.
.
Tqvens mier mopovebul monacemebi SeajereT sxvebis mier mopove-

bul monacemebTan da daadgineT klasis moswavleTa ra nawilia:
a) mravalSviliani (3-ze meti) ojaxidan;
b) dediserTa; g) dabadebuli noemberSi;
d) gogonebi; e) vaJebi;
v) SesaZlebelia Tu ara am monacemebiT daadginoT moswavlis
janmrTelobis mdgomareoba. uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi
CamowereT ra aucilebeli monacemebia amisTvis saWiro da rogor
SeiZleba misi mopoveba?
4 moiyvaneT magaliTebi, roca monacemebis mopoveba SesaZlebelia:
a) gamokiTxviT, b) gazomviT, g) dakvirvebiT.
5 daakvirdiT 10 larian kupiuras da CamowereT ra saxis monace-
mebia masze miTiTebuli.
proeqti damoukidebeli kvlevisTvis

6. amowereT a) evropis yvela saxelmwifo. Sesabamisad CamowereT maTi dedaqa-
laqebi, farTobi, mosaxleoba, romel paralelebsa da romel ganedebzea gan-
lagebuli es saxelmwifoebi.
wiTlad gaaferadeT is monacemi, romliTac es saxelmwifo udidesia danarCe-
nebs Soris.
b) kidev ra monacemebis mopoveba SegiZliaT am saxelmwifoebis Sesaxeb?
g) rogor moipoveT es monacemebi (miuTiTeT sainformacio wyaro: beWdviTi,
audiovizualuri, interneti).
d) mopovebuli monacemebi SeadareT Tanaklaselebis mier mopovebul monace-
mebs da momzadebuli masala warmoadgineT meore dRes gakveTilze.
N saxelmwifo dedaqalaqi farTobi ........
1
2
3
4
.
.
67
II Tavi
g 7 ipoveT udidesi naturaluri ricxvi, romlis 7-ze naSTiani

gayofisas ganayofSi miiReba 9.
1
8 avtomobilma erT saaTSi mTeli manZilis nawili gaiara, meore
5
1
saaTSi - nawili. mas kidev 220 km darCa gasavleli. ramdeni
4
kilometri unda gaevlo avtomobils?
9 A da B wertilebi mdebareobs O saTavis mqone damatebiT

sxivebze, amasTan, AB=78 mm-s. SeiZleba Tu ara AO da BO mon-
akveTebis sigrZeebi udrides:
a) 3sm da 48mm; b) 5mm da 18sm; g) 7sm da 8mm.
2
10 ipoveT kuTxe, romelic Tavisi mosazRvre kuTxis -is
7
tolia.
11 WeSmaritia Tu ara:
a) blagvi kuTxis mosazRvre kuTxe marTia;
b) marTi kuTxis mosazRvre kuTxe marTia;
g) Tu ori kuTxe erTi da imave kuTxis mosazRvrea, maSin es
kuTxeebi tolia;
d) Tu or kuTxes saerTo gverdi aqvs da maTi jami 180°-ia, ma-
Sin isini mosazRvre kuTxeebia.
12* ninom 1-dan 100-mde yvela luwi ricxvi Camowera erTmaneTis

gverdigverd. ekam 1-dan 100-mde yvela kenti ricxvi Camowera
erTmaneTis gverdigverd. rogor fiqrobT, miRebuli mra-
valniSna ricxvebidan romlis cifrTa jami iqneba meti da
ramdeniT?
13 SeadgineT gamosaxuleba sami ricxvis jamisa, romelTagan

meore 2-jer, mesame ki 4-jer metia pirvelze. ipoveT es
ricxvebi, Tu maTi jami 777-ia.
14* ra dRe iyo 27 seqtemberi, Tu imave Tvis 2 ricxvi iyo xuTSabaTi?
68
2. monacemTa warmodgena cxrilebiT,
diagramiT, piqtogramiT
magaliTi 1.
qvemoT mocemulia maTematikis sakontrolo weraSi VII klasis
moswavleebis mier miRebuli niSnebi dalagebuli siis mixedviT.
cxrili 1
moswavlis gvaris
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
nomeri siaSi
niSani 10 5 7 7 6 8 9 9 7 10 8 6 7 8 8 7 7 7 10 6
am monacemebidan Cans, rom 10 miiRo 3-ma moswavlem. aseT SemTxvevaSi

vambobT: 3 aris niSani 10-is sixSire. 9-iani miiRo 2-ma moswavlem,
e.i. 9-ianis sixSirea _ 2. 8-ianis sixSirea 4, 7-ianis - 7, 6-ianis - 3 da
5-ianis _ 1. monacemebis ufro moxerxebulad Casawerad SevadginoT
axali cxrili, romlis pirvel striqonSi Cawerilia niSnebi, xolo
meore striqonSi Sesabamisi sixSireebi.
cxrili 2
niSani 5 6 7 8 9 10
sixSire 1 3 7 4 2 3
 moswavleTa ra nawilma miiRo Sefaseba a) 10; b) 8; g) 5?
?  kidev ra SekiTxvebzea SesaZlebeli pasuxis gacema me-2
cxrilis mixedviT?
monacemis sixSiris Sefardebas monacemTa raodenobasTan

am monacemis fardobiTi sixSire ewodeba.
sakontrolo weraSi miRebul niSnebis sixSireTa da fardobiT sixSireTa

cxrili 3.
niSani 5 6 7 8 9 10 jami
sixSire 1 3 7 4 2 3 20
fardobiTi 1 3 7 4 2 3 1
sixSire 20 20 20 20 20 20
 SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom monacemebis fardobiT six-

? SireTa jami gansxvavdebodes 1-sgan (pasuxi daasabuTeT).
xSirad sixSireTa cxril is Tvals aCino

warmodgenisTvis sxvadasxva saxis naxazebsa
da naxatebs, diagramebs iyeneben.
naxazze mocemulia me-2 cxrilis Sesabamisi
wertilovani diagrama.
10 9 8 7 6 5
69
II Tavi
magaliTi 2.
ninom Tanaklaselebis gamokiTxviT daadgina,
Tu ramdeni bavSvi iyo TiToeuli Tanak-
laselis ojaxSi da miRebuli monacemebi
svetovani diagramis saxiT warmoadgina.
diagramis saSualebiT upasuxeT Semdeg
SekiTxvebs:
a) ramdeni moswavlea klasSi?
b) ramden moswavles hyavs 3 dedmamiSvili?
g) ramdeni moswavlea dediserTa?
d) kidev ra SekiTxvebi SegiZliaT dasvaT am
diagramis mixedviT?
magaliTi 3.
salomem dakvirvebis Sedegad aseTi monacemebi Seagrova. misi
Tanaklaselebidan 8 - qeraTmiania, 12 ki - SavTmiani. man es monace-
mebi aseTi naxatebiT gamosaxa:
qera
?  axseniT am naxatebis azri - ra

igulisxma salomem erT kacunaSi?
Savgvremani
cxrils, romelSic raodenobebi raime niSnebiTaa gamo

saxuli piktograma ewodeba.
salomem am niSnebisTvis kacunebi gamoiyena.

ramdeni qeraTmiani da ramdeni Savgvremani moswavle iqneba klasSi
Tu 1-el magaliTSi erTi kacunaTi aRniSnuli iqneba 7 moswavle, 5
moswavle?
roca monacemebis magaliTi 4.

gamosasaxad saWiroa erT fermers 200, meores ki 120 Zroxa hyavs. gamosaxeT es monace-
piqtogramebis didi
raodenobiT gamoy-
mebi piktogramiT. Tu 40 Zroxas simboloTi aRvniSnavT, miviRebT
eneba, maSin monacem- Semdeg piktogramas:
Ta amgvari gamosaxva
TvalsaCinoeb as xels I fermeri
ver Seuwyobs.
II fermeri
?  Tu me-2 amocanaSi niSnakis qveS vigulisxmebT 75 Zroxas, maSin:

a) ramdeni suli saqonelia sul orive fermaSi?
b) ramdeniT meti saqoneli hyavs meore fermers vidre pirvels?
a) da b) SekiTxvaze pasuxi ori xerxiT gaeciT.
70
2. monacemTa warmodgena cxrilebiT, diagramiT, piqtogramiT
me-2 amocanis monacemebi SegveZlo wriuli diagramis saxiTac

gadmogveca.
120 = 3 5 I
I fermers hyavs mTeli Zroxebis nawili. II-s ki - nawili.
320 8 8 II
amitom Tu wres davyofT 8 tol nawilad (seqtorad). maSin sami
nawili Seesabameba I fermeris Zroxebis raodenobas, xolo
danarCeni II fermeris Zroxebis raodenobas.

1. monacemTa moxerxebulad Casawerad iyeneben ? .
2. monacemis sixSiris Sefardebas ? monacemis fardobiTi sixSire
ewodeba.
3. sixSireTa cxrilis grafikuli warmodgenisTvis iyeneben ? da

? diagramas.
4. 2, 3, 7, 3, 3, 7, 18, 4 monacemTa erTobliobisTvis ricxvi 3-is
sixSirea ? , xolo ricxvi ? -is sixSirea 2.
savarjiSoebi
1 svetovan diagramaze mocemulia gasul wels

gayiduli burTebis raodenoba aTasebSi
a) sul ramdeni burTi gaiyida?
b) romeli burTi gaiyida yvelaze meti?
g) ramdeniT meti gaiyida fexburTis burTi
vidre wyalburTis.
d) romeli burTebi gaiyida 2000 calze meti?
2 cxrilSi mocemulia ditos mier mopovebuli informacia, Tu

rogor iyideboda macivrebi erT-erT maRaziaSi 14 dRis ganmav-
lobaSi.
dReebi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
gayiduli
macivrebis 12 18 21 15 18 15 12 16 21 15 12 15 16 21
raodenoba
SeadgineT macivrebis gayidvis sixSireTa da fardobiT sixSireTa

cxrili.
71
II Tavi
3 dawereT Tqveni sayvareli leqsis erTi strofi da SeadgineT
gamoyenebuli asoebis sixSireTa cxrili.
4 dawereT nebismierad arCeuli 50 ojaxis (mezoblebis) suladobis

sixSireTa cxrili da SeadgineT Sesabamisi wertilovani dia-
grama.
5 CamowereT Tqvens mier maTematikaSi, mSobliur enasa da liter-

aturaSi, istoriasa da geografiaSi miRebuli niSnebi. SeadgineT
am sagnebSi miRebuli niSnebis sixSireTa da fardobiT sixSireTa
cxrilebi da wertilovani diagramebi. daakvirdiT da gamoitaneT
gonivruli daskvna Tqveni moswrebis Sesaxeb.
6 svetovan diagramaze mocemulia firma

“sulgunis” mier xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
saSinao bazarze gayiduli produqciis mocu-
loba (aTasobiT larebSi).
a) romel wels ufro meti produqcia gayida
firmam?
b) ramdeni lariT meti Tanxis produqcia gaiy-
ida 1998 wels vidre 1994 wels?
g) xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi gayiduli produq-
ciis ra nawili gaiyida 1994 wels; 1997 da 1998
wels erTad?
7 CamowereT Tqvens TanaklaselTagan vin romel TveSi daibada.

SeavseT sixSireTa, fardobiT sixSireTa cxrili. SeadgineT Se-
sabamisi wertilovani diagrama.
a
8 VII klasSi 15 gogona da 10 vaJia. gamosaxeT es monacemebi:
a) piktogramiT; b) wriuli diagramiT.
9 mocemulia firma “samgoris” mier garkveuli drois

ganmavlobaSi gayiduli oTxi saxis nayinis piktograma.
a) ramdeniT meti gaiyida marwyvis nayini vidre Sokoladis?
(ori xerxiT);
bananis
naRebis
marwyvis
Sokoladis
b) sul ramdeni nayini gaiyida (ori xerxiT);

g) gayiduli nayinis ra nawilia bananis nayini?
konusze dadebuli erTi bur

Tula 2000 cal nayins niSnavs.
10 cxrilSi mocemulia 4 Rvinis qarxnis mier Camosxmuli
`colikauris~ raodenoba (boTlebiT). SeadgineT
I II III IV Sesabamisi piktograma (niSnaki Tavad moifiqreT).
12000 16000 28000 20000
11 skolaSi me-7 klaselebs Soris Catarda gamokiTxva da gairkva,

rom 10 moswavle dadis mxolod cekvaze, 30 – mxolod musi-
kalur ganaTlebas iRebs, 30 mxolod sports misdevs, danarCeni
20 ki – sxvadasxva wreze. SeadgineT Sesabamisi wriuli diagrama.
72
2. monacemTa warmodgena cxrilebiT, diagramiT, piqtogramiT
12 wiladi gadaaqcieT meaTedebamde damrgvalebul aTwiladad.

g
2 5 3 2
a) ; b) ; g) ; d) .
3 6 7 11
13 `1 saSleli x TeTri Rirs, 1 saxazavi _ y TeTri. 2 saSleli 3

saxazavze 20 TeTriT naklebi Rirs~ niSnavs:
a) 2x<3y+20; b) 2x=3y+20; g) 2x+20=3y; d) 2x+20<3y.
14 wris ra nawilia:
a) 30°-iani; b) 60°-iani seqtori?
1
15 wiTlad Seferadebulia wris nawili. ipoveT α kuTxis a
5
gradusuli zoma. O
16 erTi rveuli x TeTri Rirs. Tu ani 6 rveuls iyidis, maSin mas

30 TeTri darCeba. dawereT gamosaxuleba: ra Tanxa hqonia anis.
17 klasis moswavleebi ganvixiloT Semdeg jgufebad: M – biWebi,

F – gogoebi, A – friadosani moswavleebi, T – moswavleebi,
vinc ver aswrebs, S – moswavleebi, romlebic aqtiurad
monawileoben saskolo RonisZiebebSi. sityvierad aRwereT
simravleebi:
a) M A ; b) M F ; g) A T F ; d) A T F ; e) M A S .
18 A da B punqtebidan erTmaneTis mimarTulebiT gamovida ori

megobari, romlebic erTmaneTs Sexvdnen 1 saaTis Semdeg.
Semdeg ganagrZes gza, pirveli mivida B punqtSi, meore A
punqtSi da maSinve gamobrundnen ukan. pirveli Sexvedridan
ramden xanSi Sexvdebian isini erTmaneTs?
19 saaTis isrebs Soris axla marTi kuTxea. risi toli iqneba

isrebs Soris kuTxe naxevari saaTis Semdeg?
20 dawereT yvela naturaluri ricxvi, romelic 7-jer metia

Tavis bolo cifrze.
73
II Tavi
3. monacemTa saSualo, moda,

mediana
a
qvemoT mocemulia VII da VIIb klasis moswavleTa semestruli niSnebi
dalagebuli siis mixedviT.
a
VII
nomeri 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19
niSani 6 8 5 7 5 6 6 9 6 6 8 7 7 10 5 7 7 10 6
VII b
nomeri 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
niSani 8 5 6 5 7 9 7 6 6 7 8 5 9 8 8 8 6 7 8 5 8 7 8 9 9
SevadginoT Sesabamis sixSireTa cxrili.

a b
VII VII
5 6 7 8 9 10 5 6 7 8 9 10
3 6 5 2 1 2 4 4 5 8 4 0
cxadia, am cxrilis saSualebiT Znelia gavarkvioT romel klasSi

ukeTesi moswrebaa. am daskvnis gamotana ufro gaWirdeba, Tu Ses-
adarebeli gveqneba ara ori, aramed meti klasis moswreba.
monacemebSi Cadebul informaciaSi ukeT gasarkvevad Cven Se-
amrigad, monacemTa viswavliT ramdenime ricxviT maxasiaTebels: monacemTa saSualos,
saSualos gamosa medianas, modas da diapazons.
Tvlelad sakmarisia
TiToeuli monacemis
Sesabamis sixSireze ricxviTi monacemebis saSualo aris maTi jamis Sefardeba
namravlTa jami monacemTa raodenobasTan.
gavyoT monacemTa ra-
odenobaze (sixSireTa a
jamze). VII klasis saSualo moswreba iqneba
b
VII klasis niSnebis saSualo ariTmetikuli iqneba:
b
amrigad, VII klasis saSualo moswreba ufro maRali aRmoCnda,
a
74 vidre VII klasisa.
magaliTi.
firmis TanamSromelTa xelfasi mocemulia cxrilSi:
prezi- vice-pre- sxva TanamSromlebi
denti zidenti 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
500 500 300 330 270 300 100 300 384
firmis TanamSromlebis saSualo xelfasi iqneba:
rac, ra Tqma unda, ar asaxavs realobas. firmis prezidentisa da

viceprezidentis sakmaod maRalma xelfasma gamoiwvia saSualo
xelfasis aseTi maRali done. Tu TanamSromelTa xelfass zrdis
mixedviT davalagebT, maSin SuaSi mdgomi ricxvi 330 ukeT asaxavs
TanamSromelTa realur saSualo Semosavals. am monacems mediana
hqvia. Tu davakvirdebiT, TanamSromelTa umetesobis xelfasi 300
laria, 300-is sixSire metia yvela sxva monacemis sixSireze, aseT
monacems moda ewodeba.
(1)
e.i. (1) monacemebisaTvis mediana 330-is, xolo moda - 300-is tolia.

samkuTxedis
mediana ewodeba zrdis mixedviT dalagebuli monacemebis mediana
SuaSi mdgom mniSvnelobas.
Tu monacemTa raodenoba luwia da monacemebi zrdis mixedvi mediana zrdis mixed-

viT dalagebuli
Taa dalagebuli, maSin mediana ori Sua wevris saSualo iqneba. monacemebis mwkri-
magaliTad, vis wevrebs or tol
nawilad yofs.
– monacemTa mediana tolia:
moda ewodeba im monacems, romelic monacemebSi yvelaze

xSirad gvxvdeba.
monacemebs SeiZleba qondes ramdenime moda, an saerTod ar qondes.

1, 3, 5, 7 _ monacemebs
yuradReba: ar aris aucilebeli, rom moda, mediana da mona- moda ara aqvs.
cemTa saSualodan Tundac romelime ori erTmaneTs daemTxves. 1; 1; 2; 2; 5; 7 _ monace-
mebSi moda aris: 1 da 2.
monacemTa (1) erTobliobaSi firmis TanamSromelTa xelfasi 100
laridan 1700 laramde meryeobs. sxvaobas 1700–100=1600-s diapa-
zoni ewodeba.
monacemTa udides da umcires wevrebs Soris sxvaobas

diapazoni ewodeba.
75
II Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 ojaxi Sedgeba dedis, mamis, ori Svilisa da babuisagan. maTi
Tviuri xelfasi Sesabamisad 60, 80, 400, 60 da 28 laris tolia.
ipoveT ojaxis wevrTa xelfasis moda, mediana, diapazoni da
ojaxis wevris saSualo Tviuri Semosavali. monacemTa romel
maxasiaTebelze moaxdens gavlenas da rogors, Tu erT-erTi
Svilis xelfasi 400 laris nacvlad iqneba: a) 800 lari, b) 100 lari?
2 cxrilSi mocemulia agvistos Tvis pirveli naxevris yoveli

dRis 13.00 saaTze gazomil temperaturaTa cxrili. ipoveT am
monacemTa: a) saSualo; b) moda; g) mediana; d) diapazoni;
e) SeadgineT Sesabamisi svetovani diagrama.
ricxvi 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
temperatura 32° 34° 33° 30° 29° 28° 30° 32° 32° 34° 32° 33° 35° 36° 35°
3 naxazze mocemul svetovan diagramaze gamosaxulia na-

110
100
krZalSi sxvadasxva wlovanebis xeTa raodenoba. ipoveT:
90 a) nakrZalSi xeebis saSualo asaki;
80 b) xeebis asakTa moda, diapazoni;
xeebis asaki
70
60
g)* daxazeT Sesabamisi wriuli diagrama.
50
40
4 aTi monacemis saSualo aris 15. am monacemTa mwkrivs
30 daumates erTi monacemi `37~. risi tolia TerTmeti
20 monacemis saSualo?
10
30 45 5 20 50
5 mocemulia ricxvTa mwkrivi 2, 7, 10, ..., 18, 19, 27, sadac
xeebis raodenoba erTi ricxvi amoRebulia. ipoveT es ricxvi, Tu am mona-
cemTa saSualo tolia 14-is.
6 oTxi megobris saSualo ganaTlebis atestatebSi aRmoCnda Sem-

degi niSnebi:
nika: 8, 8, 10, 10, 8, 8, 8, 10, 10, 10;
laSa: 6, 8, 6, 6, 6, 6, 7, 6, 6, 6;
daTo: 10, 10, 10, 10, 9, 9, 8, 9, 10, 9;
jaba: 6, 6, 7, 7, 7, 7, 3, 8, 8, 8.
ra saSualo quliT daamTavra skola TiToeulma? daasaxeleT
TiToeuli maTganis atestatSi Semavali niSnebis moda.
7 dazianebuli detalebis aRweris dros, 10 yuTSi, romlebSic

iyo erTnairi raodenobis detalebi, miiRes monacemTa Semdegi
mwkrivi: 1, 2, 2, 3, 1, 0, 2, 1, 3, 2. dawereT am mwkrivis saSualo, dia-
pazoni da moda. ras axasiaTebs TiToeuli maCvenebeli?
8 cnobilia, rom mwkrivi Sedgeba naturaluri ricxvebisgan. Sem-

degi maxasiaTeblebidan romeli SeiZleba iyos wiladi ricxvi:
a) saSualo; b) diapazoni;
g) moda; d) mediana?
76
3. monacemTa saSualo, moda, mediana
9 aTi monacemis saSualo 7-is tolia. am monacemebs daumates

ricxvebi 17, 18. risi tolia miRebuli Tormeti monacemis
saSualo?
10 ramdeni ricxvia mwkrivSi, Tu mediana aris:

a) me-15 wevri;
b) me-17 da me-18 wevrebis saSualo?
11 mocemuli 12 monacemidan, udidesi gaadides 6-iT. Seicvleba

Tu ara monacemTa:
a) saSualo; b) diapazoni;
g) moda; d) mediana?
g
12 A aris 7-is jeradi orniSna ricxvebis simravle. B ki 11-is
jeradi orniSna ricxvebis simravle. ipoveT A B da A B .
13 A iyos 12–is naturalur gamyofTa simravle, B – 30–is natu

ralur gamyofTa simravle. ipoveT: a) A B; b) A B.
14 Tu nebismieri a da b ricxvebisaTvis sruldeba:

1 2 2 1
a b = a + b da a b = a + b .
3 3 3 3
ipoveT: a) (3▼2) 6;
b) amoxseniT gantoleba x▼6 = x 9.
15 Tbilisidan, dRis 12 saaTze gafrinda TviTmfrinavi,

romelic parizSi Cafrinda 14 saaTze adgilobrivi droiT.
ukan TviTmfrinavi gamofrinda parizis droiT saRamos 5
saaTze da Camofrinda Tbilisis droiT dilis 5 saaTze.
ramdeni saaTi grZeldeboda frena Tbilisidan parizamde?
16 romeliRac Tvis sami orSabaTi luw ricxvebs daemTxva. ra

dRe iyo am Tvis 20 ricxvSi?
77
II Tavi
4. procenti
20 aprilidan
fasdakleba
25 %-iT
xom ver daexmarebiT Takos, gaarkvios, Tu ra

eRireba saTamaSo spilo gaiafebis Semdeg?
30l
16l.
1. ricxvis procentis povna
adamianebma didi xania SeamCnies, rom
praqtikuli amocanebis gadawyvetisas
mosaxerxebelia sxvadasxva sidideTa measedi
nawilebis gamoyeneba da maTTvis specialuri
saxelic ki moigones – procenti.
magaliTad, „1 procenti“ ase iwereba: 1% .
wiladi a gviCvenebs, 1 1 5
b 1% igivea, rac
100
nawili. e.i.
100
=1%. 100 =5%,
Tu a ricxvi ra nawi
lia b ricxvis.
ikiTxeba: `5 procenti~.
2 aris 5-is 2 nawili. a

5 = a% ikiTxeba: à procenti~.
100
`procenti~ aRiniSneba 1. daakvirdiT 1-el naxazze gamosaxul figurebs da upasuxeT kva-

„%“ simboloTi. dratis ramdeni procentia Seferadebuli?
a) b) g)
nebismieri a ricxvi-
saTvis a% aris wiladi,
romelic gviCvenebs,
Tu a ricxvi ra nawi
lia 100-is.
nax. 1
ricxvi procentuli saxiT rom CavweroT, saWiroa es ricx

vi gavamravloT 100-ze da marjvniv % mivuweroT.
SevTanxmdeT:
3 3 5
nebismieri ori ric magaliTad, = ·100%=30%; =0,625=62,5%;
xvis ganayofi (iseve, 10 10 8
rogorc naturaluri 3 43
ricxvebisa) ase Cav 2 = ·100%=215%; 5,6=560%.
20 20
weroT:
a:b=
b (
a 0,5:5= 0, 5
5 )
78 *
procenti laTinuri sityvaa da niSnavs measeds.
ricxvi rom 100-ze
gavyoT, mZime gadavi
ricxvis procentuli Canaweri, rom wiladis saxiT Cavwe tanoT 2 erTeuliT
roT saWiroa procentis ricxvi gavyoT 100-ze. marcxniv.
25 1 0, 7
25%= = ; 0,7%= =0,007; ricxvis wiladi
100 4 100
nawili rom vipovoT,
magaliTi 1. es ricxvi gavamrav-
loT am wiladze.
VIIa klasSi 20 moswavlea. aqedan 10% aTosania, 30% ki _ 8-ianze a ricxvis b nawili
aswrebs. ramdeni moswavlea aTosani da ramdeni aswrebs klasSi ab-s tolia.
8-ianze?
amoxsna:
ricxvis a procentis
10 1 1 1 povna niSnavs am ric
10%= = . 20-is 10% aris 20-is nawili, anu 20· =2. a
100 10 10 10 xvis 100 nawilis pov
30 3 3
30%= = . 20-is 30% aris 20· =6. nas.
100 10 10
e.i. klasSi 2 aTosani da 6 moswavle aswrebs 8-ianze.
a ricxvis b procenti tolia

a · b = ab .
100 100
2. ricxvis povna misi procentis mixedviT

amocana.
skolis Cempionatze giorgim 15 burTi gaitana, rac gundis yvela
wevris mier gatanili burTebis 30%-ia. ramdeni burTi gautania
gunds sul?
amoxsna:
Tu mocemul amocanas maTematikis enaze “gadavTargmniT”, mivi-
RebT, rom raRac ricxvis 30% aris 15. Tu saZiebel ricxvs, anu gun-
dis mier gatanili burTebis raodenobas x-iT aRvniSnavT, miviRebT
mocemuli amocanis maTematikur models:
x-is 30% aris 15.
e.i. 0,3x=15 | gavyoT 0,3
x = 015
,3
x=50
gunds sul 50 burTi gautania.
imisaTvis, rom vipovoT ricxvi, romlis b procenti aris

a ricxvi, saWiroa a gavyoT b -ze.
100
a
e.i. ricxvi, romlis b% aris a, tolia a : b = b · 100 .
100
79
II Tavi
3. ori ricxvis Sefardebis procentuli
gamosaxuleba]
narevSi gaxsnili niv
Tierebis masis Sefar amocana 1. ramden procent marils Seicavs xsnari, Tu igi miRe-
debas xsnaris rao
bulia 60 g marilisa da 140 g wylisgan?
denob asTan am niv
Tierebis masuri wili amoxsna:
ewodeba. xsnaris masa iqneba 60g+140g=200g. vipovoT, xsnaris masis ra nawils
nivTierebis masuri
wili gamravlebuli
Seadgens marili.
100%-ze aris am niv 60 =603 = 33 = 33 = 3 = =
$ $ $ 100 ·100%
30%=30
$ 100 30%.
%
Tierebis procentuli 200 200 10 1010 1010 10
koncentracia. e.i. xsnari Seicavs 30% marils. aseT SemTxvevaSi amboben, rom gvaqvs
30%-iani xsnari.
amocana 2. televizori 600 lari Rirda. gaiafebis Semdeg misi

Rirebuleba 480 lari gaxda. ramdeni procentiT gaiafda televi-
zori?
amoxsna:
Tu vigulisxmebT, rom gaiafebamde televizoris fasi iyo 100%,
SegviZlia gavigoT gaiafebis Semdeg ramdeni procenti gaxda misi
Rirebuleba, anu 480 lari ramdeni procentia 600 laris.
480 = 4 = 4
$ 100% = 80% .
600 5 5
e.i. televizori gaiafebula 100% – 80% = 20%-iT.

igive amocana SesaZlebelia asec amovxsnaT: jer gavigoT ramdeni
lariT gaiafda televizori, 600–480=120 (lariT). Semdeg ki gavigoT
120 = 1
120 ramdeni procentia 600-is $ 100% =20%-iT.
600 5
imisaTvis, rom vipovoT a ricxvi ramdeni procentia b

ricxvisa, saWiroa:
1. vipovoT a ricxvi ra nawilia b ricxvis – ba .
2. miRebuli ricxvi CavweroT procentuli saxiT, anu ga
vamravloT 100%-ze. e.i. a aris b ricxvis ba · 100%.
80
4. procenti
savarjiSoebi:
1 CawereT procentis saxiT:

3 2 3 7 9
a) ; b) ; g) ; d) ; e) ;
100 100 50 25 10
5 3
v) 0,5; z) 0,31; T) ; i) 2 ; k) 4,8.
8 5
2 CawereT wiladis saxiT:
a) 2%; b) 5%; g) 79%; d) 5,7%; e) 0,4%;
3 1
v) %; z) 4 %; T) 50%; i) 20%; k) 500%.
7 5
3 gamoTvaleT:
a) 100-is 8%; b) 100-is 15%; g) 25-is 5%;
4
d) 25-is 20%; e) 5,6-is 50%; v) 8 -is 15%.
5
4 romelia meti:
a) 30-is 5%, Tu 30-is 8%; g) 57-is 8%, Tu 8-is 57%;
b) 20-is 2%, Tu 2-is 20%; d) a-s b %, Tu b-s a %.
5 daasruleT winadadeba:
a) 1 TeTri aris 1 laris _____%;
b) 1 sm aris 1 m-is _____%;
g) 1 kg aris 1 centneris _____%;
d) 5 m2 aris 1 aris _____%.
6 rogor gesmiT winadadebis azri:

a) gvancam saSinao davaleba 100%-iT Seasrula;
b) guramma kanfetebis 50% das misca;
g) gio papam SekveTa 150%-iT Seasrula;
d) rZisagan 25% naRebi miiReba.
7 Saqris Warxlisgan Rebuloben 12% Saqars. ramden Saqars miiReben:

a) 5 t; b) 10 t; g) 50 t; d) 72 t Warxlisgan.
8 xorblidan Rebuloben 80% fqvils. ramdeni fqvili miiReba:

a) 50 t; b) 8 t; g) 60 t; d) 20 t xorblisgan?
9 wris ramdeni procentia Seferadebuli?

a) b) g) d)
10 kvadratis ramdeni procentia Seferadebuli?

a) b) g)
81
II Tavi
11 klasSi 4 qeraTmiani, 10 wablisferTmiani, 8 SavTmiani da 2 wi
Turi moswavlea. SeavseT moswavleTa Tmis ferebis sixSireTa
da fardobiT sixSireTa cxrili. fardobiTi sixSireebi gamo-
saxeT procentebis saSualebiT.
12 mas Semdeg, rac 80 km-iani gzis monakveTze daages asfalti,

aRmoCnda, rom moasfaltebulia gzis 40%. ramden kilometrze
darCa asfalti dasagebi?
at o ,3%
13 mocemuli wriuli diagramis saSualebiT ipoveT TiToeuli

l kea
49, keane
an ne
okeanis farTobi, Tu maTi jamia 360612 aTasi kv. km.

t
ik
25
o
4%
is
ari
indoeTis 14 romelia meti?

wyn
okeane a) 60, Tu 60-is 80%; b) 50, Tu 50-is 100%;

21,2%
14,1%
3
g) 75% Tu ; d) 37-is 110% Tu 37;
4
1 1
e) %, Tu ; v) n-is 90%, Tu n.
←
2 2

Crdiloyinulovani
okeane
15 SeavseT cxrili nimuSis mixedviT:
1 40% = 1
10%=0,1= 5 %=
10 2
15% = 60% = 1
18 % =
4
20% = 75% = 5,7% =
25% = 12,5% = 1
8 %=
3
100% = 1
16 kinoTeatrSi mayurebelTa 70% mamakacebia, 25% _ qalebi.

mayurebelTa ramdeni procentia bavSvebi?
17 eqskursiaze wasulma moswavleebma 50 km gaiares. am gzis

90% maT avtobusiT, danarCeni ki _ fexiT gaiares. ramdeni
kilometri gauvliaT moswavleebs fexiT?
18 moipoves 500 t madani, romelic 6,5% spilenZs Seicavs da 700 t

madani, romelic 4,5% spilenZs Seicavs. romeli madanisagan
meti spilenZi miiReba?
Tu saqonlis Tavda
19 parfiumerulma maRaziam daawesa Semdegi SeRavaTi: Tu
pirvel Rirebulebas
100%-ad CavTvliT, SeZenili nivTebis fasi 50 lars aRemateba, maSin Tanxas,
a %-iT cvlilebis Sem romelic 50 larze metia, akldeba misi 10%. Tamunam SeiZina
deg misi Rirebuleba
gaxdeba (100+a)% (Tu
sunamo 57 larad. ori dezodori – 15 larad da 19 larad. tuCis
gaizarda), an (100–a)% ori sacxi – TiTo 13 larad. ramdens gadaixdida Tamuna?
(Tu Semcirdeba).
20 fexsacmelis fasi 25%-iT gaZvirda. ra Rirs axla fexsacme-
li, Tu igi gaZvirebamde 76 lari Rirda?
21 (zepirad) ipoveT ricxvi, Tu misi 1% aris:

a) 15; b) 10; g) 1; d) 5,5; e) 0,35.
82
4. procenti
22 ipoveT ricxvi, Tu misi:

a) 15% aris 45; b) 20% aris 50;
g) 12% aris 60; d) 9,6% aris 4,8.
a
23 VII klasis moswavleTa 8% ver aswrebs. ramdeni moswavlea
klasSi, Tu cnobilia, rom ver aswrebs 2 moswavle?
24 avtomobilma benzinis 75% daxarja. benzinis ra maragi hqonia

avtomobils, Tu avtomobilSi darCa kidev 15 l benzini.
25 puris gamosacxobad saWiro fqvilis masa gamomcxvari puris

masis 75%-ia. ramdeni kilogrami puri gamocxveba:
a) 5 kg, b) 8 kg, g) 10 kg fqvilisgan?
26 ipoveT α-s gradusuli zoma, Tu cnobilia, rom ∠KBC-s gra-

dusuli zoma α-s gradusuli zomis 40%-ia.
27 mdinare yvirilas sigrZis 20% 28 km-ia, ra sigrZisaa mdinare

yvirila?
28 dedamiwaze xmeleTis farTobi 149 mln km 2-ia, rac mTeli

zedapiris farTobis 29,2%-ia. ipoveT dedamiwis zedapiris
farTobi.
29 ori wrfis gadakveTisas miRebuli kuTxeebidan erT-erTi

meoris 80%-ia. ipoveT am kuTxeebidan is, romlis gradusuli
zomac metia.
30 30%-iani gaiafebis Semdeg macivris fasi 1400 lari gaxda. ra

Rirda macivari gaiafebamde? SeadgineT amocanis Sebrunebuli
amocana da amoxseniT.
31 40%-iani gaZvirebis Semdeg 1 l benzinis fasi 1,4 lari gaxda, ra

Rirda benzini gaZvirebamde? SeadgineT amocanis Sebrunebuli
amocana da amoxseniT.
32 Ciri vaSlis masis 16%-ia. ramdeni kilogrami vaSlia saWiro

60 kg Ciris misaRebad? ramdeni kilogrami Ciri miiReba 10 cent-
neri vaSlisagan? SeadgineT amocanis Sebrunebuli amocana da
amoxseniT.
33 ramdeni procentia a ricxvi b ricxvisa, Tu

a) a=5 da b=20; b) a=2 da b=10; g) a=12 da b=38;
d) a=50 da b=150; e) a=50 da b=200; v) a=60 da b=300.
34 ramdeni procentia:
a) 5 sm 100 sm-is; b) 25 sm 1 m-is;
g) 2 kg 1 t-is; d) 23 kg 1 c-isa da 15 kg-is;
e) 2 mm 8 dm-is; v) 5 wT 2 sT-is.
35 klasSi 9 gogona da 15 vaJia; klasis moswavleTa ramdeni pro-

centia gogonebi da ramdeni vaJebi?
83
II Tavi
36 brinjao tyviisa da spilenZis Senadnobia. ramden procent
tyvias da ramden procent spilenZs Seicavs brinjaos zodi,
Tu igi Seicavs 6 kg tyviasa da 34 kg spilenZs?
37 naxazis mixedviT daadgineT marTkuTxedis sigrZis

8 sm S=1,6 dm2 ramdeni procentia marTkuTxedis sigane?
38 mTeli figuris farTobis ramdeni procentia Seferadebuli?
a) b) g)
d) e) v)
39 gaSlili kuTxis gradusuli zomis ramdeni procentia α.
3
40* a ricxvi aris b ricxvis nawili:
5
a) b ricxvis ramdeni procentia a ricxvi?
b) a ricxvis ramdeni procentia b ricxvi?
41* a ricxvi 5-jer metia b-ze. a ricxvis ramdeni procentia b?
42 ekam sagamocdo 30 Temidan 25 ukve iswavla. sagamocdo masa-

lis ra procenti darCa ekas saswavli?
43 rogor Seicvleba kubis moculoba, Tu mis wibos gavzrdiT
20%-iT.
g 2x x-y
44* ipoveT , Tu = 6 .
x-y x
45 rva ricxvis saSualo 27-is tolia. cnobilia, rom am rvidan

romeliRac xuTis jamia 33. ras udris danarCeni sami ricxvis
saSualo?
46 Tu a ricxvi Seadgens b-s 60%-s, xolo 30 imave b ricxvis 10%-ia,

maSin risi tolia a ricxvi?
2 $ 3 $ 5 $ 7 $ 11
47* n = mTeli ricxvia. SeiZleba Tu ara k iyos:
77k
a) 4; b) 22; g) 15?
84
4. procenti
48 varskvlavis nacvlad CasviT iseTi cifri, rom miRebuli ricxvi

gaiyos 45-ze:
a) 1*00; b) 28*5; g) 55*5.
49* ipoveT n-is yvela SesaZlo naturaluri mniSvneloba, romel

n n
TaTvisac wiladi wesieria, xolo wiladi ki arawesieri.
11 8
50 vTqvaT A aris 15-is naturalur gamyofTa simravle, B – 9-ze

naklebi martiv ricxvTa simravle, xolo C ki – 10-ze naklebi
luwi ricxvebis simravle. ipoveT:
a) A B ; b) A B C ; g) A B C ; d) (A B) C ; e) (B C) A .
51 dawereT 5-sa da 10-s Soris moTavsebul yvela wiladTa

simravle, romelTa mniSvnelia 5. rogor daaxasiaTebT
zrdadobiT dalagebul am simravlis elementebs.
1
52 matarebelma 481 km unda gaiaros. pirveli 3 saaTis
4
ganmavlobaSi igi saaTSi 52 km-s gadioda. ra droSi gaivlis
matarebeli darCenil manZils, Tu igi gzis meore monakveTs
48 km/sT siCqariT gaivlis?
53 moswavleTa 70% dadis qarTuli cekvis wreze. 50% ki evropul

cekvebze. moswavleTa ra nawili swavlobs rogorc qarTul,
ise evropul cekvebs?
54 skolaSi 100 meSvideklaselia, romelTagan TiToeuli dadis

Semdegi wreebidan mxolod erTze: cekvis (C), karates (K), B
simReris (S), an mxatvruli tanvarjiSis (T). A O
wriul diagramaze miTiTebulia am wreebze mosiarule
moswavleTa raodenobebi. diagramis mixedviT upasuxeT S
Semdeg SekiTxvebs:
1) ras udris AOB kuTxe?
a) 150°; b) 156°; g) 120°.
2) meSvideklasel moswavleTa ramdeni procenti dadis
karates an simReris wreebze?
a) 50; b) 25; g) 35; d) 10.
3) moswavleTa naxevarze meti dadis:
a) karateze an tanvarjiSze; b) tanvarjiSze an simReraze;
g) karateze an simReraze; d) cekvaze an simReraze.
55 Tu cnobilia, rom 4; 1; x; 7 ricxviTi monacemebis medianaa 5,2,

maSin x=:
a) 5; b) 6,4; g) 10; d) 2,3.
85
II Tavi

Tu A svetis ujraSi mocemuli raodenoba metia B svetis Sesabamis
ujraSi mocemul raodenobaze, airCieT A;
Tu B svetis ujraSi mocemuli raodenoba metia A svetis Sesabamis ujraSi
mocemul raodenobaze, airCieT B;
Tu ujrebSi mocemuli raodenobebi tolia – C;
Tu mocemuli informacia araa sakmarisi imis dasadgenad, romeli ra-
odenobaa meti, maSin – D.
A B ABCD
1 75-is 20% 80-is 25% ABCD
2 ( 34 + 1, 7) : 37 -is 25% ( 34 + 1, 7) : 37 3 -is

4
ABCD
3 1, 3, 7, 10, 19 saSualo 12, 8, 10 saSualo ABCD

4 x-is 20% aris 7 y-is 25% aris 8
ABCD
x y
5 1, 5, 7, 9, 12 monacemebis
ABCD
mediana diapazoni
6 parlamentSi, romeliRac kanonis kenWisyris Sedegebi mocemulia
wriuli diagramiT.
parlamentarTa ramdenma procentma Seikava Tavi?
 skolis direqciis TxovniT VII klasis moswavleebma daasaxeles

mxolod erTi wre, romelzec surdaT siaruli. monacemebi moce-
mulia svetovani diagramis saxiT. mocemuli diagramis mixedviT
upasuxeT Semdeg 4 kiTxvas (7-10).
7 daasaxeleT sagani, romlis wreze

siarulic moisurva moswavleTa yvelaze
mcire nawilma:
a) maTematika, b) geografia,
g) istoria, d) simRera.
8 ramdenjer metia im moswavleebis rao

denoba, romelTan moisurves maTematikis
wreze siaruli, im moswavleTa raodenobaze,
romelTac moisurves geografiis wreze
siaruli:
a) 2-jer, b) 1,8-jer, g) 1,5-jer,
d) 1,2-jer.
9 moswavleTa ramdenma procentma moisurva istoriis wreze siaruli
a) 20%; b) 25%; g) 30%; d) 35%.
10 im moswavleebis raodenoba, romlebmac daasaxeles cekva an simRera,
gamokiTxulTa raodenobis:
1 1 1 1
a) -ia; b) -ia; g) -ia; d) -ia.
7 5 4 3
86
5. amovxsnaT amocanebi
procentebze
amocana 1.
fexsacmeli Rirda 60 lari. ra eRireba igi 30%-iani gaZvirebis
Semdeg?
amoxsna:
gaZvirebis Semdeg misi fasi iqneba Tavdapirveli Rirebulebis 130%
(iyo 100%, gaZvirda 30%-iT, gaxda 130%).
130
e.i. 60 · = 78 (lari).
100
amocana 2.
a ricxvi 60%-iT metia b ricxvze. ramdeni procentiTaa b ricxvi
naklebi a-ze?
amoxsna:
pirobidan Cans, rom a ricxvi aris b-s 160%.
8
e.i. a = 160% b =
b.
5
gavigoT b ramdeni procentia a ricxvis:
5 5
b =
a = · 100% a = 62,5% a.
8 8
miviReT, rom b aris a-s 62,5%, e.i. b naklebia a-ze 37,5%-iT.
amocana 3.
saqonlis Rirebuleba Tavdapirvelad 20%-iT gaZvirda, Semdeg
ki 20%-iT gaiafda. ramdeni procentiT Seicvala saqonelis Tavda-
pirveli Rirebuleba?
amoxsna:
vTqvaT, Tavdapirveli fasi x lari iyo. gaZvirebis Semdeg misi Ri-
6
rebuleba iqneba 120% x = x lari.
5
6 4 6 24 24
gaiafebis Semdeg ki 80% · x = · x = x, magram x = 96% x.
5 5 5 25 25
e.i. sabolood saqonlis Rirebuleba aRmoCnda Tavdapirvelis 96%.
maSasadame, pirvandeli fasi Semcirda 4%-iT.
es amocana SesaZlebelia mokled asec amoixsnas:

gaZvirda 20%-iT, gaiafda 20%-iT,
iyo Semcirda
gaxda gaxda
4
100% 120% 80% · 120% = · 120% = 96% 4%-iT
5
– 4%
87
II Tavi
amocanebi:
1 ipoveT:
a) 50%-is 30%; b) 20%-is 50%; g) 150%-is 150%;
d) 20%-is 120%; e) 100%-is 15%; v) 15%-is 100%.
2 ramdeni procentiTaa: a) 32 naklebi 40-ze? b) 60 naklebi 80-ze?
3 ramdeni procentiTaa: a) 40 meti 32-ze? b) 80 meti 60-ze?
4 Sokoladi 6,4 lari Rirda. raRac drois Semdeg misi Rirebuleba 8 lari
gaxda. ramdeni procentiT gaZvirda Sokoladi?
5 kaba 120 lari Rirda. misma fasma aiwia 10%-iT, Semdeg kidev 15%-iT.
garkveuli drois Semdeg ki gaiafda 50%-iT. ra Rirs axla kaba?
6 kvadratis gverdi 5%-iT gazardes. ramdeni procentiT gaizrdeba kva-

dratis perimetri? farTobi?
7 klasis moswavleTa 32%-s 6-ze maRali niSani aqvs maTematikaSi, xolo

48% _ ucxo enaSi. orive saganSi 6-s an 6-ze nakleb qulas moswavleTa
40% imsaxurebs. moswavleTa ramdeni procents aqvs orive saganSi 6-ze
maRali qula?
8 saqonlis fasi jer gazardes 15%-iT, Semdeg Seamcires 15%-iT. sawyisi

fasis ramden procents Seadgens miRebuli fasi?
9 pijakis fasi Semcirda 20%-iT, ramdeni procentiT unda gaizardos axali

fasi, rom sawyis fass daubrundes?
10 rogor Seicvleba marTkuTxedis farTobi, Tu:

a) mis sigrZes da siganes SevamcirebT 10%-iT;
b) sigrZes gavzrdiT 30%-iT, siganes SevamcirebT 30%-iT?
11 sacxovrebel saxlSi 43,5% pensioneri cxovrobs. sul mcire ramdeni

adamiani cxovrobs am saxlSi?
! 12 firmam martSi 14000 laris produqcia gayida. aprilSi 20%-iT naklebi.

procentebze amoca ra Tanxis produqcia gayida firmam aprilSi?
nebis amoxsnisas mTa
varia zustad ganvsaz 13 palto zafxulSi 400 lari Rorda. zamTris dasawyisisTvis gamyid-
RroT, Tu romeli ric velma fasi 25%-iT aswia. magram palto ar iyideboda, amitom man palto
xvis procenti unda
ganvsazRroT. 10%-iT gaaiafa. palto mainc ar gaiyida. gamyidveli iZulebuli gaxda
kidev 15%-iT gaeiafebina. amis Semdeg palto gaiyida. ra fasad gaiyida
palto? ramdeni procentiT Seicvala paltos Tavdapirveli fasi?
14 maTematikis olimpiadaze skolidan monawileobas 50 moswavle Rebu-

lobda. maTma 68%-ma davaleba cudad Seasrula. darCenilis 75%-ma
saSualod, danarCenma ki _ kargad. ramdenma moswavlem Seasrula
davaleba kargad?
15 a) saqonlis fasi gaizarda 4-jer. ramdeni procentiT gaizarda fasi?

b) saqonlis fasma daiklo 4-jer. ramdeni procentiT Semcirda saqon-
lis fasi?
88
6. proporcia, proporciuli sidideebi.
ricxvis dayofa proporciul nawilebad
amocana 1.
meTojine 3 Tojinas 5 dReSi akeTebs. ramden dReSi daamzadebs
meTojine 12 Tojinas (muSaobis tempi ucvlelia).
amoxsna:
cxadia, rac met Tojinas gaakeTebs meTojine, miT meti dro
dasWirdeba mas. amitom, Tu vigulisxmebT, rom 12 Tojinas igi x
12 = x
dReSi daamzadebs, miviRebT: . aqedan x=5·4, e.i. x=20.
3 5
12 = 20
marTlac, miviReT (1) swori toloba.
3 5
12 Tojinis damzadebas dasWirdeba 20 dRe.
ori Sefardebis swor tolobas proporcia ewodeba.
magaliTad, 14 : 2= 21 : 3 proporciaa da ikiTxeba: `14 ise Seefardeba

2-s, rogorc 21 Seefardeba 3-s~ 14-sa da 3-s ewodeba proporciis proporcia
laTinuri sityvaa da
kidura wevrebi, xolo 2-sa da 21-s – proporciis Sua wevrebi. `sanawilos~ niSnavs
aseve proporciaa (1) tolobac.
1. SeadareT erTmaneTs (1) proporciis kidura wevrebisa da Suaw-

evrebis namravlebi.
2. moifiqreT Tavad proporciis magaliTebi da SeamowmeT miiRebT
Tu ara igive Sedegs, rac (1) proporciis SemTxvevaSi miiReT. See-
cadeT gamoitanoT Sesabamisi daskvna.
kidura Sua
proporciaa proporciaSi jvaredi-
wevrebi wevrebi nad mdebare wevrebis
namravlebi tolia.
Sua wevrebi
proporciis ZiriTadi Tviseba:
proporciis kidura wevrebis namravli Sua wevrebis nam a:b=c:d

ravlis tolia.
a d= b c kiduri wevrebi
proporcia SeiZleba asec CavweroT: a:b=c:d.
 dairRveva Tu ara Sefardeba, Tu Sefardebis wevrebs

? gavamravlebT an gavyofT aranulovan erTsa da imave ricx-
vze? moiyvaneT Sesabamisi magaliTebi.
89
II Tavi
5 3
Tu sworad gaiazreT dasmuli kiTxva, maSin a:b=: proporciaSi
6 8
Sefardebis wevrebi SecvaleT naturaluri ricxvebiT. gamoitaneT
Sesabamisi daskvna.
 matarebeli moZraobs 60 km/sT mudmivi siCqariT. ra manZils

? gaivlis igi 2 sT-Si, 4 saaTSi?
SevadginoT cxrili, pirvel striqonSi CavweroT moZraobis dro,

meoreSi – am droSi gavlili manZili.
cxrili 1
moZraobis dro
x x1 x 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
saaTebSi
y y1 y2
gavlili manZili
y1 60 120 180 240 300 360 420
Tu = x1 , maSin y (km-Si)
y2 x2
da x cvladebs Soris
pirdapirproporci- cxrilidan Cans, rom rac didxans moZraobs matarebeli, miT met
uli damokidebuleba manZils gadis igi, anu ramdenjerac gaizrdeba dro, imdenjerve
arsebobs. gaizrdeba gavlili manZilic da piriqiT ramdenjerac Semcirdeba
dro,imdenjerve Semcirdeba gavlili manZilic.
aseT sidideebze amboben, rom isini dakavSirebulni arian erTma-
neTTan pirdapirproporciuli damokidebulebiT. TviT sidideebs
ki pirdapirproporciuli sidideebi ewodeba.
or sidides pirdapirproporciuli ewodeba, Tu erTi
maTganis ramdenjerme gadideba (Semcireba) iwvevs meore
sididis imdenjerve gadidebas (Semcirebas).
40 TeTri pirdapirproporciuli sidideebi SesaZlebelia asec davaxasiaToT:

pirdapirproporciul sidideTa Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebis
Sefardeba mudmivi ricxvia.
2·40 TeTri marTlac, 1-li cxrilidan kargad Cans, rom gavlili manZilis
Sefardeba Sesabamis drosTan mudmivi sididea.
60 = 120 = 180 = =
... 60
1 2 3
4·40 TeTri
90
6. proporcia, proporciuli sidideebi. ricxvis dayofa
proporciul nawilebad
pirdapirproporciuli sidideebia: saqonlis raodenoba da misi

Rirebuleba, rukaze or punqts Soris manZili da am punqtebs Soris
realuri manZili da sxva.
 moiyvaneT pirdapirproporciuli sidideebis sxva maga

? liTebi.
amocana 2.
saqarTvelos rukaze manZili quTaisidan baTumamde 22 sm-ia. ra
manZilia realurad quTaisidan baTumamde, Tu rukis masStabia
1:500000?
amoxsna: masStabia 1 : 500000 niSnavs, rom rukaze 1 sm realurad
500000 sm = 5 km-s udris.
quTaisidan baTumamde realuri manZili x-iT aRvniSnoT. radgan
am sidideebs Soris pirdapirproporciuli damokidebulebaa,
miviRebT:
1 =5
22 x
x=110
e.i. manZili 110 km-ia.
amocana 3.
moswavleebma skolis mimdebare nakveTis gasamwvaneblad naZvis
120 nergis dargva gadawyvites. pirvel dRes maT 5 saaTi imuSaves,
meore dRes ki – 3 saaTi. ramdeni nergi darges bavSvebma pirvel
da ramdeni meore dRes? (vigulisxmoT, rom muSaobis tempi orive
dRes erTnairi iyo).
amoxsna:
darguli nergebis raodenobasa da muSaobis xangrZlivobas Soris
pirdapirproporciuli damokidebulebaa. e.i. Tu pirvel dRes
darguli xeebis raodenobas a-Ti aRvniSnavT, xolo meore dRes
a 5
darguli xeebis raodenobas – b-Ti, miviRebT = , amave dros
b 3
a+b=120. a =5 a = b
b 3 , e.i. 5 3,
maSasadame, Tu nergebis raodenobas 8 tol nawilad gavyofT, maSin a
Tu 5 / x .
moswavleebi pirvel dRes dargavdnen nergebis 5 nawils, meore dRes
maSin a=5x da b=3x
ki – 3 nawils. erT nawilSi nergebis raodenoba x-iT aRvniSnoT. maSin x-s proporciulobis
a=5x da b=3x (sxvanairad x aris is ricxvi, romelzec SevkveceT koeficients
a 5 uwodeben.
wiladi da miviReT ). miviReT gantoleba:
b 3
5x+3x=120
x=15
a=5·15=75 da b=3·15=45.
91
II Tavi
amrigad, 120 warmovadgineT iseT or Sesakrebad, romlebic
proporciulia 5-isa da 3-is, anu sxvanairad amboben, rom 120
davyaviT 5-isa da 3-is proporciul nawilebad (Sesakrebebad):
75 = 5
120=75+45 .
45 3
ricxvi davyoT mocemuli ricxvebis proporciul

nawilebad niSnavs, rom es ricxvi davyoT iseT Sesakrebebad,
romlebic mocemuli ricxvebis proporciulia.
amocana 5.
45 dayaviT 0,4-isa da 1,4-is proporciul nawilebad.
amoxsna:
e.i. 45 unda davyoT iseT or Sesakrebad, romlebic pirdapir
proporciulia 0,4-isa da 1,4-is.
a b c
xSirad x = y = z , 45=a+b da a:b=0,4:1,4 (1)
ormag proporcias (1) Sefardeba sasurvelia ase CavweroT:
ase weren: a:b:c= x:y:z.
a:b=2:7 (2)
SemovitanoT aRniSvna: a≡2x, maSin b=7x.
miviReT: 2x+7x=45
9x=45
x=5
e.i. a=2x=2·5=10, b=7x=7·5=35
10 = 2: 5 = 0, 4
marTlac, 10+35=45 da .
35 7: 5 1, 4
 romeli Tviseba gamoviyeneT 1-el magaliTSi, raTa (1) Sefarde-

? bidan migveRo (2) Sefardeba?
savarjiSoebi:
16 = 6 3 = 5
1. mocemulia 1) ; 2) proporcia.
40 15 12 20
a) SeucvaleT proporciis wevrebs adgilebi, daakvirdiT ra
SemTxvevaSi miiRebT isev proporcias. gamoTqviT varaudi,
proporciis romeli wevrebis adgilebis SecvliT miiReba isev
proporcia.
b) SeamowmeT sruldeba Tu ara Tqveni varaudi sxva proporciis
SemTxvevaSic?
gamoitaneT saTanado daskvna.
92
2 proporciidan ipoveT ucnobi:

x = 10 x 7 1, 5
a) ; b) = ; g) = x ;
12 5 5 15 0, 5 0, 3
4, 5 3, 9 3 = n 3a = 24
d) = ; e) ; v) ;
x 1, 3 125 200 5 10
3 9 a-5 = 3 2 k+6
z) = ; T) ; i) = .
2 n+2 8 4 3 12
EK = 3
3 mocemulia, rom . ipoveT EK da KF monakveTebis Sua wer-
EF 8
tilebs Soris manZili, Tu EK=21 sm-ia.
4 cxrilis pirvel striqonSi mocemulia

WurWlis tevadoba litrebSi, meoreSi ki moculoba (l-Si) 1 2 4 5 10
– masSi moTavsebuli Taflis masa kilo
masa (kg-Si) 1,5 4,5 9
gramebSi.
SeavseT cxrili da upasuxeT SekiTxvebs:
a) rogori damokidebuleba arsebobs cxrilSi mocemul sidi
deebs Soris?
b) ramden litriani WurWeli aivseba 6 kg, 15 kg TafliT?
g) ramdens iwonis 2 l, 5 l, 7 l Tafli?
5 qvemoT mocemuli cxrilebidan, romelSia x da y sidideebs Soris

pirdapirproporciuli damokidebuleba?
a) x 2 4 6 8 b) x 1 2 3 4
y 6 12 18 24 y 4 8 12 16
g) x 1 2 3 6 d) x 2,5 4 10 0,8
y 18 20 6 12 y 2 3 0,5 8
6 roca matarebelma gaiara mTeli gzis 3/8 nawili, aRmoCnda, rom

gzis Suawertilamde mas darCa gasavleli 20 km. ras udris mTeli
gzis sigrZe.
7 ABC samkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebi proporciulia

MNK samkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebis. naxazis mixed-
viT ipoveT y.
8 5 kg zRvis wyali 250 gr marils Seicavs. ramdeni kilogrami

marili iqneba 8 kg zRvis wyalSi?
9 150 gr naRebis karaqi 108,4 g cxims Seicavs. ramden gram cxims

Seicavs 5kg karaqi?
93
II Tavi
10 ipoveT realuri manZili goridan gelaTamde, Tu es manZili
rukaze 23 sm udris, xolo rukaze masStabi 1:5000000-ia.
11* rukaze, romlis masStabia 1:600000, manZili Tbilisidan

yazbegamde 17,5 sm-ia. risi toli iqneba es manZili rukaze,
romlis masStabia 1:500000.
12 Wiamaias sigrZe suraTze, romelic 10:1 masStabiTaa daxatuli,

3 sm-ia. ra sigrZisaa sinamdvileSi Wiamaia?
13 evraziis rukis masStabia 1:7000000, xolo amierkavkasiis

rukis ki 1:3500000. Tu amierkavkasiis rukaze or qalaqs Soris
manZili 30 sm-ia, rogori iqneba imave qalaqebs Soris manZili
evraziis rukaze?
14 mcxobeli iyenebs150 g karaqs, 500 g fqvils, 50 g Saqars da100 g

araJans imisTvis, rom gamoacxos 18 cali patara keqsi.
a) ra raodenobiT daWirdeba TiToeuli ingredienti, rom ga-
moacxos 6 cali aseTive keqsi;
b) Tu gamoiyenebs 1 kg karaqs, ramdeni cali keqsi gamocxveba?
a =c
mocemulia (1) proporcia. tolobis orive mxares
b d
davumatoT 1.
a+ =c+ 2 + = 2+7
1 1 (2) 1
b d 7 7
a+b = c+d
miviReT proporcia.
b d
aseve, Tu (1)-s gamovaklebT 1-s.
a-b = c-d
miviReT (3) proporcia.
b d
miRebul (2) da (3) proporciebs warmoebuli proporciebi
ewodebaT.
15 warmoebuli proporciebis gamoyenebiT amoxseniT ganto

lebebi x-is mimarT:
1 + x = 29 x =3
a) ; b) ;
x 22 x+2 2
a-x = b a-x = R
g) ; d) .
x h R+x h-R
16 gayaviT: a) 5 kg 13:7 SefardebiT;

b) 45 wT 2:3 SefardebiT;
g) 1 sT 1:5 SefardebiT.
94
17 erTma mqsovelma 7 erTnairi xaliCa moqsova, meorem ki 4

iseTive xaliCa, raSic maT 572 lari gadauxades. ra Tanxa aiRo
TiToeulma mqsovelma?
18 154 dayaviT proporciul nawilebad: a) 2-is, 5-isa da 7-is;

7 3 1
b) 0,75-isa da 2-is; g) -is, -isa da -is.
12 4 2
19 mdinare rionis, enguris, cxeniswylis, aragvisa da alaznis

sigrZeebi ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc 20:20:11:7:16.
ipoveT TiToeuli mdinaris sigrZe, Tu maTi saerTo sigrZe
1110 km-ia.
20 axali vercxli nikelis, TuTiisa da spilenZis Senadnobia,

romelTa masebi ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc 3:4:13 .
ramdeni kilogrami TiToeuli metalia saWiro 4 kg axali
vercxlis misaRebad.
21 oqrosa da vercxlis Senadnobisgan gakeTebuli nivTi 125 g-s

iwonis. ramdeni oqroa am nivTSi, Tu oqrosa da vercxlis
raodenobaTa Sefardebaa 31:9 ?
22 ipoveT mosazRvre kuTxeebis gradusuli zomebi, Tu isini ise

Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc: a) 7:5; b) 5:4; g) 7:11.
23 marTkuTxedis perimetri 70 sm-ia. ipoveT misi gverdebis

sigrZe, Tu isini ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc 4:3.
24 ori wrfis gadakveTiT miRebuli kuTxeebidan oris gradusuli

zoma ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc a) 4:5; b) 3:1. ipoveT
TiToeuli kuTxis sidide.
25 limonaTis qarxanaSi avtomati m wT-Si c boTls avsebs.

ramdeni saaTi dasWirdeba mas b boTlis asavsebad?
a) mb ; b) 60b ; g) mb ; d) c .
c mc 60c mb
26 yuTSi ori feris burTulebia _ wiTeli da yviTeli. wiTeli

burTulebis raodenoba ise Seefardeba yviTlebis raodeno-
bas, rogorc 8:5.
a) ramdeni yviTeli burTulaa, Tu yuTSi 200 wiTeli burTu-
laa;
b) Tu yuTSi sul 351 burTulaa, ramdenia TiToeuli feris
burTula?
27 xilis wveni Sedgeba forToxlis da mangos wvenebisgan,

romelTa raodenobebis Sefardebaa 9:2.
a) Tu gamoyenebulia 189 litri forToxlis wveni, ramdeni
mangos wvenia saWiro;
b) Tu damzadebulia 605 litri wveni, ramdenia masSi forTox-
lis da ramdeni mangos wveni?
95
II Tavi
28 samkuTxedis kuTxeebis gradusuli zomebis Sefardebaa 3:5:4.
ipoveT samkuTxedis kuTxeebi.
29 milioneri unawilebs 1,4 mln dolars mis Svilebs maTi

asakebis proporciulad. Tu Svilebis asakia: 24, 28 da 32, ra
Tanxa mouwevs TiToeuls?
30* nodarma gamokiTxvis Sedegad gaarkvia, rom Tanaklaselebis

nawili skolaSi fexiT dadis, nawili avtobusiT da nawili
metroTi. amave dros metroTi mosiaruleTa Sefardeba
imaTTan, vinc avtobusiT dadis aris 1:3, xolo avtobusiT
mosiaruleebis raodenoba ise Seefardeba fexiT mosiaruleebs,
rogorc 2:5. ramdeni moswavle dadis fexiT, ramdeni avtobusiT
da ramdeni metroTi, Tu klasSi 23 moswavlea?
31 AB monakveTze aRebulia C wertili ise, rom AC:BC=3:2.

ipoveT AB:AC:BC, Tu AC:AB=2:5.
32 kompaniis mogebaa 16 000 lari. es Tanxa nawildeba damfuZne-

blebze maT mier Cadebuli Tanxebis proporciulad. Tu
daTom kompaniis dafuZnebaSi Cado 20 000 lari, marim 35 000
lari da laSam 25 000 lari, rogor unda gainawilon mogebis
Tanxa?
7
33 wvenis 8 aris wyali, danarCeni sirofia. ra SefardebiT aris
wvenSi sirofi da wyali?
34 skolis moswavleTa 55% aris biWebi:

a) dawereT biWebisa da gogonebis raodenobaTa Sefardeba;
b) ramdeni biWi da ramdeni gogonaa skolaSi, Tu moswavleTa
raodenoba 1600-ia?
35 AB monakveTze aRebulia C da D wertilebi ise, rom

AC:CD:DB=2:5:3.
a) risi tolia CD monakveTi, Tu AC da DB monakveTebis jami
35,8 sm-is tolia;
b) ipoveT TiToeuli monakveTis sigrZe, Tu AB=25 m.
36* avtorebs Soris honorari gaanawiles 8:6:5 SefardebiT. es

honorari rom gaenawilebinaT 7:5:4 SefardebiT, maSin erT-
erTi avtori miiRebda 25 lariT mets, vidre sinamdvileSi
miiRo. ipoveT sruli honoraris Tanxis raodenoba da
TiToeuli avtoris honorari.
37 avtomobilma pirvel saaTSi 40 km gaiara, me-2 saaTSi 50 km, me-3

saaTSi 60 km, me-4 saaTSi - 50 km me-5 - 60 km, me-6 saaTSi ki 40 km.
saSualod ra manZili gaiara avtomobilma 1 saaTSi.
96
38 puris fasma 10%-iT moimata, magram 6 Tvis Semdeg isev gaiafda

10%-iT. rodis ufro Zviri Rirda puri gaZvirebamde, Tu
gaiafebis Semdeg?
39 televizori 600 laridan 480 laramde Camoafases. ramdeni

procentiT gaiafda televizori?
g
40 a ricxvi b ricxvze 20%-iT metia. ramdeni procentiTaa naklebi
*
b ricxvi a ricxvze?
41* a ricxvi aris b-s 25%. a+b ricxvis ramdeni procentia b ricxvi?
42 jgufSi vaJebis raodenoba gogonebis raodenobis 20%-ia.

amave dros gogonebi 16-iT metia vaJebze. ramdeni vaJia
jgufSi?
9 3
43 erTi ricxvis tolia meore ricxvis -is. ramdeni pro
5 2
centiT unda gaizardos mcire ricxvi, rom igi meore ricxvs
gautoldes?
44 samzareulos garnituris fasi gaZvirebis Semdeg 660 lari

gaxda. ramdeni procentiT gaZvirda garnituri, Tu igi
gaZvirebamde 550 lari Rirda?
45 1 metri qsovili 25 lari Rirda. gaiafebis Semdeg misi

Rirebuleba 18 lari da 40 TeTri gaxda. ramdeni procentiT
gaiafda qsovili?
46 mas Semdeg, rac cariel cisternaSi Caasxes 41 t navTi,

Seuvsebeli darCa misi 18%. ramden tona navTs itevs cisterna?
47 Tamunas mier wignis wakiTxuli gverdebis raodenoba 3–jer

metia waukiTxavi gverdebis raodenobaze. wignis ramdeni
procenti waukiTxavs Tamunas?
48 ipoveT 2x+y=5 gantolebis naturaluri amonaxsnebi.
97
II Tavi
7. ukuproporciuli sidideebi
amocana 1.
a marTkuTxedis farTobia 30 sm2.
a) ras udris am marTkuTxedis sigrZe, Tu misi siganea 6 sm?
b
b) rogor Seicvleba marTkuTxedis sigrZe, Tu siganes
SevamcirebT 2-jer? (igulisxmeba, rom farTobi igive darCes).
amoxsna:
a) vTqvaT, marTkuTxedis sigrZe a sm-ia, maSin farTobi iqneba 6a.
miviReT gantoleba: 6a = 30 (1). aqedan a = 5 sm.
b) siganis 2-jer Semcireba niSnavs, rom (1) tolobaSi pirveli
Tanamamravli SevamciroT 2-jer. magram namravli rom ar Seic
valos, saWiroa meore Tanamamravli gaizardos 2-jer. e.i. marT
kuTxedis sigrZe gaizrdeba 2-jer.
x x1 x2 cxrili 1
y y1 y2 a sm 1 2 3 5 6 10 15 30
b sm 30 15 10 6 5 3 2 1
Tu y da x si-
dideebi ukupro- daakvirdiT 1-el cxrils da upasuxeT:
porciuli sidi a) rogor damokidebulebas amCnevT a da b sidideebis Sesabamis
deebia, maSin mniSvnelobebs Soris?
y1
y1 x2 b) marTkuTxedis erTi gverdis gadidebiT (SemcirebiT) rogor
y2 = x 1 icvleba meore gverdi?
or sidides ukuproporciuli ewodeba, Tu erTi sididis

ramdenjerme gadideba (Semcireba) iwvevs meore sididis
imdenjerve Semcirebas (gadidebas).
ukuproporciul sidideTa Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebis

namravlebi tolia.
daadgineT, romeli sidideebia pirdapirproporciuli da

romeli ukuproporciuli.
a) marTkuTxedis sigrZe da misi farTobi, Tu sigane 5 sm-is tolia.
b) marTkuTxa paralelepipedis simaRle da moculoba, Tu fuZis
farTobi 18 sm2-is tolia.
g) avtomobilis moZraobis siCqare da moZraobaze daxarjuli
dro, roca gavlili manZili 300 km-is tolia.
d) erTi da igive samuSaos Sesrulebisas daxarjuli dro da am
samuSaos Sesasruleblad saWiro muSebis raodenoba.
e) rogor fiqrobT yovel or sidides Soris damokidebuleba
iqneba Tu ara pirdapirproporciuli an ukuproporciuli?
98
amocana 2.
samuSaos damTavreba 6 muSas 15 dReSi SeuZlia. ramden dReSi
daamTavrebs samuSaos 10 muSa?
amoxsna:
amocanaSi sami sididea: I. muSaxelis raodenoba, II. dro – dReebis
raodenoba da III. Sesasrulebeli samuSao, romelic mudmivia, ar
icvleba. muSaxelis raodenoba da saxlis asaSeneblad saWiro dro
ki ukuproporciuli sidideebia.
amocanis piroba mokled SeiZleba aseTi sqemis saxiT gamovsaxoT:
muSebi, dReebi, 6 = x
raodenoba raodenoba 10 15
6·15 = 10·x
6 muSa 15 dRe
6 $ 15
10 muSa x dRe x=
10
x = 9.
e.i. 10 muSa samuSaos 9 dReSi daamTavrebs.
ori erTnairi sigrZis gzis mopirkeTebaze 30 muSa muSaobda. maT

pirveli gza 6 dReSi, xolo meore – 9 dReSi moapirkeTes. ramdeni
muSa muSaobda pirvel da ramdeni meore gzis mopirkeTebaze?

1. a da b sidideebi ukuproporciulia, Tu a sididis ramdenjerme
gadidebiT b sidide ? .
2. Tu a da b ukuproporciuli sidideebia, amasTan:
a) a 2=4a1, maSin b2 = ? .
a1 = b
b) 6 maSin 2 = = ? .
a2 b1
g) a1 ? b1 = a2 ? b2 .
3. 40 larad SeZenili Tojinebis raodenoba da 1 Tojinas Rire

buleba ? sidideebia.
4. 500 gverdi xelnaweris kompiuterze akrefaze daxarjuli dro

da operatorTa raodenoba ? sidideebia.
99
II Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 mocemuli cxrilebidan romelSia x da y sididebi ukupropor

ciuli?
a) b)
x 1 2 4 5 x 2 3 4 5
y 8 4 2 1,6 y 10 7 5 6
g) d)
x 2 8 7 10 x 4 2 8 5
y 1 4 3,5 5 y 10 20 5 8
2 maRaziaSi sami saxis saTamaSo manqana iyideba. erTi Rirs 6

lari, meore – 8 lari, mesame ki 12 lari. ramdeni erTnairi
(erTi fasis) manqanis yidva SeuZlia nodars 48 larad? rogori
damokidebulebaa erTi manqanis Rirebulebasa da manqanebis
raodenobas Soris (igulisxmeba raodenoba, romelic 48 laradaa
nayidi)?
3 SeavseT cxrili, romelSic mocemulia sxvadasxva sxeulis mier

600 km-is gavlaze daxarjuli dro da siCqare.
xkm/sT 60 50 10 30 15
y sT 12
rogori damokidebulebaa drosa da siCqares Soris, roca
gavlili manZili mudmivia?
4 gzis pirveli naxevari giorgim fexiT gaiara 6 saaTSi, meore

naxevari ki velosipediT 2 saaTSi. ra siCqariT moZraobda giorgi
velosipediT, Tu misi siCqare fexiT moZraobisas 4 km/sT iyo?
5* 120 dayaviT 7-isa da 8-is ukuproporciul Sesakrebebad. (miTiTeba:

120 dayaviT iseT or Sesakrebad, romlebic ukuproporciulia
7-isa da 8-s).
6* nikam 2 latariis bileTi iyida, lukam _ 7. maT erTad 810 lari

moiges da aRmoCnda, rom maT mier mogebuli Tanxebi nayidi
bileTebis raodenobis ukuproporciuli iyo. ramdeni lari
Sexvda TiToeuls?
7* Zmris esenciaSi Zmris procentuli koncentracia 80%-ia. sufris

ZmarSi ki 9%. ramdeni wyali unda davamatoT 180 g. esencias,
rom miviRoT sufris Zmari (miTiTeba: rogori damokidebuleba
arsebobs Zmris koncentraciasa da xsnaris moculobas Soris?
8 erTi traqtori miwas xnavs 10 dReSi. ramden dReSi moxnavs

iseTive nakveTs ori traqtori?
100
7. ukuproporciuli sidideebi
9 Tivis maragi 6 cxens 8 dRe eyofa. ramden dRes eyofa igive

raodenoba Tiva 10 cxens?
10 mdinare tigrosis sigrZe 1850 km-ia. ra sigrZis iqneba am

mdinaris gamosaxuleba rukaze, romlis masStabia 1 : 2500000?
11 sami traqtori yanas 8 sT–Si xnavs. ramdeni traqtori moxnavs

igive yanas 6 sT-Si?
12* rogor gavunawiloT 1240 lari or Zmas maTi asakebis ukupro

porciulad, Tu ufrosi 18-is, umcrosi ki _ 13 wlisaa?
13 patara geografebma gadawyvites daamzadon 3 m diametris g

mqone globusi, romelzec imave masStabiT iqneba gamosaxuli
dedamiwis zedapiris reliefi. ra simaRlis iqneba dedamiwis
umaRlesi mTis, jomolungmas gamosaxuleba, Tu dedamiwis
diametri 1274 km, xolo jomolungmas simaRles 8848 m.
(monacemebi daamrgvaleT umaRles Tanrigamde).
14 ra cifriT bolovdeba: a) 37; b) 38; d) 210.
15 monacemTa erTobliobisTvis ipoveT: saSualo, moda, mediana,

diapazoni:
a) 2, 7, 1, 9, 9, 7, 1, 7, 5, 7.
b) 21, 12, 20, 12, 30, 30, 12, 15, 12, 12.
16 Tu α:β=5:13, maSin α = ? , β = ? .

β α
17 Tu AC:BC=3:2, maSin AC = ? , 15 sm

BC = ? .
A C B
18 w r i u l d i a g r a m a z e m o c e m u l i a
mcxeT a-mTianeTis mosaxleobis
ganawileba qalaqsa da sofelSi.
ipoveT mTeli mosaxleobis ra nawili
cxovrobs sofelSi.
101
II Tavi Tema
ariTmetikuli saSualos
gamoyeneba amocanebis
amoxsnisas
amocana 1.
rogoria velosipedistis moZraobis saSualo siCqare, Tu igi
aRmarTze 5 saaTis ganmavlobaSi moZraobda 6 km/sT siCqariT,
xolo daRmarTze 3 saaTis ganmavlobaSi 13 km/sT siCqariT?
radgan velosipedisti 5 saaTis ganmavlobaSi moZraobda 6 km/sT
siCqariT, amitom sixSire 6 km/sT siCqarisa aris 5. aseve 13 km/sT
siCqaris sixSire iqneba 3.
saaTebi I II III IV V VI VII VIII

siCqare 6 km/sT 6 km/sT 6 km/sT 6 km/sT 6 km/sT 13 km/sT 13 km/sT 13 km/sT
aqedan advilad davaskvniT, rom velosipedistis moZraobis

yuradReba! saSualo siCqare aris:
Secdomaa:
6 $ 5 + 13 $ 3 = 5
+ VsaS = 8 ^km/sTh .
VsaS = V1 2 V2 8 8
imave SekiTxvaze gavceT pasuxi im SemTxvevaSi, roca velosipe-
disti t1 saaTis ganmavlobaSi moZraobda V1 km/sT, xolo t2 saaTis
ganmavlobaSi – V2 km/sT siCqariT. wina SemTxvevis analogiuri
msjelobiT miviRebT:
t v + t2 v2
VsaS = 1 1 .
t1 + t2
magram t1V1 = S1 – aRmarTis sigrZea,
t2V2 = S2 – daRmarTis sigrZe,
xolo t1 + t2 – mTel moZraobaze daxarjuli dro.
s
amrigad, VsaS = , sadac
t
S – gavlili manZilia (mTliani),
t – mTel moZraobaze daxarjuli dro.
amocana 2.
ramden procentiani xsnari miiReba Tu erTmaneTSi SevurevT 10 l
30%-ian da 5 l 45%-ian marilxsnars.
amoxsna:
I gza: 10 l xsnari Seicavs 10·0,3=3 kg marils, xolo 5 l xsnari ki –
5·0,45=2,25 kg marils. e.i. narevSi 5,25 kg marilia, amitom narevis
5, 25
procentuli koncentracia iqneba $ 100% = 35% .
10 + 5
102
II gza: vTqvaT 30%-iani xsnari aT erTlitrian qilaSia Casxmuli,
xolo 45%-iani ki xuT erTlitrian qilaSi. miviRebT procentul
koncentraciaTa Semdegi monacemebi: 80%; 30 . . . ^; 30%; 45%; 45%;
45%; 45%; 45%. 10
qvemoT mocemulia I da II marilxsnaris pro

marilxsnari
centuli koncentraciebis sixSireTa cxrili,
risi saSualebiTac advilad vipoviT saSualo I II
procentul koncentracias – p %-s. procentuli
koncentracia 30 % 45 %
30% $ 10 + 45% $ 5 =
p%= 35% .
10 + 5 sixSire 10 5
sazogadod a l x%-iani da b l y%-iani xsnarebis xsnari

SereviT miiReba I II
ax + by procentuli
p% = a + b % koncentracia x % y %
procentuli koncentraciis mqone xsnari.

sixSire a b
amocana 3.
Seuries 5 l 20°-iani da 3 l 60°-iani wyali. ipoveT narevis tempe
ratura.
amoxsna:
wylis temperaturaTa sisxSireebis
Tu warmovidgenT, rom 2 0 ° -iani wyali xuT cxrili
erTlitrian qilaSia Casxmuli, xolo 60°-iani ki wyali
– sam erTlitrian qilaSi, maSin miviRebT wylis
temperaturaTa monacemebis Semdeg mwkrivs: I II
procentuli
20°, 20°, 20°, 20°, 20°, 60°, 60°, 60°. 20° 60°
koncentracia
amrigad saSualo temperatura iqneba:
sixSire 5 3
20c $ 5 + 60c $ 3 =
tsaS = 35c .
5+3
sazogadod, a l x°-iani da b l y°-iani wylis SereviT miRebuli
narevis temperatura iqneba:
axc + byc
t°saS ==
a+b

amocana 4.
5 muSa 5 TveSi aSenebs erT saxls. ramden TveSi aaSenebs 15 muSa 6
saxls?
amoxsna: mocemuli amocana SesaZlebelia aseTi sqemiT gamovsaxoT:
I. 5 muSa — 5 Tve — 1 saxli

15 muSa — x Tve — 6 saxli
103
II Tavi
ganvixiloT aseTi sqema:
1. 5 muSa — 5 Tve — 1 saxli
15 muSa — y Tve — 1 saxli
mocemuli sami sidididan erTi - Sesasrulebeli samuSao mudmivia.

danarCen ors Soris ki ukuproporciuli damokidebuleba
arsebobs, amitom gveqneba:
5
5·5=15y, aqedan y= .
3
5
e.i. 15 muSa 1 saxls TveSi aaSenebs.
3
SevadginoT me-2 sqema:
5
15 muSa — Tve — 1 saxli
3
15 muSa — x Tve — 6 saxli
am SemTxvevaSi muSebis raodenobaa mudmivi, xolo danarCen or

sidides Soris ki pirdapirproporciuli damokidebulebaa.
miviRebT: 5
3 = 1, 5
aqedan x= ·6
x 6 3
x=10.
e.i. 15 muSa 6 saxls 10 TveSi aaSenebs.
savarjiSoebi:
1 40° -iani da 70° -iani wylis SereviT miiRes 6 litri 60° -iani
wyali. ramdeni litri 40°-iani da ramdeni 70°-iani wyali Seuries
erTmaneTs?
2 gaadaadnes ori sxvadasxva xarisxis oqro: 5 grami, romelic 60%

da 10 grami, romelic 90% sufTa oqros Seicavda. ramden procent
sufTa oqros Seicavs miRebuli Senadnobi?
3 ori qaTami 3 dReSi 4 kvercxs debs. ramden kvercxs dadebs 4 qaTami

9 dReSi?
4 ramden procentiani marilwyali miiReba 3 litri 20^%-iani da 2

litri mtknari wylis Serevis Sedegad?
5 ramdeni litri 15%-iani xsnari unda SevurioT 5 litr 20%-ian

xsnars, rom miRebuli narevi iyos 18%-iani?
104
Tema: ariTmetikuli saSualos gamoyeneba amocanebis amoxsnisas
6 WurWelSi aris 9%-iani xsnari. masSi daamates 1 Wiqa wyali, ris

Sedegadac xsnari gaxda 6%-iani. risi toli gaxdeba xsnaris
koncentracia, Tu mas kidev erT Wiqa wyals daumatebT?
7 oqrosa da vercxlis erTi Senadnobi Seicavs aRniSnul metalebs

SefardebiT 2:1, xolo meore _ SefardebiT 1:5. ra raodenobiT
unda aviRoT es Senadnobebi, rom miviRoT 12 kg axali Senadnobi,
romelSic oqrosa da vercxlis Sefardeba iqneba 1:2.
8 gvaqvs nikelisa da rkinis ori Senadnobi. pirveli Seicavs

10% rkinas, meore 20% nikels. TiToeuli Senadnobis ramdeni
kilogrami unda aviRoT, rom miviRoT 3 kg mesame Senadnobi,
romelSic rkina 1,5-jer meti iqneba, vidre nikeli?
9 erT WurWelSi Casxmulia 4 l 70%-iani gogirdmJava, meore

WurWelSi _ 3 l 90%-iani gogirdmJava. ramdeni litri unda
gadavasxaT meore WurWlidan pirvelSi, rom miviRoT 80%-iani
gogirdmJava?
10 WurWlidan, romelic sufTa gliceriniT iyo savse, gadmoasxes

1 l glicerini da Seavses wyliT. Semdeg isev gadmoasxes 1 l
narevi da isev Seavses wyliT. isev gaimeores igive da miiRes
narevi, romelSic wyali aRmoCnda 7-jer meti, vidre masSi
darCenili glicerini. ramdeni wyali da glicerini miiRes
bolo narevSi?
11 mocemulia TuTiisa da spilenZis ori Senadnobi. pirvel

SenadnobSi TuTia 2-jer metia, vidre spilenZi. xolo meoreSi
TuTia 5-jer naklebia spilenZze. ramdenjer meti unda
aviRoT meore Senadnobi pirvelze, rom maTi gadadnobiT
miviRoT axali Senadnobi, romelSic spilenZi 2-jer meti
iqneba TuTiaze?
12* ori, 220 litriani da 180 litriani avzi savsea sxva

dasxvafasiani benziniT. erTdroulad orive avzidan
gadmoasxes erTnairi raodenobis benzini. pirveli avzidan
gadmosxmuli Caasxes meoreSi, xolo meoredan gadmosxmuli
pirvelSi, ris Sedegadac orive avzSi benzinis fasi
gaTanabrda. ramdeni benzini gadmoasxes?
105
II Tavi
II Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi:
1 firmam ianvris TveSi gayida 5700 laris produqcia, TebervalSi 4200 laris,
martis TveSi 5000 laris. aageT Sesabamisi svetovani da wriuli diagramebi.
2 zamTris maTematikur SejibrebaSi 5952-ma moswavlem miiRo

monawileoba, amaTgan 2250 meeqvseklaselia, 2041 meSvideklaseli da
1661 merveklaseli iyo. am monacemebis mixedviT ipoveT ∠AOC (pasuxi
daamrgvaleT 1°-mde sizustiT).
3 ipoveT qvemoT mocemul monacemTa mediana, moda, saSualo da

diapazoni.
a) 7, 11, 15, 6, 11, 11, 15, 8, 8, 11; b) 5, 0, 3, 0, 0, 8, 8, 9, 10, 15.
4 latuni cinkisa da spilenZis Senadnobia. masSi 60% spilenZi da 40% cinkia.

ramden kilograms iwonis latunis zodi, Tu masSi 123 kg spilenZia.
5 ramden procentiani xsnari miiReba, Tu 1 kg wyalSi gavxsniT

a) 250 g marils; b) 400 g marils; g) 1 kg marils.
6 lika 1 Wiqa CaiSi 2 Cais kovz Saqars yris. ipoveT CaiSi Saqris procentuli
koncentracia, Tu 1 Wiqa wyali 200 g, xolo 1 Cais kovzi Saqari 10 gramia (pasuxi
daamrgvaleT 1%-mde).
7 telefonis aparati 50 lari Rirda. gaumjobesebis Semdeg misma fasma 25%-

iT moimata, magram 1 wlis Semdeg telefonis aparatis Rirebuleba 20%-iT
Semcirda. ra Rirs aparati gaiafebis Semdeg.
8 a ricxvi gaadides 80%-iT, Semdeg isev Seamcires 80%-iT. romelia meti

miRebuli ricxvi Tu a ricxvi? (pasuxi daasabuTeT).
9 a ricxvi Seamcires 30%-iT, Semdeg gaadides 30%-iT. romelia meti miRebuli

ricxvi Tu a ricxvi?
10 kompotis mosamzadeblad iReben 600 g xils, 1100 g wyals da 360 g Saqars.

daxazeT am receptis Sesabamisi wriuli diagrama (procentebSi).
11 diagramaze mocemulia informacia erTi

Tvis ganmavlobaSi maRaziidan gayiduli
ramdenime saxis saqonelze.
mocemuli diagramis mixedviT upasuxeT Semdeg
4 kiTxvas.
a) ra saxis produqcia gaiyida yvelaze meti?
b) ramdeniT naklebia gayiduli feni, vidre
macivrebi?
g) gayiduli produqciis saerTo rao
denobis ramdeni procentia gayid uli
kondencionerebis raodenoba?
d) ipoveT am monacemebis diapazoni da saSualo.
106
12 maswavleblis xelfasi 25%-iT momatebis Semdeg 750 lari gaxda. risi
toli iyo xelfasi momatebamde?
13 saweri magida 12% fasdaklebis Semdeg 132 larad gaiyida. ra Rirda

magida gaiafebamde?
14 fexsacmeli 70 lari Rirda. gaiafebis Semdeg misi Rirebuleba 56 lari

gaxda. ramdeni procentiT gaiafda fexsacmeli?
15 giorgim wignis 60 gverdi waikiTxa. anim - 80 gverdi. ramdeni procentiT

meti gverdi waikiTxa anim, vidre giorgim?
16 benzinis fasi 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi gasammagda. ramdeni procentiT

moimata benzinis fasma?
17 qalaqis mosaxleoba bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi gaormagda. ramdeni

procentiT gaizarda qalaqis mosaxleoba?
18 TviTmfrinavis siCqare 900 km/sT-ia, avtomanqanis 1 km 1000 m

1 km/sT = = = 5 m/wm
108 km/sT. gamosaxeT siCqareebi m/wm-ebiT da dawereT 1 sT 3600 wm 18
proporcia: 900 : 108 = ? : ? .
19 wrewiris sigrZe 72 sm-ia. ras udris im rkalis sigrZe, romlis

gradusuli zoma tolia: a) 180°-is; b) 90°-is; g) 30°-is;
d) miRebuli Sedegebis gaTvaliswinebiT gaagrZeleT `tolobaTa
72 = 36 = 24 =
jaWvi~: ... .
360 180 120
20 yavis marcvlebi moxalvisas kargavs Tavisi wonis 12%-s. ramdeni

kilogrami yavaa saWiro 4,4 kg moxaluli yavis misaRebad?
21 gaSrobisas vaSli kargavs Tavisi wonis 84%-s. ramdeni kilogrami

vaSlisgan miiReba 16 kg Ciri?
22 samkuTxedis perimetri 48 sm-ia. ipoveT samkuTxedis gverdebi, Tu

isini proporciulia Sesabamisad 3-is, 4-isa da 5-is.
23 nakrZalSi daaxloebiT 14700 xea. diagramaze gamosaxulia

fo
wiwvovani da foTlovani xeebis raodenoba nakrZalSi 30%

Tl
(procentebSi). ipoveT wiwvovani da foTlovani xeebis raodenoba. 70%

ov
a
ni
24 ipoveT a da b-s iseTi mniSvnelobebi, romelTaTvisac ricxvebi a, wiwvovani
b da 36 Sesabamisad proporciulia:
1 1 1
a) 3-is, 1-isa da 1-is; b) -is, -isa da -is.
8 27 3
25 proporciidan ipoveT ucnobi:
x 18 30 = 24 x-1 = 5 18 = 6
a) = ; b) ; g) ; d) .
5 3 x 44 8 2 2x + 1 5
107
II Tavi
26 VIIa, VIIb da VIIg klasis moswavleebma gadawyvites skolis nakveTze 88
nergi yvavili dargon. rogor unda gainawilon yvavilebi bavSvebma
klasebis mixedviT, moswavleTa raodenobis proporciulad, Tu VIIa
klasSi - 18, VIIb klasSi - 21, xolo VIIg klasSi 27 moswavlea.
27 A da B punqtebs Soris manZili rukaze 6 sm sigrZis monakveTiTaa

gamosaxuli. ipoveT rukis masStabi, Tu realuri manZili A da B
punqtebs Soris: a) 150 km-ia, b) 20 km-ia, g) 300 km-ia.
28 erTi saxli 12 muSam 90 dReSi aaSena. ramden dReSi aaSenebs iseTive

saxls: a) 9 muSa? b) 68 muSa? g) 6 muSa?
29 velosipedistma punqtebs Soris manZili 12 saaTSi gaiara. ra droSi

gaivlis imave manZils avtomanqana, Tu cnobilia, rom avtomanqanis
siCqare velosipedistis siCqareze 5-jer metia.
30 ostatma detalebis raRac raodenoba 9 saaTSi daamzada, ramden saaTSi

daamzadebs imdenive detals Segirdi, Tu cnobilia, rom igi ostatze
2,5-jer nela muSaobs.
31 60 dayaviT a) 2-isa da 3-is, b) 7-isa da 5-is, ukuproporciul nawilebad.
32 supermarketSi 250 qaTamia gasayidi. pirvel dRes gaiyida arsebuli

qaTmebis 8%, meore dRes _ darCenili qaTmebis 10%:
a) ramdeni qaTami gaiyida orive dRes;
b) mTeli qaTmebis ramdeni procenti gaiyida sul?
33 zamTris paltos fasi 200 laria. fasi Semcirda 25%-iT.

a) ipoveT paltos fasi gaiafebis Semdeg;
b) ipoveT paltos fasi, Tu is isev gaZvirda 25%-iT.
34 ipoveT klebis procenti:

a) 50→25; b) 80→56; g) 150→142,5;
d) 3→0; b) 550→352; g) 20→19.
35 auzSi 350 cali Tevzia. Tu yovel TveSi iReben auzSi arsebuli Tevzis
10%-s, ramdeni Tevzi darCeba 3 Tvis Semdeg?
36 fexsacmlis fasi 45 laria. fasdaklebaze fasi Semcirda 20%-iT.

a) ipoveT fexsacmlis fasi gaiafebis Semdeg;
b) ramdeni procentiT moimata fasma, Tu is isev 45 lari gaxda?
37 geografiis saxelmZRvanelos gverdebis 35% feradia. Tu wignSi 98

gverdia feradi, sul ramdeni gverdia wignSi?
38 qalaqSi macxovreb 3500 ojaxs yavs manqana. Tu es ricxvi mTeli

qalaqis ojaxebis raodenobis 28%-ia, ramdeni ojaxi cxovrobs
qalaqSi?
108
39 anam testSi 88 % aiRo. Tu man 3 kiTxvaze arasworad upasuxa, ramden

SekiTxvas upasuxa sworad?
40 nikam testis 135 kiTxvaze upasuxa sworad, amiT misi maCvenebeli 90%
iyo. ramden kiTxvaze ver upasuxa nikam?
41* nikam pirvel testirebaze sworad upasuxa SekiTxvebis 60%-s.Semdeg

testirebaze misi swori pasuxebis maCvenebeli iyo 90%. ramdeni
procentiT gaaumjobesa nikam Tavisi Sedegi?
42 ricxviT mwkrivSi 8, 16, 26, - 48, -, 46 ori ricxvi gamotovebulia.

ipoveT es ricxvebi, Tu cnobilia, rom erTi maTgani meoreze 20-iT
mAetia da yvela ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikuli 32-ia.
43 A punqtidan erTdroulad erTmaneTis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT

gamovida msubuqi avtomobili 2 km/sT siCqariT da avtobusi
y km/sT siCqariT.
a) risi tolia avtomobilisa da avtobusis urTierTdaSorebis
siCqare;
b) ra manZili iqneba maT Soris t saaTis Semdeg;
g) t saaTis Semdeg ramdenad meti manZiliT iqneba daSorebuli msubuqi
avtomobili A punqtidan, vidre avtobusi?
44 ori brigada muSaobda mosavlis aRebaze. pirvelma brigadam

aiRo mosavali 5 ha-ze, TiToeul heqtarze x centneri. meorem _ 6
heqtarze, TiToeuli heqtaridan 10 c-iT naklebi.
a) ramdeni centneri mosavali aiRo meore brigadam;
b) ramdeni %-iT naklebi mosavali aiRo meore brigadam pirvelTan
SedarebiT?
45 meanabrem bankSi Seitana garkveuli Tanxa wliuri 9,5 %-iT. erTi

wlis Semdeg mis angariSze aRmoCnda 43 800 lari. ra Tanxa Seitana
meanabrem?
46 marTkuTxedis sigrZe gaizarda 40%-iT, xolo sigane Semcirda

25%-iT. rogor da ramdeni procentiT Seicvala marTkuTxedis
farTobi?
47 marTkuTxa paralelepipedis ori ganzomileba gazardes 30%-iT

TiToeuli, xolo mesame gazardes 1,5-jer. ramdeni procentiT
gaizarda paralelepipedis moculoba?
48 marTkuTxa paralelepipedis erTi ganzomileba gazardes 10%-iT,

meore 40%-iT, mesame Seamcires 35%-iT. rogor da ramdeni procentiT
Seicvala moculoba?
49 perangi Sarvalze iafia 20%-iT, sviteri 50%-iT Zviria perangze.

ramdeni procentiT Zviria sviteri Sarvalze?
109
II Tavi
50 maRaziam gaaiafa saqoneli sawyisi fasis 25%-iT. imis Semdeg,
rac gaiyida mTeli saqonlis 90%, maRaziam kvlav gaaiafa
saqoneli arsebuli fasis 40 %-iT da ase gayoda darCenili
saqoneli. sawyisi fasis ramden procents Seadgens gayidviT
Semosuli Tanxa?
51* maRaziam saqone lze fasi gazarda 2-jer. jer p %-iT, xolo
Semdeg 40%-iT. imis gamo, rom saqonlis nawili ar gaiyida,
maRaziam Seamcira fasi 50 %-iT. amis Sedegad darCenili
saqoneli gaiyida 16%-iT ufro iafad sawis fasTan SedarebiT.
ramdeni procentiT gaizarda fasi pirvelad?
52* meanabrem gaxsna ori anabari, or sxvadasxva bankSi. aRmoCnda,

rom pirveli anabris 60% tolia meore anabris 24%-is.
ramdeni procentiTaa pirveli anabari meoreze naklebi?
53* sabanko birJaze erT-erTi bankis aqciebis fasma orSabaTs

moimata 10%-iT, samSabaTs Semcirda p%-iT, oTxSabaTs
gaizarda 2%-iT. sabolood oTxSabaTs gayiduli aqciebis
fasi 6,59%-iT meti iyo, vidre orSabaTs gayiduli aqciebis
fasi. ramdeni %-iT moiklo fasma samSabaTs?
54* gvaqvs 2 Senadnobi. pirvelSi aris p% spilenZi, meoreSi

q% spilenZi. ra SefardebiT unda aviRoT naWrebi
Senadnobebisgan, rom miviRoT axali Senadnobi, romelSic
iqneba r% spilenZi?
55 erTi Senadnobi Sedgeba ori saxis metalisagan, romelTa

masebis Sefardebaa 1:2, xolo meore Seicavs igive metAalebs
SefardebiT 2:3. ra SefardebiT unda aviRoT TiToeuli
Senadnobi, rom maTi SeerTebiT miviRoT axali Senadnobi,
romelSic am metalebis Sefardebaa17:27.
56 TuTiisa da spilenZis ori Senadnobidan, pirvelSi maTi masebi

ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc 5:2, xolo meoreSi _ 3:4.
ramdeni kilogrami unda aviRoT TiToeuli Senadnobi, rom
miviRoT 28 kg axali Senadnobi, romelSic TuTia da spilenZi
tolad iqneba.
57 gadaadnes oqros da vercxlis ori Senadnobi, romelSic

oqrosa da vercxlis Sefardeba iyo 4:1 da 1:3. pirveli
Senadnobis wona iyo 10 kg, meoris _ 16 kg. kidev daamates
ramdenime kilogrami sufTa oqro da miiRes Senadnobi,
romelSic oqrosa da vercxlis Sefardebaa 3:2. ramdeni sufTa
oqro daamates?
110
1 1 1
58 a) 110 dayaviT -is -is da -is proporciul nawilebad;
2 4 6
1 1 1
b) 90 dayaviT -is -is da -is proporciul nawilebad.
3 4 6
59 a ricxvi b ricxvze n procentiT metia. ramdeni procentiTaa

naklebi b ricxvi a ricxvze, Tu
a) n=50; b) n=20; g) n=25; d) n=40.
60 satvirTo avtomobils gadaaqvs tvirTi erTi qalaqidan

meoreSi, romelTa Soris manZili 360 km-ia, amasTan misi
moZraobis saSualo siCqare sxvadasxva dRes, sxvadasxvaa.
gamosaxeT formuliT misi mgzavrobis drois damokidebuleba
moZraobis siCqareze. SeavseT cxrili (v _ siCqare km/sT-Si;
t _ dro saaTebSi).
v 30 60 80
5 8 2
a) ra droSi dafara avtomobilma qalaqebs Soris manZili,
roca misi siCqare iyo 60 km/sT; 80 km/sT; 120 km/sT;
b) ra siCqariT unda imoZraos avtomobilma, rom dafaros
qalaqebs Soris manZili 5 sT-Si? 6 sT-Si? 10 sT-Si?
61 qimiur laboratoriaSi atareben cdebs raRac nivTierebaze.

pirvel cdaze aiRes am nivTierebis 2 mm3 da gaxsnes garkveuli
masis wyalSi. meore cdis dros nivTiereba unda gaixsnas 5-jer
meti masis wyalSi. ra moculobis nivTiereba unda aviRoT
meore cdis dros igive koncentraciis narevi rom miviRoT?
62* ra naturalur ricxvze unda gavyoT 180, rom naSTSi darCes

ganayofis 25 %?
111
II Tavi
1 Tu 6 muSa samuSaos asrulebs 3 saaTSi, maSin 3 muSa Seasrulebs

a) 6 saaTSi, b) 1,5 saaTS.i, g) 2 saaTSi, d) 1 saaTSi.
2 Tu 6 muSa samuSaos asrulebs 3 saaTSi, maSin 12 muSa Seasrulebs

a) 3 sT-Si, b) 6 sT-Si, g) 1,5 sT-Si, d) 1 sT-Si.
3 Tu 5 muSa samuSaos asrulebs 1 dReSi, maSin 1 muSa Seasrulebs

a) 2 dReSi, b) 2,5 dReSi, g) 5 dReSi, d) 10 deSi.
4 Tu 1 muSa samuSaos asrulebs 15 dReSi, maSin 5 muSa Seasrulebs

a) 75 dReSi, b) 30 dReSi, g) 3 dReSi, d) 7,5 dReSi
5 Tu 1 muSa samuSaos asrulebs 7 saaTSi, maSin is 1 saaTSi Seasrulebs

samuSaos:
a) 1 nawils; b) 2 nawils; g) 1 nawils; d) pasuxs ver gavcemT.
7 7 2
6 Tu 1 muSa saaTSi asrulebs samuSaos mexuTeds, maSin mTel samuSaos

Seasrulebs
a) 5 sT-Si, b) 10 sT-Si, g) 3 sT-Si, d) pasuxs ver gavcemT.
7 Tu 80 asanTis Rers gavyofT or iseT grovad, rom erT-erT grovaSi

asanTebis raodenoba iqneba meoreSi asanTebis raodenobis 60%, maSin
am grovebSi asanTebis raodenoba iqneba
a) 35 da 45; b) 30 da 50; g) 20 da 60; d) 40 da 40.
8 naxazze Seferadebulia wris:

a) 50%, b) 75%, g) 3%, d) 3 %.
4
9 Tu erTi Tanamamravli gazardes 50%-iT, meore

ki Seamcires 50%-iT, maSin namravli:
a) gaizarda 50%-iT; b) Semcirda 50%-iT;
g) Semcirda 25%-iT; d) ar Seicvala.
10 Tu moswavlem waikiTxa 138 gverdi, rac Seadgens mTeli wignis 23%-s,

maSin wignSi aris:
a) 200 gverdi; b) 300 gverdi; g) 500 gverdi; d) 600 gverdi.
11 Tu Svidi ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikulia 11, maSin am ricxvebis jamia:

a) 70, b) 50, g) 77, d) pasuxs ver gavcemT.
112
12 Tu ramdenime ricxvis jamia 80, xolo maTi saSualo ariTmetikulia 4,
maSin am ricxvebis raodenobaa:
a) 20; b) 51; g) 10; d) 8.
13 aTi ricxvis saSualoa 50. am monacemebidan amoiRes erTi, amis mere

danarCenebis saSualo aRmoCnda 45. amoRebuli ricxvia:
a) 50; b) 55; g) 75; d) 95.
14 ipoveT 1, 12, 15, 18, 29, 15, 62 monacemebis mediana, moda, saSualo da
diapazoni.
15 wignis sam Taroze 130 wignia. pirvel, meore da mesame Taroebze

arsebuli wignebis raodenobebi ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc
4:5:4, maSin meore Taroze wignebis raodenobaa:
a) 40; b) 10; g) 50; d) 60.
3x5
16 ramdenjer gaizrdeba 2y 2 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba, Tu x-is da y-is
mniSvnelobebs 2-jer gavzrdiT.

a) 4-jer; b) 49 -jer; g) 8-jer; d) 16-jer.
17 oTxi ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikuli am ricxvebis jamis ramdeni

procentia:
a) 50; b) 25; g) 20; d) 10.
18 mocemulia a:b=2:5; b:c=3:8, maSin a:c= :

a) 2:8; b) 5:8; g) 1:4; d) 3:10.
19 ipoveT m
n
, Tu 24
n
: 13 =
5m
2, 6
:
65
a) 0,96; b) 0,48; g) 24 ; d) 24
65
.
20 muSis mier pirvel da meore dRes damzadebuli detalebis raodenoba

ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc 2:2 23 , xolo meore da mesame dRes,
rogorc 1 13 : 1 12 . muSam mesame dRes 30 detaliT meti daamzada, vidre
pirvel dRes. ramdeni detali daamzada meore dRes?
a) 50; b) 60; g) 80; d) 90.
113
III Tavi
1. uaryofiTi ricxvebi.
ricxviTi RerZi
RmerTma Seqmna naturaluri

ricxvebi. yvela danarCeni
kacis mogonilia
leopold kronekeri
– didi germaneli leopold kronekeri.
maTematikosi. misi (1823-1891 ww).
Sromebi ZiriTadad
ganekuTvneboda al-
gebrasa da ricxvTa
Teorias.
zRaprebSi darCe- Tvla ar gamougonia romelime genialur adamians. Tvlis Camo-

nilia gamoTqma: `cxra
yalibebas, ricxvis cnebis SemoRebas Zalian didi dro dasWirda.
mTa gadaiarao~ – e.i.
Zalian bevri mTa adamiani Tavisi ganviTarebis xangrZlivi drois ganmavlobaSi
gadaiarao. maSin, arCevda mxolod ricxv èrTs~, romelsac igi ukavSirebda Ta-
cxra, albaT udidesi vis erT xels, xolo danarCeni sagnebis raodenoba misTvis ukve
ricxvi iyo.
`mravali~ iyo. ori sagnis asaRebad saWiro iyo ori xeli, roca
pirvelyofilma adamianma es gaacnobiera, man SeZlo axali ricx-
sityva `milioni~ wa vis – òris~ warmodgena. gadioda dro, adamianebs Soris gaCaRda
rmoiSva XVQ saukuneSi
vaWroba. gaizarda dasaTvleli sagnebis (cxvari, Zroxa, soflis
italiaSi sityvebi
sagan `mille~ da meurneobis produqtebi, Sromis iaraRebi) raodenoba. da – ada-
òne~. `mille~ niSnavs mianmac iswavla daTvla...
aTass, òne~ ki Qmas
gamadidebel mniSvn-
elobas aZlevs.Q
naturaluri ricxvebi Tvlis Sedegad miRebuli ric
xvebia.
magram yoveldRiur cxovrebaSi adamianebs ara marto sagnebis

daTvla, aramed sidideTa gazomvac uxdebodaT. magaliTad, sig-
rZis, farTobis, masis, risTvisac mxolod naturaluri ricxvebi
sakmarisi aRar iyo. adamianis am praqtikulma moTxovnilebebma
gamoiwvia maTematikaSi wiladi ricxvebis Semotana. garda wminda
`praqtikuli~ mosazrebisa, arsebobda naturaluri ricxvebisa-
gan gansxvavebuli axali ricxvebis SemoRebis ufro Rrma safuZve-
li. magaliTad, kargad iciT, rom naturalur ricxvTa simravleSi
Cven yovelTvis SegviZlia SevasruloT ori moqmedeba – Sekreba
da gamravleba, rac imas niSnavs, rom nebismieri ori naturaluri
ricxvis jamic da namravlic isev naturaluri ricxvia, magram
Sebrunebuli moqmedebani – gamokleba da gayofa – yovelTvis ar
sruldeba. magaliTad, 6 – 5 = 1 da 1 ∈ N, magram 5 – 6 naturaluri
ricxvi ar aris.
114
ÌÏÂÄÁÀ,
simaRle
ËÀÒÄÁÛÉ
1000 metrebSi
2000
500
ÓÄØÔÄÌÁÄÒÉ
ÏØÔÏÌÁÄÒÉ
1000
ÀÂÅÉÓÔÏ
0
ÌÊÅÃÀÒÉ
ÆÙÅÀ
0
ÃÄÊÄÌÁÄÒÉ
ÉÀÍÅÀÒÉ
ÌÀÉÓÉ
ÉÅÍÉÓÉ
ÈÄÁÄÒÅÀËÉ
ÌÀÒÔÉ
ÀÐÒÉËÉ
ÉÅËÉÓÉ
ÍÏÄÌÁÄÒÉ
ÈÅÄÄÁÉ
500
1000
nax. 1 nax. 2
1. 1-el naxazze mocemulia svetovani diagrama, romelic gviCvenebs

2011 wlis ganmavlobaSi firmis yovelTviur mogebas. marTkuTxa
svetebis erTi gverdi horizontalur RerZze mdebareobs,
xolo svetis simaRle Sesabamis TveSi firmis mogebis tolia.
firmam agvistoSi, seqtemberSi da oqtomberSi wageba ganicada,
amitom Sesabamisi svetebi qveviTaa mimarTuli, Tan wiTladaa
Seferadebuli, wiTeli svetebis simaRlec Sesabamis TveebSi
wagebis, ùaryofiTi mogebis~ tolia.
2. mkvdari zRvis (israelSi) zedapiri zRvis doneze qvemoT mde-

bareobs. zRvis done nulovan donedaa miRebuli da 0-iT aRiniS-
neba. me-2 naxazze Cans, rom mkvdari zRva 390 m-iT `nuls qvemoT~
mdebareobs.
 moifiqreT, Tavad magaliTebi, sadac gamoyenebuli

? iqneba ricxvebi „nuls qvemoT“.
ganxiluli magaliTebidan cxadia, rom saWiroa SemoviRoT axali

ricxvebi, ricxvebi “nuls qvemoT”.
naturaluri ricxvebi da axali ricxvebi – ricxvebi „nuls qvemoT~
SesaZlebelia wrfis wertilebiT gamoisaxos.
wrfeze aviRoT raime O wertili (nax. 3) da igi aTvlis saTaved O A B K
miviRoT. O wertils SevusabamoT ricxvi 0. O wertilma wrfe 0 1 2 3
or urTierTsawinaaRmdegod mimarTul sxivad gayo. horizon-
nax. 3
talur wrfeze mimarTuleba marcxnidan marjvniv miRebulia
dadebiT mimarTulebad (vertikalurze – qvemodan zemoT), sawi-
1,2,3,4,... dadebiTi
naaRmdego mimarTulebas ki – uaryofiTi mimarTuleba ewodeba. ricxvebia
naxazze dadebiTi mimarTuleba isriTaa aRniSnuli.
0 wertilidan dadebiTi mimarTulebiT gadavzomoT erTeulis
toli OA monakveTi. A wertils SevusabamoT ricxvi 1. ori erTeu
liT daSorebul B wertils _ ricxvi 2 da a.S.
115
III Tavi
ricxvebs, romelTa Sesabamisi wertilebi dadebiT sxivze mde-

bareobs, dadebiTi ricxvebi ewodeba.
OA sxivis mimarT u
leba dadebiTi mimar
D K M O A B N
Tulebaa. OD sxivis
3
F 3 2 1 0 1 2
mimarTuleba ki – uar
nax. 3
yofiTi mimarTuleba. 2
2 = +2
1 ?  ra ricxvi Seesabameba me-3 naxazze N wertils?
F wertils?
0
aseve 0 wertilidan uaryofiT sxivze movniSnoT erTi
erTeuliT daSorebuli M wertili, ori erTeuliT
1
daSorebuli K wertili da a.S. (nax. 3) M wertiliT
2 gamovsaxoT „nuls qvemoT~ mdebare ricxvi 1 , xolo
K wertiliT _ ricxvi 2 . uaryofiT sxivze mdebare
3 wertilebis Sesabamis ricxvebs uaryofiTi ricxvebi
ewodebaT.
4 0-dan 1 erTeuliT daSorebul uaryofiT ricxvs ase
aRniSnaven: „–1~, ori erTeuliT daSorebul uaryofiT
ricxvs _ „–2~, 2,5 erTeuliT daSorebul uaryofiT ricxvs – „–2,5“, ...
da Sesabamisad ikiTxeba: minus erTi, minus ori, minus 2 mTeli 5
meaTedi.
dadebiTi ricxvebi ki ase aRiniSneba: „+1“, „+3“, „+5“, ikiTxeba
Sesabamisad: plus 1, plus 3, plus 5
0
uaryofiTi ricxvebi ↑ dadebiTi ricxvebi
nuli
ricxvi nuli arc dadebiTia da arc uaryofiTi. dadebiTi ricxvis

win „+“ niSnis dawera aucilebeli ar aris.
1.
dawereT naxazze mocemul wrfeze moniSnul wertilTa Sesabamisi

ricxvebi.
1
2. aRwereT, rogor vipovoT wrfeze 5 -is; 2,3-is; -1,7-is; -3,1-is
2
Sesabamisi wertilebi. SeasruleT Sesabamisi naxazi.
Tu mocemuli davalebebi sworad SeasruleT, mixvdebiT, rom

yoveli ricxvisaTvis SesaZlebelia moiZebnos Sesabamisi wertili
wrfeze. aseT wrfes ricxviTi RerZi ewodeba.
116
1. uaryofiTi ricxvebi. ricxviTi RerZi
ricxviTi RerZi aris wrfe, romelzec SerCeulia:

1) aTvlis saTave;
2) erTeuli monakveTi;
3) dadebiTi mimarTuleba.
ricxvs, romelsac ricxviTi RerZis mocemuli wertili Seesab- „nullis“ _ laTinuri
ameba, am wertilis koordinati ewodeba. sityvaa niSnavs
àrafers~.
is, rom a ricxvi aris A wertilis koordinati, ase aRiniSneba:
A(a).
a) b)
nax. 4
me-4 nax-ze L wertilis koordinatia –2. iwereba: L(–2),

K wertilis koordinatia 4,5 , iwereba: K(4,5).
 ipoveT me-4 naxazze P, F, M, A, B, C, D, N wertilebis

!
? koordinatebi. 0 ar aris arc
dadebiTi da arc
 moiyvaneT magaliTi cxovrebidan, Tu sad gamoiyeneba uaryofiTi
vertikaluri ricxviTi RerZi.
. . . –3; –2; –1; 0; +1; +2; +3; . . . ricxvebs mTeli ricxvebi ewodeba.
mTel ricxvTa simravle Z asoTi aRvniSnoT.
dadebiTi da uaryofiTi ricxvebi, rogorc mTeli, aseve wiladi,
0-Tan erTad racionalur ricxvTa simravles qmnis. racionalur
ricxvTa simravle aRvniSnoT Q asoTi. mag., 5∈Q; –7∈Q; –1,5∈Q.
amrigad,
Q
N={1; 2; 3; ...} – naturalur ricxvTa simravle;
Z={..., –3; –2; –1; 0; 1; 2; ...} – mTel ricxvTa simravle; Z N
Q – racionalur ricxvTa simravle.
magaliTi 1.
ricxviT RerZs
moniSneT ricxviT RerZze wertilebi: A(–3); B(–4,5); C(2,5); K(4); O(0). sakoordinato
RerZsac uwodeben.
amoxsna:
GAgaiTvaliswineT, rom wertili, romlis koordinati uaryofiTi
ricxvia, mdebareobs uaryofiT sxivze, xolo wertili, romlis
koordinatic dadebiTia – dadebiT sxivze.
B A O C K
-4,5 -3 0 2,5 4
117
III Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 lokokina, romelic ijda totze dRis ganmavlobaSi 40 sm-iT

maRla acocda, RamiT ki a) 30 sm-iT, b) 50 sm-iT qvemoT Camococda.
sawyisi mdebareobidan ra manZilze da misgan ra mimarTulebiT
gadaadgilda lokokina dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi?
ra saerTo aqvT a) da b) SekiTxvebze gacemul pasuxebs da riT
gansxvavdebian isini erTmaneTisagan?
5 roca vambobT, rom xuTsarTuliani saxlis simaRle 20 m-ia, vgu-

lisxmobT saxlis simaRles miwis zedapiridan.
rogor gesmiT Semdegi winadadebebis azri?
a) myinvarwveris simaRle 5033 m-ia;
b) kaspiis zRvis fskeri yvelaze Rrma adgilas –1025 m-zea;
g) 25 ianvars quTaisSi dRisiT 5° siTbo iyo. RamiT ki temperatura
–7°-mde daeca.
6 Tiko, nika da gio erT quCaze cxovroben. Tikosa da gios saxlebi

nikas saxlis sxvadasxva mxaresaa da misgan 5 da 8 saxliTaa daSo-
rebuli. ramdeni saxlia Tikosa da gios saxlebs Soris?
8 Termometri 4°C aCvenebda. amis Semdeg temperatura daeca

8°-iT, Semdeg aiwia 5°-iT da isev daeca 2°-iT. ra temperaturas
aCvenebs amJamad Termometri?
9 mas Semdeg, rac temperaturam daiklo 2°-iT, kidev daiklo

2°-iT, Semdeg moimata 4°-iT da isev daiklo 3°-iT, Termometris
Cveneba gaxda –1°. ramden graduss aCvenebda Tavdapirvelad
Termometri?
11 daxazeT ricxviTi RerZi, erTeulad miiReT 1 sm sigrZis mon-

akveTi da moniSneT wertilebi:
5 2
D(7,8); E(–4,1); F(0,8); L`- j ; P`- 6 j .
3 3
12 axseniT winadadebis azri da Sesabamisi sidideebi gamosaxeT

ricxviT RerZze:
a) bankSi giorgis angariSze 150 laria, xolo Tikos angariSze
– 100 lari.
b) kaspiis zRvis zedapiri zRvis donidan –28 m-zea, xolo
tabawyuris tba — 1989 m-ze.
g) 11 aprils yvelaze dabali temperatura –2° iyo, xolo
yvelaze maRali – +5°.
118
1. uaryofiTi ricxvebi. ricxviTi RerZi
13 ipoveT naxazze miTiTebul wertilTa koordinatebi.

D A O B C
0 1
14 daasabuTeT, rom N⊂Z⊂Q.
15 ricxviT RerZze moniSneT A(–5); B(–3) wertilebi daasaxeleT

sami ricxvi, romelTa Sesabamisi wertilebi A da B wertilebs
Soris:
a) mdebareobs b) ar mdebareobs.
17 aRniSneT ricxviT RerZze A(–8), B(–7) da C(3) wertilebi. ram-

deni erTeulia A da B wertilebs Soris? A da C wertilebs
Soris? B da C wertilebs Soris?
18 WeSmaritia Tu ara Semdegi winadadeba:

a) –5 ∈ Z; b) –5 ∈ N; g) –5 ∉ Q; d) –0,15 ∉ Z;
e) 0 ∈ N; v) 0,3 ∈ Z; z) – 5 ∉Z; T) –97 ∈ Q.
7
22 erTi miliT auzi 8 saaTSi ivseba, meoriT ki – 5 saaTSi. g

a) ra SemTxvevaSi ufro meti wyali iqneba auzSi, roca pirveli
mili gaxsnilia 6 saaTis ganmavlobaSi, Tu meore – 4 saaTis
ganmavlobaSi.
b) auzis ra procenti iqneba avsebuli TiToeul SemTxvevaSi?
23* gadaadnes ori sxvadasxva xarisxis oqros zodi. pirveli

800-gramiani, romelic Seicavda 45 % vercxls, meore ki 1 kg da
200 gramiani, romelic Seicavda 20 % vercxls. ramden procent
vercxls Seicavs miRebuli Senadnobi.
24 ipoveT xuTi momdevno naturaluri ricxvi, romelTa jamia:

a) 75, b) 80, g) 53.
daakvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs da gamoitaneT daskvna: rogori
ricxvi miiReba xuTi momdevno naturaluri ricxvis SekrebiT?
25* ramdeni xerxiTaa SesaZlebeli SevarCioT 2 bavSvi olim

piadisTvis:
a) 4 bavSvidan; b) 7 bavSvidan.
26 moqmedebis Sesrulebis gareSe daadgineT, iyofa Tu ara:

a) sxvaoba 2103201 – 58707 2-ze da 9-ze;
b) jami 36036 + 49032 4-ze da 9-ze
da axseniT ratom.
119
III Tavi
27 ra cifriT bolovdeba ricxvi
1111 + 12 12 + 13 13 + 14 14.
28 Semdegi ricxvebidan romelia meti:

127 23 Tu 513 18.
29 kalia daxtis wrfeze. pirvel gadaxtomaze is akeTebs 1 sm-is

tol naxtoms, meoreze _ 2 sm, mesameze isev 1-s da a.S. SeiZleba
Tu ara, rom 2005 naxtomis Semdeg kalia moxvdes im wertilSi,
saidanac daiwyo xtoma? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
cxadia, 0-is, uaryofiTi da wiladi ricxvebis

Semotana erTbaSad ar momxdara. Cveulebrivi wiladi,
roca mniSvnelic da mricxvelic naturaluri
ricxvebia, pirvelad Zveli welTaRricxvis udidesi
moazrovnis arqimedes TxzulebebSi gvxvdeba.
xolo Cveni welTa Rricxvis III saukunis udides
maTematikoss diofantes Semoaqvs uaryofiTi
ricxvebi da maTze moqmedebaTa wesebsac ayalibebs.
arqimede
uaryofiTi ricxvebi icodnen agreTve Zvel Ci-
(Zv.w. 287-212 w.) Zveli
neTSic daaxloebiT 2100 wlis winaT. maT uaryofiTi
saberZneTis (da Sei-
Zleba yvela drois) ricxvi esmodaT rogor vali, dadebiTi ki – rogorc
udidesi maTemati qoneba. Cinelebma uaryofiT ricxvis Sekreba-
kosi. gamoklebac ki icodnen.
120
2. racionaluri ricxvebis
Sedareba
1. ricxviT RerZze aRniSneT rukaze

mocemuli geografiuli simaRlee-
bi. CawereT romelia:
a) yvelaze dabali adgili;
b) yvel aze maRali adgili (igu-
lisxmeba rukaze mocemuli geo
grafiuli adgilebidan).
Cven ukve viciT dadebiTi ricxvebis

Sedareba. magaliTad, 5<7; 3,005<3,01;
0<0,001. rogor SevadaroT uaryofiTi
ricxvebi?
ganvixiloT aseTi amocanebi:

1. firmam seqtemberSi 500 lari wageba anu uaryofiTi mogeba gani-
cada, oqtomberSi ki uaryofiTi mogeba 700 lars Seadgenda. cxadia,
firmisTvis ufro wamgebiani oqtombris Tve iyo, e.i. –700 < –500.
–700 –500
0
2. 2005 wlis 17 Tebervals gorSi temperatura –12°C iyo, xolo
baTumSi – 2°C. sad ufro cioda? pasuxi martivia – gorSi, radgan
gorSi temperatura ufro dabali iyo.
e.i. –12 < –2.
–12 –2 0
aseTi uamravi amocana SegviZlia ganvixiloT. amrigad, nebismieri dadebiTi

ricxvi metia nebismier
uaryofiT ricxvze.
ori racionaluri ricxvidan metia is ricxvi, romlis
Sesabamisi wertili ricxviT RerZze ufro marjvniv mde
bareobs.
Tu ricxviT Rerze a ricxvi mdebareobs b ricxvis marcxniv,
maSin vwerT: a<b an b>a.
a b 0
a<b
dadebiTi ricxvebi 0-is marjvniv mdebareobs, e.i. dadebiTi ricxvi
0-ze metia.
uaryofiTi ricxvebi 0-is marcxniv mdebareobs, e.i. uaryofiTi
ricxvi 0-ze naklebia.
121
III Tavi
a dadebiTi ricxvia,
e.i. a>0. ipoveT udidesi mTeli ricxvi, romelic naklebia:
a uaryofiTi ricxvia, a) 7,001-ze, b) 0,5-ze; g) –0,3-ze; d) –12,7-ze; e) –18-ze.
e.i. a<0.
a arauaryofiTi
ricxvia,
e.i. a ≥ 0.
savarjiSoebi:
1 daalageT qvemoT moyvanili faqtebi qronologiurad:

Zv. w-is 325 w. evklidem Seqmna Tavisi geometriis wigni “evklides
eileris Teorema
mravalwaxnagebis sawyisebi”;
Sesaxeb Zv. w-is 585 Tales mileTelma iwinaswarmetyvela mzis dabneleba;
eileris Teoremis Zv. w-is 220 w. eratosTenem gansazRvra dedamiwis garSemoweri-
Tanaxmad, A+C–B=2,
sadac A – mravalwax
loba; 1639 wels daibeWda Teqvsmeti wlis blez paskalis pirveli
nagis wveroTa raode- samecniero gamokvleva.
nobaa, 1758 wels eilerma daamtkica metad mniSvnelovani Teorema mra-
B – wiboebis raodeno-
valwaxnagebis Sesaxeb.
ba, xolo C – waxnagebis
raodenobaa.
2 romelia meti:
1 3 3
a) –9 Tu –9,3; b) –18 Tu –21,4; g) - Tu ; d) - Tu 0.
5 7 7
3 mocemuli wertilebidan romeli mdebareobs ricxviT RerZze

ufro marcxniv:
SeamowmeT eileris a) A(–7) Tu B(–7,5); b) M(5) Tu K(–1); g) F(0) Tu L(–2,7).
Teor emis marTebu
loba marTk uTxa pa 4 Semdegi ricxvebi daalageT: a) zrdis mixedviT:
ralelepipedisTvis.
1 3 2
–1; –33,3; 7; –2; 15,5; –12,7; 0,5; - ; - ; - 5 .
2 4 3
b) klebis mixedviT:
–11; –15; –2,1; –35; 77,1; 77,05; –0,008; –0,08.
5 daadgineT, romelia WeSmariti da romeli mcdari winadadeba:

a) –7<–8; b) –5<3; g) 7>0; d) –9,1<0.
e) –4∈{–7; –6; . . . 2, 3, 4}; v) 5,1∈{–2; –1; 0; . . . 7; 8; 9}.
6 CawereT xuTi ricxvi, romelic ricxviT RerZze mocemul ricx-

vebs Soris mdebareobs:
a) –7 da –4,5; b) –2 da 0,5; g) –1,005 da 0; d) –12 da –11.
7* ipoveT kanonzomiereba da CawereT momdevno 2 wevri:

a) 0; –4; –8; –12; . . . ; b) 3; –2; –7; –12; . . . .
g) 1; –2; 3; –4; . . . ; d) –2; –4; –8; –16; . . . .
8 mocemuli wertilebidan romelia daSorebuli ricxviTi RerZis

saTavidan ufro meti manZiliT:
a) 1 Tu –2; b) –19,8 Tu 16,4; g) –5,3 Tu –5,8;
d) 4,001 Tu 4,01; e) –3,27 Tu –3,3; v) – 3 Tu – 1 .
4 4
122
2. racionaluri ricxvebis Sedareba
9 CawereT gamotovebuli sityvebis nacvlad sityvebi „dadebiTi“

an „uaryofiTi“ ise, rom miiRoT WeSmariti winadadeba.
a) nebismieri ? ricxvi nebismier ? ricxvze metia;
b) nebismieri ? ricxvi 0-ze naklebia;
g) nebismieri ? ricxvi 0-ze metia;
d) nebismieri ? ricxvi nebismier ? ricxvze naklebia.
10* WeSmaritia Tu mcdari Semdegi winadadeba:

a) Tu a ricxvi metia –1-ze, maSin a dadebiTi ricxvia.
b) Tu a ricxvi metia 3-ze, maSin a dadebiTi ricxvia
g) Tu a ricxvi naklebia 1-ze, maSin a uaryofiTi ricxvia
d) Tu a ricxvi naklebia –5-ze, maSin a uaryofiTi ricxvia.
11* Tu a uaryofiTia ricxvia, maSin aucileblad Sesruldeba:

a) a < –1; b) –100<a≤0; g) a<5; d) a > –105.
12 CawereT utolobis saxiT:

a) x metia an toli 5-ze; b) x ar aris dadebiTi ricxvi;
g) x naklebia –7-ze; d) x naklebia an toli –11-ze.
e) a ar aris naklebi 8-ze; v) a ar aris uaryofiTi ricxvi;
z) a an uaryofiTi ricxvia an 0-is toli;
T) a ar aris meti 15-ze.
13 makam 4 kg 7 lariani da 3 kg 5 lariani Sokoladi erTmaneTSi

auria. ra Rirs 1 kg narevi Sokoladi?
14 daTom pirvel dRes wignis 40% waikiTxa. meore dRes - 30%. g

a) SeadgineT gamosaxuleba: wignis ramdeni gverdi waikiTxa daTom;
b) ipoveT ramden gverds Seicavda wigni, Tu daTos wasakiTxi
darCa 36 gverdi.
15 eqvsma avtomobilma 5 saaTSi daxarja 480 l. benzini. Tu benzinis

moxmareba ar Seicvleba, ramden litr benzins daxarjavs
a) 7 avtomobili 8 saaTSi; b) 8 avtomobili 7 saaTSi.
123
III Tavi
3. ricxvis moduli
1. nato gogebaSvilis q. 1# 2-Si cxovrobs. eka da giorgi imave quCa-

ze, misgan xuTi saxlis daSorebiT cxovroben. SegviZlia Tu ara
davaskvnaT, rom eka da giorgi erT saxlSi cxovroben?
2. daxazeT ricxviTi RerZi da moniSneT masze
a) 5-isa da –5-is Sesabamisi wertilebi;
b) ra aqvs saerTo da riT gansxvavdeba erTmaneTisgan es ricxvebi?
rogorc ukve viciT, uaryofiTi da dadebiTi ricxvebis Ses-

abamisi wertilebi ricxviT RerZze O wertilis sxvadasxva mxares
mdebareobs, xolo niSniT gansxvavebuli ricxvebis Sesabamisi wer-
tilebi ki O-dan Tanabradaa daSorebuli. aseT ricxvebs mopirda-
pire ricxvebi ewodeba. magaliTad, –2-is mopirdapire ricxvia 2.
aseve, 2-is mopirdapire ricxvia –2. e.i. nebismieri racionaluri a
ricxvis mopirdapire ricxvia –a.
5 5
2 2
5 da –5 mopirdapire
–5 –2 0 2 5
4 da –4 ricxvebi
niSniT gansxvavebul zogjer mxolod imiT vinteresdebiT, Tu ra manZiliTaa esa Tu

ricxvebs mopirdapi is ricxvi daSorebuli 0-dan. magaliTad, ricxvebi 4 da –4, 0-dan
re ricxvebi ewodeba daSorebulia 4 erTeuliT. aseT SemTxvevaSi vambobT, rom ricxvebs
4-s da –4-s aqvs erTnairi àbsoluturi mniSvneloba~.
ricxviTi RerZis aTvlis saTavidan ricxvis gamomsaxvel

wertilamde manZils am ricxvis moduli, anu absoluturi
mniSvneloba ewodeba.
a ricxvis absoluturi mniSvneloba, moduli aRiniSneba ase: |a|.

e.i.
5 2,5
|5| = 5; |2,5| = 2,5;
0 1 5 0 2,5
5 –3,8
|–5| = 5; |–3,8| = 3,8;
–5 0 –3,8 0
124
ganxiluli magaliTebidan vaskvniT:
dadebiTi ricxvis moduli TviT am ricxvis tolia

|a|=a, Tu a>0;
uaryofiTi ricxvis moduli misi mopirdapire ricxvis toli
|a| = –a, Tu a<0;
|a|= )-
a, Tu a $ 0
a, Tu a < 0
nulis moduli nulis tolia
|0|=0.
yuradReba: 1. nebismieri ricxvis moduli arauaryofiTi ricxvia:
|a| ≥ 0
|–7| = |7|
2. mopirdapire ricxvebis modulebi tolia:
|a| = |–a|
gavixsenoT paragrafis dasawyisSi giorgi nato eka

dasmuli 1-eli amocana. Tu
SevadgenT am amocanis maTematikur
models (nax. 1), davinaxavT, rom –5 0 5
giorgi da eka SesaZloa erT saxlSi
ar cxovrobdnen. (nax. 1)
savarjiSoebi:
1 giorgi da ani erT sadarbazoSi cxovroben. maT binebs Soris

gansxvaveba sami sarTulia. romel sarTulze cxovrobs ani, Tu
giorgi cxovrobs:
a) me-5 sarTulze; b) me-2 sarTulze?
2 ipoveT |a|, Tu a = –5; –8; 11,5; 0;8; –18,01.
3 gamovTvaloT: a) |–2,1|–8; b) |18,7|+|–25,001|;

g) - 12 3 - 5 1 ; d) 2 3 + - 7 1 ; e) - 8 1 - 3, 75 ;
4 6 8 4 3
v) - 3 - - 1, 125 + 9 + - 4, 375 ; z) 5 - - 4, 6 + - 3, 7 - - 2 1 .
5 3 7
6 4 9 3
4* ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba:
a) | |5–1,1|+18 |; b) | |9| – |–5,4|+6,7 |; g) | |1–2,2| · |–4,7|–10 |.
d) –(|–2|+|–3|):5+6(|–2|–|–3|); e) –|(–3)+(–4)|:7+5|(–3)–(–4)|.
125
III Tavi
5 `rogor SeiZleba |a| = –a?
Cven xom viciT, rom |a| yovelTvis arauaryofiTi ricxvia~, – Tqva
qeTim.
a) ra hqonda mxedvelobaSi am sityvebis Tqmisas qeTis?
b) Tqven rogor fiqrobT?
6 daasabuTeT, rom ori uaryofiTi ricxvidan metia is, romlis

modulic naklebia.
7 gaarkvieT riT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan

a) a–b da b–a; b) |a–b| da |b–a| ricxvebi?
8 me-6 magaliTSi gamotanili daskvnis safuZvelze SeadareT erT-

maneTs:
a) –8 da –4; b) –5,1 da –7,9; g) –22,003 da –22,01.
9 ipoveT x-is yvela is mniSvneloba, romlisTvisac sruldeba:

a) |x|=1; b) |x|=12; g) |x|=0; d) |x|=–7.
10* ipoveT x-is iseTi sami dadebiTi da sami uaryofiTi mniSvn-

eloba, romelTaTvisac Sesruldeba utoloba:
a) |x|<3; b) |x|>7; g) |x|>0; d) 2<|x|<4.
11 WeSmaritia Tu ara 1<|x|<3 utoloba Semdegi ricxvebisTvis:

a) –4; b) 3,8; g) 0; d) –2,4; e) –5; v) 4,5; z) –0,45?
dadebiTi ricxvis mo
duli TviT am ricxvis
12 gaarkvieT aris Tu ara monacemebi sakmarisi amocanaSi dasmul
tolia.
SekiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad. uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi
uaryofiTi ricxvis
SeecadeT Tavad daamatoT saWiro damatebiTi monacemi.
moduli misi mopirda
pire ricxvis tolia. a) romeli qalaqi mdebareobs me-20 meridianze da 29-e
nulis moduli nulis
paralelze?
tolia. b) xaSuridan erTdroulad ori avtomobili gavida. pirveli
moZraobda 60km/sT, xolo meore 50km/sT siCqariT. ra manZili
iqneba maT Soris 3 saaTis Semdeg?
g) ninosa da daCis simaRleTa Soris gansxvaveba 10 sm-ia. ra
simaRlisaa nino, Tu daCis simaRle 1 m da 40 sm-ia?
13* WeSmaritia Tu ara Semdegi winadadebebi:

a) Tu |a|>|b|, maSin a>b;
b) Tu |a|>|b|, maSin a ricxvis Sesabamisi wertili ricxviT RerZze
saTavidan ufro Sorsaa, vidre b ricxvis Sesabamisi wertili;
g) Tu |a|=|b|, maSin a=±b; d) Tu |a|=–|b|, maSin a=b=0;
e) Tu a≠b, maSin SesaZloa |a|=|b|; v) Tu a>b, maSin |a|>|b|.
14* amoxseniT gantoleba: a) |x–5|=3; b) |x+3|=5; g) |x–2| = –3.
126
3. ricxvis moduli
15 -Si CawereT >, <, an = niSnebi ise, rom miiRoT swori winadadeba:
a) |5||–5|; b) |–7||–12|; g) |–1,7||–5,9|;
1 1
d) |–8||0|; e) |–0,01||–0,1|; v) - .
3 4
16 ipoveT yvela is ricxvi, romelTa moduli tolia:
a) 5-is; b) 8,5-is; g) 0-is; d) -2-is.
17 ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba: a) –a, Tu a=3; –1,5; 0,5; –5,9;

b) x, Tu –x=4; –7,1; –10,08; 18; g) –(–c), Tu c=11; –17; 18; –25.
18* daamtkiceT, rom

785 - 783 = ` 1 - 1 j
a) 934 - 948 = 1 - 1 ; b) 2 .
933 947 933 947 787 785 785 787
19* SeadareT nuls a+b, Tu

a) |a|+|b|=0; b) |a|+|b|=a+b; g) |ab|=–ab; d) |ab|=ab.
20 cnobilia, rom a≠0 da b≠0. |ab| = –ab. SeadareT 0-s a da b.
21 a-s nebismieri mniSvnelobebisTvis WeSmaritia utoloba:

a) |a|≥0; b) |a|>0; g) |a|≤0; d) |a|<0.
22* a) Seuries 20%-iani 5 l da 45%-iani 3 l xsnari. ramden pro

centiani xsnari miiReba?
g
b) Seuries 20°-iani 5 l da 45°-iani 3 l wyali. ras udris narevis viswavloT!
temperatura? davinaxoT yovel
g) iyides 20 lariani 5 m da 45 lariani 3 m qsovili. saSualod ra amocanaSi misi maTe
matikuri modeli.
Tanxa gadaixades 1 m qsovilSi?
d) ra aqvT saerTo da riT gansxvavdeba mocemuli sami amocana
erTmaneTisagan?
e) Tavad SeadgineT msgavsi monacemebiT axali amocana.
23* kalaTaSi 9 wiTeli, 8 yviTeli da 6 mwvane feris vaSlia. sul

cota ramdeni cali vaSli unda amoviRoT kalaTidan (Cauxeda-
vad), rom amoRebulebs Soris aucileblad iyos samive feris
vaSli?
24* sofelSi TiToeul ojaxs hyavs ZaRli an kata. ZaRli hyavs

ojaxebis 80%-s, xolo kata – 40%-s. sofelSi mcxovreb 50 ojaxs
hyavs ZaRlic da katac. sul ramdeni ojaxia sofelSi?
127
III Tavi
4. moqmedebebi, racionalur
ricxvebze
1. racionaluri ricxvebis Sekreba, gamokleba
1. 2006 wlis 14 ianvars siRnaRSi Ramis 12 saaTze temperatura –2°C
iyo. meore dRis pirveli saaTisTvis ki temperaturam 5°C-iT
aiwia. ramden graduss aCvenebs Termometri dRis pirvel saaTze.
Tqven ukve iciT dadebiTi ricxvebis Sekreba-gamokleba.
magram rogor SevasruloT igive moqmedebebi uaryofiT ricxvebze?
ganvixiloT aseTi TamaSi:
moswavles yoveli sworad gacemuli pasuxisTvis ewereba (emateba)
(+3) qula, xolo yoveli araswori pasuxisTvis ki – 2 sajarimo
(2 qula akldeba), anu (–2) qula.
vTqvaT, TiToeul moTamaSes ukve aqvs (–2) qula. momdevno SekiTx-
vaze ki pirveli moTamaSe swor pasuxs, xolo meore mcdar pasuxs
iZleva, ris Sedegadac pirveli moTamaSe daagrovebs (–2)+(+3)=1
qulas, xolo meore — (–2)+(–2)=–4 qulas (nax. 1 da 2).
+3 -2
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
(–2)+(+3)=1 –2+(–2)=–4
nax. 1. nax. 2.
vipovoT jami:
1. –2 + 2
! I. ricxviT RerZze movniSnoT (–2)-is Sesabamisi wertili.
mopirdapire II. miRebuli wertilidan 2
ricxvebis jami marjvniv gadavz omoT 2
0-is tolia.
erTeuli (isari mivmarToT
a+(–a)=0 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
marjvniv 2 erTeuliT).
miviRebT O wertils. –2 + 2 = 0
2. (–4) + (–3)
I. ricxviT RerZze movniSnoT (–4)-is Sesabamisi wertili.
II. miRebuli wertilidan marcxniv gadavzomoT 3 erTeuli (isari
mivmarToT marcxniv 3 erTeuliT).
-3
–4 + (–3) = –7
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
miviRebT 0-is marcxniv 4+3=7 erTeuliT daSorebul wertils
128
-7
3. 5 + (–7)
I. ricxviT RerZze movniSnoT wertili koordinatiT 5.
II. miRebuli wertilidan isari mivmarToT marcxniv 7 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
erTeuliT. 5+(–7) = –2
miviRebT 0-is marcxniv 7–5=2 erTeuliT daSorebul wertils.
1. gamoiyeneT ricxviTi RerZi da SekribeT ricxvebi:

a) 3+(–8) da –(8–3); b) –4+(–3) da –(4+3); g) –4+2 da –(4–2).
2. SeecadeT, CamoayaliboT erTnairniSniani da sxvadasxva

niSniani mTeli ricxvebis Sekrebis wesi.
Tu sworad gaiazreT mocemuli davaleba, maSin gavavrceloT

mTeli ricxvebis Sekrebis wesi racionalur ricxvebze:
a) 2+(–2,5)=–(2,5–2)=–0,5; b) –3,7+(–2,1)=–(3,7+2,1)=–5,8
aCveneT, rom nebismieri a ricxvisaTvis sruldeba:
a+0=a.
uaryofiTi ricxvebi rom SevkriboT, saWiroa SevkriboT maTi
dadebiTi mTeli
modulebi da miRebuli ricxvis win davweroT `–~ niSani.
ricxvi naturaluri
sxvadasxvaniSniani ricxvebi rom SevkriboT, saWiroa: ricxvia!
1. vipovoT maTi modulebi.
2. miRebuli ricxvebidan met ricxvs gamovakloT naklebi.
3. miRebul sxvaobas davuweroT meti modulis mqone ricxvis
niSani.
3 moifiqreT racionaluri (sxvadasxvaniSniani da uaryofiTi)

ricxvebis Sekrebis sami magaliTi da SeamowmeT sruldeba Tu
ara am SemTxvevaSi jamis gadanacvlebadobisa da jufTebadobis
kanonebi?
SesaZlebelia Tu ara gamovitanoT daskvna, rom es kanonebi a+b=b+a
samarTliania nebismieri racionaluri a, b, c ricxvebisTvis? (a+b)+c=a+(b+c)
paragrafis dasawyisSi mocemuli TamaSi SesaZloa asec gaviazroT:

pirvel moTamaSes aqvs (–2) qula da man momdevno SekiTxvas upasuxa,
rac niSnavs, rom mis sajarimo qulebs moaklda 3 sajarimo qula,
anu gamoaklda (–3) qula.
pirvel moTamaSes eqneba –2–(–3) qula.
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT adre Catarebul msjelobas, miviRebT:
–2 – (–3) = –2 + 3 = 1 (1)
meore moTamaSis pasuxi ki momdevno SekiTxvaze mcdari iyo. rac imas
niSnavs, rom mis qulebs daaklda 2 qula. e.i. misi qula iqneba: –2–2,
rac adre Catarebul msjelobiT igivea, rac –2+(–2).
e.i. –2 – 2 = –2 + (–2) = –4 (2)
129
III Tavi
sazogadod, vTqvaT, moTamaSis sawyisi qula iyo a, xolo momdevno
SekiTxvaze miRebuli sajarimo qula b, maSin (1) da (2) tolobebidan
miviRebT:
a – b = a + (–b).
erT ricxvs rom meore gamovakloT, saWiroa saklebs
mivumatoT maklebis mopirdapire ricxvi
a–b=a+(–b)
advili sanaxavia, rom a–0=a.
a
b 1. ricxviT RerZze moniSneT:
0 b a a) A(5) da B(–2);
-b a b) A(–2) da B(–5) wertilebi da ipoveT AB monakveTis
sigrZe.
b 0 a
-b 2. daasabuTeT, rom A(a) da B(b) wertilebs Soris manZili
-a tolia:
b a AB = |a–b|.
0
2. racionaluri ricxvebis gamravleba-gayofa
1. mocemul piktogramaSi (nax. 1) naCvenebia

2008 w. S S S samSen eblo firmis mier xuTi wlis ganmav-
2009 w. SS lobaSi miRebuli mogeba da wageba dolarebSi.
2010 w. S rogori iyo firmis Semosavali 1998 w., 1999 w-s?
2011 w. SS
amoxsna:
2012 w. SSS
S = –500$ S = 500$ cxrilSi naCvenebia, rom S= –500$, amitom 1998
wels firmis Semosavali 3·(–500)$-is toli
iqneba. 3·(–500) aris mokle Canaweri (–500)+(–
500)+(–500) jamisa, e.i. 3·(–500)=–1500.
nax. 1 1998 wels firmis wageba 1500$ yofila.
1999 wels firmis Semosavali iqneba: (–500)·2=–
500+(–500)=–1000.
e.i. 1999 wels firmis wageba 1000$-s Seadgenda.
1. kidev ra informaciis miRebaa SesaZlebeli mocemuli pikto-

gramidan? dasviT gonivruli SekiTxvebi da gaeciT Sesabamisi
pasuxebi.
2. gamoTvaleT: a) 5·(–3) da –3·5; b) 4·(–6) da –6·4; g) 7·(–8) da –8·7.
daakvirdiT ganxilul magaliTSi miRebul Sedegebs da upasuxeT:
a) rogori ricxvi miiReba sxvadasxvaniSniani ricxvebis gamrav-
lebisas?
b) sruldeba Tu ara gamravlebis gadanacvlebadobis kanoni am
SemTxvevaSic?
130
4. moqmedebebi, racionalur ricxvebze
uaryofiTi ricxvis gamravleba 0-ze:

racionaluri ric
viciT, rom 0·0=0, xveb is Sekrebisas
aqedan 0·[2+(–2)]=0 vnaxeT, rom srul-
deba Sekrebis gada
Tu gamoviyenebT gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanons, miviRebT: nacvleb adob isa da
0·2+0·(–2)=0. jufTebadobis kano
nebi. racional uri
radgan 0·2=0, amitom 0·(–2)=0. ricxvebis gamravle
uaryofiTi ricxvebis gamravleba: bac isea ganmarte-
buli, rom srulde-
radgan –2·0=0. gveqneba bodes gamravl ebis
–2·(4+(–4))=0. gadanacvlebadobisa
da jufT ebadob is,
aqedan –2·4+(–2)·(–4)=0 aseve ganrig ebado
–8+(–2)·(–4)=0 bis kanonebi.
e.i. –8 da (–2)·(–4) mopirdapire ricxvebia. maSasadame, (–2)·(–4)=8.

ganxiluli magaliTebis safuZvelze SegviZlia CamovayaliboT
racionaluri ricxvebis gamravlebis wesi:
nebismieri racionaluri a ricxvisaTvis a·0=0·a=0.
ori racionaluri ricxvis gamravlebisas saWiroa gadavam
ravloT maTi modulebi da miRebul namravls davuweroT:
a) „+“ niSani, Tu es ricxvebi erTnairniSnianebia;
b) „–“ uaryofiTi niSani, Tu es ricxvebi sxvadasxvaniS
nianebia.
3. ipoveT: a) 8:(–2); b) –6:3; g) –10:(–2);
· 3 · –4
–2 –6 –2 8
3 : –4 :
a ricxvi gavyoT b
d) daakvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs da SeecadeT CamoayaliboT ori ricxvze niSnavs,
racionaluri ricxvis gayofis wesi. vipovoT iseTi c
ricxvi, rom
a=bc.
magaliTi 1.
gamoTvaleT: a) (–2)·(–3)·(–4)·(–5); b) (–2)·(–3)·(–4)·(–5)·(–6).
amoxsna:
a) (–2)·(–3)·(–4)·(–5)=120; b) (–2)·(–3)·(–4)·(–5)·(–6)=–720.
yuradReba: ramdenime ricxvis gamravlebisas namravlis win iwereba:

a) niSani „+“, Tu uaryofiT TanamamravlTa raodenoba luwia,
b) niSani „–“, Tu uaryofiT TanamamravlTa raodenoba kentia.
131
III Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 ipoveT jami:
a) (–25)+(–35); b) (–27)+25; g) (–35)+35; d) (–31)+35;
e) –0,01+(–0,19); v) –721+18,37; z) –376+(–211,1); T) –0,371+0,369;
5 + `- 1 j 3 3 3 3 4+ 8
i) - ; k) - + `- j ; l) - + ; m) - ;
6 2 4 10 5 5 9 15
1 2 3 11 5 5 7 + 4
n) 3 + `- 8 j ; o) - 12 + `- 4 j ; p) - 2 + `- 2 j ; J) - 6 7 .
4 3 8 12 9 8 12 9
2 ? -is nacvlad CawereT > , < an = -is niSani, ise rom miiRoT swori wina-
dadeba:
a) –12+(–17) ? 0; b) –15,9+(16,3) ? 0,4; g) 175+(–56,5) ? 35;
1 3 1 3
d) +(–1,5) ? 1; e) - + `- 2 j ? (–2); v) - 5 + (- 3, 7) +(–3,7) ? (–9).
2 4 4 8
a) a+2,5, Tu a = –7; b) 2a+(–5,1), Tu a = 3;
2 1 1
g) a+b, Tu a = –1 , b = –7 ; d) 0,5a+b, Tu a = 4, b = –5 .
9 3 8
4 -Si CawereT iseTi ricxvi, rom miiRoT swori ricxviTi toloba:
a) 4+ =–3; b) –3+ =–6; g) +(–7)=5;
d) +(–1000)=1; e) –1+ =100; v) +9999=–1.
5 rogor Seicvleba ricxvi, Tu mas davumatebT:

a) dadebiT ricxvs; b) uaryofiT ricxvs.
6 moswavles sworad amoxsnili amocanisTvis ewereba 3 qula. arasworad

amoxsnili amocanisTvis ki Camoewereba 1 qula. ramden qulas daagrovebs
moswavle, Tu man 5 amocanidan mxolod erTi amocana amoxsna sworad?
7* WeSmaritia Tu ara utoloba a-s nebismieri mniSvnelobisTvis:

a) a+2>a; b) a+(–5)<a; g) 5+a>5; d) –2+a>–2.
8 a) SeiZleba Tu ara ori ricxvis jami naklebi iyos TiToeul Sesakrebze?

b) rogori ricxvebis jami iqneba meti TiToeul Sesakrebze? pasuxi
daasabuTeT.
9* mopirdapire ricxvebis jami 0-is tolia: a+(–a)=0. WeSmaritia Tu ara,
rom a–(–a)>0.
10* moifiqreT iseTi ori ricxvi, romelTa sxvaoba metia saklebze.
11 gamoiangariSeT:
3 7 5- 4 4 - `- 2 j
a) - 8 - 5 ; b) 1 ; g) - .
4 10 6 9 9 3
7 1 1
d) - 6 : 3 ; e) 3 - 5 1 : 8 1 ; 3 1 1
v) - + 1 - 1 - 2 ;
1
8 4 8 5 8 5 4 4 4 4
3 - 2, 85 + 6 5 - 2 2 .
z) –23,8+(–12,4); T) 135,3–234,7; i) 13 - 18
20 6 3
132
12* daakvirdiT mocemul ricxvTa mwkrivs, ipoveT kanonzomiereba !

da gaagrZeleT igi sami ricxviT: Tu ukveci wiladis
a) 20, 14, 8, 2, ? , ? , ? ; b) 7, 5, 2, –2, ? , ? , ? ; mniSvneli Seicavs 2-isa
da 5-isagan gans xva
g) –18, –13, –8, –3, ? , ? , ? ; d) –11, –7, –3, 1, ? , ? , ? .
vebul martiv mamrav-
ls, maSin es wiladi
13 ricxviT RerZze ipoveT AB monakveTis sigrZe, Tu:
ar gadaiqceva sasrul
a) A(–4) da B(–11); b) A(6) da B(–4); aTwiladad.
g) A(–9,1) da B(–7,5); d) A(–0,01) da B(5,1).
14 SeadareT a –2ab+b da a–b gamosaxulebebis mniSvnelobebi, Tu

2 2
a–b
a) a=–13 b=12; b) a=–3,5 b=–2,5.
15 SeavseT cxrili:
x –2 –1 0 1 2 4 5
3x–1
–3x+1
daukvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs. rogori ricxvebia 3x–1 da
–3x+1 x-is erTi da igive mniSvnelobebisTvis?

1
a) ax–3y, Tu a=10; x=–5; y=– 3 ;
1
b) ax+bx+c, Tu a= 2 ; x=2; b=–3; c=5,8.
17 SeavseT „niSanTa gamravlebisa da gayofis“ cxrili:
a ricxvis niSani b ricxvis niSani a·b da a:b ricxvis niSani

+ +
+ –
+ –
+ –
– +
– –
– +
– –
18 ipoveT: a) (–2)4; b) (–2)5; g) (–3)3; d) (–5)4; e) (–2)6;

v) daakvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs da gamoitaneT gonivruli
daskvna; z) daasruleT winadadeba: 1) uaryofiTi ricxvis luwi
xarisxi ? ,
2) uaryofiTi ricxvis kenti xarisxi ? .
19 gamoTvaleT: a) –5·1; b) –27·1; g) –35·1;

d) –32:1; e) –35:1; v) 38:(–1); z) 77:(–1);
T) 41:(–41); i) –57:(–57); k) 31·(–1); l) 18·(–1);
m) 0:5; n) 0:(–7); o) 0:(–21); p) (–31)·(–1).
daakvirdiT ganxilul magaliTebs, gamoitaneT gonivruli
daskvna da CawereT miRebuli Sedegebi formulebiT.
133
III Tavi
20 gamoTvaleT:
a) (–9)·(–7); b) 13·(–12); g) –35·1; d) 5,6·(–0,1);
1 2 3 15
e) - $ `- j ; v) - 4 $ ; z) 6,1·(–7,8); T) –2,6· ;
2 3 16 26
2 5 3 3 1 1 5 1
i) `- 8 j $ `- 2 j ; k) `- 2 j $ 1 ; l) 1 $ `- 1 j ; m) 7 $ `- 9 j .
21 17 7 4 2 4 11 6
21 gamoTvaleT:
! a) (–5)4; b) (–6)3; g) (–0,3)3; d) (–0,2)6.
(–2) 4 = 16 22 gamoTvaleT:

–24 = –16 a) (–3)·(–6)·(–5); b) (–8)·(–3)·7; g) (–3)·4·5;
(–2)4 ≠ –24. d) (–0,4)·5·(–0,1); e) 1,5·(–0,2)·(–1,2)·(–5); v) (–0,1)·(–0,5)·(–100)(–1).
23 gamoiangariSeT:
1 99 ``- 33 34 jj 88
- 34 1
a) (4):`- j ; b) :: - jj ; g) ``- ::11 ; d) –4,25:- 4, 25: `- j ;
2 20
20 44 45 99
45 5
e) 5:(–0,2); -22 55 jj::1111
v) ``-
11 -11 22 jj::``-
; z) ``- - 55 jj ; T) (–85,2):(–1,2).
99 12 12 33 18
18
24* xoWo ricxviT RerZze A(–1) wertilSi dasves. mas wuTSi SeuZlia 2
erTeuli gaiaros. xoWom moZraoba marcxniv daiwyo da imoZrava 4 wT.
Semdeg igi marjvniv moZraobda 8 wT-is ganmavlobaSi. Semdeg ki isev
marcxniv – 10 wT. romel wertilSia axla xoWo?

a) (2,3–3,2) · (5,4–4,5) : (–32); b) (–1,9)·(–4)2:3,8;
g) `10 - 4 2 - 8, 5j:`- 4 2 + 5 5 j ; d) `- 3 1 j: 1 1 $ 7 ;
3 9 18 9 27 15
e) ((–0,5):1,25+1,4:(–3,5)–(–0,3))·2,2; v) ((–0,2)3+(–0,1)3):(–0,03);
z) ((–2,75)–0,15–1,32):((–1,75)+2,5+0,05).
26 ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba (gamoTvaleT rac SeiZleba

martivad):
a) (3,8)·(–0,25)·(–4); b) (–2) · (–4,8) · (–0,25);
7 8 9 3 1
g) `- j`- 7 j`- j ; d) ·(–0,125)·271,3·(–8)`- 3 j ;
9 17 7 10 3
5
e) (–1)295; v)(–1)378; z) (–1) ·37 (–24,5)·0.
59
9
g 27 ramdeni mTeli ricxvia: a) –24-sa da 12-s Soris?

b) –1,3-sa da 12,5-s Soris? g) (–5;15) (7;20) – SualedSi?
28* dawereT umciresi xuTniSna uaryofiTi mTeli ricxvi, romelSic ci-

frebi ar meordeba.
29 giorgim 3 saaTi 4 km/sT siCqariT imoZrava Semdegi 2 saaTi ki

3 km/sT siCqariT. ra saSualo siCqariT moZraobda giorgi mTel gzaze?
30 CawereT wreebSi ricxvebi ise, rom yvela ricxvi iyos mis qvemoT mo-
Tavsebul or wreSi Cawerili ricxvebis umciresi saerTo jeradi:
134
a) b)
12 20 35 21
2 3 3 5
31* Wadrakis turnirSi monawileobs 7 moswavle. cnobilia, rom yoveli

ori moswavle erTmaneTs eTamaSeba araumetes erTxel. nikam iTamaSa
6 partia, iraklim - 5, giorgim - 3, dimam - 3, givim - 2, gagam - 2, vaxom - 1.
a) romel monawiles eTamaSa vaxo?
b) romel monawiles eTamaSa givi?
g) romel monawiles eTamaSa dima?
32 SeadareT ricxvebi:
1 1
a) da 0,3; b) –1,2233 da –1,2199; g) - da –0,16.
3 6
33 aCveneT, rom Tu ori mTeli ricxvis jami da erT-erTi Sesakrebi iyofa
c ricxvze, maSin meore Sesakrebic gaiyofa c ricxvze. ganixileT:
a) c=4; b) c=7; g) c=13.
34 ratom ar arsebobs ricxvi, romlis 15-ze gayofisas naSTia 6, xolo
24-ze gayofisas naSTia 4?
35 mudmivi siCqariT moZravma avtomobilma raRac droSi gaiara 80 km. ra
manZils gaivlis igi
a) 2-jer met droSi Tu siCqares 3-jer gaadidebs;
b) 3-jer met droSi, Tu siCqares 2-jer gaadidebs?
1
36 ramdeni cifri iqneba mZimis Semdeg, ricxvis, aTwiladad
1024000
gadaqcevis SemTxvevaSi?
37 ori moswavle erTad gamovida erTi saxlidan da gaemarTa skolisken.
pirveli moswavlis nabijis sigrZe 20%-iT mokle, vidre meoresi.
samagierod, erTsa da imave droSi, is 20%-iT met nabijs dgams. romeli
ufro adre miva skolaSi?
17 wigni 12 laridan 9 laramde gaiafda.
a) ramdeni procentiT gaiafda wigni?
b) ramdeni procentiT Zviri Rirda wigni gaiafebamde?
18 romeliRac ricxvis 42-ze gayofisas naSTSi darCa 27. ra darCeba
naSTSi, Tu am ricxvs gavyofT 21-ze?
19 erTi ricxvi 2-jer metia meoreze da erTiT naklebia mesameze. ipoveT
mesame ricxvi, Tu am ricxvebis saSualo ariTmetikuli 12-is tolia.
20 ZaRli 9 wm–Si 8 naxtoms akeTebs, kata 10 wm–Si imave sigrZis 9 naxtoms.
romeli ufro swrafia?
22 luwia Tu kenti ori naturaluri ricxvis namravli, Tu maTi jami
kentia?
135
III Tavi
1
1 5- 2 =
4
3 3 1 1
a) 3 ; b) 2 ; g) 2 ; d) 3 .
4 4 4 4
2 0,18·0,02 =
a) 0,36; b) 0,0036; g) 3,6; d) 0,00036.
3 CasviT ? -is nacvlad >, < an = ise, rom miiRoT swori winadadeba:
a) –5 ? 0; b) (–2) ? (–7); g) 5 ? (–3); d) |–4| ? |4|.
4 moniSneT ricxviT RerZze wertilebi koordinatebiT:

3
7,5; –6,2; - 5 ; 4; 0; –2; 2.
4
5 dawereT swori pasuxi:

a) –1 + 1 = ; b) 7 + (–8) = ; g) –8 + (–2) = ; d) –8 + 9 = ;
e) –12 + 5 = ; v) 7 + (–7) = ; z) –15 + (–12) = ; T) –5 + (–5) = .
6 ramdeni gradusiT daiwia (aiwia) temperaturam, Tu Termometris Cveneba

Seicvala:
a) 0°C-dan 10°C-mde; b) 5°C-dan –3°C-mde;
g) –4°C-dan –7°C-mde; d) 8°C-dan –2°C-mde.
7 WeSmaritia Tu mcdari Semdegi winadadeba nebismieri a da b racionaluri

ricxvebisaTvis:
a) |a+b|=|a|+|b|; b) |a+b|<|a|+|b|; g) |a+b|>|a|–|b|; b) |a+b|<|a|+|b|?
8 –3–(–8)+1:2=
21 11 23
a) –9; b) - ; g) ; d) - .
4 2 2
9 dawereT swori pasuxi:

a) –5–(–5)= ; b) 3–(–8)= ; g) 1–7= ; d) –7–9= .
10 ori racionaluri ricxvis jami uaryofiTi ricxvia, maSin aucile-

blad:
a) orive ricxvi uaryofiTia; b) orive sxvadasxva niSniania;
g) erT-erTi 0-is tolia; d) arc erTi pasuxi swori ar aris.
11 A 1 5 , maSin A + B + C = ? .
A B C
C 9 9
a) 7; b) 12; g) 14; d) 20.
136
12 ∠AOB=120°, xolo ∠AOC=30°. daxazeT AOB da AOC kuTxeebi da daS-
trixeT maTi wertilTa simravleebis:
a) TanakveTa, b) gaerTianeba.
13 mkvdari zRvis zedapiri zRvis donidan –390 m-zea. fskeris yvelaze

Rrma adgili ki –750 m-ze, maSin manZili mkvdari zRvis zedapiridan
fskeramde iqneba:
a) –410 m; b) –1190; g) 1190 m; d) 360 m.

14 4 qaTami 4 kvercxs 2 dReSi debs. ramden kvercxs dadebs 4 qaTami 6
dReSi?
15 4 qaTami 4 kvercxs 2 dReSi debs. ramden dReSi dadebs 12 qaTami 12

kvercxs?
16 cnobilia, rom 2-ze meti yvela martivi ricxvi kentia. CamoTvlili

winadadebebidan romelia WeSmariti:
a) Tu naturaluri ricxvi kentia, maSin is martivia.
b) Tu 2-ze meti naturaluri ricxvi ar aris kenti, maSin is ar iqneba
martivi.
g) Tu ricxvi kenti araa, maSin is martivi ricxvi ar aris.
d) Tu ricxvi kentia, maSin is ar aris martivi.
a = b a + 2b
17 cnobilia, rom ipoveT gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba.
3 4 a-b
18 studenti oTx testSi Rebulobs, Sesabamisad, 91, 88, 86 da 78 qulAAas.
ramdeni qula unda miiRos man mexuTe testSi, rom saSualo Sefaseba
iyos 85 qula?
19 lukas da katos dedam gasaberi burTebi moutana da maTi asakebis

ukuproporciulad gauyo. kato 2 wlisaa, luka 5-is. ramdeni burTi
moutana dedam, Tu lukas 8 cali burTi Sexvda.
20 ramdeni bavSvia ojaxSi, Tu mamam Svilebs 40 rveuli da 15 kalami

Tanabrad gaunawila?
137
III Tavi
5. gamravlebis ganrigebadobis
kanoni, frCxilebis gaxsna
SeamowmeT WeSmaritia Tu ara Semdegi tolobebi:
a) 5(12–3)=5·12–5·3; b) –7(2–5)=–7·2–7·(–5);
g) 2(–5+7)=2·(–5)+2·7; d) 4(7–10)=4·7–4·10.
ganxiluli magaliTebis saSualebiT albaT darwmundiT, rom

gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanoni marTebulia maSinac, roca
Sesakrebebi an Tanamamravlebi uaryofiTi ricxvebia.
e.i. nebismieri a, b da c racionaluri ricxvebisTvis sruldeba:
magaliTi 1.
2–5+3–7-s uwodeben
gamosaxuleba warmoadgineT jamis saxiT (gaxseniT frCxilebi):
2-is –5-is, 3-isa da a) 5(–3a–5); b) –2(2a–7); g) 7a+(5a–7); d) –1(5a–7).
– 7 -is algebrul
jams. amoxsna:
a) 5(–3a – 5) = 5(–3a) + 5·(–5) = –15a – 25;
b) –2(2a – 7) = –2·2a – 2·(–7) = –4a + 14;
g) 7a + (5a – 7) = 7a + 5a – 7 = 12a – 7;
d) –1(5a–7) = –1·5a–1·(–7) = –5a + 7.
SeniSvna: frCxilebis win Tanamamravl (–1)-is nacvlad weren

mxolod „–“ niSans. e.i. –1(5a–7) gamosaxuleba Caiwereba ase: –(5a–7).
amrigad,
Tu frCxilebis win dgas niSani “+”, maSin es niSani da frCxilebi

SegviZlia ar davweroT (frCxilebSi moTavsebuli yoveli wevri
daiwereba imave niSniT).
Tu frCxilebis win dgas niSani “–”, maSin es niSani da frCxilebi
SegviZlia ar davweroT, magram frCxilebSi moTavsebuli Ti
Toeuli Sesakrebis niSani Seicvleba mopirdapireTi.
a+(b+c)=a+b+c a–(b+c)=a–b–c
a+(b–c)=a+b–c a–(b–c)=a–b+c
a+(–b+c)=a–b+c a–(–b+c)=a+b–c
a+(–b–c)=a–b–c a–(–b–c)=a+b+c
138
savarjiSoebi:
1 gaxseniT frCxilebi:
a) –5(5–7x); b) –(3a+1); g) –2(–1–7a);
d) 5,1(–0,7+3x); e) –2(3x–2y–1); v) –(5a–7b–3).
2 gamoiyeneT gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanoni da gamoTvaleT

rac SeiZleba martivi xerxiT.
a) –37,3·71+37,3·(–29); b) 51,3·(–18)+18·21,3.
3 gamoTvaleT namravli mocemuli nimuSis mixedviT:

8(–57) = 8(–60 + 3) = –480 + 24 = –456.
a) –18·62; b) –18·58; g) 23·(–99); d) 35(–78).
a) –7+(5,1–2m); b) 8,4+(2k–3,7); g) x–(x–n);
d) 8,2–(5,1–a); e) (8,1–x)–5,4; v) –(a–b)+a;
z) y–(y+5,7); T) –b–2(a–2b); i) 5y+3(–2y–1).
5 dawereT mocemuli ori gamosaxulebis jami da gaamartiveT:

a) –7–x da x+1; b) y+2,7 da 5,1–y; g) x–y da y–x.
6 dawereT mocemuli ori gamosaxulebis sxvaoba da gaamartiveT:

a) a da –a; b) a–2 da 5–a; g) a+b da b+a;
d) x–7,1 da 2x–1; e) a–2b da a–b; v) x–3 da 3–x.
7 gaamartiveT gamosaxuleba da ipoveT misi mniSvneloba, Tu a = –2.

a) 2(a–4)–3(5–2a); b) 5(2a+1)–a+5; g) –2,5(3–a)+5(a–7);
d) –4(1–2a)–3(a+1); e) –5(a+3)–(a–3)+1; v) 3,1(2–2a)–4(3,2–2a).
8 gaxseniT frCxilebi da SeaerTeT msgavsi wevrebi
a) 5(x+3)–8(2x–1); b) (4x+2,5)(–2) –(2x–1)(–3,2);
2 1 2 2 2
g) 3 a–1 a; d) 1 (b– )+ b.
5 4 3 3 3
9 SesaZlebelia Tu ara, rom 5x 2+7x+21=0 gantolebas hqondes g

dadebiTi fesvi? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
10* romelia meti?

a) a Tu 2a; b) a+3 Tu a; g) a Tu –2a; d) 5 Tu 5+a.
pasuxi axseniT. moiyvaneT Sesabamisi magaliTebi.
11 12 muSa garkveul samuSaos 9 saaTSi asrulebs. ramden saaTSi

2
Seasrulebs 9 muSa imave samuSaos nawils?
3
12. Tu pqr=1, rst=0 da spr=0, romeli ricxvia 0–is toli:
a) p b) q g) r d) s e) t
139
III Tavi
6. gantoleba,
gantolebis amoxsna
1. natom 4 puri da 3 naWeri namcxvari iyida. man sul 4 l da 40 Te-

Tri gadaixada. ra Rirs erTi puri, Tu erTi naWeri namcxvari 80
TeTri Rirs.
amoxsna:
sami naWeri namcxvari 3·80=240 (TeTri) eRireba da Tu erTi puris
Rirebulebas x-iT aRvniSnavT, maSin 4 puri eRireba 4x TeTri.
amocanis pirobis Tanaxmad natom sul 4 lari da 40 TeTri, anu 440
TeTri gadaixada. miviRebT gantolebas:
4x+240=440 (1)
4x=440–240
4x=200
x=200:4
x=50.
e.i. erTi puri 50 TeTri Rirs.
?  ra Tvisebebi gamoviyeneT (1) gantolebis amosaxsnelad?
tolobas, romelic cvlads (an cvladebs) Seicavs,

gantoleba ewodeba.
Tu gantoleba erT cvlads Seicavs, mas erTucnobiani (erTcv-

ladiani) gantoleba ewodeba, Tu or cvlads _ orucnobiani (or-
cvladiani) da a. S.
Cveni mizania SeviswavloT erTi cvladis Semcveli gantolebebi.
cvladis im mniSvnelobas, romlisTvisac gantoleba

WeSmarit ricxviT tolobad iqceva, am gantolebis fesvi
(amonaxseni) ewodeba.
magaliTad, x = 5 0 (1) gantolebis amonaxsenia. da, marTlac,

4·50+240=440 WeSmariti tolobaa.
gantolebis yvela amonaxsenisgan Sedgenil simravles gantolebis
amonaxsenTa simravle ewodeba. SevTanxmdeT, gantolebis
amonaxsenTa simravle A asoTi aRvniSnoT. e.i. (1) gantolebis
amonaxsenTa simravlea A={50}.
x2+3x=0 gantolebisTvis A={0; –3}, rac SesaZloa asec Caiweros:
x∈{0;–3}.
marTlac, 02+3·0=0 da (–3)2+3·(–3)=0.
140
mocemulia: 1) 2x–5=2x; 2) x 2 +3=–5; 3) 2(x–5)=2x–10;
4) 4x+8x+1=12x+1 gantolebebi. eqnebaT Tu ara mocemul ganto
lebebs amonaxseni? uaryofiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi pasuxi
axseniT. dadebiTi pasuxis SemTxvevaSi ki SeecadeT ipovoT:
a) x-is erTi mainc mniSvneloba, romelic daakmayofilebs
mocemul gantolebas.
b) mocemuli gantolebis amonaxsenTa simravle.
ifiqreT, imsjeleT da gamoitaneT gonivruli daskvna: rogori
simravle (ramden elementiani) SeiZleba iyos gantolebis amo
naxsenTa simravle?
amovxsnaT gantoleba niSnavs _ vipovoT misi yvela amo

naxseni an davamtkicoT, rom gantolebas amonaxseni ara aqvs.
x–2=0 da 3x–6=0 ori sxvadasxva gantolebaa, magram maT erTi da igive

amonaxseni aqvs: x=2, A={2}. aseve (x–3)(x+3)=0 da x2–9=0 gantolebebsac
erTi da igive fesvebi x=3 da x=–3 gaaCnia (SeamowmeT Tavad!).
maTi amonaxsenTa simravlea A={3;–3}.
xolo, x2+3=0 da x–3=x gantolebebis amonaxsenTa simravle carieli
simravlea – A=∅.
gantolebebs, romelTa amonaxsnebis simravleebi erTma

neTis tolia, tolfasi gantolebebi ewodebaT.
gantolebis amoxsnis procesSi saWiroa mocemuli gantoleba

SevcvaloT masze martivi, magram misi tolfasi gantolebiT,
risTvisac vsargeblobT Semdegi TvisebebiT:
1. Tu gantolebis orive mxares davumatebT erTsa da imave ricxvs,

miviRebT mocemuli gantolebis tolfas gantolebas.
2. Tu gantolebis orive mxares gavamravlebT an gavyofT nulis
aratol erTsa da imave ricxvze, miviRebT mocemuli gantolebis
tolfas gantolebas.
e. i. 2x=3x–1 da 2x–3x=–1 an 10x=5x+15 da 2x=x+3 gantolebebi tolfasi
gantolebebia, rac SeiZleba mokled ase CavweroT:
(2x=3x–1) ⇔ (2x–3x=–1) an (10x=5x+15) ⇔ (2x=x+3), sadac `⇔~ simbolo
aRniSnavs sityva `tolfass~.
yuradReba: tolfasi gantolebis misaRebad gantolebis

orive mxare SeiZleba gamravldes an gaiyos nulis aratol ricx-
vze, magram ara cvladian gamosaxulebaze, romelic cvladis
romelime mniSvnelobisaTvis nulis toli xdeba.1)
1)
am sakiTxs ufro dawvrilebiT momdevno klasSi ganvixilavT. 141
III Tavi
magaliTad, Tu x(x–2)=x–2 (1) gantolebis orive mxares gavyofT
(x–2)-ze, miviRebT x=1 (2) gantolebas. (1) gantolebis amonaxsnebis
simravlea A={2;1} xolo (2)-is amonaxsnebis simravle ki _ A={1}. e.i.
(x–2) gamosaxulebaze (1) gantolebis gayofis Sedegad mocemuli
gantolebis tolfasi gantoleba ver miviReT.
5=5 a=b 5=5 a=b 6=6 a=b

5+4=5+4 a+c=b+c, c∈Q 5·2=5·2 a·c=b·c, c≠0 c∈Q. 6 6 a = b
=
2 2 c c
, c≠0,c∈Q
amovxsnaT 1-el amocanaSi miRebuli gantoleba:

gamoviyenoT 1-li Tviseba.
4x–8=2x+2 tolobis orive nawils davumatoT 8 : 4x –8+8= 2x +2+8.
vxedavT, rom Sesakrebi (–8) gantolebis marcxena nawilidan
4x=2x+2+8 TiTqosda marjvenaSi gadavida mopirdapire niSniT.
4x=2x+10 tolobis orive nawils gamovakloT 2x : 4x–2x=2x+10–2x.

Sesakrebi 2x gantolebis marjvena nawilidan TiTqosda
4x–2x=10 marcxenaSi gadavida mopirdapire niSniT.
2x=10 gantolebis orive mxare gavyoT 2-ze (me-2 Tviseba).

2x = 10
2 2
x=5 e.i. gogonebs CaufiqrebiaT ricxvi 5.
ganxiluli magaliTis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia gamovitanoT
mniSvnelovani daskvna:
gantolebis erTi nawilidan Sesakrebi SesaZlebelia
gadavitanoT meore mxares mopirdapire niSniT.
imetyvele sworad!
3
(2x + 3 = 0) ⇔ gantolebis amonaxsenia x =- .
2
⇔ x =-
3
2
gantolebis amonaxsenTa simravlea A = − { 32} .

1. gantolebis erTi nawilidan meoreSi SegviZlia gadavitanoT
Sesakrebi 1 ? niSniT.
2. gantolebebs, romelTa amonaxsenTa simravleebi tolia, ?
gantolebebi ewodebaT.
3. Tu gantolebis orive nawils davumatebT ? ricxvs miviRebT,
mocemulis ? gantolebas.
4. Tu gantolebis orive nawils gavamravleT an ? erTsa da imave 1
? ricxvze, miviRebT mocemulis tolfas gantolebas.
142
7. gantoleba, gantolebis amoxsna
savarjiSoebi:
1 daadgineT 2; 5; 0; 8; 1 ricxvebidan, romelia gantolebis fesvi.
a) 3x2–5x=2; b) x2(x2+2)=0; g) 5(x–2)+3x=40.
2 aris Tu ara x(2x–9)=18 gantolebis fesvi: a) 0; b) 2; g) 3; d) 6.
3 daasabuTeT, rom (x–3)(x+3)(x– 1 )=0 gantolebis fesvebia –3, 1 da 3 ricxvebi.

2 2
4 aCveneT, rom gantolebas amonaxseni ara aqvs:
a) 4x+8x = 12x+1; g) 4x+5 = 2(x–1)+2x;
b) x–5 = 2x+3–(x–2); d) 5–(3x+1) = –3(x–7).
5 aCveneT, rom gantolebas akmayofilebs cvladis nebismieri mniSvneloba:

a) 3–(2x–1) = –2(x–2); b) 5x–(7x+1) = –(x–1)–x–2.
6 tolfasia Tu ara Semdegi gantolebebi?
a)2(x–4)+1=5 da x–4=2, b) 15(x+2)–30=12x da x+1=1,
g) 2x+5=2(x+1)+11 da x–7=2 d) 6y+5=8y–1 da y–3=2.
7 gantolebis saxiT CawereT: a) 2x-isa da 42-is sxvaoba tolia 5-is;

b) 3x-is da 5-is jami 12-iT metia 34-ze;
g) y-isa da 7-is sxvaoba 11-iT naklebia x-isa da 2-is jamze;
d) y-isa da 2-is sxvaoba 5-iT metia 2x-isa da 3-is Sefardebaze.
8 ipoveT a, Tu ax+7=4x–1 gantolebis amonaxsnia x=–2.
9 amoxseniT gantoleba: 3(2(x+1)+2)+3=45.
10 aqvs Tu ara Semdeg gantolebas amonaxseni da Tu aqvs ramdeni:
a) |x|=7; b) |x|=0; g) |x|=–2,3; d) |x|=4,6.
11 SecvaleT 0,2x=–7 gantoleba misi tolfasi mTelkoeficientebiani ganto

lebiT.
12 dawereT gantolebis amonaxsenTa simravle:

a) 5(x–7)=3(x–4)–13; b) 4(x–3)=–5(x+6)+16;
g) 2(2b–3)+3b=22–7b; d) 3(2x+7)+4=5(x–3);
e) 0,8(2x+3)–1,2(3x–4)=0,6; v) 2,3(5–3y)–7,6(2–y)=–1,46.
x+1 2 2x - 1 7 1-y 6x - 3 3
a) x - 1 = 3 ; b) 3x + 2 = 8 ; g) y - 3 = 3 ; d) 8x - 4 = 5 .
14* moisazreT:
a) Tu |x|=5, maSin x = ? an x = ? .
b) Tu |x–2|=5, maSin x–2 = ? an x–2 = ? .
a) |x|=1; b) |x|=0; g) |x|=–2;
d) |x–5|=0; e) |x–7|=2; v) |x–5|=–1.
16* ipoveT, ra ricxvia gantolebaSi aRniSnuli a asoTi, Tu cnobilia, rom

gantolebis amonaxsenia 2, xolo ucnobi aRniSnulia x asoTi:
a) x + 5 = a; b) 2x – 7a = –3; g) ax + 3 = 5. 143
III Tavi
17 mocemulia 3x+3,5=2,5 da y=2x+1. gamoTvaleT 7x–4y.
18 a-s ra mniSvnelobebisTvis aris 8b–27 gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobebi

toli: a) 5; b) 0; g) 1,8; d) –2,4.
19 cvladis ra mniSvnelobebisTvis aris:

a) 2m–13 da m+3 toli gamosaxulebebi;
b) 3–5c gamosaxuleba 1-iT naklebia 1–c-ze;
g) 2x+1 gamosaxuleba 20-iT meti 8x+5-ze;
d) 9–y gamosaxuleba 2-jer metia y-ze.
1 2 1 1
a) 3 x+2( 3 x– 6 )=–1 6 ; b) 0,4(3x–0,5)=1,5x+0,2(x+1);
3 2 4
g) 5 (2x+ 3 )– 5 x=2; d) 0,3(6x+1,5)=2,7x–0,6(x–2).
2x–7 5x+4 3x+5 x 2

21 a) 3 = 5 ; b) 15 – 3 = 9 ;
3y+8 1–4y 4y 5y+4 5
g) 6 = 7 ; d) 3 – 12 =–2 8 .
22 amoxseniT:
a) |x|=3; b) |2x|=8; g) |x–1|=0; d) |2x+3|=–3.
e) |3x–2|=4; v) |5–3x|=17; z) 10–|2x+5|=8; T) 1+|1–4x|=9.
a) x+|x|=6; b) x+|x|+4=0; g) x–|x|=5; d) |x|–8=x.
23 amoxseniT gantoleba 7x–18=64. moigoneT amocana, romlis amosaxsnelad

mocemuli gantoleba gamodgeba.
24 produqciis fasi 5-jer gaizarda. ramdeni procentiT unda daiklos
fasma, rom igi daubrundes Zvel fass?
g 1
25 meanabrem bankidan gamoitana Tavisi Tanxis nawili, ris Semdegac
5
mas bankSi 100 l darCa. ramdeni lari hqonda meanabres bankSi?
26 mocemuli rva ricxvis saSualo ariTmetikulia 60. am ricxvebidan
erT–erTi 130-is tolia. ipoveT danarCeni Svidi ricxvis saSualo
ariTmetikuli.
27 erTmaneTSi Seuries 8 l 20°-iani da 12 l 30°-iani wyali. ipoveT narevis
temperatura.
28 rogori a da b ricxvebisaTvis iqneba WeSmariti:
a) a+b>a–b; b) a+b<a–b; g) a+b=a–b.
29 gamoiangariSeT:
a) –2+ 12 · `- 53 j + `- 10
1 j
·9; b) – 43 : 14 + 10
7 `- 1 j
: 5 ;
g) 8- 2 + 3 :`- 1 j :`- 2 j 8- 4 : (- 8) - 1 - 3 : 83 - 3 1 - 7 B.
4 2 3 5 2 5 10
30 maSinac ki, roca aqlems swyuria, misi masis 60% wyalia. wylis dalevis
Semdeg misi wonaa 800 kg da wyali Seadgens aqlemis masis 80%–s. ras
udris aqlemis wona, maSin, roca mas swyuria?
144
7. wrfivi erTcvladiani
gantolebis amoxsna
1. marTkuTxedis erTi gverdi udris a-s. ipoveT meore

gverdis sigrZe, Tu:
a) marTkuTxedis farTobi s-is tolia; a
b) marTkuTxedis perimetri p-s tolia.
gantolebebs 2x+5=0, 3,7x–2,5=0 an - 8x - 43 = 0 aqvs ax+b=0 saxe. cvladis koeficienti
3 x – 1 = 0,

ax+b=0 saxis gantolebas, sadac x cvladia, xolo a da b
Tavisufali wevri
nebismieri ricxvebi, wrfivi erTcvladiani (erTucnobiani)
gantoleba ewodeba.
a da b-s ax+b=0 gantolebis parametrebs uwodeben.
parametris Semcveli gantolebebi ixsneba iseve, rogorc

gantoleba parametris gareSe. oRond, unda gvaxsovdes, rom gavyoT
a-ze?
0-ze gayofa ar SeiZleba. saWiroa asoiT gamosaxulebaze
gayofisas SevamowmoT, es gayofa SesaZlebelia Tu ara
parametris nebismieri mniSvnelobisaTvis. es sakiTxi
ganvixiloT ufro dawvrilebiT.
rogor amovxsnaT ax+b=0 (1) gantoleba?

(ax+b=0) ⇔ (ax=–b).
radgan ar viciT, ra ricxvis tolia a (a=0, Tu a≠0), amitom ar

SegviZlia gantolebis orive mxare gavyoT a-ze. amrigad, saWiroa
ganvixiloT Semdegi SemTxvevebi:
I. Tu a≠0, maSin (ax= – b) ⇔ : a Tviseba 2.

⇔ `x = - ab j .
e. i. Tu cvladis koeficienti ar udris 0-s, maSin gantolebas aqvs

erTaderTi amonaxseni.
II. Tu a=0, maSin (1) gantoleba miiRebs Semdeg saxes: 0 · x = b .

aqvs Tu ara miRebul gantolebas amonaxseni, damokidebulia b-s
mniSvnelobaze.
IIa SemTxveva: Tu b=0, maSin 0·x=0.
miRebuli gantolebis amonaxseni SeiZleba iyos nebismieri ricxvi:

A=R.
145
III Tavi
IIb SemTxveva: Tu b≠0, maSin gveqneba 0 · x = b .
miRebul gantolebas ar daakmayofilebs cvladis arc erTi
mniSvneloba, e. i. gantolebas amonaxseni ara aqvs: A A = ∅ .
ax=b
a=0 a≠0
b=0 b≠0
b
0·x=0 0·x=b x=
a
x∈R x∈∅
magaliTi 1.
ipoveT gantolebis amonaxsenTa simravle:
a) 3(2x–1)=4x+3; b) 5(3x–2)+4–4x=11x–2.
amoxsna:
a) (3(2x–1)=4x+3) ⇔ (6x–3=4x+3) ⇔ (6x– 4x=3+3) ⇔ (2x=6) ⇔ (x=3).
A={3}.
Semowmeba: x=3 CavsvaT gantolebis jer marcxena, Semdeg marjvena
mxareSi, miviRebT:
marcxena mxare: 3(2·3–1)=3·5=15.
marjvena mxare: 4·3+3=12+3=15.
marTlac, orive mxare erTmaneTs gautolda.
b) (5(3x–2)+4–4x=11x–2) ⇔ (15x–10+4–4x=11x–2) ⇔
⇔ (15x–4x–11x=10–4–2) (0·x=4).
gantolebas amonaxseni ara aqvs: A = ∅ .
magaliTi 2.
amoxseniT gantoleba:
+ -
a) 6x 7 7 - 3 = 5x 8 3 ; b) 7(x+2)–2x=5x+14.
amoxsna:
a) mivceT mocemul gantolebas zemoT ganxiluli gantolebebis
saxe. amisaTvis saWiroa, gantolebis orive mxare (e. i. yvela wevri)
gavamravloT mniSvnelebis (7-is da 8-is) umcires saerTo jeradze,
e. i. 56-ze.
6x + 7 - = 5x - 3
7
3
8
| · 56 ⇔
+ -
⇔ `56 $ 6x 7 7 - 3 $ 56 = 5x 8 3 $ 56j ⇔
⇔ (8(6x+7)–168=7(5x–3)) ⇔ (48x+56–168=35x–21) ⇔
⇔ (48x–35x=168–56–21) ⇔ (13x=91) ⇔ (x=7).
146
8. wrfivi erTcvladiani gantolebis amoxsna
b) (7(x+2)–2x=5x+14) ⇔ (7x+14–2x=5x+14) ⇔
⇔ (7x–2x–5x=14–14) ⇔ (0·x=0) ⇔ x∈R.
magaliTi 3*.
x-is mimarT amoxseniT mx–2m=x gantoleba.
amoxsna:
(mx–2m=x) ⇔ (mx–x=2m) ⇔ (m–1)x=2m.
I SemTxveva: Tu (m–1≠0) ⇔ (m≠1), maSin
(m–1)x=2m : (m–1)
2m
x=
m-1
II SemTxveva: Tu (m–1=0) ⇔ (m=1), maSin 0·x=2·1.
gantolebas amonaxseni ara aqvs. x∈∅.
imetyvele sworad!
(a–2)x+2b+3=0
a da b _ parametrebia
(a–2) _ cvladis koeficienti
(2b+3)_ Tavisufali wevri
savarjiSoebi:
a) –12+2(y+3)=24; b) 4(3x+1)=5x+18;
g) 8x–2(x–1)=6x+8; d) 4(2,5–2z)=(4z–5)(–2).
+ -
a) 5x + 3x 4 2 + 10
1 =5
4
; b) 2b - 12 3 b = - 3 + b ;
g) 12 (4–x)=8–0,5x; d) x–8=(x–6)+8.
3 ipoveT gantolebis amonaxsenTa simravle:

a) 0,6(4+3z)=5(0,7+0,2z)+2,5; b) 14(25a+19)=34a–(15a–29)+18;
g) 2|x|+1=3; d) 4+3|x|=12–4|x|.
4 ipoveT gantolebis amonaxsenTa simravle:
a) x + 1 12 x + 9 = 23 x + 4 + 56 x - 56 x + 15 ;
b) 1 45 y - 2 12 y - 2 = - 2 13 y $ 16 - 15 ;
g) 4 - `- 23 xj = 3`1 - 12 xj ;
d) 53 - 3` 12 - 0, 5zj - z = - 14 ;
+ + +
e) 6 5 z + 5 4 z = 1 - 3 2 z ;
- -
v) x 2 1 - 3x - x 3 2 = 1 16 .
147
III Tavi
a) x(x+3)=x 2+6x–9; b) x(2x–1)+4(x+4)=2(x 2+x+8);
g) (8–y) 2=(y+3) 2; d) 2y(7y–1)=5+7y(2y+4).
a) 2–[–3(5x–11)+7] = –2x–1–(2–4x);
b) 3x+(3x–4):3–(x–1)=2–x–[1–(1–3x)+6x].
7 cvladis ra mniSvnelobisaTvis sruldeba:

a) 6 x – 3 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba 8 -iT naklebia 2 x + 5
gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobaze;
b) 2y+5 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba 3-jer metia 3y–1 gamosaxu
lebis mniSvnelobaze;
g) 2t+1 da 3t–2 gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobebi Sesabamisad 3-is da
5-is proporciulia;
d) 2a+5,5 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba (a–1) gamosaxulebis
mniSvnelobis 53 -ia.
8* amoxseniT gantolebebi x-is mimarT:

a) 2c+x=c+2; b) 2x+3a=1;
g) 3x+4a=5x–7a; d) 2(x+m)=2m+5b.

a) bx=b+1; b) 4d=dx+1;
g) (2–a)x=1; d) (3c+1)x=c–1;
e) (a+1)x–a=3a+5; v) (2b–1)x–5+b=2b–1.

a) 0,75x–0,5a=1; b) 3k– 12 =k–x;
g) 5(x+a)=3x–2,5a; d) 25 x+ 12 b=0,4b;
e) 3ax+5= 13 (6+9ax)+3; v) 4kx+b=2(b+2kx)–b.

a) cx=2c–0,7; b) (c+5)x=7c–1;
g) (2a–5)x+a=1–a; d) 2ax+3x=(2a+3) 2;
e) (5a+1)x–2a–3=3a–2; v) mx–3(x+m)=5;
z) 2k+3(0,5x+k)=3kx; T) kx+7=5–(12–kx).

a) 5x–(a–2ax)=3; b) kx–3(5k–x)=0; g) (2a–5)x+a=1–a;
d) 2ax+3x=(2a+3)2; e) 2k+3(0,5x+k)=3kx; v) kx+7=5–(12–kx).
148
8. wrfivi erTcvladiani gantolebis amoxsna
13* ipoveT m-is mniSvneloba, romlisTvisac gantolebas eqneba:

a) erTi amonaxsni; b) uamravi amonaxsni; g) arcerTi amonaxsni.
(m–2)(m+2)x–5m=10.
14* gamosaxeT tolobaSi Semavali TiToeuli cvladi danarCeni

cvladebis saSualebiT:
a) u–v=a–b; b) ab+5a=1; g) m=2(m+k).
15 velosipedSi jaWvuri gadacemis dros

sruldeba damokidebuleba z 1 n 1 =z 2 n 2 amyoli
(nax. 1).
a)mocemuli tolobidan Tanmimdevro
biT gamosaxeT z1, n1, z2, n2;
wamyvani
b)qvemoT moyvanil cxrilSi SeavseT
carieli ujrebi:
nax. 1
z 1: wamyvanis kbilanebis rao z1 44 42
denoba
n1: wamyvanis mier 1 wT-Si Ses
rulebuli brunvaTa ricxvi.
n1 44 42 60
z2: amyolis kbilanebis raode
noba z2 44 14
n2: amyolis mier 1 wT-Si Sesru
lebuli brunvaTa ricxvi. n2 120 180
16 skolaSi 106 meSvideklaseli da sami meSvide klasia. daamtki g

ceT, rom erT meSvide klasSi mainc iqneba 35 bavSvze meti.
17 maTematikis wreze dadis 35 bavSvi. maswavlebelma Seadgina

sami gundi. daasabuTeT, rom erT gundSi mainc aRmoCndeba 12
bavSvze naklebi.
18 ramden adgilas unda gadavxerxoT xis mori, rom miviRoT xuTi

kunZi?
19 100 metr distanciaze (dasawyisSic da boloSic) TiTo metris

daSorebiT bavSvebma droSebi daasves. ramdeni droSaa sul
dasobili?
20 wriul distanciaze, romlis sigrZe 100 metria, TiTo metris

daSorebiT bavSvebma droSebi daasves. sul ramdeni droSaa
dasobili?
21 gia da daTo Sevidnen TxuTmetsarTulian saxlSi,

romlis pirveli sarTuli quCis donezea. gia
avida mexuTe sarTulze. romel sarTulze unda
avides daTo, rom orjer meti raodenobis safex-
uri aiaros? (sarTulebs Soris safexurebis
raodenoba Tanabaria).
149
III Tavi
8. amocanebis amoxsna
gantolebebis meSveobiT
algebris ena _ gantolebebia. ìmisaTvis, rom gadavWraT sa

kiTxi, romelic ricxvebs an sidideebs Soris Tanafardobebs
exeba, saWiroa, amocana mSobliuri enidan algebris enaze gadavi-
tanoT~,_ werda didi ingliseli mecnieri isaak niutoni Tavis alg-
ebris saxelmZRvaneloSi àriTmetika~. xolo, Tu rogor gadavideT
mSobliuri enidan algebris enaze isaak niutonma amis magaliTebi
Tavad gviCvena. ganvixiloT erT-erTi.
mSobliur enaze algebris enaze

vaWars hqonda Tanxis raRac
x
raodenoba
1 wels man daxarja
x–100
100 funti
da darCenil Tanxas daumata - -
x–100+ x 3100 = 4x 3 400
misi mesamedi
meore wels man isev 100 4x - 400 -
3
–100= 4x 3 700
funti daxarja
da darCenili Tanxa gazarda 4x - 700 1 4x - 700 16x - 2800
3
+3 · 3
= 9
misi mesamediT
mesame wels isev 100 funti 16x - 2800 -
9
–100= 16x 93700
daxarja
amis Semdeg man isev mesamediT 16x - 3700 1 16x - 3700 64x - 14800
9
+3 · 9
= 27
gazarda darCenili Tanxa
da vaWris kapitali Tavda- 64x - 14800
27
=2x
pirvelze orjer meti gaxda
amis Semdeg isRa dagvrCenia, amovxsnaT saboloo gantoleba, raTa

vipovoT vaWris pirvandeli Tanxa:
64x - 14800
27
=2x,
saidanac miviRebT, rom x=1480.
ra Tqma unda, gantolebis amoxsna rTuli ar aris, magram amocanis
pirobis `mSobliuri enidan algebrulze gadaTargmnis~ xelovnebas
ki daufleba sWirdeba.
ganvixiloT kidev erTi Zveli amocana. Zveli drois udidesi
maTematikosis diofantes biografiis Sesaxeb informaciam Cve-
namde TiTqmis ar moaRwia. cnobilia mxolod warwera misi saflavis
qvaze, romelsac amocanis forma aqvs. ai, isic:
150
mSobliur enaze algebris enaze
mgzavro, aq ganisvenebs diofantes gvami.
da oi, saocrebav, ricxvebs SeuZliaT gvi- x
karnaxon, ra grZeli iyo misi cxovrebis gza
x
misi meeqvsedi mSvenieri bavSvoba iyo 6
sicocxlis me-12 nawilmac gaiara da x
saxe RinRliT daefara 12
kidev meSvidedi da cxovrebis x
Tanamgzavri hpova 7
5 wlis Semdeg ki gabednierda pirmSo
5
vaJis dabadebiT,
romelmac, vaglax, mamis naxevari icocxla x
mxolod 2
oTxi weliwadi iglova brZenma Ze
sayvareli da aq gangebam masac x = 6x + 12
x
+ 7x + 5 + 2x + 4
mouswrafa mware sicocxle
Tqvi, ra asakSi miicvala diofante.

miRebuli gantolebis amoxsniT vgebulobT, rom diofantes
ucocxlia 84 weli, daqorwinebula 33 wlis asakSi da Svili SesZenia
38 wlisas. 80 wlis asakSi ki _ Svili daukargavs.
am uZvelesi amocanebis ganxilvamac kargad dagvanaxa teqstiani
amocanebis amoxsnis standartuli sqema:
1. ucnobis SerCeva;
2. gantolebis Sedgena;
3. gantolebis amoxsna da saWiro cvladebis povna.
teqstiani amocanis moxerxebulad da kargad amoxsna didadaa
damokidebuli cvladis gonivrulad SerCevaze. cvladi ise unda
SemovitanoT, rom misi saSualebiT rac SeiZleba martivad Caiweros
amocanis piroba.
upirveles yovlisa, unda gvaxsovdes: amocanis pirobaSi moce-
muli sidideebi erTeulTa erTi da imave sistemaSi gamovsaxoT.
magaliTad, Tu siCqare izomeba km/sT-obiT, xolo dro wuTobiT,
sasurvelia drois erTeulad SeirCes saaTi, an piriqiT, siCqare
gamovsaxoT m/wT-obiT (romelia umjobesi, amas amocanis pirobidan
davadgenT).
mas Semdeg, rac amocanis pirobaSi SevarCevT sidides, romelic uc-
nobiT unda aRvniSnoT, kidev erTxelaa saWiro amocanis yuradebiT
wakiTxva, raTa ucnobi sidide davakavSiroT pirobaSi monawile
sxva sidideebTan. amocanis pirobaSi ZiriTadad sami saxis sidide
figurirebs. magaliTad, amocanebSi moZraobaze gvaqvs: sxeulis
mier gavlili manZili, dro da siCqare; amocanebSi muSaobaze: _
Sesrulebuli samuSao (gavlili manZilic Sesrulebuli samuSaoa),
dro _ ra droSic es samuSao Sesrulda da muSaobis Sesrulebis
siCqare (drois erTeulSi Sesrulebuli samuSaos raodenoba).
151
III Tavi
am sami sidididan erT-erTi x-iT aRiniSneba. amis Semdeg ki amocanis
piroba saSualebas mogvcems igi daukavSirdes sxva sidideebs da
bolos, vadgenT gantolebas.
ganvixiloT ramdenime amocana.
amocana 1.
orniSna ricxvis cifrTa jami 15-is tolia. Tu mis cifrebs ga-
davaadgilebT, miviRebT ricxvs, romelic 9-iT metia mocemul
ricxvze. ipoveT es ricxvi.
amoxsna:
I etapi _ cvladis SerCeva.
vTqvaT, saZiebeli ricxvis erTeulebis cifria x.
II etapi _ gantolebis Sedgena.
maSin aTeulebis cifri iqneba 15–x. aqedan saZiebeli ricxvi to-
lia 10(15–x)+x. cifrebis gadaadgilebis Semdeg aTeulebis cifri
iqneba x, erTeulebis ki _ 15–x, amitom miRebuli ricxvi toli
iqneba 10x+(15–x).
a.p.T.1 miRebuli ricxvi 9-iT metia mocemul ricxvze. vwerT gan-
tolebas: 10(15–x)+x+9=10x+(15–x).
III etapi _ gantolebis amoxsna.
10(15–x)+x+9=10x+(15–x)
150–9x+9=9x+15
18x=144
x=8
IV etapi _ pasuxis gacema.
erTeulebis cifria 8, aTeulebisa ki _ 15–8=7, e.i. saZiebeli ricx-
via 78.
amocana 2.
biblioTekisaTvis wigni droze rom Caebarebina, moswavles yovel-
dRiurad 40 gverdi unda waekiTxa. is dReSi 15 gverdiT naklebs
kiTxulobda da wigni 6 dRiT gvian Caabara. ramden dReSi unda
waekiTxa wigni moswavles?
amocanis pirobidan gamovyoT sami ZiriTadi sidide:
1. Sesasrulebeli samuSao (wignis wakiTxva);
2. dro _ romlis ganmavlobaSi unda waikiTxos wigni;
3. samuSaos Sesrulebis siCqare _ erT dReSi wakiTxuli gverdebis
raodenoba (drois erTeulSi Sesrulebuli samuSao).
a.p.T. _ Semoklebuli aRniSvnaa da ikiTxeba ase: àmocanis pirobis Tanaxmad~

1
152
9. amocanebis amoxsna gantolebebis meSveobiT
amoxsna:
vTqvaT, moswavles wigni x dReSi unda waekiTxa, maSin wigni Sedgeba
40x gverdisagan. yoveldRiurad moswavle kiTxulobda 40–15=25
gverds da (x+6) dReSi waikiTxavda 25(x+6) gverds. a. p. T. man wigni
mTlianad waikiTxa. maSasadame,
25(x+6)=40x
gantolebis amoxsnis Sedegad miviRebT: x=10, e. i. moswavles wigni
10 dReSi unda waekiTxa.
ganxiluli msjeloba mokled SeiZleba sqemis saxiT asec Caiweros:
samuSaos Sesrulebis samuSaos Sesr. Sesasrulebeli
SemTxveva damokidebuleba
dro (dR) siCqare (dR) samuSaos r-ba
I SemTxveva x dRe 40 gv/dR 40x gv
40x=25(x+6)
II SemTxveva (x+6) dRe 40–15=25 gv/dR 25(x+6) gv
ra Tqma unda, x-iT SeiZleboda wignis gverdebis raodenobac aR-

gveniSna, magram ufro moxerxebuli zemoT SemoRebuli aRniSvnaa
(SegiZliaT Tavad darwmundeT).
amocana 3.
or punqts Soris manZili mdinaris mimarTulebiT katerma 3 sT
da 30 wT-Si gaiara, xolo sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT ki _ 6 sT
da 18 wuTSi. ipoveT punqtebs Soris manZili, Tu mdinaris dinebis
siCqare 2,4 km/sT-ia.
upirveles yovlisa, rogorc aRvniSneT, drois erTeulad
avirCioT erT-erTi: saaTebi an wuTebi. umjobesia saaTebi, radgan
amocanis pirobiT siCqare km/sT-obiT izomeba.
18
3sT 30wT = 3,5 sT. 6sT 18wT = 6 60 sT = 6,3 sT.
amoxsna:
vTqvaT kateris sakuTari siCqarea x km/sT. mdinaris mimarTulebiT
igi imoZravebs (x+2,4) km/sT siCqariT da gaivlis (x+2,4)3,5 km-s. sawi-
naaRmdego mimarTulebiT kateri imoZravebs (x–2,4) km/sT siCqariT
da gaivlis 6,3(x–2,4) km-s. a. p. T. orive mimarTulebiT katerma erTi
da igive manZili gaiara. miviReT: 3,5(x+2,4)= 6,3(x–2,4).
am gantolebis amoxsniT vadgenT, rom x=8,4.
sqema:
SemTxvevebi siCqare dro gavlili manZili damokidebuleba
md.-is
mimarT. 3,5 sT 3,5(x + 2,4)km
(x + 2,4) km sT
3,5(x + 2,4) = 6,3(x – 2,4)
md. saw.
mimarT. 6,3 sT 6,3(x – 2,4)km
(x–2,4) km sT
153
III Tavi
marTalia, gantolebebis saSualebiT Cven SegviZlia nebismieri
amocana amovxsnaT, magram arsebobs amocanebi, romlebic gacile-
biT moxerxebulad da lamazad amoixsneba àriTmetikulad~, vidre
àlgebrulad~.
amocana 4.
pirvel kolbaSi 112 sm3 wyalia, meoreSi _ 200 sm3. ramdeni wuTis Sem-
deg iqneba orive kolbaSi Tanabari raodenobis wyali, Tu pirvel
kolbaSi yovel wuTSi asxamen 22 sm3-iT met wyals, vidre meoreSi.
amoxsna:
meore kolbaSi aris 88 sm3-iT meti wyali, vidre pirvelSi. radgan
yovel saaTSi pirvel kolbaSi Cadis 22 sm3-iT meti wyali, es imas
niSnavs, rom yovel saaTSi gansxvaveba mcirdeba 22 sm3-iT, anu kol-
bebSi wylis raodenoba gaTanabrdeba 88:22=4 saaTSi.
amocana 5.
orniSna ricxvis cifrTa jami udris 15-s. Tu am ricxvs 7-ze ga-
vamravlebT da miRebul namravls gamovaklebT orniSna ricxvs,
romelic Cawerilia mocemuli orniSna ricxvis cifrebiT, magram
Sebrunebuli mimdevrobiT, miviRebT 387-s. ipoveT es ricxvi.
amoxsna:
orniSna ricxvebi, romelTa cifrTa jamia 15, iqneba: 96, 69, 87, 78.
amocanis pirobis mixedviT, TiToeuli am ricxvisaTvis SevadginoT
ricxviTi gamosaxuleba:
a) 96·7–69; b) 69·7–96; g) 87·7–78; d) 78·7–87.
davadginoT ra cifriT bolovdeba TiToeuli gamosaxulebis
mniSvneloba:
a) 96·7 – 69 = ...·2 – 69 = ... 3;
b) 69·7 – 96 = ...·3 – 96 = ... 7;
g) 87·7 – 78 = ...·9 – 78 = ... 1;
d) 78·7 – 87 = ...·6 – 87 = ... 9.
a. p.T. a), g) da d) SemTxveva ar gamogvadgeba. SevamowmoT b) SemTxveva.
marTlac, 69·7 – 99 = 387.
e. i. saZiebeli ricxvia 69.

1. 5 km 30 m = ? m. 2. 2007 m = ? km ? m.
3. 3 kg 200 g = ? g. 4. 7 sT 5 wm = ? wm.
5. 5 t = ? kg. 6. 18 wT = ? sT.
7. 2 sT 35 wT = ? sT. 8. 2 mm = ? m.
154
savarjiSoebi:
1 SeadgineT gantoleba da amoxseniT:
a) ipoveT naturaluri ricxvi, romelsac damatebuli gasamkecebuli
wina ricxvi tolia 21-is.
b) ipoveT ricxvi, romlis gaorkecebuli namravli 3-ze 25-iT metia 29-ze.
g) ipoveT ricxvi, romelic 5-jer metia masze 8-iT nakleb ricxvze.
2 mocemuli winadadeba CawereT gantolebis saxiT:

a) x ricxvi 5-iT metia y-ze;
b) x da y ricxvebis jami 8-jer metia maTsave sxvaobaze;
g) gaorkecebuli x ricxvis 10% tolia y-is;
1
d) gasamkecebeli x ricxvi 10-iT naklebia y-is 5 -ze.
3 ori manqanis fasi 5650 $-is tolia. amasTan erTi manqana meoreze 330 $-iT
iafia. ra Rirs TiToeuli manqana?
4 mamisa da Svilis wlovaneba erTad 75 welia. sami wlis Semdeg mama 25 wliT
ufrosi iqneba, vidre Svili. ipoveT mamisa da Svilis asaki.
5 tolferda samkuTxedis perimetri 25 sm-ia. ipoveT samkuTxedis

gverdebi, Tu ferdi 5 sm-iT grZelia, vidre fuZe.
6 marTkuTxa formis nakveTis sigrZe siganeze 7,1 m-iT metia. ipoveT

marTkuTxedis gverdebi, Tu misi perimetri 52 m-ia (ipoveT meaTedamde
sizustiT).
7 ipoveT mosazRvre kuTxeebis sidide, Tu erTi kuTxe meoreze 5-jer

metia.
8 25 sm AB sigrZis monakveTi C wertiliT iyofa iseT or monakveTad,

romelTa sxvaoba 11 sm-is tolia. ipoveT AC da BC monakveTTa sigrZeebi.
9 sam klasSi 81 moswavlea. amasTan pirvel klasSi moswavleTa ricxvi 5-iT

metia, vidre meoreSi da 4-iT meti, vidre mesameSi. ramdeni moswavlea
TiToeul klasSi.
10 tolferda samkuTxedis perimetri 44 sm-ia. ipoveT misi gverdebis

sigrZe, Tu fuZe 40 mm-iT moklea, vidre ferdi.
11 ori wrfis gadakveTiT miRebuli kuTxeebidan erTi meoreze 3-jer

metia, ipoveT am kuTxeTa sidideebi.
12 sami momdevno luwi ricxvis jami 84-ia. ipoveT es ricxvebi.
13 pirvel brigadaSi 4-jer naklebi muSa iyo, vidre meoreSi. roca meore
brigadidan 6 muSa wavida, xolo 12 pirvelSi gadaiyvanes, muSaTa ra-
odenoba brigadebSi gaTanabrda. ramdeni muSa iyo Tavdapirvelad
TiToeul brigadaSi?
155
III Tavi
14 ori qalaqidan, romelTa Soris manZili 612 km-ia, erTmaneTis Sesaxvedrad
ori matarebeli gamovida. isini erTmaneTs Sexvdnen 6 sT-is Semdeg. ipoveT
pirveli matareblis siCqare, Tu meoris siCqare pirvelis 70%-s Seadgens.
15 marTkuTxedis sigrZe samjer metia mis siganeze. marTkuTxedis perimetri

56 sm-ia. ipoveT marTkuTxedis sigrZe da sigane.
16 vaSli gaSrobis dros kargavs Tavisi wonis 84%-s. ramdeni vaSli unda avi-
RoT, rom miviRoT 32 kg Ciri?
17 ori ricxvis jami 2490-is tolia. ipoveT es ricxvebi, Tu erTis 6,5% udris
meore ricxvis 8,5%-s.
18* SeiZleba Tu ara 84 moswavle sam klasSi ise gavanawiloT, rom meoreSi
aRmoCndes 2 moswavliT naklebi, vidre pirvelSi da xuTiT naklebi, vidre
mesameSi?
19 moswavleebma 900 nergi darges. nekerCxlis, muxisa da cacxvis. amasTan

nekerCxali 2-jer meti, vidre muxa da cacxvi 3-jer meti, vidre nekerCxali.
ramdeni muxa, cacxvi da nekerCxali darges moswavleebma?
20* erT bostneulsacavSi 145 t da 480 kg kartofilia, xolo meoreSi _ 89t

da 80kg. pirveli sacavidan maRaziaSi yoveldRiurad gaaqvT 4 t da 40 kg
kartofili, meoredan ki 10t da 190kg. ramdeni dRis Semdeg darCeba meore
bostneulsacavSi 2-jer naklebi kartofili, vidre pirvelSi?
21* Takos daavales, rom ricxvi gaemravlebina 0,5-ze da Sedeg isTvis 3

daematebina. Takom yvelaferi auria, man es ricxvi jer gayo 0,5-ze, xolo
Semdeg miRebuls gamoaklo 3, magram hoi, saocrebav – Takom pasuxad igive
ricxvi miiRo. ipoveT es ricxvi.
B
22* mixo papam Tqva, rom mis ojaxSi kameCebis raodenoba
α+30° tolia am raodenobis 34 -isa da kidev 1 kameCisa. ramdeni kameCi
hyavs mixo papas?
23* naxazis mixedviT aRadgineT amocanis piroba da ipoveT

2α α ABC samkuTxedis TiToeuli kuTxe, Tu cnobilia, rom
A C samkuTxedis samive kuTxis jami 180°-ia.
x 5,3
24 naxazis mixedviT ipoveT x, Tu cnobilia, rom
AB = 7,4. A B
25 avtomobilma or qalaqs Soris manZili 7 saaTSi gaiara. misi siCqare, rom

10km/sT-iT meti yofiliyo, igi am manZils 6 saaTSi dafaravda. ipoveT
manZili qalaqebs Soris.
26 qalaqis pirvelobaze curvaSi erTma moswavlem 24wm-Si mdinaris mimarTule-

biT gacura igive manZili, rac 40 wm-Si mdinaris sawinaaRmdego mimarTule-
biT. ipoveT mocuravis sakuTari siCqare, Tu mdinaris dinebis siCqarea 25
sm/wm.
27 SeiZleba Tu ara sami momdevno luwi ricxvis jami iyos 86.
156
28* erT auzSi 160 m3 wyalia, meoreSi _ 117 m3. aReben onkanebs, romelTa saSu-
alebiT ivseba auzebi. ramdeni saaTis Semdeg iqneba meore auzSi 13 m3-iT meti
wyali, vidre pirvelSi, Tu meore auzSi yovel saaTSi 14 m3-iT meti wyali
isxmeba vidre pirvelSi?
29 faifuris dasamzadeblad iyeneben Tixas, TabaSirsa da silas, romelTa

masebic proporciulia 25, 1 da 2 ricxvebisa. ramdeni Tixa, TabaSiri da
silaa saWiro 350 kg faifuris dasamzadeblad.?
30 Tu marTkuTxedis sigrZes SevamcirebT 3 sm-iT, xolo siganes igives dav-

tovebT, miviRebT kvadrats, romlis farTobi 21 sm2-iT naklebi iqneba marT-
kuTxedis farTobze. ipoveT marTkuTxedis gverdebi.
31* Wvavis puris gamocxobisas vRebulobT namats, rac Seadgens aRebuli fqvi-
lis 0,3-s. ramdeni fqvili unda aviRoT, rom 26 kg. gamomcxvari Wvavis puri
miviRoT?
32* rindis papirusSi mocemuli amocanebi, rom-

lebic gantolebis SedgeniT ixsneba.
dawereT gantoleba saZiebeli ricxvisaTvis
da amoxseniT.
a) rindis papirusis 24-e amocana. `raodenoba
da misi meSvidedi erTad aris 19~.
b) rindis papirusis 28-e amocana. raodenobas
da mis or mesameds moaklda miRebulis erTi rindis papirusi
amocanebi ikiTxeba marjvnidan marcxniv
mesamedi. darCenilia aTi~.
33 Zveleburi amocana.
oTxi qvelmoqmedidan meorem dado orjer meti Tanxa, vidre pirvelma,
mesamem _ 3-jer meti, vidre meorem, meoTxem _ 4-jer meti, vidre mesamem
da yvelam erTad 132 rupia. ramdeni rupia dado TiToeulma?
34 sviteris, qudisa da Sarfis mosaqsovad gamoiyenes 555 g Salis Zafi, amasTan

qudze daxarjes 5-jer naklebi Zafi, vidre sviterze da 5 g-iT meti, vidre
Sarfze. ramdeni grami Zafi daixarja TiToeulis mosaqsovad?
35 9 saaTis ganmavlobaSi navma mdinaris dinebis mimarTulebiT gaiara igive

manZili, rac 11 saaTis ganmavlobaSi mdinaris dinebis sawinaaRmdegod.
ipoveT navis sakuTari siCqare, Tu mdinaris siCqarea 2 km/sT.
36 gzatkecilze ori manqana midis erTi da imave siCqariT. Tu pirveli

gazrdis siCqares 10 km/sT-iT, xolo meore Seamcirebs siCqares
10 km/sT-iT, pirveli 2 saaTSi gaivlis igive manZils, rasac meore 3 saaTSi.
ra siCqariT moZraoben manqanebi?
8
37 sami ricxvis jami 496-is tolia. meore ricxvi pirvelis 15 -s Seadgens,
3
xolo pirveli naklebia mesameze 2 5 -jer. ipoveT es ricxvebi.
38 ori ricxvi ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc 5:3. Tu pirvel ricxvs 1-s
davumatebT, xolo meores 25-s gamovaklebT, maSin miviRebT tol ricxvebs.
ipoveT es ricxvebi.
157
III Tavi
39 Cafiqrebul ricxvs daumates 4, jami gayves 5-ze da ganayofs daumates 200,
amis Sedegad miiRes Cafiqrebul ricxvze 16-iT naklebi ricxvi. ipoveT
Cafiqrebuli ricxvi.
40 Cafiqrebuli ricxvis 75% gayves 15-ze da ganayof miumates 40. miiRes

ricxvi, romelic Cafiqrebuli ricxvis 9%-is tolia. ipoveT Cafiqrebuli
ricxvi.
41 samkuTxedis erTi kuTxe 3-jer naklebia meore kuTxeze da 20°-iT metia

mesameze. ipoveT samkuTxedis kuTxeebi.
g 42 ipoveT 2x + y gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba, Tu: a) x=2; y=2,3; b) x=–4; y=3.

x - 3y
43 ori ricxvis jamia 175. ipoveT es ricxvebi, Tu erTis 6,4% tolia meoris
16%-isa.
44* ramdeni orniSna ricxvi arsebobs: a) romlis CanawerSic Sedis cifri 3-iani.
b) romelic iyofa 3-ze; g) romelic ar iyofa 3-ze;
45 skolaSi Camoyalibebul fexburTis, kalaTburTisa da xelburTis seqciebSi

gaerTianebul bavSvTa raodenoba ise Seefardeba erTmaneTs, rogorc 3:4:5.
ramdeni bavSvi dadis TiToeul seqciaze, Tu erT seqciaze saSualod 20
moswavle dadis.
a) –14·2+15=45+x; b) 2x–2(x–1)=x–2(x+7);
g) 4y=35–(15+18); d) 0,2(x–3)–1=0,5(x+3)–0,4.
47 daamtkiceT, rom sami momdevno mTeli ricxvis namravli iyofa 6-ze.
48 maswavlebelma gaigona minis Camsxvrevis xma da maSinve Sevida saklaso

oTaxSi. iq daxvdnen daTo, merabi, vaxtangi da goCa. goCam Tqva, rom mina
daTom gatexa, daTo amtkicebda, rom damnaSave merabi iyo, merabi irw-
muneboda, rom daTo tyuoda, xolo vaxtangi Tavs imarTlebda, mina me ar
gamitexavso. male gairkva, rom mxolod erTma moswavlem Tqva simarTle.
vin Catexa mina?
ariTmetikuli amocanebisadmi algebruli midgomis nimuSebi gvxvdeba

jer kidev Zvel egviptur papirusSi, romelic Zv. w. aR. 2000-1700 wlebSia
dawerili vinme ahmesis mier. es papirusi cnobilia `rindis papirusis~
saxeliT. sailustraciod gavecnoT erT, rigiT 26-e amocanas da mis
amoxsnas. Tavad darwmundebiT, ra lamaz meTods iyenebs ahmesi.
amocana: `raodenoba da misi meoTxedi erTad aris 15. ipoveT raodenoba~.

amoxsna:
`daiwye daTvla 4-dan, _ gvirCevs ahmesi, _ maTgan unda aiRo meoTxedi,
saxeldobr 1. erTad iqneba xuTi~.
amis Semdeg ahmesi 15-s hyofs 5-ze da ganayofs, ese igi, 3-s amravlebs
4-ze. radgan 4 · 3 = 12, amitom saZiebeli raodenobaa 12.
158
9. problemis moZieba
amocana 1.
a
VI klasis moswavleebma gadawyvites moawyon poeziis saRamo, risT-
visac maT gadawyvites darbazSi ise ganalagon 75 skami, rom yovel
momdevno rigSi iyos 1 skamiT meti, vidre winaSi.
I. ekam ase ifiqra rom, pirvel rigSi daawyobda 7 skams, meoreSi 8–s
da a.S. Sedegad man miiRo aseTi jami
7+8+9+10+11+12+13=70, 70<75,
magram 70+14=84 da 84>75. amitom eka agrZelebs fiqrs: Tu pirvel
rigSi 6 skams davdebT, maSin 70+6=76 da 76>75. an kidev Tu pirvel
rigSi 7–is nacvlad 8 skams davdebT, maSin 84–7=77 da 77>75.
 daexmareT ekas variantebis daTvlaSi da moifiqreT, Tu

? ramdeni skami unda daidgas rigebSi?
II. beqam es problema ase gadawyvita: man moifiqra, rom 75=15·5

da daxaza marTkuTxedi, romlis sigane 5, xolo sigrZe 15
ujraa da dayo 5 tol nawilad (nax. 1). marcxnidan meoTxe
zols moaWra erTi ujra da es ujra daumata marcxnidan
meore zols. aseve bolo zols moaWra 2 ujra da daumata
pirvel zols. miiRo figura, sadac marcxnidan pirvel
zolSi 17, meoreSi – 16, mesameSi – 15, meoTxeSi – 14 da mex-
uTeSi – 13 ujraa. ase gadawyvita man klasis problema.
V rigi – 17 skami
IV rigi – 16 skami
III rigi – 15 skami
II rigi – 14 skami nax 1.
I rigi – 13 skami
?  scadeT Tqvenc da moifiqreT am problemis gadawyvetis

sxva varianti.
amocana 2.
ramdeni naturaluri ricxvia moTavsebuli 37-dan 77-mde (37-isa
da 77-is CaTvliT)?
kotem es problema ase gadawyvita: man Camowera erTmaneTis gverdi-
159
III Tavi
gverd yvela ricxvi 37-dan 77-is CaTvliT da gadaTvala. pirveli
– 37, meore – 38 da a.S.
Tamunam ki ase moifiqra: man gaixsena, rom naturaluri ricxvebi
Tvlis Sedegad miRebuli ricxvebia da amitom 1-dan 77-is CaTvliT
iqneboda 77 ricxvi. magram am ricxvebs unda movakloT yvela ricxvi
1-dan 36-is CaTvliT – sul 36 ricxvi da man miiRo, rom 37-dan 77-is
CaTvliT iqneba:
77 – 36 = 41 naturaluri ricxvi
?  problemis gadaWris romeli xerxi ufro mogewonaT?
amocana 3.
daTos Zalian uyvars maTematika. igi xSirad eZebs sxvadasxva sain-
tereso amocanas. erTxel man kenti ricxvebis Sekreba daiwyo da
saintereso faqts waawyda:
1 + 3 = 4 — 4 = 22.
1 + 3 + 5 = 9 — 9 = 32.
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 = 16 — 16 = 42.
1 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 9 = 25 — 25 = 52.
1–dan dawyebuli kenti ricxvebis jami naturaluri ricxvis kva-
drati iyo. Tan SeamCnia, rom Tu Sesakrebebis raodenoba n–ia, ma-
Sin jamic n2–ia. magram daTom pasuxi ver gasca kiTxvas, Tu ratom
xdeboda es ase. an SenarCundeboda Tu ara aseTi damokidebuleba
SesakrebTa nebismieri ricxvisTvis.
daTo ganagrZobda ricxvebze dakvirvebas. man SeamCnia, rom sami
momdevno kenti (sadac umciresi ricxvi metia 1-ze) an sami mom-
devno luwi ricxvis jami ukve aRar iyo raime naturaluri ricxvis
kvadrati, magram Sedegad miiReboda iseTi ricxvebi, romlebsac
raRac saerTo Tviseba hqondaT.
5 + 7 + 9 = 21
8 + 10 + 12 = 30
?  daakvirdiT aseTi sameulebis jamebs da mixvdiT, ra Tviseba

SeamCnia daTom.
diax, miRebuli ricxvebi iyofa 3-ze. bunebrivia daTom dasva

kiTxva: sruldeboda Tu ara es Tviseba nebismierad aRebuli sami
momdevno kenti, luwi ricxvisTvis? axla ki am SekiTxvaze daTom
pasuxi advilad gasca. man pirveli ricxvi n–iT aRniSna, maSin meore
iqneboda (n+2), mesame ki– n+4 da Sekriba:
n+n+2+n+4=n+n+n+2+4=3n+6= ab + ac = a(b+c)
= 3(n+2)
3(n+2) ki rogorc viciT, iyofa 3-ze.
160
10. problemis moZieba
rogorc vnaxeT, daTom pirvel problemas pasuxi ver gasca, meore

ki advilad gadawyvita. magram ramdenime weliwadSi daTo SeiZens
iseT codnas, rom am da kidev mraval sxva problemas advilad
gadawyvets.
n = 3n
saSinao davalebis Sesrulebisas, an mraval sxva situaciaSi
moxvedrisas Tqven dagWirdebaT sxvadasxva problemis moZebna,
risTvisac saWiro iqneba „ramdeni–?“, „ratom...?“ „aris Tu ara ase
yovelTvis“? da kidev sxva SekiTxvebis dasma. axseniT naxazis
Sinaarsi
 dasviT kiTxvebi, ifiqreT, imsjeleT da Tqven aucileblad mi-
aRwevT mizans!
savarjiSoebi:
1 ramdeni: a) orniSna; b) samniSna ricxvi arsebobs?
2 ramdeni orniSna ricxvis Canaweri Seicavs cifr 2-ians? 5-ians?

0-s?
3 ramdeni nuliT bolovdeba namravli:

a) 1-dan 21-mde? b) 1-dan 200-mde? g) 30-dan 120-mde?
4 giorgis saxli skolidan 5 km–iTaa daSorebuli, xolo Takosi –

2 km–iT. ra manZilia giorgisa da Takos saxlebs Soris?
5 maswavlebelma moswavleebs daavala SeekribaT yvela natural-

uri ricxvi 1–dan 100–is CaTvliT gogam es davaleba 5 wuTSi Sea-
srula. rogor moaxerxa es gogam?
6 matarebeli, romlis sigrZe 0,5km-ia saaTSi gadis 60km-s. ramden

xanSi gaivlis es matarebeli naxevari kilometris sigrZis
gvirabs.
7 ra udidesi ricxvi SeiZleba iyos eleqtronuli

saaTis ekranze naCvenebi drois aRmniSvneli 10: 45
cifrebis jami?
8 daakvirdiT pirvel naxazze gamosaxul ricx-

1
viT kedels da moifiqreT ricxvebi, romlebic
1
garkveuli wesiT Seavseben mas. 2
1
9 ramdennairad SeiZleba davsvaT sami bavSvi erT 3
merxze? 1
4
10* ramdeni varianti arsebobs matareblis kupe- 1
5
Si 4 mgzavris ganawilebis Tu kupeSi oTxi ad-
gilia? nax 1.
161
III Tavi
11 gamocdaze students afaseben sul mcire 15 da sul didi 100 quliT.
sul mcire ramdenma studentma unda Caabaros gamocda, rom ors
mainc qondes erTnairi Sefaseba?
12* safexburTo turnirSi xuTi gundi erTmaneTs eTamaSeba TiTo TamaSs.

Catarebuli TamaSebidan 7 mogebiT, xolo 3 fre damTavrda. Tu moge-
baze gunds ewereba 3 qula, wagebaze – 0, xolo fres SemTxvevaSi – 1
qula, saSualod erT TamaSSi ramdeni qula gaTamaSda?
13 sabas, beqas, lukas da levans sul 64 lari aqvT. Tu sabas Tanxas 3–iT
gavzrdiT, beqas Tanxas 3–iT SevamcirebT, lukas Tanxas 5–iT gavzr-
diT, xolo levanis Tanxas 5–iT SevamcirebT, maSin yvelas Tanabari
Tanxa gauxdebaT. ramdeni lari aqvs TiToeuls?
14 saxlSi 100 binaa, romlebic gadanomrilia 1–dan 100–mde. ramdeni bi-

nis nomris cifrTa jamia 7?
15 qeTi 8 ianvars dilis 5 sT–ze Tbilisidan sanfranciskoSi gafrinda

reisiT Tbilisi–miunxeni–sanfrancisko. frenas Tbilisidan mi-
unxenamde 4 sT sWirdeba, miunxenidan sanfranciskomde – 12 sT. 4 sT
miunxenSi Cerdebian. ianvris romel ricxvSi da romel saaTze Caf-
rindeba qeTi sanfranciskoSi, Tu Tbilisis dro 12 sT–iT uswrebs
sanfranciskos dros?
g 16 nikam 8 marts klasSi 35 cali yvavili Semoitana. mas unda es yvavilebi

Tanaklasel gogonebs da Tamuna maswavlebels ise gaunawilos, rom
maswavlebels sxvebze meti (Tundac erTiT) Sexvdes. yvelaze cota
ramdeni yvavili unda misces man Tamuna maswavlebels, Tu klasSi 12
gogonaa?
17 gayofis Seusruleblad daadgineT, qvemoT mocemuli ricxvebidan

iyofa Tu ara pirveli ricxvi meoreze (pasuxi daasabuTeT)?
a) 7125 da 5; b) 777777777 da 3; g) 1152 da 6;
d) 333333 da 6; e) 21324 da 6; v) 927127278 da 18.
18 kvadrati dayofilia patara kvadratebad ise, rogorc naxatzea

mocemuli. ipoveT gamuqebuli figuris farTobi da perimetri, Tu
Tavdapirveli kvadratis farTobia 36sm2.
19 ipoveT a da b cvladebis iseTi naturaluri mniSvnelobebi, romel
TaTvisac sruldeba:
a) a + b = 6 da ab = 8; b) a – b = 16 da ab = 80; g) a + b = 75 da a = b:2;
d) ab = 10 da a = 7 – b; e) a + b = ab; v) ab = 64 da a:b = 4.
162
Tema
amocanebis amoxsnis xelovneba

rogorc ukve vnaxeT, gantolebebis SedgeniT ixsneba Zalian bevri
praqtikuli amocana. magram arsebobs amocanebis amoxsnisadmi ara standa
rtuli midgoma da amoxsnis originaluri meTodebi. maTi gamoyenebiT
amocanebi `lamazad~, kompaqturad ixsneba. Cveni mizania Tqvenc daganaxoT
maTematikuri amoxsnebis es `silamaze~. ganvixiloT ramdenime amocana.
amocana 1.
fermaSi hyavT aTasi kurdReli da qaTami. yvelas erTad aqvs 3150 fexi.
ramdeni kurdReli da ramdeni qaTami hyavT fermaSi?
amoxsna:
warmovidginoT, rom kurdRlebi dganan or fexze, xolo qaTmebi erT fexze,
maSin miwaze mdgomi fexebis raodenoba iqneba 3150:2=1575 axla kidev Tu
warmovidgenT, rom yvela qaTami gaviyvaneT da kurdRlebi davayeneT cal
fexze, miwaze mdgomi fexebis raodenobas gamoakldeba aTasi fexi (kurd-
Rlebis da qaTmebis saerTo raodenoba 1000-ia). e. i. darCeba 1575–1000=575.
es ki kurdRlebis raodenobaa imitom, rom yvela kurdReli dgas cal
fexze. amrigad, fermaSi 575 kurdReli da 425 qaTamia.
amocana 2.
daTos miarTves 1 finjani yava. dalia ra naxevari finjani, Seavsebina rZiT,
dalia narevis 13 da kvlav Seavsebina rZiT, dalia kidev 16 , isev Seavsebina
rZiT. amis Semdeg Wiqa bolomde dacala. romeli meti dalia daTom, yava
Tu rZe?
amoxsna:
radgan daTom yava erTi finjani dalia, davTvaloT daleuli rZis raode-
noba da SevadaroT daleuli yavis raodenobas. daleuli rZis raodenobaa
1 1 1
+ + =1.
2 3 6
e. i. daTos daulevia Tanabari raodenobis rZe da yava.
amocana 3.
A da B qalaqebs Soris manZili 100 km-ia. A qalaqis 100 da B qalaqis 50 mo-
swavle monawileobs RonisZiebaSi. sad unda CavataroT RonisZieba, rom
yvela moswavlis mier gavlil manZilTa jami iyos umciresi?
amoxsna:
xkm (100–x) km
A B
C
163
III Tavi
vTqvaT, RonisZieba CavatareT C punqtSi, romelic A-dan x km-iTaa daSo-
rebuli. cxadia, C punqti B-dan daSorebuli iqneba (100–x) km-iT. A-dan
wamosuli bavSvebis mier gavlil manZilTa jami iqneba 100x km, xolo B-dan
wamosulebisa ki _ 50(100–x)km. yvela moswavlis mier gavlili manZili
iqneba 100x + 50(100–x)=50x+5000 km.
Tu RonisZiebas CavatarebT A-Si, maSin imgzavreben mxolod B qalaqis
moswavleebi. isini gaivlian 50·100 km-s. cxadia, 50x+5000>50·100.
e. i. RonisZieba unda Catardes A punqtSi.
amocana 4.
produqciis dasamzadeblad saWiro nedleuli jdeba am produqciis ga-
sayidi fasis naxevari da kidev 1000 l. muSa-mosamsaxureTa xelfasebis
gadaxdas sWirdeba darCenili Tanxis naxevari da kidev 1000 l. yvela sxva
gadasaxads sWirdeba am etapze darCenili Tanxis naxevari da kidev 1000 l.
ramdeni unda daxarjos mewarmem, rom 1000 l mogeba darCes.
amoxsna:
produqciis
amocanis amosaxsnelad gaZlevT gasayidi fasi
Tanxis ganawilebis sqemas.
1000+
miTiTeba: SeabruneT isrebi da
angariSi daiwyeT qvemodan zemoT.
1000+
1000+ 1000
yovel amocanas iseTi saxe unda mivceT, rom misi amoxsna

SeiZlebodes.
nils henrik abeli
164
III Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi:
1 SeasruleT moqmedeba:
a) 23,4–27,8; b) –17,7–18,8; g) –18,5+20; d) –391,5+125,1;
2 1
e) –700_800; v) –15–(–25,7); z) 37 43 – `- 14 56 j ; T) 18 5 –20 5 ;
2 3
i) –27 3 +18 97 ; k) -12+ 43 ; l) –11 14 – `- 9 12 j ; m) –5 7 +8.

a) 13,04_24,13_7,04+8,25_3,1; b) 17_[38_(15_13_24)];
g) _(_13+(24-68))_(_48+95); d) (72_83,5)_[_45,3_(18,7_20,5)].
3 gamoTvaleT:
a) (–3):(–2):(9); b) (–3)·8:(–4); g) –1 : 5 · 8; d) 4:(–5:2);
e) 0 : (–2 : 3); v) –8 : 6 · 3; z) (–1)31(-2)3(–5); T) (–1)2n+5 · 73;
i) (–1)2n+4 · 57; k) (–7)18:(–7)16; l) (–0,5)11:(–0,5)10; m) –(–5)16 : (–5)4.

1 2
- 1 + 1 `- 4 j 0 4$ - +2 5 -
2 5 8 5
a) 1 2 ; b) 1 ;
- :7 (- 0, 8) - 1, 5 (- 0, 5)
3 3 2
- - - - - - 25 - - + - - - +5
g) 7 ( 13) - 15 ; d) ( 18) 17 11 - .
5 -2 - 0, 5 0, 25
5 ? -is nacvlad CasviT <, > an =-is niSani ise, rom miiRo WeSmariti winadadeba:
a) (–83)·(–15) ? (–83)·8+15; b) (–811–317)+15 ? 15;
g) (–13)·(–15) ? 15·13–(–4); d) |–85|+|–17,3| ? |85+17,3|;
e) (–2) ? (–2) ;
31 8
v) (–10)18 ? (–20)–37;
z) (–5)18(–3)1185(–7) ? 0; T) (–7)(–5)(–2)8·(–4)9·11(–8) ? 0.
7 A wertilis koordinatia 5, B wertilis ki 3. ipoveT AB monakveTis sigrZe.
8 ipoveT A wertilis koordinati, Tu igi B(–5) wertilidan 11 erTeuliTaa

daSorebuli.
a) 4·(–3,25)–12=x–(18,4–14,5); b) 3a–5=25–(10+a);
g) –16 = –4(5+b); d) (11,4–19,4)x=1,5.(–8).
a) |x|=7; b) |x| = –5; g) |x–1|=0;
d) |x–3|=2; e) |2x–7|=1; v) |2–x|=2.
11 cxrilSi mocemulia cimbirSi ianvridan dekembris CaTvliT saSualo

Tviuri temperatura. gamoTvaleT saSualo wliuri temperatura.
Tveebi I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX X XI XII
temperatura, p –49° –45,1° –29,7° –13,2° 1,9° 12,6° 15,4° 10,8° 2,4° –14,2° –36,9° –47°
165
III Tavi
a) –3(5–2a)+7a; b) 2(3,1a–5)–7a;
g) 18a–2,1(3+a); d) –11(5a–17)+14a.
13 –2; 4; 5; 3; –7; 8 ricxvebidan, romelia Semdegi gantolebis fesvi:

a) x2–3x–10=0; b) x2+4x=21.
14 a-s ra mniSvnelobisaTvis iqneba (2a–1)x+a–3=0 gantolebis fesvi:

a) 2-is; b) 0-is; g) –1-is toli.
a) 10(0,3x–0,2)–0,3(5x+2)+5(1,1–0,4x)=2,5;
b) 0,4(x+2)–2(0,3x–0,2)=1,4–0,5(x+3);
g) 4(0,2y–0,1)–0,3(2y–0,2)=0,7;
d) (5,3y–0,8)–(1,6–4,7y)=2y–(y–0,3).
16* ipoveT iseTi a∈Z, rom (a–1)x=12 gantolebas naturaluri amonaxseni

hqondes.
17* gantolebis amouxsnelad daamtkiceT, rom mocemul gantolebebs ara

aqvs mTeli amonaxseni.
a) 9(3x–1)=14, b) 3(x+2)=8.
SeadgineT TviTon analogiuri Tvisebis gantolebebi.
18 ori mosazRvre nakveTidan erTi 4-jer didia meoreze. Tu pirveli

nakveTidan CamovWriT 10 ha da SevuerTebT meores, meore nakveTi
pirveli nakveTis darCenili nawilis 2 gaxdeba. vipovoT TiToeuli
3
nakveTis farTobi.
19 A punqtidan B punqtSi Sikrikma paketi 35 wT-Si Caitana. ukan dab-

runebisas man siCqare saaTSi 0,6 km-iT gaadida da mgzavrobas 30 wT
mounda. vipovoT punqtebs Soris manZili da Sikrikis Tavdapirveli
siCqare.
20 orniSna ricxvis cifrTa jami 13-is tolia. Tu am ricxvSi cifrebs

gadavaadgilebT, miviRebT ricxvs, romelic Tavdapirvel ricxvze
27-iT naklebia. ipoveT es ricxvi.
21 ana 2-jer ufrosia Temoze. giorgi 3 wliT axalgazrdaa, vidre ana. 10

wlis Semdeg maTi wlovaneba erTad 52 iqneba. ramdeni wlisaa ana?
22 BK sxivi gadis ABC kuTxis gverdebs Soris. ∠ABC=120°. ipoveT ABK

da KBC kuTxeebi, Tu maTi Sefardebaa 1:5.
166
III Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi:
23 orniSna ricxvis aTeulebis ricxvi samjer metia misi erTeulebis ri

cxvze. Tu am ricxvis cifrebs gadavaadgilebT, miviRebT ricxvs, rome
lic 36 erTeuliT naklebia saZebn ricxvze. ipoveT orniSna ricxvi.
24* cnobili uZvelesi Cinuri amocana moZraobaze (ariTmetikuli xe-

lovnebis 9 wigni, III s. Cv. w. aR.).
ZaRli misdevs katas, romelic 100 naxtomiTaa win. roca kata akeTebs
12 naxtoms, ZaRli akeTebs 15 naxtoms. ramdeni naxtomi unda gaakeTos
ZaRlma, rom daewios katas (CavTvaloT, maTi naxtomebi erTi da imave
sigrZisaa).
25* zRvis wyali Seicavs 4% marils. ra raodenobis mtknari wyali unda

davumatoT 40 kg zRvis wyals, rom marilis koncentracia 2,5% iyos.
26 marTkuTxedis erTi gverdis sigrZe 7 sm-ia. mas Semdeg rac am

gverdis sigrZe 2 sm-iT Seamcires, xolo meoris sigrZe 2 sm-iT
gaadides, marTkuTxedis farTobi Semcirda 2 sm2-iT. ra sigrZis iyo
marTkuTxedis meore gverdi.
27 kvadratis erTi gverdis sigrZe Seamcires 3 sm-iT. meore gverdis

sigrZe ki gaadides 4 sm-iT. miRebuli marTkuTxedis sigrZe siganeze
2-jer grZeli aRmoCnda. ipoveT kvadratis gverdis sigrZe.
28 marTkuTxedis erTi gverdis sigrZe 6 sm-iT metia meoreze.

roca ufro grZeli gverdi daamokles 5 sm-iT, miiRes or figuras toldidi
ewodebaT, Tu maTi
marTkuTxedi, romlis farTobi 25 sm2-iT naklebi aRmoCnda
farTobebi tolia.
Tavdapirveli marTkuTxedis fardobze. ipoveT mocemuli
marTkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebi.
29 ABC samkuTxedis perimetri 49 sm-ia. AB gverdis sigrZe BC gverdis sigrZis

3
4
-ia. AC ki 6 sm-iT moklea BC gverdze. ipoveT samkuTxedis gverdebis
sigrZe.
30 1 kg Sokoladi 8 lari Rirs. ra Rirs 1 kg kanfeti, Tu giorgim iyida

5 kg Sokoladi da 6 kg kanfeti da 1 kg asortSi man saSualod 5 lari
gadaixada.
31 5 l gril wyalSi Seuries 10 l 70°-iani wyali. risi toli iyo 5 l wylis
temperatura, Tu narevis temperatura 54° iyo.
32 avtomanqanam A-dan B-mde manZili 40 km/sT siCqariT gaira, xolo

B-dan A-mde 60 km/sT siCqariT. risi tolia avtomanqanis saSualo
siCqare mTel gzaze?
33 maRaziam fabrikidan SeiZina 500 cali Sarvali, TiTo 15 larad. ra

fasad unda gaiyidos TiTo Sarvali, rom mTliani mogeba darCes
1250 lari?
167
III Tavi
34 ipoveT samkuTxedis kuTxeebi, Tu isini Seefardebian
erTmaneTs, rogorc 2:3:4.
35 sam saamqroSi muSaobs 310 adamiani. pirvelSi 1,5-jer meti,

vidre meoreSi da 110-iT naklebi, vidre mesameSi. ramdeni
TanamSromelia TiToeul saamqroSi?
36 navi 6 saaTi moZraobda mdinaris dinebis mimarTulebiT,

Semdeg 4 saaTi dinebis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT. ipoveT
navis sakuTari siCqare, Tu cnobilia, rom mdinaris dinebis
siCqarea 3 km/sT da navis mier gavlili manZili 126 km-is
tolia.
37 A punqtidan B punqtSi velosipedisti moZraobda 10 km/sT

siCqariT, ukan 15 km/sT siCqariT. amis gamo ukana gzaze
daxarja 1 saaTiT naklebi. ipoveT manZili A-dan B-mde.
38 A punqtidan B punqtSi, romelTa Soris manZili 17 km-ia,

gamovida qveiTi 4 km/sT siCqariT. 15 wuTis Semdeg B-dan A-sken
gaemarTa velosipedisti 12 km/sT siCqariT. ra manZili gaiara
Sexvedramde qveiTma da velosipedistma cal-calke?
39 erTi fermeri amuSavebs dReSi 2,5 ha-Ti met miwas, vidre

meore. 8 dRis muSaobis Semdeg pirvelma daamuSava 2 ha-Ti
meti, vidre meorem 10 dReSi. ramden heqtars amuSavebs dReSi
TiToeuli fermeri?
40 erT saaTSi ostati amzadebs 8 detaliT mets, vidre Segirdi.

Segirdma imuSava 6 saaTi, ostatma 8 saaTi. orivem erTad
daamzada 232 detali. ramden detals amzadebs Segirdi 1
saaTSi?
41 a-s ra mniSvnelobebisTvis aqvs (3a–1)(a+2)x=3a–1 gantolebas:

a) arc erTi amonaxsni;
b) erTi amonaxsni;
g) uamravi amonaxsni.
42* amoxseniT gantoleba:

a) 3x+|2x+1|=1; b) |5–2x|–2x=x+3.
43 a-s ra mniSvnelobebisTvis aqvs (2a–1)x=2a2–5a+2 gantolebas:

a) arc erTi amonaxsni;
b) erTi amonaxsni;
g) uamravi amonaxsni.
168
2
1. 7 13 –10 3 =
1
a) –3 13 ; b) –2 2 ; g) 2 13 ; d) 3 13 .
2. (–2)·(–5)·(–3)+(–5)·(–7)=
a) –35; b) –5; g) 5; d) 0.
3. –15:5+25:(–5)=
a) –8; b) –2; g) 5; d) 7.
4. Tu k∈N, maSin (–1)2k+1·(25–3)=

a) 22; b) –22; g) 28; d) -28.
5. Tu k∈N, maSin (–1)2k·(–1)2k–1=

a) 1; b) –1; g) 0; d) pasuxs ver gavcemT.
3 4
6. -`- 5 j - ` 5 : 2j + ( 2) $ ( 1)=
3
a) –2 5 ; b) 2 53 ; g) 3; d) 5.
7. Tu a=3 da b = –7; maSin 2a+3b=

a) 15; b) –15; g) 20; d) 21.
8. ramdeni mTeli arauaryofiTi amonaxsni aqvs –1≤x≤3,5 utolobas?

a) 4; b) 3; g) 2; d) 1.
9. 22 naturaluri ricxvis jamia 23. ras udris maTi namravli?

a) 2; b) 1; g) 22; d) SeuZlebelia dadgena.
10. Tu a, b da c urTierTmomdevno mTeli ricxvebia, maSin Semdegi ricxve-

bidan aucileblad luwia:
a) a+b+c; b) abc; g) a+b+c-1; d) a+b-c.
11. qalaqidan soflamde manZili turistma gaiara cxeniT 6 sT-Si, ukan

dabrunda fexiT da mgzavrobas moandoma 10 sT. ipoveT siCqareebis Se-
fardeba am ori moZraobis dros, Tu CavTvliT, rom moZraoba orive Sem-
TxvevaSi iyo Tanabari.
12. avtomobilis siCqarea 60 km/sT da igi yovel kilometrs gadis avto-

busze naxevari wuTiT ufro swrafad. ipoveT avtobusis siCqare.
169
IV Tavi
1. xarisxis Tvisebebi
1. xarisxis ganmartebis gaTvaliswinebiT,

CawereT gamosaxuleba xarisxis saxiT:
5
a) 2 5·23; b) 0,12·0,13; g) a6·a7; d) 63 .
6
2
2. kubis wibo 1) 3 -is; 2) mn-is tolia.
a) ipoveT kubis moculoba;
b) moculobis miRebuli mniSvneloba warmoadgi-
neT xarisxis saxiT.
3. daakvirdiT 1-el da me-2 amocanaSi miRebul Sedegebs da Seeca-
deT gamoitanoT gonivruli daskvna.
xarisxis ZiriTadi
Tviseba Sesrulde Tviseba 1. nebismieri a ricxvisa da m da n naturaluri ric
ba agreTve sami an xvebisaTvis
meti Tanamamravlis
SemTxvevaSic am · an = am+n (1)
an · am · ak = am+n+k
(1) tolobis dasamtkiceblad gamoviyenoT naturaluri xarisxis
ganmarteba
am = a1 4$4a2
$ ... $ a , an = a $ a $ ... $ a .
44 3 1 44 2 44 3
m - jer n - jer
a · a = a1 4$4a2
m n
$ ... $ a · a $ a $ ... $ a = a $ a $ ... $ a = am+n.
44 3 1 44 2 44 3 1 44 2 44 3
m - jer n - jer m + n - jer
(1) tolobas xarisxis ZiriTadi Tviseba ewodeba.
tolfuZiani xarisxebis gamravlebisas fuZe ucvleli

rCeba, xarisxis maCveneblebi ki ikribeba.
Tviseba 2. nebismieri a≠0 ricxvisaTvis da m da n naturaluri

ricxvebisaTvis, sadac a>0 sruldeba
am : an = am–n
am formulis dasamtkiceblad gamoviyenoT gayofis ganmarteba.

marTlac, xarisxis ZiriTadi Tviseba
am–n · an =
= am–n+n = am
r. d. g.1
e. i. am : an = am–n; m>n.
1
r.d.g. _ Semoklebuli aRniSvnaa `risi damtkicebac gvindoda~
170
tolfuZiani xarisxebis gayofisas fuZe ucvleli rCeba,
xolo gasayofis xarisxis maCvenebels akldeba gamyofis
xarisxis maCvenebeli.
Tu tolfuZiani xarisxebis gayofis Tvisebas gamoviyenebT im

SemTxvevaSic, roca gasayofisa da gamyofis xarisxis maCveneblebi
tolia, miviRebT,
Tu a≠0 an : an = an–n= a0. meores mxriv, an : an = 1. maSasadame, a0 = 1.
00 _ ar ganimarteba
a =1 0
 CawereT xarisxis saxiT:

? a) 3 7·38= ; b) 518·59 = ; g) 711:710 = ; d) 1013:1010 = .
daamtkiceT:
Tviseba 3. nebismieri a da b ricxvebisa da n naturaluri

ricxvisTvis
(ab)n = an · bn
namravlis xarisxi TanamamravlTa xarisxebis namravlis (abc) n = a n b n c n

tolia. (abcd) n =a n b n c n d n
ganvixiloT ` 2 j =
5
| xarisxis ganmarteba
3
= 32 · 32 · 32 · 32 · 32 = | wiladebis gamravleba
2$2$2$2$2 25 | xarisxis ganmarteba

= 3 $ 3 $ 3 $ 3 $ 3 = 35
am magaliTze dayrdnobiT CamovayaliboT kidev erTi Tviseba

(daumtkiceblad).
Tviseba 4. nebismieri a da b≠0 ricxvebisaTvis da n naturaluri

ricxvisTvis n
` a j = an
n

b b
wiladis xarisxi mricxvelisa da mniSvnelis xarisxebis

fardobis tolia.
Tviseba 5. nebismieri a ricxvisa da m da n naturaluri ric

xvebisaTvis
(am)n = amn
171
IV Tavi
marTlac, (am)n = | xarisxis ganmarteba
= a1 44
$ a $ ... $ a =
m m m
4 2 44 43 | xarisxis ZiriTadi Tviseba
n - jer
m + m + ... + m
1 444 2 444 3
=a = amn
n - jer
r. d. g. | namravlis ganmarteba
magaliTad, (2 3)5=215.
xarisxis axarisxebisas fuZe ucvleli rCeba, xarisxis maCvene-

blebi ki mravldeba.
?  a) 303 = ? ; b) ` 43 j = ? ;
3
g) 2 5·55 = ? ; d) (72)3 = ? .
magaliTi 1.
warmoadgineT xarisxis saxiT: a) c 3c2(c3)4; b) m9:m7.
amoxsna:
a) c 3 c2 (c3)4 = c 5 · c12 = c17; b) m9 : m7 = m9–7 = m2.
magaliTi 2.
aaxarisxeT: a) (2ab)3; b) –(–3xyz)4.
amoxsna:
a) (2ab)3 = 23a3b3 = 8a3b3.
b) –(–3xyz)4 = –(–3)4 x4 y4 z4 = –81x4 y4 z4.
magaliTi 3.
^92h3 $ 3 7 2 3
gamoiangariSeT: a) 6 ; b) 142 $ 8 2 .
27 49 $ 16
amoxsna:
^92h3 $ 3 7
a) 276
= | TiToeuli xarisxi warmovadginoT 3-is fuZiT
6 7 ^32h6 $ 3 7 12 7 19
= 927$ 36 = ^ 3h6 = 3 318$ 3 = 3318 = 3.
3
2
14 $ 8 3 TiToeuli xarisxis fuZe davSaloT
b) 49 2
$ 162
= martiv mamravlebad
^2 $ 7h2 $ ^23h3 22 $ 72 $ 2 9 23 = 8
= ^ 4h2 ^ 2h2 8
2 $7 4
72 49
.
2 7
bolo cifri 2 4 8 6 magaliTi 4*.

2 1
2 2
2 3
2 4
daamtkiceT, rom 24k+1, sadac k∈N, bolovdeba
2 5
2 6
2 7
2 8
2-iT.
xarisxi
2 9
210
2 11
212 amoxsna:
...... ...... ...... ...... 24k+1 = 24k · 2 = (24)k · 2 = (16)k · 2.
24k+1 24k+2 24k+3 24k+4 ricxvi 16k dabolovdeba 6-iT. amitom ricxvi
...... ...... ...... ...... 16k · 2 dabolovdeba 2-iT.
172
1. ra cifriT bolovdeba 24k+2; 24k+3; 24k+4, k∈N saxis ricxvebi?

2. ganixileT 3-is, 4-is, 7-is, 8-is, 9-is xarisxebi. gaiTvaliswineT
me-4 magaliTis msjeloba da gamoTqviT, rogor gavarkvioT ra
cifriT bolovdeba ricxvis naturaluri xarisxi.

1. ori xarisxis namravli SesaZlebelia xarisxis saxiT CavweroT,
Tu tolia am xarisxebis ? an ? .
2. tolfuZiani xarisxebis gamravlebisas ? ucvleli rCeba,
xarisxis maCveneblebi ki ? .
3. ori xarisxi toli maCveneblebiT rom gadavamravloT, saWiroa
fuZeebi ? , maCvenebeli ki ? .
4. xarisxis axarisxebisas ? ucvleli rCeba, xarisxis maCveneblebi
ki ? .
?
5. Tu n>5, maSin a n:a5=a . 6. 186 : 96= ? .
savarjiSoebi:
1 namravli warmoadgineT xarisxis saxiT:
a) x6·x7; b) y·y14·y3; g) p3·p12; d) 26·27·23;
e) 53·58; v) 74·74·73·7; z) (–m)5·(–m)2; T) (–3)2·(–3)9·(–3);
i) aa 2a3a4; k) 102104106108; l) x2x7x; m) (–6)4(–6)1(–6)0.
n) m9·m·m13; o) (–5)3(–5)(–5)21; p) (–10)18(–10)11; J) (–1)7(–1)8(–1)5.
2 warmoadgineT namravlis saxiT, sadac erT-erTi Tanamamravlia

x3:
a) x5 ; b) x10 ; g) x18 ; d) x12 .
3 warmoadgineT xarisxis saxiT:

e) 0,00032· ` 15 j .
2
a) 57·25; b) 615·36; g) 0,45·0,16; d) 1015:109;

a) a3:a2; b) m5:m; g) (–4)4:(–4)3; d) x25:x16; e) (0,3)18:(0,3)17;
v) (–10)15:(–10)14; z) 1012:109; T) (–1)17:(–1)11; i) (–1)18:(–1)5;
`- 2 1 j `- 5 2 j
7 8
k) `- 2 j :`- 2 j ;
5 4
l) `1 1 j :`1 1 j ;
8 3
m) 3 ; n) 9 .
7 7 3 3 1
`- 2 j
3
2
`- 5 j
3
3 9
b) ((––0, 3) 5 $ (–0, 3) 4 1020 $ 108 ;

5 7
a) 338 $$ 332 ; 0, 3) 5 $ (–0, 3) 4
; g) 1016
$ 1018
n n+1
d) x x$ x2n ;
k
e) ka-$3 a 4 ;
k
v) mn $ m3 .
a $a m $m
173
IV Tavi
6 aaxarisxeT:
a) (ab)4; b) (–mnk)3; g) (2xy)3; d) (–10mb)2; e) (x4)3;
v) (a2)m; z) (–x3)4; T) (–a4)3; i) (–a)3; k) (–0,1m)2;
l) (abc)5; m) (–mn)4; n) (–a2x)3; o) (–a2)3; p) (–x3)22;
J) (4x4)3; r) ` 3 j ; s) `1 1 j ; t) `- 3 j ; u) `2 13 j .
3 4 3
5 2 4
7 namravli warmoadgineT xarisxis saxiT:
a) b3m3; b) (–m)3 n3; g) 0,0016a2; d) (–a)4 b4; e)64x3;
v) 26·56; z) 43·253; T) 0,25·505; i) 24·54; k) 43·56;
n) ` 57 j ·1,410; o) 16 p) ` 23 j ·1,57.
10 7
l) 0,26·507; m) 0,530·415; 81
y4;
8 ipoveT gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi:

25 ^23h4 ^58h2 $ 5 7 44 $ ^23h2 0, 612 7 9 $ 715 .
a) ; b) ; g) ^82h2
; d) 4 5 ; e)
213 5 22
0, 6 $ 0, 6 725
9 romelia meti?
a) 69 Tu 29·310; b) 1511 Tu 510·312.
10 cvladis ra mniSvnelobisaTvisaa toli ricxvebi:

a) –x 2 da (–x) 2; b) –x 3 da (–x) 3; g) (–2a) 4 da –(2a) 4;
d) 2a 4 da (2a) 4; e) (–2a) 5 da –(2a) 5; v) (2a) 2 da 4a 2.
11 gamoTvaleT:
a) 15; b) (–1)6; g) (–1)3; d) 17;
e) 0101; v) 115·02; z) (–1)5·16; T) 17(–1)4·03·19.
12 a) (–1)10+012+145; b) 012+141+(–1)11;
g) (–1)6+(–1)7–08; d) 0502–114+113+(–1)2.
13 a) (–1)4+(–1)3+(–1)2+(–1); b) (–1)7+18+015+119+(–1)4.
14 a) (–1)+(–1)2+(–1)3+(–1)4+ ... +(–1)2014;

b) (–1)+(–1)2+(–1)3+(–1)4+ ... +(–1)2015.
15 ipoveT n+k, Tu:

a) 2n=1024; 3k=81; b) 7n=49; 5k=625.
a) x5=32; b) –2x3=250; g) x3=216; g) 5x5=–160.
17 gamoTvaleT:
a) 2·3 –5·3 b) 108·6 3–108·6

20 19 7 6
; ;
9
9 216 –364
g) (3·2 +7·24 2 )52 ; d) (314 +312 )·2 .

20 19 15 13 9

(13·8 ) (3 +3 )1024
18 a) 25 ·146 ; b) 122·354 ; g) 364·153 ; d) 22 ·3 .

3 2 2 3 3 2 4 3
49·10 28 ·15 18 ·10 2

6 ·121
2
174
a) 2 x =4 20 ; b) 5·25 =7 13 ; g) 4 ·33 =216; d) 2 7·257 =1000.
2x+1 x x 2x 2x x

3 27 24x
16 6 2 ·5
20* ipoveT a da b ricxvebis saSualo:

a) a= 2120 , b= 2119 ; b) a= 1218 , b= 1217 .
40 39 36 35

63 63 36 36
21 x-is ra mniSvnelobebisTvisaa WeSmariti toloba:

(1) (7)
x x+5
a) 2 x=1; b) 5 x–1=1; g) 3 =1; d) 9 =1.
22 x-is ra mniSvnelobebisTvisaa ar aqvs azri gamosaxulebas:

a) (x–2) 0; b) (2x+4) 0; g) (x 2–9) 0;
( )
0
d) (4x 2–25) 0. e) 2x+1 – 3x+2 ; v) (0,7x 2–0,028) 0.
3 4
23* amoxseniT gantolebebi:

a) 3x–1 + 6x+1 =(3x–1) 0; b) x 2–3=(2x 2–5x+2) 0.
5 3
24 CamoTvlili winadadebebidan romelia WeSmariti?

a) gamosaxuleba (–a)3 dadebiTia a-s nebismieri mniSvnelobisTvis.
b) gamosaxuleba (–a)3 uaryofiTia a-s nebismieri mniSvnelo
bisTvis.
g) gamosaxuleba (–a)2 dadebiTia a-s nebismieri mniSvnelobisTvis.
d) gamosaxuleba (–a)2 arauaryofiTia a-s nebismieri mniSvnelo
bisTvis.
3 4 5 4 4 3
a) (–a2)a5; b) (a3b) (–a) ; g) (x5) (–x3) ; d) –(a2) (ab) .
26 a mTeli ricxvia, WeSmaritia Tu ara: g

a) a dadebiTia; b) a+2 luwia; g) 2a+1 kentia;
d) a(a+1) mTelia; e) 3a>a; v) 2a–1<2a.
2
27 a da b-s ra mniSvnelobebisTvis aris samarTliani:

1 1
a) a= a ; b) a=– a ; g) ab≥0; d) ab≤0; e) ab<0.
28 avtomobilma 200 m 12 wm-Si gaiara. gamosaxeT avtomobilis siC-

qare km/sT-ebSi.
29 ramdeni procentiT gaizrdeba marTkuTxedis formis miwis na

kveTis farTobi, Tu sigrZe gaizrdeba 20%, xolo sigane 15%-iT.
175
IV Tavi
2. erTwevri. erTwevrebis
gamravleba da axarisxeba
1. 1-li nax.-is mixedviT axseniT b
3b·4a = 12ab. b
b
nax. 1
a a a a
2. nax.2-is mixedviT dawereT didi marTkuTxa para-

lelepipedis moculobis gamosaTvleli formula.
ramdenjer metia didi paralelepipedis mocu
loba patara paralelepipedis moculobaze?
nax. 2
gamosaxulebebi x, 3, 4a, m4, 7x2y, 2,6k·2n·3m ricxvebis cvladebis

an maTi xarisxebis namravlia. aseT gamosaxulebebs erT
wevrebi ewodebaT.
 SeasruleT moqmedeba: a) (–5a 3bc)·(6ab3); b) (–2a2b)3.

?  romeli Tvisebebi gamoiyeneT moqmedebis Sesasruleblad?
ganxiluli magaliTebis safuZvelze, albaT, darwmundiT, rom
erTwevrebis namravlic da erTwevris naturaluri xarisxic er-
sasurvelia, erTwev
Twevria.
ris CanawerSi pirvel
adgilze ricxvi erTwevrs, romlis pirveli mamravli ricxvia, xolo yvela sxva
eweros Tanamamravli gansxvavebuli cvladebis xarisxebia, standartuli
saxis erTwevri ewodeba. magaliTad, 8x3; 5x3y; –7; 2ab – standartuli
asoiTi gamosaxuleba
saxis erTwevrebia.
2a3 · 3 · ya = 6a4y

–3 a2 b
ar aris standartuli standartuli saxis

saxis erTwevri. erTwevria.
erTwevris koeficienti
erTwevris standartul saxeSi ricxviT Tanamamravls erT
wevris koeficienti ewodeba, xolo cvladebsa da maT
xarisxebs _ asoiTi gamosaxuleba.
erTwevris asoiT gamosaxulebaSi Semavali cvladebis

x2 = 1 · x2 xarisxis maCvenebelTa jams erTwevris xarisxi ewodeba.
–y = (–1) · y
magaliTad, 10 ab2 c3 me-6 xarisxis erTwevria. 1 + 2 + 3 = 6.
Tu erTwevri asoiT gamosaxulebas ar Seicavs, maSin misi

5=5·a0 xarisxi 0-is tolia.
magaliTad, ricxvi 5 nulovani xarisxis erTwevria.
176
magaliTi.
miiyvaneT standartul saxemde:
b) –4x3 `- 23 xy2j .
3
a) 2ab2·(–5ax)·(–3a3x3);
amoxsna:
a) 2ab2·(–5ax)·(–3a3x3)=2·(–5)(–3)a· a· a3·b2·x·x3= 30a5b2x4.
b) –4x3 `- 23 xy2j =–4x3 `- 23 j x3(y2)3=–4· `- 27 j x3x3 y6=13 1 x6 y6.

3 3
8 2
savarjiSoebi:
1 mocemuli erTwevrebi CawereT standartuli saxiT da daasax-

eleT misi koeficineti:
a) 8a2 · a; b) 2 m2n · 4,5n3; g) –6x2·0,8x;
3
d) 1,2xyz·(5z); e) 3ab(–1,7)b; v) 2 13 a2b· `- 37 j .
2 ipoveT erTwevris xarisxi:

a) –7x2y; b) –2(ab2)3(–3)c2; g) 5x3(yz2)3;
d) mn k ;
2 5
e) 3xy; v) –4ab3.
g) 3x2y ` 13 xy2j ;
3
a) –9ab2 · 3a3 · (–4b); b) 3mn·m2·0,1n3;
d) 2,7·0,1m2; e) xy(–2x2y)3xc; v) –4xy(xy2)(xy3).
z) (–2a2b)2(–3ab)3(ab2)4; T) a2x3b(–0,6axb2)(0,6a2b)0.
4 warmoadgineT erTwevris kvadratis saxiT:

a) 81a4; b) 25 a4x4z8; g) 0,09y12; d) 0,0025m6n10.
36
5 warmoadgineT ori standartuli saxis erTwevris namravlis
saxiT: a) –12x4y3; b) 32mn2; g) –36a3b2c; d) ab2cde.
6 daasaxeleT naturalur ricxvTa simravlis ori usasrulo g

qvesimravle.
7 ra cifriT bolovdeba: a ) 321; b) 738; g) 731.
8 ratom ar arsebobs ricxvi, romlis 15-ze gayofisas naSTia 6, xolo
24-ze gayofisas naSTia 4?
9 A iyos 12–is naturalur gamyofTa simravle, B – 30–is
naturalur gamyofTa simravle. ipoveT: a) A B; b) A∩B.
177
IV Tavi
3. mravalwevri
1. a) dawereT nax.1-ze mocemuli figuris farTobis gamosaTv-
leli gamosaxuleba.
b)ipoveT miRebuli f arTobis mniSvneloba, Tu b=3 sm da a=2 sm.
ramdenime erTwevris jams mravalwevri ewodeba.

nax.1
5a3b–3ab+2c–1, 3x2–2, x4–7 mravalwevrebia.
mravalwevrs misi wevrebis raodenobis mixedviT erTwevri,
orwevri, samwevri da a. S. hqvia.
5x2 2a–x2 7ab–b2+5a

erTwevri orwevri samwevri
3a2b + 7b + 1 – 2a2b – 4 – 2b + 5a mravalwevrSi wevrebs 3a2b da –2a2b, 7b da

–2b asoiTi gamosaxuleba erTi da igive aqvT, maT msgavs wevrebs
uwodeben.
msgavsi wevrebi rom SevkriboT, saWiroa SevkriboT maTi

koeficientebi, xolo asoiTi gamosaxuleba igive davtovoT.
msgavsi wevrebis Sekrebas msgavsi wevrebis SeerTebas vu
wodebT.
gamoviyenoT gadanacvlebadobis
3a2b + 7b + 1 – 2a2b – 4 – 2b + 5a = da jufTebadobis Tvisebebi.
= 3a2b – 2a2b + 7b – 2b + 1 – 4 + 5a = SevaerToT msgavsi wevrebi.
= (3–2)a b+(7–2)b+5a–3 =
2
= a2b++5b+5a–3.
3x2y – 3x2y = 0 miRebul mravalwevrSi yvela wevri standartuli saxis erTwevria
da ar Seicavs msgavs wevrebs. aseT mravalwevrs standartuli saxis
gabaTileba mravalwevri ewodeba.
magaliTad, x2y2–2xy+2y2–4 _ standartuli saxis mravalwevria. masSi
Semavali erTwevrebis xarisxebia:
x2y2-is 2 + 2 = 4;
–2xy-is 1 + 1 = 2;
2y2-is 2;
–4-is 0.
am ricxvebs Soris udidess, 4-s, mravalwevris xarisxi ewodeba.
standartuli saxis mravalwevris xarisxi ewodeba masSi
Semavali erTwevrebis xarisxebs Soris udidess.
 gamoiyeneT frCxilebis gaxsnis wesi da ipoveT:

? a) (3x+2xy–7)+(2x–0,5xy+1) jami; b) (2a–5ab+6a2)–(3ab–2a) sxvaoba.
178
mravalwevrebi rom SevkriboT, saWiroa SevkriboT maTSi
Semavali yvela wevri. –(2a–3b)=
= –2a+3b
mravalwevrs rom mravalwevri gamovakloT, saWiroa
saklebis wevrebs davumatoT maklebis yvela wevri,
aRebuli mopirdapire niSniT.
amrigad, mravalwevrebis jamica da sxvaobac isev mravalwevria.
magaliTi.
SeasruleT moqmedebani da ipoveT mravalwevris xarisxi:
a) (m2–m+2)+(m–m2–2); b) (x2a2+xa–2)–(–2x2a2–ax+2).
amoxsna:
a) (m2–m+2)+(m–m2–2)= m2 – m2 – m + m +2 – 2 = 0.
miviReT nulovani xarisxis mravalwevri.
b) (x2a2 + xa – 2) – (–2x2a2 – ax + 2) = x2a2 + xa – 2 + 2x2a2 + ax– 2 = x2a2 + 2x2a2 +
+ xa + ax – 2– 2 = 2x2a2 + 2xa –4.
miviReT me-4 xarisxis mravalwevri.
savarjiSoebi:
1 warmoadgineT mravalwevri standartuli saxiT da daadgineT
misi xarisxi:
a) 3a – 4ab – 5ab; b) –a4 + 2a2 – a4 + 8a2 – 3a2 + 2a4;
g) 2a2 – ax3 – a4 – a2x3 + ax3; d) 2a·a2 + a2 – 3a2 + a3 – a.
e) 3a·4b – 0,8b·5b – 4ab·3b + b·4b – 1.
2 2 2
2 CawereT mravalwevri wevrebis xarisxebis klebis mixedviT:

a) x4 – 5 – x2 + 12x; b) –15ax + 2a2x – 4a2x2 + 7a3x3y – 20q;
g) 2y + y – y + 1;
3 2
d) 2abcd – 2q2b + 3a2b3 – 5a3b3c2.
a) 15a–12b–(a–3b)–(9a+6b); b) 8x+5+(3x–9)–(7–9x);
g) (a –2a+1)+(3a –5)–(1–2a);
2 2
d) (xy 2–2xy)+(2xy–x)–(xy2+5x).
e) 8x2 + (4,5 – x2) – (5,4x2 – 1); v) (7,3y – y2 + 4) + 0,5y2 – (8,7y – 2,4y2).
z) 6xy – 2x2 – (3xy + 3x2 + 1) – (–xy – 2x2 – 1);
T) –(2ab2 – ab + b) + 3ab2 – 4b – (5ab – ab2).
4 daamtkiceT, rom mravalwevris mniSvneloba ar aris damokide-
buli cvladis mniSvnelobaze:
a) (x–y)+(y–z)+(8–x)–(7–z); b) 1,7 – 10b2 – (1 – 3b2) + (2,3 + 7b2).
5 warmoadgineT mravalwevri romelime ori orwevris jamad:
a) 3x3 – 2x2 – x + 7; g) 4ab + 3a –2;
b) –5z + 4z + 3z – 2z;
4 3 2
d) 5a3b.
a) (23 + 3x) + (8x – 41) = 15; b) 8x – 3 – (5 – 2x) = 4,3;
g) (19 + 2x) – (5x – 11) = 25; d) 0,5x – 1 – (2x + 4) = x;
e) –8x + (4 + 3x) = 10 – x; v) 4,2y + 0,8 = 6,2y – (1,1y + 0,8) + 1,2.
179
IV Tavi
7 CawereT mravalwevris saxiT ricxvi, romelic Sedgeba:
a) a aTeulisa da b erTeulisagan;
b) a aseulis, b aTeulisa da c erTeulsagan;
756 = 7·100 + 5·10 + 6 g) a aTaseulisa da b erTeulisagan;
d) a aTaseulis, b aseulis, c aTeulis da d erTeulisagan.
8 gaamartiveT gamosaxuleba da ipoveT misi mniSvneloba:

a) (a2 – 5ab) – (7 – 2ab) + (ab – a2), Tu a=0,1, b=–2.
3
b) 1 – x2 – (3x – 2x2) + (1 + 4x –x2), Tu x= 25 ;
g) (5a–b2)+(2ab–5)–(2ab–b2), Tu a=–3,5.
9 gamosaxuleba warmoadgineT erTwevris da samwevris sxvaobis saxiT:

a) x3 + 2x2 + 3x – 5; b) 4xy – 2x2; g) 3a4 + 2a3 + 5a2 – 4.
10 2x–1 da –2x+1 mopirdapire gamosaxulebaa.

dawereT: a) 3x2–5x–1; b) 2x+1; g) –5x+1
gamosaxulebis mopirdapire gamosaxuleba.
x x2 + 1 –2x + 3 x2 – 2x + 4 11 gadaixazeT rveulSi da SeavseT cxrili. cxrilis mixedviT
–2 aCveneT, rom ori mravalwevris jamis mniSvneloba x-is
–1 mocemuli mniSvnelobisTvis am mravalwevrebis mniSvn-
0 elobaTa jamis tolia.
1
12 k=5a3+4a2b+8ab2–24b3; l=7a3–13a2b–4ab2+17b3;
2
m=–12a 3+9a 2b–4ab 2+15b 3.
SeadgineT gamosaxuleba da miiYyvaneT standartul saxemde:
a) k+l+m; b) l+k–m; g) m–l–k; d) l–k+m.
13* ax+by+cz mravalwevris mniSvneloba tolia 2,5, Tu x=1; y=2; z=–3.

ipoveT ax+by–cz mravalwevris mniSvneloba, roca x= 1 ; y= 1 ; z= 1 .
24 12 8
14* ipoveT p(x) mravalwevri, Tu Semdegi oTxi winadadebidan sami
WeSmaritia, xolo erTi mcdari:
1) p(x)=x 3+2x an p(x)=5x–2; 2) p(1)=3; p(–2)=–12;
3) p(x) mravalwevris koeficientebis jami 3-is tolia;
4) p(x) mesame xarisxis mravalwevria.
15* ipoveT p(x) mravalwevri, Tu

a) p(x–2)=2x+5; b) p(x+3)=8x–7.
g 16 SeadareT:

a) 107 da 28·57;
b) 612 da 213·311;
g) 2525 da 250·350;
d) 6330 da 360·530.
17 A-Ti aRvniSnoT inglisis nakrebis gulSematkivarTa simravle. B-Ti

– braziliis nakrebis gulSematkivarTa simravle. C – Wkvian ada-
mianTa simravle. CawereT , da ⊂ simboloebis gamoyenebiT Semdegi
winadadebebi: a) is, vinc inglisis nakrebis gulSematkivaria, Wkviania;
b) yvela Wkviani adamiani – braziliis nakrebis gulSematkivaria;
g) inglisis nakrebis arcerTi gulSematkivari ar aris braziliis na-
krebis gulSematkivari; d) yvela Wkviani adamiani an inglisis nakrebs
180 gulSematkivrobs, an braziliis.
4. erTwevrisa da
mravalwevris namravli
B C
Q L
x
y
E F K
N
3x
3y
A D M P
2x 2x
nax. 1 nax. 2
1. dawereT: a) ABCD marTkuTxedis farTobis gamosaTvleli

gamosaxuleba (nax. 1).
b) MNKP marTkuTxedis farTobis gamosaTvleli gamosaxuleba
(nax. 2).
maTematikis sxvadasxva tipis amocanebis amoxsnisas, xSirad gvWir

deba erTwevris gamravleba mravalwevrze. vTqvaT 5x erTwevri a(b + c – d ) =
unda gavamravloT a) (2x+3y) mravalwevrze, b) (2x–3y) mravalwevrze. = ab + ac – ad
gavixsenoT gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanoni.
a(b+c)=ab+ac, a(b–c)=ab–ac, sadac a,b da c-s nacvlad SegviZlia CavsvaT –a(b – c + d ) =

nebismieri gamosaxuleba, vTqvaT, a = 5x; b = 2x da c = 3y. = ac – ab – ad
a) 5x(2x + 3y) = 5x·2x + 5x·3y = 10x2 + 15xy.
a ( b + c ) = a · b + a · c
b) 5x (2x–3y) = 5x·2x – 5x·3y = 10x2 – 15xy.
a ( b + c ) = a · b + a · c
rogorc vxedavT, erTwevris mravalwevrze gamravlebis Semdeg

miiReba mravalwevri.
erTwevri rom gavamravloT mravalwevrze, amisaTvis

erTwevri unda gavamrav loT mravalwevris TiToeul
wevrze da miRebuli erTwevrebi SevkriboT.
181
IV Tavi
ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi.
magaliTi 1.
warmoadgineT mravalwevris saxiT 5x2y(3x – 4y).
amoxsna: 5x2y(3x – 4y) = 5x2y·3x – 5x2y·4y = 15x3y –20x2y2.
magaliTi 2.
amoxseniT gantoleba 2x(1 + x) – 4(3 – x) = 2x2 + 6.
amoxsna: 2x(1 + x) – 4(3 – x) = 2x2 + 6 ⇔
⇔ (2x + 2x2 – 12 + 4x = 2x2 + 6) ⇔
⇔ (2x2 + 6x – 2x2 + = 6 + 12) ⇔
⇔ (6x = 18) ⇔
⇔ (x = 3)
savarjiSoebi:
1 warmoadgineT jamis saxiT:
a) 2(a + b); g) (x – 2)·7; e) 2,5(e – f);
3
b) 8(3a – 2b); d) (5a – 7b)· 35 ; v) 9(10x – 5y + 1).
2 warmoadgineT mravalwevris saxiT:

a) a(x – y); g) (3c – 2d)· 13 t; e) 5x(3x2 – 2x – 1);
b) b(5x – 8y); d) e(5u – 8a + 6c); v) 5t (15a – 20t + 25x).

a) –2(x2 – y); g) –a(b – c – 2); e) –9z;
b) (y – 9z)· `- 23 j ; d) (u – uv + w)·(–u); v) –10a2b(–20a–7b).
4 SeasruleT gamravleba:
a) `- 23 j ·(a – b)· `- 13 j ; g) [–(–p + r)]·(–r);
b) 5(x – y)·a2; d) (–4t)(3t–2)·(–3t2).
a) 3x + 4(1 – x); g) (3x – 5y)·4 – 6(2y – 3x);
b) 8(a – b)–(7a – 8b); d) 5a(8a – 4b) – 8a(5a – 2b).
a) 2a – 6(2b – 3a) + 4(3b – 5a); g) –3m2n(m – 1) – 4m3(n + m);
1
b) 3x(2y – x) – (4y – x)·y – 7xy; d) 13 (6x – 21) + 7 (42 – 7x) – 2(3 – x).
a) 3ab(a – c) – bc(2b – 3a) – (3a – 2c)b2 + 3ab2;
b) x(5 + x(2 – x) – 2(x – 3(1 – x))) + x2(x + 6).
182
4. erTwevrisa da mravalwevris namravli
8 mocemuli tolobebidan romelia WeSmariti?

a) a(b – x + y – d) = ay – ad + ab – ax;
b) –x(–y –z –t + 1)= –x + xy + xt + xt;
g) 2a(5a – 10b + 3c – 2d) = 6ac – 20ab – 10a2 + 4ad;
d) –6x2y(x + yz – 1) = 6x2yz + 6x2y – 6x2y2.
9 daamtkiceT, rom gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba ar aris damokidebuli

cvladis mniSvnelobaze:
a) x(2x + 1) – x2(x + 2) + (x3 – x + 3);
b) y(3y2 – y + 5) – (2y3 + 3y – 16) – y(y2 – y + 2);
g) a(b – c) + b(c – a) + c(a – b);
d) a(b + c – bc) – b(c + a – ac) + c(b – a).

a) 3(2x – 1) + 5(3 – x), Tu x = –1,5;
b) 12(2 – 3p) + 35 – 9(p+1), Tu p = 2;
g) –2x(x2 – x + 3) + x(2x2 + x – 5), Tu x = –3;
d) x(x – y) – y(y2 – x), Tu x = 4, y = 2;
1
e) 5x(2x – 6y) – 2,5x(4x – 2y), Tu x = 8, y = 25 ;
v) 5a(a – 4b) – 4b(b – 5a), Tu a = –0,6, b = –0,5.
11 vTqvaT a=3x 2+4x–8, b=2x 2–7x+12, c=5x 2+3x–27.

SeadgineT mravalwevri, miiyvaneT standartul saxemde (x-is
xarisxebis klebis mixedviT):
a) 2a+3c–4b; b) 7ax–12xb+15xc+4;
g) 72xa–4b+3xc+4; d) 0,1x 2a+0,5xc–0,6x 3b–17.
12 vTqvaT x=3a 2+4, y=12a–13, z=a 2–a+1, k=5a 3; l=12a 2; m=4a.

qvemoT mocemuli pirobebiT SeadgineT gamosaxuleba,
gardaqmeniT standartul saxemde (a-s xarisxebis klebis
mixedviT):
a) 2x+ky–lz; b) kx+ly–mz; g) lx–3my; d) mx–lz+4kx–14.
a) 2x+x(3–(x+1))=x(2–x)+12;
b) x 2(5x+3)–6x(x 2–4)=3x(8+x);
g) x(12–x)–5=4x–x(10–(3–x));
D d) x(4x–11)–7x(x–1)=–2x ( (x+2)+1 ) .
14 gaamartiveT gamosaxuleba: g
a) 6n+3 : 6n; b) (–1)n·(–1)n; g) 10n+1
: 10 ;
n–1
d) (–1) :(–1) .
2n 3
15 WeSmaritia Tu ara Semdegi gamonaTqvamebi?

a) Tu a c da b c, maSin (ab) c; b) Tu (ab) c, maSin a c da b c;
g) Tu a c da b c, maSin (a+b) c; d) Tu (a+b) c, maSin a c da b c.
183
IV Tavi
5. mravalwevrebis namravli
2m n 1. dawereT ABCD marTkuTxedis farTobis ga-

B C
n a b mosaTvleli gamosaxuleba (nax. 1) ori xerxiT.
daakvirdiT miRebul Sedegs da gamoitaneT
gonivruli daskvna.
m
A D
nax. 1
wina paragrafSi aRvniSneT, rom c(a + b) = ca + cb tolobaSi a, b da

c-s nacvlad SegviZlia CavsvaT nebismieri gamosaxuleba. davuSvaT
c = m + n, maSin miviRebT
(m + n)(a + b) = (m + n)a + (m + n)a = am + an + bm + bn
c (a + b ) = c · a + c · b

mravalwevrebis gamravlebisas SegviZlia Semdegi wesiT visarge-
bloT:
ori mravalwevri rom erTmaneTze gadavamravloT, pirveli

mravalwevris TiToeuli wevri unda gavamravloT meore
mravalwevris TiToeul wevrze da miRebuli erTwevrebi
SevkriboT.
(m + n)(a + b) = am + bm + an + bn.
mravalwevris mravalwevrze namravli kvlav mravalwevria.

ganvixiloT ramdenime magaliTi.
a ricxvi 7-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZlevs 3-s, b ricxvi ki – 5-s.

ras udris ab namravlis 7-ze gayofiT miRebuli naSTi.
magaliTi 1.
SeasruleT gamravleba (2x + 3y)(3x + 5y).
amoxsna:
(2x + 3y)(3x + 5y) = 2x·3x + 2x·5y + 3y·3x + 3y·5y =
= 6x2 + 10xy + 9xy + 15y2 = 6x2 + 19xy + 15y2.
184
magaliTi 2.
warmoadgineT mravalwevris saxiT (5x2 – 4x)(x + 1).
amoxsna:
(5x2 – 4x)(x + 1)= 5x3 + 5x2 – 4x2 – 4x = 5x3 + x2 – 4x.
savarjiSoebi:
1 gadaamravleT:
a) (n + 3)(n + 2); b) (x + 5)(x + 3); g) (2x + 4)(3x + 1);
d) (2y + 7)(y – 1); e) (7k – 1)(k + 3); v) (x – 5)(3x – 7);
z) (a – 3)(3a – 5); T) (b – 7)(5b + 1); i) (2x + 1)(2x + 1);
k) (5y – 2)(5y – 2); l) (3x – 1)(8x + 1); m) (4m – 3)(4m + 3).
2 gamosaxuleba warmoadgineT jamis saxiT:

a) (u–v)(x–y); b) (2x+1,3)(3x–2,4); g) (5k+0,4)(k–3,9);
d) (m–n)(k–q); e) (3mn–2p)(5mn+6p); v) (5x+7)(3x–2);
z) (2a–3b)(4a+5b); T) (–5xy–1)(–3xy+y); i) (–4mn–2a)(mn+a);
1 +1
k) (a–8) à + 12 j ; l) 5a - 2 e 4 ; m) ` 13 a - 14 x ` 13 + 14 .

a) (a2b – c)(ab + c2); b) (3ax – 5by)(4ay – 5bx);
g) (7ab – 8)(8ab – 1); d) (–2x2y – z)(–2x2y + z).

a) 5(2x – y)(3x + y); b) 12(–m – n)(–m + 2n); g) –5(x – 2z)(x + z);
d) –3(8a – 1)(1 – 2a); e) 12 à - 13 jà - 14 j ; v) – 1 (2k + 1)(3k – 1).
6
a) (a + b)(c + d + e); b) (2s + 9)(–s2 + 3s – 1); g) (3x – 2y + t)(5x – 1);
d) (x + y)(x – y – 1); e) (a + b + c)(a + b – c); v) (5x – 4y + 1) (5x – 4y – 1).
a) (x + 1)(x + 3) – x2; b) (2y + b)(y – 2b) + y(y – 3e) – (y – e)·y;
g) (3a+4)(3a–1)+(2a–5)(8+4a); d) (x + 1)(6x + 1) – 3(3 – x)(2x – 1);
e) (x+y–1)(y+1)+ (x–y+1)(y–1); v) (2a+5x–3)(x–2a)–(4a–x–1)(5x+4a).

a) (a – 1)(a + 1)(a + 2); b) (2a + e)(2a – e)(a – e);
g) (5x–y)(x+y)(x–3y); d) (x+1)(x+2)(x+3)(x+4).
8 mocemuli tolobebidan romelia WeSmariti?

a) (a – b)(c – d) = ab – bc + ad – bd;
b) (x + y + z)(a – b) = xa – zb + az – yb + ya – xb;
g) (2a + 3b – 1)(a – x) = –2ax + 3ab – a +x 2a2 – 3bx;
d) (m – n – k)(–x – y) = mx + ny + nx + ny – kx – ky.
185
IV Tavi
9 daamtkiceT, rom p(x) gamosaxuleba x-is nebismier mniSvnelo-
bisTvis iRebs erTsa da imave mniSvnelobas:
a) p(x)=(2x+1)(4x 2–2x+1)–8x 3; b) p(x)=27x 3–(3x–2)(9x 2+6x+4).
10 daamtkiceT, rom p(x;y) gamosaxuleba cvladebis nebismieri

mniSvnelobebisTvis iRebs dadebiT mniSvnelobebs:
a) p(x;y)=(xy+3)(2xy–4)–2(xy–7);
b) p(x;y)=(2x 2–y)(3x+y 2)+3(xy+2)+y 3–6x 3.
a) 12x 2–(4x–3)(3x+1)=–2; b) (x+1)(x+2)–(x+3)(x+4)=0;
g) 10x 2–(2x–3)(5x–1)=31; d) (x–2)(x–3)–(x+2)(x–5)=0.
12* h(x) mravalwevris standartul saxemde miyvanis gareSe.

ipoveT misi xarisxi, ufrosi koeficienti, Tavisufali
wevri da koeficientebis jami:
a) h(x)=p(x)·q(x), sadac p(x)=2x 5+x 4–3x 3+2x 2+2;
q(x)=x 7–3x 5+2x 3;
b) h(x)=(p(x)) 2·(q(x)) 3, sadac p(x)=2x 2–5x+1; q(x)=x 2–3x–2.
13* n -is romeli naturaluri mniSvnelobebisTvis sruldeba

toloba:
a) (2 n–1)(4 n+2 n+1)=511; b) (2 n–1)(16 n+8 n+4 n+2 n+1)=31;
g) (3 n+2)(9 n–2·3 n+4)=737; d) (3 n+1)(81 n–27 n+9 n–3 n+1)=82.
g 14 i poveT M mravalwevris saxe, Tu

a) x3+2x2+x+2=(x2+1)·M; b) x3–3x2–2x+6=(x2–2)·M.
15 cnobilia, rom x – y = 13 . ipoveT:

a) y – x; b) (y – x)2; g) (x – y)3;
d) 1 ; e) (x – y)2; v) (y – x)3.
y-x
16 daamtkiceT, rom Tu n samze meti martivi ricxvia, maSin
(n – 1) (n + 1) iyofa 24-ze.
17 mudmivi siCqariT moZravma avtomobilma 5 sT–Si gaiara mTeli

gzis 5 nawili. ramden sT–Si gaivlis is mTel gzas?
6
18 sami traqtori yanas 8 sT–Si xnavs. ramdeni traqtori moxnavs
igive yanas 6 sT-Si?
19 Tu 0<ab<1, romeli Tanafardoba SeiZleba iyos WeSmariti?

a) a<–1 da b>0; b) a<–1 da b<–1;
g) a>1 da b>1; d) a<–1 da b>–1.
20 kasrSi iyo 32 l spirti. gadmoasxes 8 l da mis nacvlad Caasxes

8 l wyali. Semdeg gadmoasxes 8 l narevi da kasri isev Seavses
wyliT. amis Semdeg kidev erTxel gadmoasxes 8 l. narevi da
kasri isev Seavses wyliT. ramdeni l spirti darCa kasrSi?
186
6. igiveoba
xelosans erTi Conguris damzadebaSi x lars uxdian, xolo

erTi fanduris damzadebaSi _ 20 lars. dawereT gamosaxule-
ba, ra Tanxas aiRebs xelosani erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi, Tu igi
TveSi 5 Congurs da 2 fandurs amzadebs?
cxadia, xelosani wlis ganmavlobaSi aiRebda (5 x+40)∙12 lars (1)

Tumca igive SeiZleba asec CavweroT: 60 x+480 (2)
?  axseniT, rogorc (1), ise (2) gamosaxulebis Sinaarsi.
(1) da (2) gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi cvladis nebismieri mniS-

vnelo-bisaTvis tolia. amitom (5x+40)12 da 60x+480 gamosaxule-
bebs igivurad toli gamosaxulebebi ewodebaT.
gardaqmnas, romlis Sedegadac miviRebT mocemuli ga

mosaxulebis igivurad tol gamosaxulebas, igivuri
gardaqmna ewodeba.
 aris Tu ara igivurad toli gamosaxulebani? a) a+3 da 3+a;

b) a+(b+c) da (a+b)+c; g) a(b+c) da ab+ac; d) 5(x+7) da 5x+35.
 romeli Tvisebebis gamoyenebiT SeZeliT me-2 davalebaSi saTa- (5x+40)12=60x+480
nado daskv-nis gamotana? igiveobaa.
 aris Tu ara msgavsi wevrebis SeerTeba igivuri gardaqmna? moi-

yvaneT Sesabamisi magaliTebi.
ganvixiloT igiveobis damtkicebis ramdenime magaliTi.
ori gamosaxulebis
magaliTi 1. tolobas, romelic
marTebulia masSi
daamtkiceT igiveoba: a2+7a+10=(a+2)(a+5). Semavali cvladebis
nebismieri mniSvn-
amoxsna: gardavqmnaT tolobis marjvena nawili: elobisaTvis igi-
(a+2)(a+5)=a2+5a+2a+10=a2+7a+10. veoba ewodeba. am
am gardaqmnis Sedegad miviReT tolobis marcxena nawili, riTac gamosaxulebebs ki
igiveoba damtkicebulia. _ igivurad toli
gamosaxulebebi.
magaliTi 2.
daamtkiceT igiveoba: (x–3)(x+7)–13=(x+8)(x–4)–2.
amoxsna: am SemTxvevaSi mosaxerxebelia gardavqmnaT tolobis
orive mxare da miRe-buli Sedegebi SevadaroT.
(x-3)(x+7)-13=x 2 +7x-3x-21-13=x 2 +4x-34.
(x+8)(x-4)-2=x 2 -4x+8x-32-2=x 2 +4x-34.
radgan tolobis orive mxaris gardaqmnis Sedegad miviReT erTi
da igive gamosaxuleba, amiT igiveoba damtkicebulia.
187
IV Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 daamtkiceT igiveoba:
a) a(b – c) = –a(c – b); b) m(m – n – k) = –m(n + k – m);
g) (x – y)(a – b) = (y – x)(b – a); d) (x – a)(y – b)(z – c) = –(a – x)(b – y)(c – z).
e) a(b – x) + x(a + b) = b(a + x); v) c(y – 2) + 2(y + c) = y(c + 2);
z) a(a – b) + 2ab = a(a + b); T) x2(1 – x) + x(x – 1) = x(x – 1)(1 – x).
a) a2 + 7a + 12 = (a + 3)(a + 4); b) (x + 5)(x – 7) = x2 – 2x – 35;
g) (m – 4)(m + 7) = m2 + 3m – 28; d) (x – 3)(x + 7) – 13 = (x + 8)(x – 4) – 2;
e) 16–(a+3)(a+12)=36 – (8+a)(a+7); v) (y–11)(y+10)+10=(y–5)(y+4)–80.
3* daamtkiceT igiveoba:
a) 10a–(–(5a+20))=5(3a+4); b) –((–7x)–(–6–5x))=2(x–3);
g) 12y–(25–(6y–11))=18(y–2); d) 47–(3b–(9–5b))=8(7–b);
e) –x(x–a)(x+b)=x(a–x)(b+x); v) (–a–b)(a+b)=–(a+b)2;
z) 36–(–(9c–15))=3(3c+7); T) y(–2–(y–4))=y(2–y).
4 daamtkiceT, rom toloba ar aris igiveoba:

a) (y–5)(y–8)=y2+40; b) (y–1)(y–2)(y–3)=y3–3y2+2y;
g) y3–1=(y–1)(y2+1); d) y4–y2+1=(y2–1)(y2+1).
ab c d ab ab2 a2 b 5 SeamowmeT, aris Tu ara naxazze gamosaxuli

ad b bc a kvadratebi magiuri kvadratebi gamravlebis
1 ab a2b2
mimarT (namravlebi yovel svetSi, striqonSi da
bc ad a b a2b b2 a diagonalurad tolia).
1 ab ab cd nax. 1
g 6 42*4* varskvlavebis nacvlad CasviT cifrebi ise, rom miRebuli

ricxvi gaiyos 45-ze.
7 zazam gaamravla 4 momdevno martivi ricxvi da miiRo 0-iT dabo-

loebuli ricxvi. ra ricxvebi gaumravlebia zazas?
8 giorgi yoveldRe, SabaT-kviris garda, yulabaSi agdebda 10

TeTrs. roca yulaba gatexes, aRmoCnda, rom masSi 100 lari iyo.
ramdeni kvira agrovebda giorgi am fuls?
9 SeiZleba Tu ara raime ricxvis cifrTa namravli iyos 330 (pa-

suxi daasabuTeT)?
10 Semdegi ricxvis aTwiladis saxiT CanawerSi ipoveT mZimis

Semdeg 225-e cifri:
a) 1 ; b) 1 ; g) 2 ; d) 2 .
6 7 11 3
11 daamtkiceT, rom ( abc – cba ) 99.

188
7. Semoklebuli gamravlebis
formulebi
B K C
kvadratuli formis miwis nakveTis ori
mopirdapire gverdis sigrZe 2 m-iT Seamcires, da-
narCenebisa ki 2 m-iT gazardes, ise, rogorc naxa-
zzea naCvenebi.
a) Seicvleba Tu ara Tavda-pirveli nakveTis far-
Tobi? perimetri?
b) Tu Seicvleba, ramdeniT? A D
M F
?  1-eli naxazis mixedviT daamtkiceT igiveoba:

(a–b)2 = a2 – 2ab + b2.
 dawereT me-2 naxazze gamosaxuli marTkuTxedis farTobis ga-
mosaTvleli gamosaxuleba. amoxazeT mocemuli marTkuTxedi
furcelze. gaWeriT ise, rogorc naxazzea naCvenebi da miRebuli
nawilebiT Seadgi-neT me-3 naxazze gamosaxuli figura. amave naxa-
zis mixedviT gamoTvaleT misi Seferadebuli nawilis farTobi.
nax. 1 nax. 2 nax. 3
 gamoiyeneT mravalwevris mravalwevrze gamravlebis wesi da

daasabuTeT igiveoba:
a) (a+b)2=a2+2ab+b2; b) (a–b)2=a2–2ab+b2; g) (a+b)(a–b)=a2–b2.
amrigad:
ori gamosaxulebis jamis kvadrati udris am gamo-
(a+b) =a +2ab+b (1) saxulebaTa kvadratebis jams damatebuli maTive
2 2 2
gaorkecebuli namravli.
ori gamosaxulebis sxvaobis kvadrati udris am
(a–b) =a –2ab+b
2 2 2
(2) gamosaxulebaTa kvadratebis jams gamoklebuli
maTive gaorkecebuli namravli.
ori gamosaxulebis sxvaobis namravli maTsave (a + b)(a – b) = a2 – b2
(a–b)(a+b)=a2–b2 (3) jamze am gamosaxulebaTa kvadratebis sxvaobis
tolia.
189
IV Tavi
magaliTi 1.
gamoTvaleT: a) 292; b) 522; g) 42·38.
amoxsna:
a) 292 = (30–1)2 = 302 – 2∙30·1 + 12 = 841.
b) 522 = (50+2)2 = 502 + 2·50·2 + 22 = 2704.
g) 42·38 = (40 + 2)(40 – 2) = 402 – 22 =1596.
magaliTi 2.
warmoadgineT mravalwevris saxiT:
( )
2
a) (3a+2b)2; b) − 2 y + 5 x ; g) (–2m – n).
5 6
a b c amoxsna:
a) (3a+2b)2 = (3a)2 + 2·3a·2b + (2b)2 = 9a2 + 12ab + 4b2 ;
c ac bc c2
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = 254 y − 23 xy + 3625 x .
2 2 2
b ab b2 bc b) − 2 y + 5 x = −2y +2· 5 x −2 y + 5 x 2 2
5 6 5 6 5 6
a a2 ab ac
Tu gamoviyenebT Sekrebis gadanacvlebadobis kanons, igive gamo-
a b c
saxuleba SeiZleba Semdegnairad warmovadginoT
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
− 2 y + 5 x = 5 x − 2 y = 5 x − 2· 5 x 2 y + 2 y =
(a + b + c)2 = 5 6 6 5 6 6 5 5
= a2 + b2 + c2 + 25 x 2 − 2 xy + 4 y 2 .
+ 2ab + 2ab + 2ac 36 3 25
g) radgan a2 = (–a)2, SegviZlia davweroT
(–2m – n)2 = (2m + n)2 = (2m)2 + 2·2m·n + n2 = 4m2 + 4mn + n2.
magaliTi 3.
gaamravleT:
a) (2a + 3b)(3b – 2a); b) (2x – y – 3c)(2x + y – 3c).
amoxsna:
a) (2a+3b)(3b–2a) = (3b)2 – (2a)2 = 9b2 – 4a2.
b) TiToeul TanamamravlSi wevrebi ase davalagoT:

2x – y – 3c = (2x – 3c) – y
2x + y – 3c = (2x – 3c) + y
miviRebT (2x – y – 3c)(2x + y – 3c) = ((2x – 3c) – y)((2x – 3c) + y) = (2x – 3c)
= (2x)2 – 2·2x·3c + (3c)2 – y2 = 4x2 – 12xc + 9c2 – y2.
maTematikaSi, magaliTebis amoxsnisas, xSirad viyenebT meTods,

romelsac sruli kvadratis gamoyofis meTods uwodeben.
ganvixiloT magaliTi.
ipoveT x-isa da y-is mniSvnelobebi, romelTaTvisac gamosaxuleba
9x 2+4y 2–6x+12y+36 iRebs umcires mniSvnelobas. ipoveT es
mniSvneloba.
190
7. Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebi
davalagoT wevrebi Semdegnairad:

9x2+4y2–6x+12y+36=9x2–6x+1+4y2+12y+9+26=(3x–1)2+(2y+3)2+26.
cxadia, gamosaxuleba umcires mniSvnelobas –26-s miiRebs, roca
1 3
x= 3 da y=– 2 .
magaliTi 4.
daamtkiceT, rom 13x2–42xy+49y2+10y2≥0 utoloba sruldeba
cvladebis nebismieri mniSvnelobisTvis.
amoxsna:
35x2–70xy+49y2=25x2–2·5·7xy+49y2+10y2=(5x–7y)2+10y2
gamosaxuleba warmoadgens ori sruli kvadratis jams, amdenad is
arauaryofiTia cvladebis nebismieri mniSvnelobisTvis. kerZod,
0-is toli gaxdeba, roca y=x=0.
imetyvele sworad!
(a+b)2_ a da b ricxvebis jamis kvadrati.
a2 + b2_ a da b ricxvebis kvadratebis jami.
(a – b)2 _ a da b ricxvebis sxvaobis kvadrati.
a2 – b2 _ a da b ricxvebis kvadratebis sxvaoba.
SeavseT gamotovebuli adgilebi: (a – b)2 = (b – a)2
1. (x + ? )2 = x2 + 2x ∙ ? + m2; 2. ( ? – a)2 = 25 + a2 – 10a;

3. (m – ? )(m + ? ) = m2 – n2; 4. (y – x)(x + y) = ? – ? ;
5. (a – 5)2 ? (5 – a)2; 6. (b – 2)2 ? (2 + b)2;
7. (–5 – x)2 ? (x + 5)2; 8. (m + n)(n-m) ? m2 – n2.
savarjiSoebi:
1 Tu a=Δ da b=, maSin (a + b)2 = a2 + 2ab + b2 (+Δ)2=2+2Δ+Δ2.

mocemuli nimuSis mixedviT CawereT (2) da (3) formulebis
modeli.
2 CawereT gamosaxulebis saxiT:

a) x-isa da 8-is jamis kvadrati;
b) x-isa da 8-is kvadratebis jami;
g) m-isa da n-is sxvaobis kvadrati gadidebuli 5-iT;
d) a-sa da 4-is kvadratebis sxvaoba Semcirebuli 2-iT.
191
IV Tavi
3 gardaqmeniT mravalwevrad:
a) (x+y)2; b) (m–n)2; g) (z+a)2;
d) (p–q)2; e) (u–v)2; v) (g–f)2;
z) (b+x)2; T) (a+k)2; i) (a+1)2;
k) (m–2)2; l) (x+3)2; m) (5–y)2;
n) (x-3)2; o) (2–y)2; p) (y–2)2.

a) (20c+5)2; b) (3f – 6)2; g) (3m – 5)2;
d)(2k + 1,5)2; e) (3k – 2,1 )2; v) (1,2x – 5)2;
z) (3x – 1)2; T) (–11 + a)2; i) (–y – 5m)2;
k) (–2a – 5b )2; l) (3p – 2q)2; m) (x + p)2.

1
a) 9a3 – a(3a+2)2 + 4a(3a+7), Tu a = –1 6 ;
1
b) (2b–3)2 – (5b–2),Tu b = –2 2 ;
2
g) (4p–1)(p2+p+1) – p(2p–3)2, Tu p= ;
3
2
d) (2y–5) – 4(y–3) – 6y, Tu y = – 7 .
2 2
a) (5x+2y)2; b) (4a–3b)2; g) (a2–5)2; d) (0,2m–5n)2;
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2 2 2 2
e) 4n − 1 ; v) 1 a + 5 a ; z) 1 + x ; T) 3 k − 1,1n ;
3 3 6 4 4
i) (a–b+c)2; k) (a+b–c)2; l) (a–b–c)2; m) (2a–b+3c)2.
7 cnobilia, rom ori ricxvis jami 11-is, xolo namravli 28-is to-
lia. ipoveT am ricxvebis kvadratebis jami.
8 cnobilia, rom ori ricxvis jami 17-is, xolo kvadratebis jami

169-is tolia. ipoveT: a) am ricxvebis namravli; b)* es ricxvebi.
a) (a+c)(a–c); g) (x+y)(x–y); e) (m+3)(m–3); z) (b+2)(b–2);
b) (b–x)(b+x); d) (a+1)(a–1); v) (k–4)(k+4); T) (a+1,1)(a–1,1).
(–a – b)(–a + b) =
= (–a)2 – b2 = a2 – b2
a) (c+56)(56–c); b) (–x–y)(y–x); g) (8a+c)(8a–c);
d) (7a–26)(7a+26); e) (m –1)(m +1);
2 2
v) (–3–5m)(5m–3);
z) (a–b)(–a–b); T) (4–a2)(–4–a2); i) (a+5k)(5k–a).
11 gamoTvaleT:
a) 612; b)3022; g) 5,92; d) 48∙52;
e)78∙82; v) 97∙103; z) 20,1∙19,9 T) 1052.
192
12 *-ebis nacvlad CasviT erTwevrebi ise, rom miiRoT

152 252 352 452
WeSma-riti toloba:
a) (* – 2a)2 = * – 28a + 4a2; b) (* – *)2 = 16x2 – 24ax + *; 225 625 1225 2025
g) (7m + *) = * + 42mk + *;
2
d) (* – *)(2a + *) = * – 9n ; 2
2=1∙2 6=2∙3 12=3∙4 20=4∙5
e) (a + *)2 = * + 2ab + *; v) (* – *)(* + 56) = 36t2 – *.
13 gamoiyvaneT 5-iT daboloebuli orniSna ricxvis kvadratSi ay-

vanis wesi.
14 ipoveT Secdoma:
a) (–3a + 5x2)2 = 9a2 + 15ax2 + 25x4; b) (–4x + 8y)(–4x – 8y) = 64y;
g) (2xy + 7a)(7a – 2xy ) = 4x y – 49a ; d) (–2p – 3k)2 = 4p2 – 12pk + 9k2.
2 2 2 4 2
15 romelia meti:
a) 77782 – 22232, Tu 55 555 555; g) ( 2531 – 789)2, Tu 25312+7892;
b) 852767∙852773, Tu 8527702. d) (355+218)2, Tu 3552+2182.
a) (2x+1)2 – 40x=(2x – 3)2; b) (x – 5)2 – x(x+4)=11;
g) 16x2 – 1 – (4x – 3)2 =62; d) (5x – 1)(5x+1)=(5x+6)2 – 1;
e) 1 x = 49; v) 1 x = 31.
51 29
a) (x+y)2=(x-y)2+4xy; b) 2(a+2b)2+4(a-b)2=6a2+12b2;
g) –5(4a – 1)(4a+1)+(a – 2) – 3(a – 1)2 = 2a(1 – 41a) + 6.
18 daamtkiceT, rom naturaluri ricxvis kvadratis samze

gayofis SesaZlo naSTebia 0 an 1.
19 daamtkiceT, rom ori momdevno naturaluri ricxvis

kvadratebis sxvaoba amave ricxvebis jamis tolia.
20 gamoTvaleT:
a) 910 ; b) 274 –34 ;
2 2
g) 532–272 ;
2 2
d) 14400 .
1372–1232 960 79 –51 324 –36
2 2
21 gardaqmeniT standartul mravalwevrad:

a) (x–y)(x+y)(x2+y2); b) (3a–b)(3a+b)(9a2+b2);
g) (p3+q)(q3–q)(p6+q2); d) (s4+r4)(s–r)(s+r)(s2+r2);
e) (a–b)(a+b)(a2+b2)(a4+b4)(a8+b8); v) x32–(x–1)(x+1)(x2+1)(x4+1)(x8+1)(x16+1).
22 gaamartiveT:
a) (3x2+4)2+(3x2–4)2–2(3x2+4)(3x2–4);
b) (4a3+5)2+(4a3–1)2+2(4a3+5)(4a3–1).
193
IV Tavi
a) (2–1)(2+1)(22+1)(24+1)(28+1)–216;
b) 3(22+1)(24+1)(28+1)(216+1)–232.
(32+22) (34+24) (38+28) (316+216)=0,2(332–232).
25 ipoveT p(x) gamosaxulebis umciresi mniSvneloba:

a) p(x)=x2–10x+5; b) p(x)=x2–5x+8;
g) p(x)=2x2–6x+3; d) p(x)=3x2+x.
26 ipoveT p(x) gamosaxulebis udidesi mniSvneloba:

a) p(x)=7–x2–6x; b) p(x)=10–3x–x2;
g) p(x)=5x–2x2; d) p(x)=1+3x–2x2.
27 a) ipoveT gamosaxulebis umciresi mniSvneloba:

(4x–3)(4x+3)–3y(8x–3y);
b) ipoveT gamosaxulebis udidesi mniSvneloba:

(5–3x)(5+3x)–5y(6x+5y).
28 ipoveT x da y cvladebis mniSvnelobebi, romelTaTvisac

p(x;y)=3x2 – 6xy + y2 + 5x + 96y – 68.
gamosaxuleba iRebs umcires mniSvnelobas, roca x+2y=7. risi
tolia es umciresi mniSvneloba?
29 ipoveT cvladebis mniSvnelobaTa wyvili, romelTaTvisac

p(x;y)=2x2 +2xy + y2 – 2x + 2.
gamosaxuleba iRebs umcires mniSvnelobas. ipoveT es mniSvn-
eloba.
a) (x+2y)2 + 4x + 5 – 4y2 – 4xy = 0;
b) 12(xy+y–x)+13+(3x–2y)2=0.
31 daamtkiceT, rom utoloba sruldeba cvladebis nebismieri

mniSvnelobebisTvis:
a) 13x2 – 42xy + 49y2 ≥ 0;
b) –4x2 + 20xy – 28y2 ≤ 0.
194
32 orSabaTebis ra udidesi raodenoba SeiZleba iyos weliwadSi?

g
33 SegviZlia Tu ara vTqvaT ramdeni:
a) kvira; b) samSabaTi; g) oTxSabaTi; d) xuTSabaTi
iqneba iseT weliwadSi, sadac orSabaTebis maqsimaluri ra-
odenobaa?
34 glexma miwis damuSaveba 20 dReSi daamTavra, ramden dReSi

daamTavrebda imave samuSaos, Tu igi 2-jer ufro swrafad
imuSavebda da 5-jer naklebi miwa eqneboda dasamuSavebeli?
35 Tu x mTeli dadebiTi ricxvia, miTiTebuli moqmede- x

bebis Sesrulebis Semdeg romeli winadadeba iqneba
WeSmariti: y=3x+1
I. t>0;
II. z _ luwia; Tu y kentia Tu y luwia
III. t _ luwia.
z = y + 1 z = y – 4
a) marto I ; b) marto II;
g) marto I da II; z
t= 2
d) marto II da III; e) I, II, III.
amocana damoukidebeli kvlevisTvis:

36. aCveneT, rom mocemuli perimetris mqone marTkuTxedebidan
udidesi farTobi aqvs kvadrats.
miTiTeba: isargebleT Semoklebuli gamravlebis formuliT.
195
IV Tavi
8. mravalwevris daSla
mamravlebad
B C 1. guramisa da gogis nakveTebi erTmaneTs esaz-

Rvreba. am nakveTTa gegma naxazzea mocemuli.
dawereT orive nakveTis farTobis gamosaTvle-
li gamosaxuleba.
5a Tu am nakveTebis farTobebs cal-calke gamovTv-
liT, maSin saerTo farTobi iqneba 5a2+5ab. magram
advilad mixvdebiT, rom orives farTobi SesaZlebe-
A a b D lia asec CavweroT 5a(a+b).
e.i. 5a2 + 5ab = 5a(a+b).
mravalwevris warmodgenas ramdenime mravalwevris namrav-

lad, mravalwevris mamravlebad daSla ewodeba.
Tu gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanons `piruku~ _ marjvnidan

marcxniv CavwerT, miviRebT ac + bc = c(a + b) formulas, romelic
saSualebas gvaZlevs davSaloT zogierTi mravalwevri mamrav-
lebad. magaliTad,
15x2 + 10xy = 3x ∙ 5x + 2y ∙ 5x = 5x(3x + 2y).

a c b c = c (a + b)
mravalwevris mamravlebad daSlis am xerxs saerTo mamrav

lis frCxilebs gareT gatanis xerxi ewodeba.
davSaloT mamravlebad 6x2 – 6y2 + 4y – 9x3y mravalwevri.

rogorc vxedavT, mocemuli mravalwevris wevrebs saerTo mam-
ravli ar gaaCnia, magram misi mamravlebad daSla mainc SesaZle-
belia.
6x2 – 6y2 + 4y – 9x3y = gamoviyenoT Sekrebis Tvisebebi
TiToeul orwevrSi gamovyoT
= (6x2 – 9x3y) + (4y – 6xy2) = saerTo mamravli
TiToeuli orwevri davSaloT
= ( 3x2 ∙ 2 – 3x2 ∙ 3xy) + ( 2y ∙ 2 – 2y ∙ 3xy) = mamravlebad
= 3x2(2 – 3xy) + 2y(2 – 3xy) = warmovadginoT namravlad
a c + b · c
= (2 – 3xy)(3x2 + 2y)
c (a + b)
mamravlebad daSlis ganxilul xerxs dajgufebis xerxi

196 ewodeba.
zogjer mravalwevris mamravleblad daSla mosaxerxebelia
Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebis gamoyenebiT.
magaliTad, 4x2 – 28xy + 49y2 = (2x)2 – 2 ∙ 2x ∙ 7y + (7y)2 = (2x – 7y)2

a2 – 2 a b + b2
Tu (a – b)(a + b) = a – b formulas `piruku~, marjvnidan marcxniv
2
CavwerT, miviRebT formulas, romelic ori gamosaxulebis

kvadratebis sxvaobis saxeliTaa cnobili.
a2 – b2 = (a – b)(a + b)
ori gamosaxulebis kvadratebis sxvaoba amave gamosaxulebebis

sxvaobisa da jamis namravlis tolia.
davSaloT mamravleblad: 81x2 – 25y2
81x2 – 25y2= warmovadginoT kvadratebis sxvaobad
=(9x)2 – (5y)2 = davSaloT mamravlebad
= (9x – 5y)(9x + 5y)
magaliTi 1.
daSaleT mamravlebad: a) 2a(m – 3n) – 3(3n – m);
b) x2 – xy + x – xy2 + y3 – y2.
amoxsna:
a) 2a(m – 3n) – 3(3n – m) = 2a(m – 3n) + 3(m – 3n) = (m – 3n)(2a+3);
b) x2 – xy + x – xy2 + y3 – y2 = x(x – y + 1) – y2(x – y + 1) = (x – y + 1)(x – y2).
magaliTi 2.
warmoadgineT namravlis saxiT:
a) 4a2 – 9(2 – a)2; b) 4a2 + 12a + 9 – 9b2; g)* x2 + 9x + 20.
amoxsna:
a) 4a2 – 9(2 – a)2 = (2a)2 – (3(2 – a))2 = (2a)2 – (6 – 3a)2 = (2a – 6 + 3a)(2a + 6 – 3a) =
= (5a – 6)(6 – a).
b) 4a2 + 12a + 9 – 9b2 = (2a)2 + 2∙2a∙3 + 32 – 9b2 = (2a + 3)2 – (3b)2 =
= (2a + 3 – 3b)(2a + 3 + 3b).
g) 9x warmovadginoTY 4x+5x orwevris saxiT:
x2 + 9x + 20 = x2 + 4x + 5x + 20 = x(x + 4) + 5(x + 4) = (x + 4)(x + 5).
magaliTi 3.
amoxseniT gantoleba: a) (x+1)(3x – 1) = 0; b) 5x2 – 45 = 0.
amoxsna:
a) ori gamosaxulebis namravli udris nuls, b) 5x2 – 45 = 0
roca erT-erTi mainc aris nulis toli. 5(x2 – 9) = 0
(x + 1)(3x – 1) = 0 5(x – 3)(x + 3) = 0
x + 1= 0 an 3x – 1 = 0 x – 3 = 0 an x + 3 = 0
1
x = –1 an x = 3 . x = 3 an x = –3.
197
IV Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 daSaleT mamravlebad:
a) 3u2 – 5u; b) 5a + 5b; g) 12a + 6; d) 4m + mn;
e) a b + 3b;
3 2
v) xa + xb; z) 3a – 3b; T) 6k – 18kn;
i) 15xy + 20x ; k) 8a – 6a ;
2 3 2
l) 4x y – 14xy ;
2 2
m) 10a3b2 – 25ab2;
n) 6mn2 – 9m2 + 15m3n; o) 8x5y3 – 10x2y2 + 12x3y2.
2. daSaleT mamravlebad:
a) 4x – 6y – 8z; b) ax – ay + az; g) 1,2x – 1,6y – 2z;
d) x3 + x2 + x; e) 6ay3 – 3ay2 + 9ay; v) 4x2y – 5x2y2 + 16x2y;
z) 24a4 – 16a3 + 8a2; T) 4x2y – 12xy2 – 16xy; i) 9a2 – 3a2b2 – 6ab2.
a) 3m(n + 5) + 2n(n + 5); b) a + 2 – 5(–a – 2); g) 5a(b – 2) + 7b(b – 2);
d) (a – 5) + 7(a – 5);
2
e) 5x(x – 2y) – 3(2y – x); v) 12m(n – 4k) – (4k – n).
a) mn + 4m + m2n + 4m2;b) mk + pk – 4m2 – 4mp; g) 3(a + 2x) + 4a + 8x;
d) ax – y – ay + x; e) 2ak + 6ab – 7k – 21b; v) x3 + 3x2 + 9ax + 27a;
z) 10mn – 5mp – 8nk + 4pk; T) 5a2c + 10a2 – 6bc – 3bc2.
5.* gaitaneT mamravli frCxilebs gareT:

a) (2x+8)2; b) (5x2 – 10)2; g) (–3x + 6b)3; d) (4a – 6b)4.
6.* daamtkiceT, rom:

a) 412 – 410 iyofa 30-ze; b) 818 – 424 iyofa 36-ze;
g) 2714 – 8110 iyofa 72-ze; d) 6n + 6n+1 + 6n+2 iyofa 43-ze.
7. warmoadgineT namravlad:
a) m2 + 2mn + n2; b) p2 – 2pq + q2; g) x2 – 6x + 9;
d) n2 + 16n + 64; e) 4x2 + 4x + 1; v) 9a2 – 12ab + 4b2;
2 4
z) 25t2 + 60t + 36; T) 16x2 + 24xy + 9y2; i) 1 a2 – 3 ab + 9 b2.
4
8. warmoadgineT namravlad:
a) a2–d2; b) m2–n2; g) 4a2–1; d) x2–9;
e) m2–n2; v) x2–4; z) 4x2–81; T) 144z2–169.
i) 9m2n2–1; k) 49k2–36; l) 81x2–1; m) 225n2–144;
4 100 7 18
n) 9 k2– 25 ; o) 49 m2– 81 x2; p) 0,04x2–1 9 y2; J) 25 m2– 50 a2.
49 81 81
9* daSaleT mamravlebad:
a) –4x2 – 12xy – 9y2; b) 81t2 – 18t + 1; g) 125a4 – 20b2;
d) 40ab – 25a2 – 16b2; e) 6x – x2 – 9; v) –60n2k2 + 135a2b4.
198
8. mravalwevris daSla mamravlebad
10*     nacvlad CasviT erTwevrebi ise, rom miiRoT

WeSmariti toloba:
a)  + 6ab +  = (a + )2; b)  + 12xy +  = ( + 6y)2;
g) x2 –  = ( – )( + 5a); d)  – 16 = (5x + )( – ).
11 gamoiangariSeT:
2 2
532 - 322 2 2
562 - 322
a) 28 - 22 ; b) 2 ; g) 43 - 23 ; d) 2 .
45 2
61 - 44 132 84 - 182
a) 2x2 – 5x = 0; b) 4x2 + 4x + 1 = 0; g) 16x2 – 9 = 0;
d)* x2 + 2x – 15 = 0; e) x3 – 9x = 0; v) (x – 2)(x + 5) = 0.

a) 64 – x4; b) a16 – b16; g) (2x – 1)2 – 4;
d) (3a – 2)2 – y2; e) 4a2 – (a – 2)2; v) 9b2 – (3b+1)2;
z) (m+4k)2 – 25k2; T) (2m+n)2 – (3m – 2n)2; i) (x+y)2 – (4x+y)2;
k) 4(a+1)2 – 9(3 – a)2; l) 16t2 – 9(t+2)2; m) 81a2 – (a – 1)2.
14* daamtkiceT, rom x-is nebismieri mniSvnelobisaTvis gamosax-

uleba dadebiTia:
a) x2 + 30x + 240; b) x4 – 12x2 + 40.
15 daamtkiceT, rom
a) n-is nebismieri mTeli mniSvnelobisaTvis (7n – 2)2 – (2n – 7)2
iyofa 45-ze;
b) nebismieri naturaluri ricxvis kvadratisa da TviT am
ricxvis sxvaoba iyofa 2-ze;
g) nebismieri kenti ricxvis kvadrati Semcirebuli 1-iT iyo-
fa 8-ze.
16* daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri mTeli n ricxvisTvis:

a) n3 + 11n iyofa 6-ze; b) (n4 – 1) iyofa 5-ze, n≠5k;
g) (m3 – m) iyofa 6-ze. d) n3 + 5n iyofa 6-ze.
17 warmoadgineT namravlad:
a) a2b2 – c2d2; b) (2a+3b)2–16c2; g) (2a–4b)2–(c+3d)2;
d) (a – 2b)2 – (b – 2a)2; e) 4a2 –12ab+9b2–4c2; v) 4a2–4ab+b2–16c2.
a) (x–1)2(x+2)=0; b) (x–4)2(x–3)=0; g) (x2–1)(x–3)=0;
d) (x2–4)(x+1)=0; e) x(x–2)(x2+1)=0; v) x(x2+4)(x+4)=0;
z) (x+6)(x3–8)=0; T) (x–5)(x3+1)=0; i) x(x–4)(x3+8)=0.
199
IV Tavi
19 daamtkiceT, rom:
a) 176+175 iyofa 18-ze; b) 428+427 iyofa 43-ze;
g) 317+315 iyofa 30-ze; d) 223+220 iyofa 72-ze.
20*. daamtkiceT, rom Semdegi winadadeba sruldeba nebismieri

n∈N-sTvis:
a) (2n+2n+1+2n+2) 7 ; b) (2n+2n+2+2n+4+2n+6) 170.
g 21 warmoadgineT mravalwevris saxiT:

a) (2x – y)2; b) (x – 2y)(x + 2y);
g) (a + 3) ;
2
d) (2a – 3b)2.
22 firmis 50 TanamSromlidan 20-ma icis inglisuri, 25-ma _

germanuli, 15-ma ki _ orive ena. ramdenma TanamSromelma ar
icis arc inglisuri da arc germanuli?
23 A simravle 15 elementiania, B ki _ 20 elementiani. A B ki _

5 elementiani. ramdenelementiania AUB?
24 400 laris Rirebulebis beWedi orjer Camofasebis Semdeg 272

larad gaiyida. ramdeni procentiT CamoufasebiaT beWedi
pirvelad, Tu meored igi 20%-iT Camoafases?
25 auzidan daiwyes wylis Tanabari gaSveba. ori saaTis Semdeg

auzSi 400m3 wyali iyo, xolo kidev 3 saaTis Semdeg _ 100m3
wyali. ramdeni wyali iyo auzSi Tavdapirvelad?
a) (2y – 5)2 + 40y = (2y + 5)2;
b) (30 – 3y)2 – 9y(y – 20) = 900;
g) (7y + 1)2 – (y + 7)2 = 48(y – 1)(y + 1);
d) (6y + 8)2 + (8y – 6)2 = 100(y2 + 1).
200
9. kubebis jami da kubebis sxvaoba
b a–b
1. nax. 1-is mixedviT daasabuTeT, rom a–b

a – b = (a – b)(a + ab + b ).
3 3 2 2 b
a
gamoiyeneT mravalwevris mravalwevrze gam-
ravlebis wesi da daamtkiceT, rom
a–b
a3 – b3 = (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2) (1)
a3 + b3 = (a + b)(a2 – ab + b2) (2) a
b a–b
(1) da (2) formulebis gamoyenebiT daSaleT mamravlebad:

a) x3 – 1; b) m3 – 8; g) 27+x3; d) x6 – y6.
(1) da (2) formulebis marjvena nawilis meore Tanamamravls Se

sabamisad a da b ricxvebis jamis, sxvaobis arasrul kvadrats
uwodeben.
sruli kvadrati a2 + 2ab + b2

a da b ricxvebis jamis
arasruli kvadrati a2 + ab + b2

sruli kvadrati a2 – 2ab + b2
a da b ricxvebis sxvaobis
arasruli kvadrati a2 – ab + b2
amrigad,
ori gamosaxulebis kubebis jami am gamosaxulebaTa jamisa
da maTi sxvaobis arasruli kvadratis namravlis tolia.
ori gamosaxulebis kubebis sxvaoba am gamosaxulebaTa sxva

obisa da maTi jamis arasruli kvadratis namravlis tolia.
magaliTi 1.
daSaleT mamravlebad: a) a9 – b9; b) 27x3y6+64.
amoxsna:
a) a9 – b9 = | warmovadginoT kubebis sxvaobad
3 3
= (a3) – (b3) = | davSaloT mamravlebad
= (a3 – b3)((a3) + a3b3 + (b3) ) =
2 2
| I Tanamamravli isev davSaloT
= (a – b)(a2 + ab + b2)(a6 + a3b3 + b6)
201
IV Tavi
b) 27x3y6 + 64 = (3xy2)3 + 43 = (3xy2 + 4)((3xy2)2 – 3xy2 ∙ 4 + 42) =
= (3xy2 + 4)(9x2y4 – 12xy2 + 16).
magaliTi 2.
*-is nacvlad CawereT iseTi erTwevri, rom miRebuli samwevri
raime orwe-vris jamis an sxvaobis arasruli kvadrati iyos:
a) x2 – 6xy2 + *; b) 9n4 + 25a2 + *.
amoxsna:
a) x2 – 6xy2 + * = x2 – x ∙ 6y2 + 36y4 = x2 – 6xy2 + 36y4.

a2 – a ∙ b + b2
2 2 2 2
b) 9n4 + 25a2 + * =(3n2) + * + (5a) = (3n2) + 3n2 ∙ 5a + (5a) =

a2 + ab b2
= 9n + 15n a + 25a .
4 2 2
imetyvele sworad!
a3 + b3 → a da b ricxvebis kubebis jami.
(a+b)3 → a da b ricxvebis jamis kubi.
savarjiSoebi:
1 CamoayalibeT, ras udris ori gamosaxulebis jamis arasruli

kvadrati.
2 CamoayalibeT, ras udris ori gamosaxulebis sxvaobis arasru-

li kvadrati.
3 rogor iSleba mamravlebad ori gamosaxulebis kubebis:

a) sxvaoba; b) jami.
a) 8 + x3; b) 1 – y3; g) 8 + 27m3; d) 0,001 + n3;
e) 8 – m3; v) c3 + 27; z) 64x3 + 1; T) m3 – 27n3.
5 *-is nacvlad CasviT erTwevri ise, rom miiRoT jamis an sxvaobis

arasruli kvadrati:
a) * + 8xy + 16y2; b) 4x2 + 9y2 – *;
g) * – 5xy + y2; d) * + 36xy + 4y2.
6 daamtkiceT, rom:
a) (3273 + 1733)  500; b) (7313 – 6313)  100; g) (5853-2103)  125;
d) (843+103)  47; e) (1243+103)  67; v) (3673-1273)  120.
202
9. kubebis jami da kubebis sxvaoba
7 warmoadgineT namravlis saxiT:

a) x3 – y6; b) m9 – n3; g)a6 + b9; d) a6 + b3; e) p3 + k9;
v) –x + y ; z) –8 – p ;
3 3 3
T) c6 + 1; i) x6 + y6; k) –27 + a3.
8 daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri mTeli a ricxvisTvis (a3 – a)  6.
9 gaamartiveT:
a) (5m+3n)(25m2–15mn+9n2); b) (2a–3x)(4a2+6ax+9n2);
g) (3x+4y)(9x2–12xy+16y2); d) (4x–5y)(16x2+20xy+25y2).
10 gaamartiveT:
a) p(p–2c)(p+2c)–(p–c)(p2+pc+c2);
b) m(2m–1)2–2(m+1)(m2–m+1).

a) 2x3 + 9 – (x + 1)(x2 – x + 1), Tu x = 0,5;
b) (2x – 1)(4x2 + 2x + 1), Tu x = –0,5;
g) x(x + 2)(x – 2) – (x – 3)(x2 + 3x + 9), Tu x = 0,25.
12 daTo ekiTxeba ninos: `me Cavifiqre ori naturaluri ricxvi,

romelTa jami 70-is tolia, maTi kvadratebi ki erTmaneTisa-
gan 144-iT gansxvavdeba, ra ricxvebi Cavifiqre me?~ dafiqrda
ra, ninom upasuxa: àseTi ricxvebi ar arsebobs.~ ratom? ro-
gor mixvda amas nino?
13* daamtkiceT, rom 1233 + 218 Sedgenili ricxvia.
g
a) 4x2 – 9y2; b) 3x2 – 6x + 18; g) x2 + 2x + 1 + x + 1.
−1
5 2 −5
 −2 3 
15 gaamartiveT: a) x −1y y−3 ; b)  x 3 ⋅ y5  .
x ⋅y  x y 
16 CawereT 3-is jeradi umciresi xuTniSna ricxvi, romlis
pirveli cifria 7 da yvela cifri gansxvavebulia.
17 firmaSi asze naklebi TanamSromeli muSaobda. amasTan, kace-

bi 2-jer meti, vidre qalebi. TanamSromelTa 4% gadaiyvanes
sxva ofisSi. ramdeni qali muSaobda firmaSi Tavdapirvelad?
203
IV Tavi
10. mravalwevris gayofa

mravalwevrze
2 2 3
- - 2x - 3 + 2+ -
SekveceT wiladi: a) x - 4 ; b) x + ; g) x 3x+ x 1 .
x 2 x 1 x 1
Cven ukve SeviswavleT mravalwevrebis Sekreba, gamokleba, gam-

ravleba. gavecnoT gayofasac.
A(x) mravalwevris B(x) mravalwevrze gayofa niSnavs mesame iseTi
Q(x) mravalwevris moZebnas, rom Sesruldes piroba:
A(x)=B(x)Q(x).
am SemTxvevaSi amboben, rom A(x) mravalwevri iyofa B(x) mraval
wevrze.
x2–5x–14=(x+2)(x–7) | x2–5x–14 iyofa (x+2)-ze.
mravalwevri rom mravalwevrze gavyoT, saWiroa:
2x + 1 1. orive mravalwevri davalagoT erTi da imave cvladis

6 x 3 + 5x 2 + 5x + 2
klebad xarisxebad;
6 x 3 + 3x 2 3x 2 + x + 2
2. gasayofis pirveli wevri gavyoT gamyofis pirvel
2 x 2 + 5x + 2 wevrze. miviRebT ganayofis pirvel wevrs;
2x 2 + x 3. ganayofis pirveli wevri gavamravloT gamyofze da
4x + 2 davweroT gasayofis qveS;
4x + 2 4. gasayofs gamovakloT miRebuli namravli;
0 5. naSTis I wevri gavyoT gamyofis pirvel wevrze, mivi-

RebT ganayofis meore wevrs;
6. ganayofis meore wevri gavamravloT gamyofze da davweroT
pirveli naSTis qveS;
7. pirvel naSTs gamovakloT miRebuli namravli. miviRebT meore
naSTs da a.S.
gayofis procesi gagrZeldeba manam, sanam naSTis xarisxi (arCeuli
cvladis mimarT) naklebi gaxdeba gamyofis xarisxze. Cvens mier
ganxilul magaliTSi miviReT:
(6x3+5x2+5x+2) : (2x+1) = 3x2+x+2.
aqedan ki _
6x3+5x2+5x+2=(2x+1)(3x2+x+2).
204
daamtkiceT, rom
x n - 1 = ( x - 1)(x n -1 + x n - 2 + x n -3 + ... + x + 1), n∈N
x +1
n
 = x n -1 - x n - 2 + x n -3 - x n - 4 + ... - x + 1
x +1


n = 2k + 1
savarjiSoebi:
1 SeasruleT gayofa:
a) (x 5+x 4–6x 3–14x 2–11x–3) : (x–1); b) (x 3–6x 2+11x–6) : (x–3);
g) (x 5–6x 3+2x 2–4) : (x 2–x+1); d) (x 4+x 2+1) : (x+5).
2* k-s ra mniSvnelobisTvis Sesruldeba gayofa unaSTod?

(x3+6x2+kx+12) : (x+4).
3 SeasruleT gayofa:
a) (x 7–1) : (x 3+x+1); b) (x 6–64) : (x–3);
g) (x 3+9x 2+23x+15) : (x+1); d) (x 3–10x 2+23x–14) : (x–7);
e) (x 3–x 2–x+1) : (x–1); v) (x 4–x 3–3x 2+5x–2) : (x+2).
4 ipoveT A da B koeficientebi, Tu:

a) (x 2–2x+3)(Ax+B)=2x 3–5x 2+8x–3;
b) (x 2+3x–1)(Ax+B)=3x 3+7x 2–9x+2;
g) (3x 2+x+1)(Ax+B)=6x 3+11x 2+5x+3.
205
IV Tavi es sainteresoa
Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebis

gamoyeneba miaxloebiT gamoTvlebSi
55 0 5
1. suraTis mixedviT daadgineT: ramden ki- 50
45
40
10
15
20
lograms iwonis Cemodani. 35 25
30
cxadia, SeuZlebelia am kiTxvaze abso-

luturad zusti pasuxi gavceT. saswori
daaxloebiT 38 kg-s aCvenebs. albaT, xvdeb-
iT, rom zusti wona moTavsebuli iqneba
37,5 kg-sa da 38,5 kg-s Soris.
2. naxazze vxedavT, rom fanqris sig-

rZea 6,7sm. e.i. unda vivaraudoT,
rom fanqris zusti zoma moTavse- 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
bulia 6,5-sa da 7sm-s Soris.
magram Tu imave fanqars gavzomavT iseTi saxa-
zaviT, sadac 1 mm-iani danayofebia, vnaxavT, rom
misi sigrZe daaxloebiT 67,24 mm-ia. e.i. am SemTx-
vevaSi gazomvas vawarmoebT mm-is sizustiT.
Tu gazomvebs sxvadasxva xelsawyoTi Sevas-
rulebT, maSin mocemuli sididis miaxloebiT
zomebs sxvadasxva sizustiT miviRebT.
magaliTad, Termometri temperaturas 1°-
is sizustiT zomavs. saaTi dros _ 1wT-is
sizustiT. transportiri kuTxes _ 1°-is
sizustiT da a.S.
Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebiTac
SegviZlia vipovoT gamosaxulebis miax-
loebiTi mniSvneloba.
magaliTad, 2,0022 an 1,9972.
visargebloT formuliT: (1+a)2=1+2a+a2.
roca a=0,002, maSin 2,0022=(2+0,002)2=4+4∙0,002+0,0022.
radgan 0,0022 sakmaod mcirea 4-Tan SedarebiT, amitom SegviZlia davw-
eroT: 2,0022 ≈ 4+4∙0,002 = 4,008.
Tu a = –0,003, miviRebT: 1,9972 = (2 – 0,003)2 ≈ 4 – 4∙0,003 = 3,988.
amrigad, (1+a)2≈1+2a.
gamoTvaleT: a) 1,0052; b) 1,0012; g) 0,9982; d) 0,9892.
206
Tema
paskalis samkuTxedi
1. nax. 1-is mixedviT daasabuTeT, rom

(a+b)3 = a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3.
b b a
a b a
b b
b
ab
2
a a
a a2b
b a a
a nax. 1
b a b a
1
1 1 nax. 2-ze naCvenebia naturaluri ricxvebisagan Sed-
1 2 1 genili Zalzed saintereso cxrili. igi pirvelad
1 3 3 1 didma frangma mecnierma blez paskalma ganixila.
1 4 6 4 1 am cxrils paskalis samkuTxeds uwodeben.
1 5 10 10 5 1 riTia SesaniSnavi es samkuTxedi?
1 6 15 20 15 6 1
........................................
nax. 2
ganvixiloT: (a + 1)0 = 1
(a + 1)1 = 1a + 1
(a + 1)2 =1a2 +2a +1
(a + 1)3 =1a3 + 3a2 +3a +1
(a + 1)4 =1a4 +4a3 +6a2 + 4a +1
Tu davakvirdebiT marjvena nawilebis
koeficientebs, SevamCnevT _ isini pas-
kalis samkuTxedis Sesabamisad nulo-
vani, pirveli, meore, mesame da meoTxe
striqonebia.
2. gardaqmeniT mravalwevrad:
a) (a–b)3; b) (2x–1)3; g) (2x+3)3; d) (x–3)3.
3. a) gaarkvieT, rogor miiReba paskalis samkuTxedis yoveli striqoni wina

striqonidan.
b) ipoveT me-7 striqonis ricxvebi.
g) SekribeT yoveli striqonis ricxvebi da SeecadeT daweroT n-uri striqo-
nis ricxvTa jamis gamosaTvleli formula.
207
IV Tavi
IV Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi:
1 gamoTvlebis gareSe SeadareT:

a) (–0,09)10 da 0; b) 0 da (–1,23)7;
g) (–1,23) da (–0,9) ;
3 2
d) 0,986 da 1,026.
2 warmoadgineT xarisxis saxiT:

a) 25 · 8; b) 16 · 4n; g) 7n · 343; d) 81 · 3k.
a) x5(–x2)5(–x3)6; b) n7n0n9; g) a(–a)2(–a2)3(–a3);
d) xn·xn+1·x5; e) ak:ak–3; v) 10n+1:10n–3;
z) (–5)n:(–5)n; T) (–2)n:(–2)n+1; i) (–1)2k+3:(–1)2k;
k) (–1)n·(–1)n+1; l) (–1)n–1·(–1)n+3; m) (–1)k:(–1)9–k.
4 daamtkiceT, rom, Tu ori naturaluri ricxvis jami nuliT bolovdeba,

maSin maTi kvadratebi erTi da imave cifriT bolovdebian.
5 gamoiangariSeT:
38 $ 2 7 95 $ 510 11 8
65 $ 34
a) 510 : 254; b) 36 $ 25 ; g) 39 $ 510 ; d) 310 $ 5 7 ; e) 83 $ 272 .
3 $5
6 gamoiangariSeT:
a) 45 : 2,55; b) 0,29 · 57; g) 0,26 · 253;
v) ` 19 j ·814.
6
d) ` 1 j ·313;
13
e) 0,410 · 2,512;
3
7 *–is nacvlad CasviT erTwevri ise, rom miiRoT WeSmariti toloba.
a) 100x5y3 = 20x4y·*; b) –5x16y = 15x3y·*;
g) a b = 3a b·*;
8 2 3
d) 21a b = 14a5b5·*.
7 5
8 warmoadgineT standartuli saxis erTwevris saxiT:

a) –64a8x11·(–0,25a2x9); b) –60c6·(–0,5c2)3; g) (–0,4x5y6)3·(–1000x5y10);
d) - 9 p9q14· 43 p3q4; e) (–3a4b)2 · 97 a12b8; v) – 1 bc2 ` 2 b3 c5j .
3
16 2 3
9* daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri naturaluri k–sTvis.

a) 34k – 1 iyofa 10–ze; b) 100k – 1 iyofa 11–ze.

a) (–2x2 + x + 1) – (x2 – x + 7) – (4x2 + 2x + 8);
b) (3a2 – a + 2) + (–3a2 + 3a – 1) – (a2 – 1);
g) 2a – 3b + c – (4a + 7b + c + 3);
d) 2xy – y2 + (y2 – xy) – (x2 + xy);
e) (1 – x + 4x2 – 8x+3);
v) (0,5a – 0,6b + 5,5) – (–0,5a + 0,4b + 11,3b – 4,5).
a) (x – 2)(x + 3) + (x + 2)(x – 3); b) (y – 1)(y + 2) + (y + 1)(y – 2);
g) (a + 1)(a + 2) + (a + 3)(a + 4); d) (c – 1)(c – 2) + (c – 3)(c – 4).
a) (a+7)(a–6)–(3a2+2a–5)(a+2); b) (b+5)(–1+6,2b+b2)–(1+3b)(1–3b);
208
g) (c+1)(c+2)(c–5)+4c(c–2c2+3c3)–(5c–4)(5–4c);
d) (p–q+z)(p+q)–(2p2+q2)(2p2–q2)+4pq(–0,6p+0,5q–6).
13 daamtkiceT, rom x(3x+2)–x2(x+3)+(x3–2x+9) gamosaxuleba cvladis

nebismieri mniSvnelobisaTvis, iRebs erTsa da imave mniSvnelobas.
14 daamtkiceT, rom 6x(x–3)–9(x2–2x+4) gamosaxuleba, cvladis nebismieri

mniSvnelobisaTvis, iRebs uaryofiT mniSvnelobas.
15 cvladebis romeli mniSvnelobebsaTvis sruldeba toloba:

a) 6x2y(2xy–1)+3x(2xy–5)=2x(x2y2–5)–25;
b) 3a(5ab3–3)+5a2b2(3b–2a)=15a(2ab3–1)+18.

a) (x + 3y)·7; d) (7ab – 8a + 9b)·10a2b;
b) 5a(3a – 2b + 4c); e) 4a3b2c3(8ab + 9ac – 7bc);
g) 1 x(6x – y); v) 2 mn(1,5 – 2,25n + 13,5k).
3 3

a) –3(m3 – n); b) –6x3y(4x – 5y + 1); g) –5m(m2 – mn + n2);
d) –x(3a + 4y – 7); e) (5a – 8b)· `- 45 j ; v) ` 25 z2 + zt - 15 t2j ·(–10t).
a) 3x + 4(1 – x) – (x – 2); d) 2a – 6(2b – 3a) + 4(3b – 5a);
b) 3(2r – s) – (4s – 1,5r) + 10r; e) x – y(2 – x) + 2xy;
g) (–x – y)·z – 2z(–x + y); v) –9x(–3y + 5z – 2) + (–7y – 6z – 2)·5x.
1
a) 1 (6x – 21) + 7 (42 – 7x) – 2·(3 – x);
3
b) 1 (3x + 6y + 9z) – 12 (2x + 4y – 8z) – 14 (–8y – 12z);
3
1
g) 4a – (12b – 4)· 8 – 16 (9b + 3a – 3);
d) 16 (9u + 12v – t) + 4,5(2y – 7x) – 16 (12u – 48v + t).
20 marTkuTxa paralelepipedis sigrZe da sigane erTmaneTis tolia,

xolo simaRle 6 sm-iT metia sigrZeze. Tu sigrZes gavzrdiT 2-jer,
simaRles SevamcirebT 3 sm-iT, xolo siganes ucvlelad davtovebT,
maSin paralelepipedis moculoba gaizrdeba 64 sm3-iT. ipoveT
paralelepipedis ganzomilebebi.

a) (3 – 2a)(5 + a); b) (5m – 3n)(2n + m); g) 2(4a – 1)(a + 2);
d) –3(5a2 – 2)(4a2 – 3); e) 5(b – a) ` b + a j ; v) –4 `2t + 12 j `5t - 12 j .
5
a) (x + y)(x – y – 1); d) (5x + 2)(–x2 + 4x – 1);
b) (x – y – z)(x + y + z); e) (5m – 3n + 2)(5m + 3n – 2);
g) (4m – 3n – 1)(3 – m); v) (a+b)(a3 – a2b + ab2 – b3).
209
IV Tavi
a) (m + 8)(m – 3) + 24; b) (5x2 + y)(5x2 – y) + 3y(5x – y) – (y – x)5y;
g) (4m + 5n)(3m – n) + (2m – n)(m + 7n); d) (y + 2)(6y + 1) – 4(y – 1)(y + 1);
e) (a + b – c)(b + c) + (a – b + c)(b – c); v) (2a2 + 5y2 – 3t)(y2 –2a) – (4a2 – y2 – t)(5y2 + 4a2).
24 a da b ricxvebis 5-ze gayofis Sesabamisi naSTebia 2 da 4. ra naSTs mogvcems

5-ze gayofisas:
a) a + b; b) a – b; g) b – a; d) ab.
a) (x–3)(x+2y)+5x(x+2y); g) 7a2(a–x)+(6a2–ax)(x–a); e) 4(2a–3)–6a(2a–3);
b) (a+8b)(2a–5b)–8b(2a–5b); d) 11b2(3b–y)–(6y–3b2)(y–3b); v) 3(a–b)–(b–a)3.

a) a2b–b2c+a2c–bc2; b) 2x3+xy2–2x2y–y3;
g) 16ab –10c +32ac –5b c;
2 3 2 2
d) 6a3–21a2b+2ab2–7b3;
e) ma–mb+na–nb+pa–pb; v) ax–bx–cx+ay–by–cy;
z) x2+ax2–y–ay+cx2–cy; T) ax2+2y–bx2+ay+2x2–by.

a) x2+8x+7; b) x2+15x+54; g) x2+x–12; d) x2–2x–15; e)* x4+x2+1.
28* ipoveT ori ricxvis kvadratebis (kubebis) jami, Tu cnobilia, rom am ricx-
vebis jami 11-is tolia, xolo maTi namravli –21-ia.

a) 259+517 iyofa 30-ze; b) 1213–1212+1211 iyofa 7-sa da 19-ze;
g) 2710–914 iyofa 24-ze; d) 119–118+117 iyofa 3-sa da 37-ze;
e) 1723–853 iyofa 3-sa da 29-ze; v) 883+873 iyofa 25-sa da 7-ze.
a) x2–14x+49; b) 4a2–12ab+9b2; g) 30t–9–25t2;
d) a –8a +16;
4 2
e) a6 b2+12a3b+36; v) y–y2–0,25;
1 2
z) 9–m+ 36 m ; T) c4d2+1–2c2d; i) –25–2n–0,04n2.

a) (p+2q)(2q–p); b) (xy–a)(xy+a); g) (x2–2)(2+x2);
d) (3u+2)(9u–6); e) (8x+8y)(3x–3y); v) (pq–q2)(p+q).
32 daamtkiceT, rom ori momdevno naturaluri ricxvis kvadratebis sxvaoba

am ricxvebis jamis tolia.
33 mocemulia sami ricxvi, romelTagan TiToeuli wina ricxvze 12-iT metia.

ipoveT es ricxvebi, Tu ori mcire ricxvis namravli 432-iT naklebia ori
didi ricxvis namravlze.
34 oTxi ricxvidan meore 3-iT metia pirvelze, mesame 5-iT meti meoreze,
xolo meoTxe pirveli da meore ricxvebs jamis tolia. ipoveT es ricxvebi,
Tu cnobilia, rom pirveli da meore ricxvebis namravli 74,2-iT naklebia
mesame ricxvis kvadratisa da meoTxe ricxvis sxvaobaze.
210
35 gamoiangariSeT:
a) 1005∙995; b) 108∙92; g) 0,94∙1,06;
1
d) 1,09∙0,91; e) 10 7 ·9 67 ; v) 99 97 ·100 29 .
9
a) 64k2–64; b) 36c2–9a2; g) 0,0004n2–16; d) 0,25x2–1,25x+1 16 ;
e) 4x2+12xy+9y2; v) 25m2–n2; z) 2a2–8b2; T) 1,96x2–1,69y2;
i) (x+1)2–4; k) (n–2)2–9; l) (a+b)2–4a2; m) 16–(a+5)2;
n) 81–(m–1)2; o) 49–(2m–3)2; p) 9(x+2)2–4; J) 4(a–3)2–25a2;
r) 64b2–(2b–1)2; s) 25–9(m+4)2; t) (x+2)2–(x–7)2; u) 4(a–3)2–9(a+1)2.
37 daamtkiceT, rom (2a–b)(2a+b)+(b–c)(b+c)+(c–2a)(c+2a)=0.
38 gardaqmeniT standartuli saxis mravalwevrad:

a) (xn–23)(xn+23); b) (cn+1–bn–1)(cn+1+bn–1);
g) (3x –2)(9x +6x +4);
n 2n n
d) (7an–1)(49a2n+7an+1).

a) (3a–2b)3; b) (3m–8n)(3m+8n); g) (5x+0,2y)3;
d) (0,5c–4d)3; e) (4p–3q)(4p+3q); v) (5+4a)3.
40 daamtkiceT, rom gamosaxuleba cvladis nebismieri mniSvnelobisaT-

vis Rebulobs:
a) –b2–25+10b aradadebiT mniSvnelobebs;
b) x2+6x+9 arauaryofiT mniSvnelobebs;
g) –(y+10)2–0,1 uaryofiT mniSvnelobebs;
d) 0,001+(a+100)2 dadebiT mniSvnelobebs.
41 ipoveT Secdoma:
a) (2x–b)2–(a–3)2=(2x–b–a–3)(2x–b+a+3);
b) ((–2)x–5a)2=4x2+10a+25a2;
g) 8m3+27k3=(2m+3k)(4m2+6mk+9k2);
d) 5(a–3)–4(3–a)2=(a–3)(5+4a–12);
e) 12mn2+24m2–4m=(3n2+6m).
2 2 2 2
a) (a - b - c) = a + b + c - 2ab + 2bc - 2ac ;
2 2 2 2
b) (x + y - z) = x + y + z + 2xy - 2xz - 2yz .
b a
b
43 daamtkiceT igiveoba: a) analizurad, b) geometriulad
a b
(naxazis mixedviT).
a
(a + b) 2 - (a - b) 2 = 4ab . b b b
a
44* warmoadgineT mravalwevris saxiT:
a) (x+y+1)2; b) (2x–y+3)2; g) (m2–5n2+4)2;
d) (3x+2y–2)2; e) (mn–2m–3n)2; v) (–5–y–2a)2.
211
IV Tavi
a) x2–14x+49; b) 4a2–12ab+9b2; g) 30t–9–25t2.
4 2 6 2 3 2
d) a - 8a + 16 ; e) a b + 12a b + 36 ; v) y - y - 0,25 ;
1 2
z) 9 - m + m 2 ; T) c 4 d 2 + 1 - 2c 2 d ; i) - 25 - 2n - 0,04n .
36
a) (p+2q)(2q–p); b) (xy–a)(xy+a); g) (x2–2)(2+x2);
d) (3u+2)(9u–6); e) (8x+8y)(3x–3y); v) (pq–q2)(p+q).
47 daamtkiceT, rom ori momdevno naturaluri ricxvis kvadratebis

sxvaoba am ricxvebis jamis tolia.
a) 6a+6b; b) 7m–21n; g) 18k2+9k; d) 16x2–24y2;
e) ax–ay; v) by–y; z) x2–x; T) x–x2;
i) 2mn+m; k) 6kp+3kg; l) 4a+8b+12c; m) 2x2y+4xy–2xy2.
a) 37,4(2a2–b2)+62,6(–b2+2a2); b) 3k2(3k2–5m2)+5m2(3k2–5m2);
g) (–37a–38b)2–(38b+37a)2; d) (25x–26y)2–(26y–25x)2.
a) 2 x 8 - 12x 4 + 18 ; b) - 2a 6 - 8a 3 b - 8b 2 ;
6 12
g) a 4 b + 6a 2 b 3 + 9b 5 ; d) 4 x + 4 xy + xy .
2 2
e) 3a 3 - 3ab 2 + a 2 b - b 3 ; v) 2 x - a y - 2a x + y ;
3 3 4 3
z) 3p - 2c - 3c p + 2 ; T) a - 24 + 8a - 3a .
1 3 9
i) 27a3b6+8m3; k) c n - m6 .
64
a) (x+1)2–4; b) (n–2)2–9; g) (a+b)2–4a2; d) 16–(a+5)2;
e) 81–(m–1)2; v) 49–(2m–3)2; z) 9(x+2)2–4; T) 4(a–3)2–25a2;
i) 64b2–(2b–1)2; k) 25–9(m+4)2; l) (x+2)2–(x–7)2; m) 4(a–3)2–9(a+1)2.
52 n2+n+41 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba, roca n∈{1;2; ...;40} martivi ricx-

vis Qtolia. iqneba Tu ara martivi ricxvi mocemiuli gamosaxulebis
mniSvneloba, roca n=40; 41? pasuxi daasabuTeT.
53* warmoadgineT namravlis saxiT:

2 2
a) x - y - 1,5( x - y) ; b) 4a 2 - b 2 - 2a + b ;
2 2
g) a 2 + 6b - b 2 - 9 ; d) x - 7 x + 7 y - y .
54* warmoadgineT mravalwevris saxiT:

2
1 1 1
a) (3a2+b)(3a2–b)+4b2; b)  a + b  +  a + b  a - b  ;
2  3  3 
2
 1 
g) (m2+n)2–(m2–n)2; d) 100 - 10 + bc  .
 5 
212

2 2
a) 1 - 25x + 10xy - y ; b) b 2 - a 2 - 12a - 36 ;
g) 81a 2 + 6bc - 9b 2 - c 2 ; d) b 2 c 2 - 4bc - b 2 - c 2 + 1 .

3 2
b) p - 2p + 2p - 1 ;
3 3 2 2
a) a - b + 5a b - 5ab ;
3 2 3 2
g) 8b + 6b + 3b + 1 ; d) a - 4a + 20a - 125 ;
3 3 2 2
e) x + y + 2 x - 2 xy + 2 y ;
3 3 2 2
v) a - b + 3a + 3ab + 3b ;
4 3 3 4
z) a + ab - a b - b ;
4 3 3 4
T) x + x y - xy - y .
57* daamtkiceT igiveoba:

2 2 4 2 2 4 3 3 3 3 6
a) (a + b )(a - a b + b ) - (a - b )(a + b ) = 2b ;
2 2 2 2 2 2
b) (a + b )(c + d ) = (ac + bd ) + (ad - bc ) (diofantes igiveoba).
58 SeavseT srul kvadratamde:

a) x2 + 8x + ? ; b) 4x2 – 20x + ? ; g) x2 + 9y2 + ? ; d) 16a2 – 24a + ? .
a) (2a+3b)3 – (a+2b)3; b) (a+b)3 + 64c3;
g) 8a3+12a2b+6ab2+b3+27c3; d) x3–9x2y+27xy2–27y3–z3;
e) a2–4ab+4b2–4a2–4ab–b2; v) (a–b)(a2+b2)+2(a–b)(a2+ab+b2)–3(a2–b2).
60 A da B punqtebidan, romelTa Soris manZili 2km-ia, erTdroulad

erTi da imave mimarTulebiT gaemarTa qveiTi da velosipedisti.
45 wT-is Semdeg maT Soris manZili gaxda 7 km. ra manZili iqneba maT
Soris 1,5 sT-is Semdeg, Tu cnobilia, rom maT Soris manZili sul
izrdeba?
61 a) a ricxvi 8-ze gayofisas iZleva naSTs 3-s, xolo b ricxvi 8-ze

gayofisas iZleva naSTs 5-s. ra naSTi miiReba ab-s 4-ze gayofisas?
b) a ricxvi 5-ze gayofisas iZleva naSTs 3-s, xolo b ricxvi 5-ze gayo
fisas iZleva naSTs 2-s. ra naSTi miiReba, Tu (a+b)(a–b)-s gayofT 5-ze?
a) (x–6) 2–x(x+8)=2; b) 9x(x+6)–(3x+1) 2=1;
g) (x–1)(x+1)=2(x–3) 2–x 2; d) (3x+1) 2–(3x–2)(2+3x)=17;
e) (x–1)(x 2+x+1)=0; v) (x+2)(x 2–2x+4)=7.
63 amoxseniT gantoleba x-is mimarT:

a) (a 2–4)x=a–2; b) (9–4a 2)x=2a–3;
g) (a 2–a)x=a 2–2a+1; d) (5a–1)x=25a 2–1.
64 gamoTvaleT:
a) 3,423–2,423–3·3,42·2,42; b)0,5053+3·0,495·0,505+0,4953+48·0,505+48·0,495.
65 daamtkiceT, rom Semdegi winadadeba WeSmaritia nebismieri natu

raluri n-sTvis:
a) (52n–1+52n+1+52n+3) 15; b) (3n+3n+1+3n+2) 39.
213
IV Tavi
1. 87 · 27 =
a) 27 ; b) 210; g) 211; d) 228.
320
2. 95 =
a) 34; b) 315; g) 310; d) 325.
3. 25 · 35 =
a) 55; b) 610; g) 65; d) 625.
4. 45 · 310 =
a) 610; b) 125; g) 1210; d) 715.
5. ra cifriT mTavrdeba 3711 + 1921 – 13610 gamosaxulebis mniSvneloba?

a) 6; b) 7; d) 8; g) 9.
6. 5x2y-5x(xy-y2) gamosaxulebis gamartivebiT miiReba:

a) 10x2y; b) 5xy2; g) 10x2y3; d) 5.
7. (m+5)(m–5) gamosaxulebidan miiReba:

a) 2m; b) m2 – 25; g) 2m – 10; d) 25.
8. 10 · 25 =
a) 320; b) 100; g) 25; d) 150.
9. Tu x=–1 da y=–1, maSin 3x3 – 5y2 gamosaxulebis mniSvnelobaa:

a) 2, b) 0, g) –8, d) 4.
10. (2x – 127)2 + (–x – 15)8 + 1 ≡ m, maSin

a) m>0; b) m<0; g) m=0; d) pasuxs ver gavcemT.
11. Tu a = 230, b = 1010, maSin

a) a>b, b) b>a, g) a=b, d) pasuxs ver gavcemT.
12. Semdegi cifrebidan romliT ar SeiZleba damTavrdes 3x?

a) 3, b) 9, g) 1, d) 2.
13. (2x2y3)3=
a) 8x5y6, b) 6x5y6, g) 8x6y9, d) 8x5y5.
214
14. a(x + 5) – 7 = 2x + 3 igiveobaa, roca a =
a) 1; b) 2; g) 3; d) 4.
15. a2 – 6a + 9 gamosaxulebis igivurad toli gamosaxulebaa:

a) (a–2)2; b) (a+3)2; g) (a–3)2; d) a2–9.
16. (2x – 3y)2 =

a) 4x2–6xy+9y2; b) 4x2–12xy+9y2; g) 4x2–9y2; d) 6xy.
17. (3c + 5a)(5a – 3c) =

a) 5a2–3c2; b) 25a2–9c2; g) 25a2 + 9c2; d) 9c2 – 25a2.
18. (3x–2)2–(3x+2)2=48 gantolebis amonaxsnia:

a) x=0; b) x=–2; g) x=2; d) x=3.
19. 3xy–y2+6x2–2xy mravalwevris mamravlebad daSliT miiReba:

a) (3x–y)(2x–y); b) (3x+y)(2x–y);
g) (3x–y)(2x+y); d) (3x–2y)(3x+2y).
20. a2–x2 – 2xy – y2 =

a) (a+x+y)2; b) (a–x–y)2;
g) (a–x–y)(a+x+y); d) 2axy.
21. a-sa da b-s jamis arasruli kvadratia:

a) a2+b2; b) (a+b)2; g) a2+ab+b2; d) a2+2ab+b2.
22 8x3–27y3 =
a) (2x–3y)(2x+3y); b) (2x–3y)(4x2+6xy+9y2);
g) (2x+3y)(4x2–6xy+9y2); d) –19x3y3.
23 (x–2)3=
a) x3 + 6x2 + 6x2 + 8; b) x3 – 6x2 + 12x – 8;
g) x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8; d) x3 – 8.
1782–502
24 1642–642 =
a) 1,78; b) 1,28; g) 1,64; d) 1,34.
24 87472 – 87442 iyofa:

a) 2-ze; b) 3-ze; g) 5-ze; d) 6-ze.
215
V Tavi
1. mimdevroba
1. nikam legos figurebiT pirvel naxazze gamosaxuli

formis `kedeli~ aago.
a) ramdeni legos figura iqneba 25-e rigSi, Tu pirvel rigSi
100 legos figura devs.
b)* ramdeni legos figura daWirdeba 100 rigis Sevsebas?
amoxsna: a) naxazze advilad SeamCnevT, rom yovel Semdeg

rigSi 1 figuriT naklebi devs. amitom, Tu pirvel rigSi
legos 100 figuraa, maSin meoreSi 100–1=99 figura iqneba, mesameSi
100–2=98, meoTxeSi 100–3=97 da a.S. albaT amCnevT kanonzomierebas!
_ 25-e rigSi iqneba 100–24=76 legos figura. rigebSi figurebis
raodenobas Tu TanmimdevrobiT CamovwerT, miviRebT naturalur
ricxvTa Semdeg mimdevrobas: ,

romelic SeiZleba ase davaxasiaToT:
mimdevrobis pirveli wevria 100, bolo 1, amave dros yoveli wevri
1-iT naklebia wina wevrze.
b) figuraTa saerTo raodenoba tolia mimdevrobis wevrTa jamis.
100+99+98+...+46+45+...+3+2+1 =
= (100+1)+(99+2)+(98+3)+ ... +(51+50) =
= 101 + 101 + ... + 101 = 101·50 = 5050
50-jer
davajgufoT Semdegnairad
e.i. saWiroa 5050 legos figura. sul 50 Sesakrebia
amocana 1.
avtomanqana, romelmac zestafonidan Tbilisisken daiwyo mo
Zraoba, 1 saaTis Semdeg quTaisidan 95 km-iT daSorebuli aRmoCnda,
2 saaTis Semdeg 155 km-iT, 3 sT-is Semdeg – 215 km-iT. xolo 4 sT-is
Semdeg 275 km-iT. ra manZiliT iqneba daSorebuli avtomanqana
quTaisidan 7 saaTis Semdeg, Tu vigulisxmebT, rom igi moZraobda
Tanabrad.
amoxsna: ricxvTa 95, 155, 215, 275, ... mimdevroba gviCvenebs, rom
avtomanqanasa da quTaiss Soris manZili yovel saaTSi 60 km-iT
izrdeba, anu mimdevrobis yoveli wevri winaze 60-iT metia. Tu
Tqven mimdevrobas gaagrZelebT momdevno sami wevriT, miiRebT,
rom 7 saaTis Semdeg es manZili 455 km-is toli iqneba, magram risi
toli iqneba am mimdevrobis 105-e, 237-e da a.S. wevrebi? am da sxva
SekiTxvebze pasuxs momdevno klasebSi gavcemT.
ganxilul mimdevrobas mudmivi nazrdis mqone mimdevroba

ewodeba.
216
?  moiyvaneT mudmivi nazrdis mqone ricxviT mimdevrobaTa
magaliTebi.
amocana 2. bonaCis vaJiSvili

leonardo (daaxl.
SemoRobil adgilSi axladdabadebuli wyvili kurdReli gauSves.
patrons ainteresebs, Tu ramdeni wyvili kurdReli daugrovdeba 1180-1240 w.) daibada
italiaSi qalaq
mas 1 wlis mere. cnobilia, rom wyvili kurdReli erTi Tvis Semdeg pizaSi. mas pizelebs
yovel TveSi aCens axal wyvils, xolo axaldabadebuli wyvili ki mokled fibonaCis
_ ori Tvis Semdeg Tavis dabadebidan. (bonaCis vaJiSvili)
eZaxdnen.
es amocana 1202 wels leonardo fibonaCim ganixila Tavis naSromSi
“wigni abakze” (berZn. - saangariSo CarCo). am amocanas amoxsnis
procesSi miiReba SesaniSnavi mimdevroba.
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, ...
romelic fibonaCis mimdevrobis saxeliTaa cnobili.
daakvirdiT am mimdevrobis wevrebs. SeecadeT, ipovoT is

kanonzomiereba, rasac fibonaCim miagno.
Tu ver mixvdebiT, gaiTvaliswineT Cveni rCeva:
daakvirdiT ricxvebs dawyebuli mesamedan, rogor miiReba igi
wina ricxvebisagan? miageniT? yoCaR. maSin ipoveT me-12 wevri.
Tu sworad daTvaleT, miiRebdiT, rom erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
wyvilebis raodenoba iqneba 144.
magaliTi.
mocemuli mimdevrobis wevrebs Soris ipoveT kanonzomiereba da
gaagrZele igi 3 wevriT:
a) 4, 8, 16. 32, ... b) 4, 8, 13, 19, ... g) –1, 1, -1, 1,... d) 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, ... ;
e) ipoveT `d~ mimdevrobis 565-e wevri.
amoxsna:
a) yoveli Semdegi wevri miiReba wina wevris 2-ze gamravlebiT.
64,
e.i. sami momdevno wevri iqneba: 64, 128, 256.
b) meore ricxvi pirvelze 4-iT metia. mesame meoreze 5-iT metia.

meoTxe mesameze ki 6-iT metia. e.i. mimdevrobis wevrebi izrdeba
jer 4-iT, Semdeg 5-iT, Semdeg 6-iT, da a.S.
momdevno sami wevria 26, 34, 43.
217
V Tavi
g) da d) mimdevrobebSi wevrebi periodulad meordeba:
g) –1, 1, –1, 1, –1, 1, –1. d) 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1;
e) 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, 2, 1, 1, . . . mimdevrobaSi wevrebi periodulad meordeba.
mimdevrobis periodia `2,1,1~. 565-is 3-ze gayofisas naSTi 1-is

tolia. e.i. 656-e wevri iqneba 2 (igive, rac pirveli wevri).

CasviT mimdevrobis gamotovebuli wevrebi:
1. 1, 8, 27, ? , ? , ? ;
2. 1, 4, ? , 27, ? , ? ;
3. 2, 7, 12, 17, ? , ? , ? ;
4. a+1, 3a+1, 5a+1, ? , ? , ? ;
5. 3x, 6x, ? , 12x, ? , ? .
savarjiSoebi:
1 dawereT mimdevrobis pirveli 5 wevri, Tu pirveli wevria 7 da
yoveli momdevno wevri winaze: a) 3-iT metia; b) 4-iT naklebia;
g) 7-iT naklebia; d) 2-jer metia; e) 2-jer naklebia.
2 ricxvia mocemuli mimdevroba gaagrZeleT 4 ricxviT:

a) 11, 21, 31, ...; b) 8, 10, 13, 17, ...;
g) 5, 5, 10, 15, 25, ...; d) 3, 0, –3, ...;
1 1 1
e) 1, 2 , 4 , , ... ; v) 1 , 19 , 27
1
, ... ;
8 3
z) a+4, 2a+4, 3a+4, ...; T) a–1, a–3, a–5, ... .
3 yovel deda futkars ori biologiuri mSobeli

hyavs – deda futkari da mama futkari. magram
yovel mama futkars erTi mSobeli hyavs - mama
futkari. daxazeT deda futkris 7 Taobis winaprebis
genealogiuri xe. daadgineT, ramdeni winapari hyolia
1 deda futkars yovel TaobaSi.
4 nodars macivarSi 700 dolari unda gadaexada.

aprilSi mas 200 dolari hqonda, maisSi - 250 dolari,
ivnisSi - 300 dolari. romel TveSi SeZlebs nodari
mzesumzira kargi magal iTia macivris yidvas, Tu is yovelTviurad 50 dolariT
fibonaCis mimdevrobisa. yovel zrdis danazogs.
wreSi marcvlebis raodenoba
wina or wreSi marcvlebis raode- 5 dawereT samkuTxa da oTxkuTxa ricxvebis mim
nobis jamis tolia.
devrobis eqvsi wevri. rogor daaxasiaTebT am mimdev
robebs.
218
1. mimdevroba
piTagorelebs ricxvebi wertilebis saxiT hqondaT warmodgenili. maT-

Tvis ricxvi `sami~ simyarisa da simtkicis gamomxatveli simbolo iyo.
sibrtyeze aRebuli sami wertilis eqvswertilovani aTwertilovani

monakveTebiT SeerTebiT vRebu- samkuTxedi. samkuTxedi.
lobT samkuTxeds.
ricxvebs 3, 6, 10, 15, 21, 28, ... samkuTxa ricxvebi ewodeba.

3 = 1 + 2
6 = 1 + 2 + 3
10 = 1 + 2 + 3 + 4
4, 9, 16,... kvadratuli
ricxvebia
5, 12, 22, ... xuTkuTxa

ricxvebia
mravalkuTxa ricxvebs figurul ricxvebs uwodeben.
6* naxazze mocemulia isarTa mimdevroba.
rogor fiqrobT, ra mimarTuleba eqneba me-6 isars. ra
sigrZis iqneba me-8 isari da ra mimarTuleba eqneba mas.
7* naxazze mocemulia kvadratebis mimdevroba. pirveli
kvadratis zomebia 16×16. yoveli Semdegi kvadratis
wvero wina kvadratis gverdebis Sua wertilebia.
a) ipoveT naxazze mocemuli kvadratebis farTobebi.
b) ras udris aseTi wesiT Sedgenili mimdevrobis me-8
kvadratis farTobi. daaxasiaTeT Sesabamis farTobTa
mimdevroba.
219
V Tavi
8* ipoveT qvemoT mocemuli perioduli mimdevrobis 377-e wevri:
a) 3, 5, 7, 9, 3, 5, 7, 9, 3, . . . b) 2, –2, 2, –2, 2, –2, . . .
g) 3, 9, 7, 1, 0, 3, 9, 7, 1, 0, 3, . . . d) –1, 0, 1, –1, 0, 1, . . .
9 ricxvTa mocemuli mimdevroba gaagrZeleT ori sxvadasxva

xerxiT.
a) 2, 4, 8, ... b) 3, 9, 27, ...
10 SeamCnieT kanonzomiereba da gaagrZeleT sami wevriT:
a)
b) 2,31; 2,313; 2,3131; ... g) a, e, i, n, . . . d)
e)* SeavseT ori wevriT. daakvirdiT ras gviCvenebs kvadratebSi

Cawerili ricxvebi
1 1
2 2
1 1
1 1
1 2 5
1 1
3 3
11 daakvirdiT mocemul mimdevrobas, daadgineT kanonzomiereba

da mixvdiT, romeli figuraa aq zedmeti?
a)
b)
12 SeamCnieT kanonzomiereba da gaagrZeleT ramdenime wevriT:

a) 2, 6, 3, 9, 6, ... ; b) 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13 ... ;
g) 1, 4, 2, 8, 6, ... ; d) 1, 1, 2, 4, 5, 25 ... .
13* dawereT cvladiani gamosaxuleba, romelic gamoxatavs

mimdevrobis wevrebs Soris kanonzomierebas:
a) 2, 5, 10, 17, 26, 37, ... ; b) 8, 11, 16, 23, 32, ... ;
g) 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, 35, ... ; d) 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, ... .
220
1. mimdevroba
14* ricxviT RerZze mdebare AB monakveTi C wertiliT iyofa g

SefardebiT AC:BC=1:4. ipoveT C wertilis koordinatebi, Tu:
a) A(–5) da B(10); b) A(–7) da B(13).
1 5 1
a) 1 43 –5x=2 43 : `- 3 2 j ; b) 20x+0,4·`- 6 4 j = `- 8 j:`- 28 j .
3
16 CawereT wreebSi ricxvebi ise, rom yoveli ricxvi iyos mis

qvemoT moTavsebuli ricxvebis udidesi saerTo gamyofi.
3·24 52·23 5·22 3·24 72 144 96 48
CawereT gamotovebuli ricxvi:
4
4 14 6
6 18 5 10 4 22 1 4
9 13 7 9 26 7 10
18
proeqti damoukidebeli kvlevisTvis:

dawereT Tema: „figuruli ricxvebi, srulyofili da martivi
ricxvebi“. saWiro informacia moipoveT saxelmZRvanelos bolos
miTiTebul literaturaSi da internet misamarTze.
221
V Tavi
2. sakoordinato sibrtye
geografiidan kargad iciT, rom dedamiwaze wertilis mde

bareobis gansasazRvrad saWiroa vicodeT misi geografiuli
koordinatebi - grZedi da ganedi, risTvisac rukaze daxazulia
meridianebisa da paralelebis bade. magaliTad, rukaze advilad
vipoviT, rom Tbilisi imyofeba 44°50´ grZedsa da 41°40´ ganedze,
Tbilisis koordinatebi ase Caiwereba: 44°50´; 41°40´.
Wadrakis dafazec figuris mdebareoba

ori monacemiT xasiaTdeba. magaliTad,
nax.-ze etli mdebareobs g5-ze, xolo
cxeni b2-ze.
aseve ori koordinatiT ganisazRvreba

wertilis mdebareoba sibrtyezec.
arsebobs legenda, rom erTxel, XVI saukunis didi frangi

maTematikosi da filosofosi rene dekarti (1596-1650) mTeli
dRe iwva da uyurebda, Tu rogor dabobRavdnen buzebi Werze. man
daiwyo fiqri imaze, Tu rogor SeiZleboda daedgina buzis zusti
mdebareoba Werze da mas gauCnda sibrtyeze koordinatTa sistemis
Semotanis idea.
koordiantebis SemoRebis idea geografiis, astronomiis

da zRvaosnobis ganviTarebam warmoSva jer kidev Cvens
welTaRricxvamde Zvel saberZneTsa da babilonSi. II
s-Si Cvens eramde berZenma swavlulma hiparqma dedami-
wis zedapiris wertili geografiuli koordinatebiT
_ grZediTa da ganediT gansazRvra. mogvianebiT, XVII
s-Si, frangma maTematikosma da filosofosma r. dek-
artma (1596-1650) Semoitana sakoordinato sistema
(koordinatebi pirvelad frangma maTematikosma pier
fermam SemoiRo), romliTac dRemde vsargeblobT, da
amiT safuZveli Cauyara algebrul meTods _ geome-
triaSi. koordinatTa meTodis damuSavebisas dekartma
rene dekarti
SemoiRo cvladi sidide da daiwyo cvlad sidideTa
(1596-1650 w.w.) Soris damokidebulebebis Seswavla. man geometriuli
figurebi sakoordinato sibrtyeze pirvelma Cawera
algebruli gantolebebiT, ramac safuZveli
`vazrovneb, maSasadame varsebob~ daudo maTematikis axal dargs _ analizur
rene dekarti geometrias.
222
aviRoT ori urTierTmarTobuli koor-
dinatTa RerZi ise, rogorc 1-el naxazzea
naCvenebi. horizontalur RerZs abscisaTa
RerZi ewodeba da x asoTi aRiniSneba. ver-
tikalur RerZs ordinatTa RerZi - y Re-
rZi. gadakveTis O wertils, romelic orive
RerZisTvis aTvlis saTavea, koordinatTa
saTave ewodeba.
abscisaTa da ordinatTa RerZebi marT
kuTxa koordinatTa sistemas qmnian. si-
brtyes ki, romelzec mocemulia marTkuTxa
koordinatTa sistema sakoordinato si
brtye ewodeba. x da y RerZebi sibrtyes 4
nawilad – 4 saakordinato meoTxedad yofs
(nax. 1). nax. 1
sakoordinato sibrtyeSi movniSnoT A wer-
y
tili (nax. 2). A wertilidan x da y RerZebze E(0;6)
davuSvaT marTobebi. abscisaTa RerZze 5
daSvebuli marTobis fuZe aris wertili, 4
romlis koordinatia –5, xolo ordinatTa A
3
RerZze daSvebuli marTobis fuZe ki wer 2
tili koordinatiT 3. wertilTa wyvils 1 B(5;0)
(–5;3)-s A wertilis koordinatebi ewode- –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 x
1 2 3 4 5
baT. –5-s A wertilis abscisas, xolo 3-s A –1
wertilis ordinatas uwodeben. wertilis –2 K
koordinatebidan pirvel adgilze abscisa, –3
xolo meoreze – ordinata iwereba. e.i. P
A(–5;3) ikiTxeba: A wertili koordinatebiT
–5 da 3.
me-2 naxazze mocemulia P(–2;–4) da K(3;–2).
nax. 2
Tu wertili abscisaTa RerZze mdebareobs,
maSin misi ordinata nulia, xolo, Tu abscisaTa RerZze mdebare werti
wertili ordinatTa RerZze mdebareobs, lebis ordinatebi 0-is tolia.
maSin misi abscisaa O-is toli (nax. 2) (ra- ordinatTa RerZze mdebare wer
tom?), radgan O wertili orive RerZze tilebis abscisa 0-is tolia
mdebareobs, amitom O(0,0). O (0;0).
 daadgineT wertilTa koordinatebis niSnebi, Tu es

? wertili mdebareobs:
a) I sakoordinato meoTxedSi:
b) II sakoordinato meoTxedSi;
g) III sakoordinato meoTxedSi;
d) IV sakoordinato meoTxedSi.
223
V Tavi
1. ipoveT 1-el naxazze y

mocemuli A, B, C, D, M,
5
N, K, P wertilTa koor- A
4
dinatebi. daakvirdiT
M 3
miRebul koordinatebs N B K P
da gamoitaneT daskvna: 2
rogori mdebareoba 1
aqvs sakoordinato si- –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
brtyeze wert il ebs, –1
romelTac toli aqvs: D –2
a) abscisebi; –3
b) ordinatebi.
nax. 1
y amovxsnaT Sebrunebuli amocana. avagoT sib

rtyeze wertili, Tu cnobilia misi koordinatebi.
5 magaliTad, M(–2;3) wertili.
4
M(–2;3) abscisaTa RerZze movZebnoT wertili, romlis
3
abscisaa –2, am wertilze gavataroT abscisaTa
2
RerZis marTobuli (y RerZis paraleluri) wrfe.
1
ordinatTa RerZze movZebnoT wertili, romlis
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 x ordinataa 3 da am wertilze gavataroT ordi
–1
natTa RerZis marTobuli (x RerZis paraleluri)
–2 wrfe.
–3 am wrfeebis gadakveTis wertili iqneba M(–2;3).
?  marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeze ipoveT Semdegi wertilebi:

A(–3;–2); B(1;–7); C(2;5); D(–1;5); E(0;7); F(3;0).
y
magaliTi 1.
4 marTkuTxa sakoordinato sistemaSi aageT
A B
3 ABCD marTkuTxedi da ipoveT a) misi perimetri
2 da farTobi, Tu A(–2;3); B(4;3); C(4;–5); D(–2;–5).
1
amoxsna:
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1 avagoT marTkuTxedis wveroebi da SevaerToT
–2 mimdevrobiT.
–3 naxazis mixedviT advilad davadgenT, rom AB=8
–4 da BC=6.
D –5 C P ABCD=2(AB+BC)=28 (erT).
S ABCD=AB·BC=8·6=48 (kv.erT).
224

1. marTkuTxa sakoordinato sistemis horizontalur RerZs ? . RerZi, xolo
vertikalur RerZs ? RerZi ewodeba.
2. Tu M(a;b) da a) a>0 da b>0, maSin M ? meoTxedis wertilia;
b) a>0 da b<0, maSin M ? meoTxedis wertilia;
g) a<0 da b<0, maSin M ? meoTxedis wertilia;
d) a<0 da b>0, maSin M ? meoTxedis wertilia;
e) Tu a=0, maSin M wertili mdebareobs ? ;
v) Tu b=0, maSin M wertili mdebareobs ? .
3. Tu M wertilis abscisa dadebiTia, maSin M wertili mdebareobs
? an ? meoTxedSi.
4. Tu wertili abscisaTa RerZis qvemoT mdebareobs, maSin misi ordinata ? .
5. toli abscisis mqone wertilebi mdebareobs ? paralelur wrfeze.
6. toli ordinatebis mqone wertilebi mdebareobs ? paralelur wrfeze.
savarjiSoebi:
y
1 ipoveT naxazze mocemul wertilTa koordinatebi:
a) ra saerTo TvisebiT xasiaTdeba FL wrfis wer B
5
C 4
tilebi, BC wrfis wertilebi;
F E
b) FL wrfisa da abscisaTa RerZis gadakveTis wer- 3
A
tilis koordinatebi; 2
g) FE wrfisa da y RerZis gadakveTis wertilis K
1
N
koordinatebi. –4 –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 x
–1
2 sakoordinato sibrtyeSi aageT Semdegi wertilebi: L M
–2
A(3;2), B(2;2), C(7;–3), D(0;0), E(–3;0), –3
K(–4;–5), F(0;–2), G(–1;–1), M(–4;5), P(–4;–2).
3 daadgineT (zepirad) romel meoTxedSi mdebareobs Semdegi wertili?
A(5;2), B(–7;4), E(–3;–2), K(5;–3),
C(–3;8), G(–1;–7), M(3;0), N(0;3).
4 aageT ∆MKF, Tu M(–3;2), F(0;–7), K(5;–1).
5 mocemulia EFKP marTkuTxedis sami wveros koordinatebi:

E(3;1); F(3; –4); K (–4; –4): a) ipoveT P wertilis koordinatebi;
b) gamoTvaleT marTkuTxedis farTobi;
g) ipoveT marTkuTxedis gverdebis Sua wertilTa koordinatebi.
6* marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeSi daxazeT ∆ABC, Tu A(4;–3), B(2;1) da

C(0;–1). TiToeuli wertilis abscisa gaadideT 3 erTeuliT, xolo ordinatTa
4 erTeuliT daxazeT miRebuli DEF samkuTxedi. rogoria DEF samkuTxedis
forma da mdebareoba ABC samkuTxedis mimarT.
225
V Tavi
7* daxazeT ABC samkuTxedi, Tu A(2;2), B(2;6), C(7;6).
a) gaamravleT TiToeuli wertilis abscisa –1-ze, ordinatebi
ki ucvleli datoveT. daxazeT miRebuli A1B1C1 samkuTxedi;
b) gaamravleT rogorc x, aseve y koordinatebi –1-ze da daxazeT
miRebuli A2B2C2 samkuTxedi. rogoria ∆A1B1C1 da ∆A2B2C2-is forma
da mdebareoba Tavdapirveli ABC samkuTxedis mimarT.
y 8 marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeze mocemulia
4
3
K wiri. ipoveT:
2 a) wiris M da K wertilebis koordinatebi;
1 b) wiris abscisaTa RerZTan kveTis wertilTa
0
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 3 4 5 6 x koordinatebi;
–1
M
–2
g) wiris is wertili, romlis abscisa 2-is tolia;
–3 d) wiris is wertilebi, romelTa ordinata –1,5-is
tolia, 2-is tolia.
9 sakoordinato sibrtyeSi aageT A(–3;–6) da B(2;4) wertilebi.

AB wrfeze aiReT nebismieri sami wertili da ipoveT misi
koordinatebi.
10 sakoordinato sibrtyeSi aageT M(x;y) wertili, roca x = 0; –1;
3; 5, Tu y = 2x – 1.
rogor arian ganlagebuli es wertilebi sibrtyeze erTmaneTis
mimarT?
11 marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeSi moniSneT:
a) M(–2;–4) da N(–2;5); b) M(–2;3) da N(4;3).
ra saerTo Tviseba aqvT da riT gansxvavdebian MN wrfis
wertilebi. Tqveni mosazrebis dasasabuTeblad MN wrfeze
aiReT romelime sami wertili da ipoveT maTi koordinatebi.
12 marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeSi aageT wertilebi:
a) A(2;–6); B(2;–3); C(2;1); D(2;4); E(2;7);
b) M(–5;–2); N(–2;–2); K(0;–2); P(1;–2); F(5;–2).
ipoveT AB da MN wrfeTa gadakveTis wertilis koordinatebi.
C
13 ipoveT naxazze gamosaxuli wertilebis
N koordinatebi.
a) A; B; K; P; L; R; b) C; D; M; N; Q; S.
S
1 ra saerTo TvisebebiT xasiaTdebian es
P L K 1 A B R wertilebi?
0
14 sakoordinato sibrtyeze moniSneT yvela
D is wertili, romelTa koordinatebisTvis
sruldeba: a) x=0; b) y=0.
M ra geometriul figuras qmnis am wertilTa
erToblioba?
Q
226
15 rogor iqnebian ganTavsebuli sakoordinato sibrtyeze

yvela wertili, romelTa abscisa tolia:
a) 5; b) –7; g) 9; d) –1.
16 rogor arian ganTavsebuli sakoordinato sibrtyeze yvela

wertili, romelTa ordinata tolia:
a) 3; b) –4; g) 8; d) –4.
17 qalaqis mosaxleoba wlis bolos 910 000 iyo. ipoveT mosaxleobis

g
raodenoba wlis dasawyisSi, Tu mosaxleobis namati am wlis
ganmavlobaSi 4% Seadgenda.
18* Semdegi gamosaxulebebi SeadareT 0-s.

a) 5a2+b4+7; b) –x2y, Tu y<0; g) 2–x3, x<0; d) –xy–y4, Tu x>0, y>0.
19 daamtkiceT, rom mTeli ricxvis da amave ricxvis kvadratis

jami luwi ricxvia.
20 daamtkiceT, rom abc da cba ricxvebis sxvaoba, sadac a≠0, c≠0,

11-is jeradia.
21 daamtkiceT, rom
a) 2-is sami momdevno xarisxi naturaluri maCvenebliT, 14-is
jeradia;
b) 5-is ori momdevno xarisxi naturaluri maCvenebliT, 30-is
jeradia.
22 daamtkiceT, rom
a) Tu ab+c2=0, maSin (a+c)(b+c)+(a–c)(b–c)=0;
b) Tu a+b=9, maSin (a+1)(b+1)–(a–1)(b–1)=18.
227
V Tavi
3. funqciis cneba
amocana 1. giorgim manqanis SesaZenad 1000 lari isesxa, im pirobiT, rom

yovelTviurad nasesxebi Tanxis 3%-s gadaixdida. ra Tanxa unda daabru-
nos giorgim x Tvis Semdeg?
3
yovelTviurad giorgim unda gadaixados 1000∙ 100 = 30 lari. maSasadame,
Tu giorgi Tanxas daabrunebs
1 Tvis Semdeg, man unda daabrunos (1000+30) lari;

2 Tvis Semdeg, man unda daabrunos (1000+2∙30) lari;
3 Tvis Semdeg, man unda daabrunos (1000+3∙30) lari;
_______________________
x Tvis Semdeg man unda daabrunos (1000+30x) lari.
Tu dasabrunebel Tanxas y-iT aRvniSnavT, miviRebT formulas:
y = 1000 + 30x (1)
(1) toloba or x da y cvlads Seicavs. magram maT erTdroulad nebi-
smier mniSvnelobebs ver mivaniWebT.
fulis gasesxebisas
magaliTad, Tu x=1, maSin y=1030
martivi procentis Tu x=5, maSin y=1150
formuliT sargeblo Tu x=12, maSin y=1360
ben: Tu gasesxebulia
A Tanxa P%-iT, maSin e.i. x-is yovel dadebiT mniSvnelobas y-is garkveuli mniSvneloba
n Tvis Semdeg mevale Seesabameba, rac SesaZlebelia ase CavweroT: x → y
daabrunebs: kerZod, x →1000 + 30x
P x-ica da y-ic mniSvnelobebs dadebiT ricxvTa simravlidan iRebs,
A(1 + n· 100 )
magram ra ricxvs gautoldeba y cvladi damokidebulia x cvladis-
Tvis miniWebul mniSvnelobaze.
amocana 2. qveiTi moZraobs 6km/sT siCqariT. ra manZils gaivlis igi x sT-Si?

Tu gavlil manZils y-iT aRvniSnavT, miviRebT:
y = 6x (2)
(2) tolobidan SeiZleba davadginoT, rom 1 sT-is Semdeg (Tu x=1) qveiTs
gavlili eqneba 6 km (y=6); 5 sT-is Semdeg (x=5) ki _ 30 km, e.i. y=30 da a. S. am
SemTxvevaSic, rogorc 1-el amocanaSi, miviReT: x cvladis yovel mniSvn-
elobas Seesabameba y cvladis garkveuli mniSvneloba.
x → y. kerZod, x → 6x
orive amocanaSi ricxviTi simravleebis elementebs Soris sxvadasxva
wesiT davamyareT damokidebuleba.
I SemTxvevaSi Tanadobis wesi iyo Semdegi: x → 1000 + 30x
II SemTxvevaSi _ x cvladis nebismier mniSvnelobas SevusabameT masze
6-jer meti ricxvi: x → 6x
albaT, xvdebiT, rom Tanadobis wesi SesaZlebelia uamravi movigonoT.
228
magaliTad:
amocana 3. nebismier ricxvs SevusabamoT misi kvadrati.

x → x .
2
anu 3 → 9
–3 → 9
5 → 25
–5 → 25 da a. S.
miviRebT y = x2 formulas.
Sesabamisobis damyareba SesaZlebelia ara marto ricxviTi, aramed
nebismieri simravleebis elementebs Sorisac. magaliTad,
amocana 4. ganvixiloT Tqveni saklaso oTaxis merxebisa da Tqveni
klasis moswavleTa simravle.
maT elementebs Soris davamyaroT aseTi Sesabamisoba: yovel merxs Sevu-
sabamoT is moswavle, romelic am merxTan zis. aRmoCndeba: yovel merxs
Seesabameba erTi, ori an arc erTi moswavle.
amocana 5. davamyaroT damokidebuleba diamet B
risa da wrewiris wertilebs Soris ise, rogorc es
1-el naxazzea. A2A1⊥MN, B2B1⊥MN.
A → A1
A → A2
B → B1
B → B2
M→M nax. 1
N → N da a. S.
e.i. diametris yovel X wertils SevusabameT wrewiris is X1 da X2 wer-
tilebi, romlebSiac gadakveTs wrewirs X wertilSi diame-
tris marTobulad gavlebuli wrfe.
amocana 6. ganvixiloT MON kuTxe da AB da A1B1 monakveTe-
bi, romelTa boloebi MON kuTxis gverdebzea (nax. 2). nebis
mieri OK sxivi, romelic gadis MON kuTxis gverdebs Soris,
gadakveTs rogorc AB, ise A1B1 monakveTs Sesabamisad X da X1
wertilebSi. AB monakveTis wertilebs SevusabamoT A1B1 mo
nakveTis wertilebi Semdegnairad: A→A1
B→B1
X→X1 da a. S. nax. 2
am Sesabamisobis drosac AB monakveTis yovel wertils
Seesabameba A1B1 monakveTis erTi garkveuli wertili.
amocana 7. sibrtyis wertilebs Soris davamyaroT Se-

sabamisoba aseTi wesiT: marTkuTxa sakoordinato si- A 5 B
brtyis nebismier A(x;y), SevusabamoT B(x+5;y).
A(x;y) → B(x+5;y). 1 2 3 4 5 6
229
nax. 3
V Tavi
Tu zemoTmoyvanil magaliTebSi yuradRebas ar mivaqcevT ganx-
iluli sidideebis fizikur arss, davinaxavT, rom nebismieri ori
X da Y simravlis elementebs Soris Sesabamisobis damyareba Sesa-
Zlebelia sxvadasxva wesiT.
Cveni interesis sagans warmoadgens iseTi Sesabamisobebi, roca
X simravlis nebismier x elements Seesabameba Y simravlis erTad-
erTi y elementi.
X da Y simravleebs Soris Sesabamisobas, roca X simravlis

yovel elements Y simravlis erTaderTi elementi Seesa
bameba, ewodeba funqcia X simravlisa Y simravleSi.
 paragrafSi mocemul amocanebSi ganxiluli Sesabamisobebidan

? romelia asaxva?
 moifiqreT or simravles Soris iseTi Sesabamisoba, romelic
a) iqneba funqcia; b) ar iqneba asaxva.
yovelive zemoTqmuli SesaZlebelia sqematurad ase gamovsaxoT:

ganvixiloT nebismieri ori A da B simravle. simbolurad isini
naxazze wiTlad (A simravle) da mwvaned (B simravle) Sevafera-
doT. vTqvaT, a1,a2,a3,...∈A, xolo b1,b2,b3,...∈B. A da B simravlis el-
ementebs Soris davamyaroT Sesabamisoba, rogorc 1-el naxazzea
naCvenebi (isari gviCvenebs, Tu A simravlis romel elements B
simravlis romeli elementi Seesabameba).
a) b)
A B A
B
g)
A
B
nax. 1
ganmartebis Tanaxmad, a) da g) SemTxvevaSi Sesabamisoba funqciaa,

xolo b)-Si _ ara, radgan a1 elements Seesabameba rogorc b1, aseve
b2 elementi (e. i. ara erTi, aramed ori elementi B simravlidan).
X da Y simravleebs Soris Sesabamisobis wess f, g, ϕ,... asoebiT
aRniSnaven.
230
3. funqciis cneba
funqciis Casawerad, romelic X da Y simravleebs Soris Sesabam-

isobas raime f wesiT amyarebs, miRebulia Semdegi aRniSvnebi
f
X→ Y an f: X→Y
an kidev, y=f(x)
sadac x∈X, y∈Y da Sesabamisobis f wesiT x elements Seesabameba y
elementi. magaliTad, me-2 amocanaSi
f: x→6x niSnavs: f funqcia nebismier ricxvs
an f(x)=6x Seusabamebs masze 6-jer met ricxvs.
(vkiTxulobT: f x-isa tolia 6x-is)
e.i.
f: 2 → 12 f funqcia ricxv 2-s Seusabamebs
anu f(2)=12 ricxv 12-s.
(vkiTxulobT: f 2-isa tolia 12-is).
Canaweri f(2) niSnavs _ f funqciis mniSvnelobas, roca x = 2.

f(a) niSnavs _ f funqciis mniSvnelobas, roca x = a.
e. i. f: a → 6a anu f(a) = 6a.
zogjer x da y cvladebs Soris funqciur damokidebulebas asec
aRniSnaven: y=y(x). y(1), y(a), y(x) imave Sinaarsis Semcvelia, rac
f(1), f(a), f(x).
rogorc vnaxeT, x cvladma X simravlidan SeiZleba nebismierad
miiRos raime mniSvneloba. x cvlads damoukidebel cvlads anu
arguments uwodeben, xolo y-s _ damokidebul cvlads anu
funqcias, radgan misi mniSvneloba damokidebulia argumentis
mniSvnelobaze da Tanadobis f wesze.
simravles, saidanac argumenti iRebs mniSvnelobebs, funqciis
gansazRvris are ewodeba, xolo damokidebuli y cvladis mier
miRebuli mniSvnelobebi funqciis mniSvnelobaTa simravles
qmnis.
funqciis gansazRvris are D(y)-iT an D(f)-iT aRvniSnoT.
maSasadame, mocemul y = f(x) funqciaSi:
x _ argumentia, y _ funqcia (x-is), f _ Sesabamisobis wesi.
didi germaneli maTematikosi gotfrid vilhelm laib-

nici daibada germaniis qalaq laifcigSi. laifcigisa
da ienis universitetebSi igi eufleboda filosofias
da iurisprudencias. misi interesis sferoSi Sedioda
filosofia, maTematika, fizika, logika, iurispruden-
cia, paleontologia, istoria da sxv. man da udidesma
ingliselma mecnierma niutonma erTmaneTisgan da-
moukideblad safuZveli Cauyares maTematikis mniS-
vnelovan dargs _ maTematikur analizs. laibnicma
SemoiRo maTematikaSi sayovelTaod xmarebuli bevri
gotfrid vilhelm
termini: funqcia, abscisa, ordinata, diferenciali,
laibnici
algoriTmi da sxva.
(1646-1716)
231
V Tavi
magaliTi 1.
adamianebsa da maTsave dabadebis TariRebs Soris davamyaroT Se-
sabamisoba:
a) adamiani → dabadebis TariRi b) dabadebis TariRi → adamiani.
aris Tu ara ganxiluli Sesabamisoba funqcia (pasuxi daasabu-
TeT)?
amoxsna:
a) radgan yovel adamians erTi dabadebis TariRi aqvs, amitom Ta-
nadoba aris funqcia.
b) araa funqcia, radgan yoveli TariRi erTze meti adamianis
dabadebis TariRia.

1. Sesabamisobas A da B simravleebs Soris, roca A simravlis yov-
el elements Seesabameba B simravlis ? elementi, funqcia ewo-
deba.
2. Tu f(x) = 3x – 2, maSin f(5) = ? , f(–1)= ? ; f(a+1) = ? .
3. Tu f(x) = –2x + 5, maSin f( ? ) = 7; f( ? ) = –1; f( ? ) = 0.
savarjiSoebi:
1 ricxviT simravleebs Soris daamyareT Sesabamisoba:
a) yovel ricxvs SeusabameT misi moduli;
b) yovel arauaryofiT ricxvs SeusabameT is ricxvi, romlis
modulic mocemuli ricxvia.
aris Tu ara ganxiluli Sesabamisoba funqcia? (pasuxi daasabu-
TeT).
2 Tqveni skolis moswavleTa da maswavlebelTa simravleebs So-

ris daamyareT Sesabamisoba:
a) yovel moswavles SeusabameT Tavisi maswavlebeli;
b) yovel moswavles SeusabameT Tavisi maTematikis maswavle-
beli.
aris Tu ara mocemuli Sesabamisoba funqcia? (pasuxi daasabuTeT).
3 dawereT y=f(x) funqcia. ipoveT:

( 4)
I. f(–2), f – 1 , f(1,5); II. x, Tu f(x)=5; 12; 4.
a) f: ricxvs → gasamkecebul am ricxvs gamoklebuli erTi;
b) f: ricxvs → am ricxvis kvadrats damatebuli sami;
g) f: ricxvs → misi Sebrunebuli ricxvi;
d) f: ricxvs → am ricxvis naxevars gamoklebuli Svidi.
232
3. funqciis cneba
4 samkuTxedebis simravlesa da ricxviT simravles Soris daa-

myareT Sesabamisoba:
a) yovel samkuTxeds SevusabamoT is ricxvi, romelic misi
perimetris tolia;
b) yovel ricxvs SeusabameT is samkuTxedi, romlis perimetric
mocemuli ricxvis tolia.
aris Tu ara mocemuli Sesabamisoba funqcia? (pasuxi daasabuTeT).
5 naxazze xedavT sakoordinato sistemaSi aRebul Sav da cisfer

wertilebs. maT Soris daamyareT aseTi Sesabamisoba; yovel Sav
wertils SeusabameT imave abscisis mqone cisferi wertili.
aris Tu ara ganxiluli Sesabamisoba funqcia (pasuxi daasabu-
TeT)?
6 dawereT formula, romelic gviCvenebs kubis moculobis

damokidebulebas mis wiboze. iqneba Tu ara igi funqcia?
7 funqcia mocemulia f(x)=-x2+7 formuliT. ipoveT; f(0); f(2); f(-2);

f(5); f(-5).
8 oqromWedelma SeaerTa 5 jaWvi, romelTagan TiToeulSi iyo 3 g

rgoli. (man gaxsna 4 rgoli da isev SeaerTa). SeiZleboda Tu ara
am samuSaos ufro advilad Sesruleba?
9 ori biWi mdinareze naviT seirnobda. napirs moadga jaris-

kacebis razmi. navi imdenad pataraa, rom masSi SeiZleba Cajdes
an ori biWi, an mxolod erTi jariskaci. SeZleben Tu ara jaris-
kacebi mdinareze naviT gadasvlas? ramdenjer unda gadakve-
Tos navma mdinare, rom meore napirze aRmoCndes:
a) 3 jariskaci; b) 10 jariskaci?
10 klasSi 30 moswavlea. mocemuli diagramis mixedviT daadgineT:

a) moswavleTa ramdenma procentma miiRo weraSi 5 an 5-ze nak-
lebi qula?
b) moswavleTa ramdenma procentma miiRo 6 an 6-ze meti qula?
g) ra nawilma daimsaxura umaRlesi (9 an 10 qula) Sefaseba?
d) ra SemTxvevaSia mosaxerxebeli wriuli diagramis gamoy-
eneba?
233
V Tavi
11 diagramaze mocemulia firmis mogeba 1 wlis ganmavlobaSi.
a) ra mogeba miiRo firmam wlis ganmavlobaSi?

b) romel TveSi miiRo yvelaze meti mogeba da ramdeni?
g) ras udris saSualo Tviuri mogeba?
d) ipoveTY mogebaTa moda.
e) ipoveT mogebis diapazoni.
v) ra SemTxvevaSia ufro mosaxerxebeli svetovani diagramis
gamoyeneba?
12 SeuZlia Tu ara glexs gadaiyvanos mdinaris erTi napiridan

meoreze mgeli, Txa da gadaitanos kombosto, Tu navSi masTan
erTad eteva mxolod mgeli, mxolod Txa an mxolod kombos-
to? (Txam SeiZleba SeWamos kombosto, mgelma ki _ Txa).
13 mocemulia 7 mTYeli ricxvi, romelTagan udidesi 37-is, xolo

umciresi 13-is tolia. am monacemTa mediana 24-is, xolo moda
18-is tolia. romeli maCvenebeli (moda, mediana, saSualo)
Seicvleba, Tu monacemebs davumatebT 8-s da 43-s?
14 fotografiul suraTs sigrZiT 5 sm da siganiT 3 sm

uCveneben ekranze. ekranze suraTis sigrZe aris 1,5 m.
ipoveT:
a) suraTis gadidebis dros Sesabamis zomebis SAefardeba;
b) ekranze suraTis farTobi.
15 mocemulia, rom * aRniSnavs erT-erT moqmedebas

oTxi ZiriTadi ariTmetikuli moqmedebebidan ise, rom
nebismier n aranulovani ricxvisTvis sruldeba: n * 0=n
da n * n=0. romel ariTmetikul moqmedebas aRniSnavs * ?
234
4. funqciis mocemis xerxebi
funqciis ganmartebidan gamomdinare, funqcia mocemulad

CaiTvleba, Tu cnobilia is simravleebi, romelTa Sorisac unda
damyardes Sesabamisoba da mocemulia Sesabamisobis wesi. 1. f : R → R
f(x) = x + 3
magram rogor, ra xerxiT SeiZleba iyos gadmocemuli Sesabamiso-
bis wesi? 2. ϕ: R→ R
gavecnoT zogierT maTgans. ϕ(x) = 2x – 7
1. wina paragrafSi vnaxeT, rom y=3x+1000, y=6x, y=x2 funqciebia. 3. g: R→ R

aseT SemTxvevaSi amboben, rom funqcia analizuradaa mocemu- g(x) = x2 – 3
li. formula ki gviCvenebs, Tu ra moqmedeba unda SevasruloT 4. h(x) = x2 – 3
argumentze, rom miviRoT funqciis Sesabamisi mniSvneloba. 0 ≤ x ≤ 10.
funqciis formuliT mocemas funqciis mocemis analizur xe-
rxsac uwodeben. funqciis formuliT mocemas is upiratesoba
aqvs, rom gansazRvris aridan aRebuli argumentis nebismieri
mniSvnelobisaTvis SegviZlia funqciis Sesabamisi mniSvnelo-
5
bis povna. vTqvaT, funqcia mocemulia y = formuliT. vi-
x + 3
povoT funqciis mniSvneloba, roca x=0; –3.
y=f(x) funqciis
5 2
y(0) = =1 gansazRvris are
0 + 3 3 aris cvladis
5 yvela im mniSvne
y(–3) = lobaTa simravle,
–3 + 3
romelTaTvisac
5 f(x) gamosaxulebas
rogorc vxedavT, x = –3-ze gamosaxulebam azri dakarga
x + 3 azri aqvs.
(ratom?).
maSasadame, argumentma ar SeiZleba miiRos -3-is toli mniSvnelo-
ba da Sesabamisad, y(–3)-ic ar arsebobs.
e. i. x = –3 funqciis gansazRvris areSi ar Sedis.
1 1 1
 ipoveT a) y = ; b) y = ; g) y = funqciis gansaz-
? Rvris are.
3x–1 x–2 |x|–1
 sabunebismetyvelo mecnierebebsa da teqnikaSi si-

dideebs Soris damokidebulebas xSirad cdis an da-
kvirvebis gziT amyareben da miRebuli monacemebis
safuZvelze adgenen cxrils. magaliTad, gamoTvlebis
Casatareblad mosaxerxebelia naturaluri ricx-
vebis kvadratebis cxrilis gamoyeneba. magram funq-
ciis cxriluri xerxiT mocemisas cnobilia funqciis
mniSvnelobebi mxolod zogierT wertilSi, rac sru-
lyofil warmodgenas ver gviqmnis funqciis Sesaxeb
(yovelTvis ver xerxdeba formulis Sedgenac, xSirad
ki arc aris amis aucilebloba).
235
V Tavi
ganvixiloT magaliTi.
x –1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
y 0 -1 0 3 8 15 24 35 48
am cxrilis saSualebiT SegviZlia davaskvnaT:

Tu x=2, maSin y=3.
Tu x=6, maSin y=35 da a. S.
funqciis mocemis aseT xerxs cxriluri xerxi ewodeba.
 moifiqreT formula, romelic gamoxatavs cxrilSi mocemul

? damokidebulebas.
 1-el naxazze gamosaxulia grafiki, romelic gviCvenebs dRe-Ra-
gasaxseneblad! mis ganmavlobaSi haeris temperaturis damokidebulebas droze.
sakoordinato si
brtyeze mocemul p,°C
wirs, romelic
or sidides Soris
arsebul damokideb-
ulebas gamoxatavs,
am damokidebulebis
grafiki ewodeba.
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
t,sT
am grafikis saSualebiT SegviZlia drois nebismier momentSi

(0≤t≤24) vipovoT haeris temperatura. magaliTad, Tu ras udris
haeris temperatura 10 sT-ze (t=10).
abscisaTa RerZis t=10 wertilidan amave RerZisadmi aRvmarToT
marTobi grafikTan gadakveTamde. gadakveTis wertilis ordina-
ta gviCvenebs saZiebel temperaturas. e. i. P=1°C.
1-eli naxazidan Cans, rom t cvladi mniSvnelobebs 0-dan 24-mde
(maTi CaTvliT) Rebulobs. t-s nebismier mniSvnelobas (naxazze)
Seesabameba grafikis erTaderTi wertili da maSasadame, temper-
aturis erTaderTi mniSvnelobac. e. i. es damokidebuleba fun
qciaa.
amrigad, funqciis mocema SesaZlebelia grafikuladac.
236
magaliTi 1.
ganvixiloT f(x)=5x-1 formuliT mocemuli funqcia, sadac -7≤x≤5.
vipovoT funqciis is mniSvnelobebi, romlebic argumentis natu-
ralur mniSvnelobebs Seesabameba.
amoxsna:
gansaxilvel magaliTSi funqciis gansazRvris area -7-dan 5-mde
(maTi CaTvliT) yvela ricxvisagan Semdgari simravle, romelTa-
gan naturaluri ricxvebia 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. e. i. unda vipovoT f(1), f(2),
f(3), f(4) da f(5).
f(1) = 5 · 1 – 1 = 4
f(2) = 5 · 2 – 1 = 9
f(3) = 5 · 3 – 1 = 14
f(4) = 5 · 4 – 1 = 19
f(5) = 24
magaliTi 2.
8x + 3
ipoveT y= funqciis gansazRvris are.
|x| – 2
amoxsna:
upirveles yovlisa, vipovoT cvladis yvela is mniSvneloba,
romelTaTvisac funqcia azrs dakargavs. aseTi iqneba x-is is mniS-
vnelobebi, romlebisTvisac wiladis mniSvneli gautoldeba 0-s.
e. i. |x|–2=0. amovxsnaT miRebuli gantoleba: |x|=2.
aqedan x=±2.
amrigad, funqciis gansazRvris area ±2-sgan gansxvavebuli yvela
ricxvisagan Semdgari simravle.
magaliTi 3.
funqcia y=2x+1 formuliTaa mocemuli. ipoveT x, Tu funqciis Se-
sabamisi mniSvneloba 6,2-is tolia.
amoxsna:
e. i. y=6,2. Tu CavsvamT y-is mniSvnelobas formulaSi, miviRebT:
6,2=2x+1
aqedan x=2,6. e. i. Tu y=6,2, maSin x=2,6.

1. funqciis mocema SesaZlebelia: ? ; ? ; ? .
5
2. y = funqciis gansazRvris area cvladis yvela im mniSvn-
x2 – 4
elobaTa simravle, romelTaTvisac x2 – 4 ? 0.
3. Tu f(x)=x–5, maSin a) f(0)= ? ; b) f(9)= ? ; g) f(256)= ? .
237
V Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 ipoveT Semdegi formuliT mocemuli funqciis gansazRvris
are:
2x + 5 5x 5x
a) y = ; b) y = ; g) y=2x3–7x+1; d) y = .
7 x – 2 4x2–9
x y=5x–1
2 funqcia mocemulia formuliT y=5x–1, –4≤x≤6. SeadgineT funq-
–4
ciis mniSvnelobaTa cxrili bijiT 2.
–2
0 3 funqcia y=3, 5x–4 formuliTaa mocemuli. ipoveT
2 a) argumentis mniSvneloba, Tu funqciis Sesabamisi mniSvnelo-
4 baa 4; -3; 0,9; 2,5.
b) funqciis mniSvneloba, Tu argumentis Sesabamisi mniSvnelo-
6
ba tolia: 2-is; -1-is.
4 1-el naxazze mocemulia raRac funqciis grafiki. grafikis

mixedviT ipoveT:
a) y-is mniSvneloba, Tu x = –3; –1; 5; 4.
b) x-is mniSvneloba, Tu y = 1; –1; 2; 3.
nax. 1
5 funqcia mocemulia y=0,6x–2,4 formuliT. SeavseT cxrilis

carieli ujrebi.
x 5 1 4 -10 -5
y 3 -2 0,6 3,6
6 giorgis 10 lari hqonda. man iyida x saweri kalami, TiTo 80 TeT-

rad. ris Semdegac y lari darCa. gamosaxeT formuliT y, ro-
gorc x-is funqcia. ipoveT:
a) am funqciis gansazRvris are;
b) funqciis mniSvneloba, roca x=2; 5; 6.
238
7 3 marts yvavilebis maRaziam 500 lari ivaWra. momdevno x dRis

ganmavlobaSi ki maRazia saSualod 300 lars vaWrobda. maRaziam
x+1 dRis ganmavlobaSi (3 martis CaTvliT) y lari ivaWra. gamo-
saxeT formuliT y, rogorc x-is funqcia. ra Tanxa hqonda na-
vaWri maRazias pirveli:
a) 4 dRis; b) 7 dRis; g) 30 dRis ganmavlobaSi?
8 Tbilisidan 500 km-iT daSorebuli punqtidan Tbilisis mimar-

TulebiT gamovida avtomobili, romelic moZraobda saSualod
60 km/sT siCqariT. x saaTis Semdeg avtomobili Tbilisidan y km-
iT iyo daSorebuli. gamosaxeT formuliT y, rogorc x-is fun-
qcia. ipoveT:
a) funqciis gansazRvris are;
b) ramden saaTSi Cavidoda avtomobili TbilisSi;
b) ramdeni saaTis Semdeg iyo avtomobili Tbilisidan daSore-
buli 100 km-iT; 20 km-iT.
9 naxazze mocemulia giorgis simaRlis damokide-

buleba missave wlovanebaze.
a) ipoveT, ra simaRlisa iyo giorgi 5 wlis asakSi;
b) ra asakSi iyo misi simaRle: 1,3m; 1,5m?
g) ra asakSi miaRwia ymawvilma maqsimalur simaR-
les?
d) rogor Seicvala misi simaRle:
1) 10-dan 15 wlamde;
2) 21-dan 25 wlamde?
10 nikam bankSi 1000 lari Seitana, romelsac

yovelwliurad 4% emateba (sawyisi Tanxis). ramdeni lari
eqneba nikas x wlis Semdeg? gamosaxeT nikas bankSi arsebuli y
Tanxa, rogorc x-is funqcia da upasuxeT Semdeg SekiTxvebs:
a) ramdeni lari eqneba nikas 3; 4; 5 wlis Semdeg?
b) ramdeni wlis Semdeg eqneba nikas bankSi 1100 lari? 1200 lari?
g) ramdeni wlis Semdeg SeZlebs nika bankidan gamoitanos
250 lari ise, rom bankSi kvlav 1000 lari darCes?
11 ipoveT ricxvi, romelic 7-jer metia Tavissave bolo cifrze. g

12 aRadgineT magaliTi.
a) + 5* b) +** g) – 6*5*
*84 * *8*4
***0 **8 2856
13 4 traqtori 8 dReSi xnavs 16 ha miwas. ramden dReSi moxnavs 6

traqtori 30 ha miwas?
239
V Tavi
5. funqciis grafiki
1. kvadratuli formis nakveTis gverdis sigrZe iyo xm. roca

TiToeuli gverdis sigrZe 1 m-iT gazardes miiRes nakveTi,
romlis farTobi y m2-ia. gamosaxeT formuliT y, rogorc x-is
funqcia. ipoveT miRebuli funqciis gansazRvris are.
advilad mixvdebiT, rom miviRebT y=(x+1)2 funqcias. avagoT fun

qciis grafiki, risTvisac SevadginoT Sesabamisi cxrili.
y=(x+1)2
x y=f(x) (x; f(x))
0 (0+1)2=1 (0; 1)
1 (1+1)2=4 (1; 4)
2 (2+1)2=9 (2; 9)
–1 (–1+1)2=0 (–1; 0)
–2 (–2+1)2=1 (–2; 1)
–3 (–3+1)2=4 (–3; 4)
miRebuli (x:f(x)) wyvilebi movniSnoT marTkuTxa sakoordinato

sistemaSi da moniSnuli wertilebi SevaerToT wiriT. miviRebT
y=(x+1)2 funqciis grafiks.
SeniSvna: zemoT ganxilul amocanaSi mocemuli funqciis gansazRvr-
is area dadebiT, x>0, ricxvTa simravle. Sesabamisi grafiki naxazze
gamuqebulia wiTlad.
marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyis yvela (x;f(x)) wer

tilTa simravles y=f(x) funqciis grafiki ewodeba.
magaliTi 1.
gasaxseneblad!
1-el naxazze gamosaxuli grafikis saSualebiT ipoveT:
grafiki miT ufro
a) funqciis mniSvneloba, Tu x=1,5;
zusti iqneba, rac
met wertils movniS- b) argumentis mniSvneloba, Tu y=4.
navT marTkuTxa
sakoordinato sis
amoxsna:
temaSi. a) abscisaTa RerZis im wertilze, romlis abscisaa 1,5, gavatar-
oT x RerZis marTobuli (ordinatTa RerZis paraleluri) wrfe
grafikis gadakveTamde da vipovoT gadakveTis wertilis ordi-
nata (miaxloebiT. igi naxazze naCvenebia cisferi isriT). miviReT
y(1,5)≈6,3.
240
b) y RerZis im wertilze, romlis ordinataa 4, gavataroT x Re-
rZis paraleluri (y RerZis marTobuli) wrfe. igi grafiks gada-
kveTs or wertilSi, romelTa abscisebi daaxloebiT 1-isa da -3-is
tolia (naxazze naCvenebia Savi isriT).
e. i. Tu y=4, maSin x1=1 da x2 = –3.
magaliTi 2.
mdebareobs Tu ara: a) A(4;2); b) B(–1;4) wertilebi y = 2x–6 formu-
liT mocemuli funqciis grafikze?
yuradReba!
y = 2x–6 funqciis grafikis ageba da TvalsaCinod Semowmeba, mde- marTkuTxa sakoor-
bareobs Tu ara A da B wertilebi am grafikze, ar gamogvadgeba, dinato sistemaSi
radgan rogorc aRvniSneT, absolutur sizustes grafikis agebi- mocemuli wiri rom
raime funqciis gra
sas ver davicavT da naxazma (miT umetes, xeliT Sesrulebulma) fiki iyos, y RerZis
SesaZloa SecdomaSi Segviyvanos. amitom, modiT, gavixsenoT paraleluri wrfe
grafikis ganmarteba, saidanac Cans, rom grafikze mdebare wer- mas araumetes erT
tilTa abscisebi aris argumentis, xolo ordinatebi ki _ funq- wertilSi unda kveT-
des.
ciis Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebi.
amoxsna:
Tu Sesruldeba y(4)=2, maSin A wertili grafikze mdebareobs.
y(4) = 2∙4 – 6 = 2. e. i. (A 4;2) mdebareobs y = 2x–6 funqciis grafikze.
Tu (a; b) wertili
b) SevamowmoT igive winadadeba B wertilisTvisac. mdebareobs y=f(x)
miviReT 4 = 2∙(–1) – 6 mcdari toloba. e. i.BB wertili ar mdebareobs funqciis grafikze,
y = 2x–6 funqciis grafikze. maSin Sesruldeba
b=f(a).
1. Tu f(1)=3, maSin wertili (1;3) ? y = f(x) funqciis grafikze.
2. Tu sakoordinato sibrtyeze mocemul wirs ? RerZis parale-

luri romelime wrfe kveTs ? wertilSi, maSin es wiri ar iqneba
raime funqciis grafiki.
3. y=f(x) funqciis grafiki aris yvela (x; ? ) wertilTa erTo-

blioba.
4. Tu f(x)=2x+3, maSin f funqciis grafikze mdebareobs wertili

(1; ? ); (–3; ? ); ( ? ;7).
241
V Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 naxazze mocemuli wirebidan romeli warmoadgens funqciis
grafiks?
a) b) g)
d) e) v)
2 CamoayalibeT, ra SemTxvevaSi ar iqneba marTkuTxa sakoordi-

nato sibrtyeSi mocemuli wiri raime funqciis grafiki?
5
3 funqcia mocemulia y = formuliT, sadac 0≤x≤5. SeavseT
x + 1
cxrili da aageT am funqciis grafiki.
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y
5x – 1
4 ekuTvnis Tu ara formuliT mocemuli funqciis grafiks
2x + 1
Semdegi wertilebi: A(0;–1); B(2;3); C(2;1,8); M(–1;6); K(–1;–6).
5 naxazze mocemuli wirebidan romelia funqciis grafiki (pasuxi

daasabuTeT).
a) b)
es wertili
grafiks ar
ekuTvnis
g) d) e)
es wertili
grafiks
ekuTvnis
242
5. funqciis grafiki
6 cxrilSi mocemulia haeris temperaturis damokide- t 12 14 16 18 20 22 24

buleba droze 27 ianvris dRis 12 saaTidan 24 saa-
p° 1° 2,5° 0,9° 0° –1° –2,5° –3°
Tamde bijiT 2. aageT Sesabamisi grafiki.
7 mocemulia A(-4;-2), B(-1;5), C(2;4), D(5;-3) wertilebi. aageT ABCD

Dtexili. grafikis mixedviT ipoveT: a) sakoordinato RerZebT-
an gadakveTis wertilTa koordinatebi; b) im wertilTa ordi-
natebi, romelTa abscisebi -2; 0,5-is tolia; g) mdebareobs Tu
ara M(-3;0), N(4;2), K(1;3) wertilebi texilze?
8 daadgineT romelia qvemoT mocemuli funqciebis Sesabamisi

grafiki:
y y
a) b)
3 3
2 2
1 1
-4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x A. f : x → x
-1 -1
-2 -2 B. g: x → –x
-3 -3
C. φ: x → x2
D. p : x → |x|
y
g) d) y
8
7
6
5
4
3
x
2
1
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 x
9 dawereT formula, romliTac moicema funqcia:

a) nebismier ricxvs SevusabamoT gaorkecebuli es ricxvi Sem-
cirebuli 5-iT.
b) ricxvs SevusabamoT am ricxvis kubi.
g) ricxvs SevusabamoT am ricxvis Sebrunebuli ricxvi.
d) ricxvs SevusabamoT am ricxvis mopirdapire ricxvi gadide-
buli 1-iT.
10 ipoveT 8 momdevno mTeli ricxvi, romelTagan pirveli samis

jami bolo 5-is jamis tolia.
g
11 ojaxi RamiT aRmoCnda xidTan. mamas SeuZlia xidze gadavides 1
wuTSi, de das _ 2 wuTSi, Svils _ 5 wuTSi, bebias ki _ 10 wuTSi.
maT aqvT mxolod erTi fanari, amasTan, xidi uZlebs mxolod
or adamians. aRwereT rogor unda gadalaxon maT xidi 17 wuT-
Si. (roca gadadian orni, midian am oris siCqaridan umciresiT).
12 gaamartiveT gamosaxuleba: a) (1–2b)(1+2b+4b2)(1+8b3);
b) (a+3)2 – 6(a+3) – 16a; g)
1 – a2 1 – b2
·
1 + b a + a2
1+
a
(
1 – a
. )
243
V Tavi
6. paraleluri gadatana.
RerZuli simetria,
centruli simetria
1. marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeSi aiReT A(1;1)

B1
da B(2;4) wertilebi. TiToeuli wertilis abscisa gaa-
dideT 5 erTeuliT, xolo ordinata _ 2 erTeuliT.
4 B K aageT mocemuli AB da miRebuli A1B1 monakveTi.
A1 aCveneT: a) ∆AMA1 = ∆BKB1 ;
b) AA1 = BB1 ;
A M g) AA1 || BB1 ;
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 d) AB = A1B1 ;
e) AB || A1B1 .
2. 1-el amocanaSi ganxiluli gardaqmna CaatareT ∆ABC-sTvis, Tu

C(5;–2), A(1;1); B(2;4), Tan ise, rom: A → A1
B → B1
C → C1 .
● iqneba Tu ara ∆ABC = ∆A1B1C1 toloba samarTliani.
geometriul gardaqmnas, romlis drosac figuris nebismier

or wertils Soris manZili ar icvleba, moZraoba ewodeba.
?  iqneba Tu ara Tqvens mier zemoTganxiluli gardaqmna moZraoba?
Tqven ukve gaecaniT fFun

qciis ganmartebas. A1 B1
f : x → x–2 _ ricxvs See- A
sabameba masze 2-iT nak-
B B1 C1 C1
lebi ricxvi. geometriaSi
ki gansxvavebiT ricxviTi
A1
funqciebisa ganixileba F C F1 F2
sxva saxis funqciebi,
romelTac geometriuli
gardaqmnebi ewodebaT.
geometriuli gardaqmne ● furcelze gamovsaxoT F figura. davadoT kalka da masze ga-
bis dros yovel wertils
Seesabameba wertili.
davxazoT F figura. amis Semdeg kalkis firceli gadavitanoT
Tu f geometriuli garda da davdoT sadme, Tundac ukuRma mxridanac.
qmnisas A wertils Seesab-
ameba A1 wertili, weren: F → F1, F1 → F2
f
A → A1 , an A → A1.
A1-s A wertilis saxes,
aseTi gardaqmnis Sedegad figuris nebismier or wertils Soris
xolo A-s A1-is winasaxes manZili SenarCunebulia.
uwodeben.
244
gavecnoT moZraobis zogierT saxes:
1. paraleluri gadatana
paraleluri gadatanisas figuris yoveli wertili gadadgildeba
raime mocemuli wrfis paralelurad erTi da imave mimarTulebiT,
erTsa da imave manZilze.
 rogor fiqrobT, paragrafis dasawyisSi mocemul
? amocanaSi moxda Tu ara ganxiluli gardaqmniT AB
monakveTis, ABC samkuTxedis paraleluri gadatana? pasuxi
daasabuTeT.
cxadia, paraleluri gadatanis dros figuris nebismier or wer-
tils Soris manZili ar icvleba – paraleluri gadatanisas miiReba
mocemuli figuris toli figura.
 SeasruleT zemoTganxiluli 1-eli savarjiSo im SemTx-

vevaSi, Tu TiToeuli wertilis: B
a) abscisa Semcirdeba 3-iT, ordinata ki gaizrdeba 2-iT;
b) abscisa Semcirdeba 7-iT, ordinata ki _ 4-iT; 3
g) abscisa gaizrdeba 8-iT, ordinata Semcirdeba 6-iT. A
daukvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs. ra aqvT saerTo mocemul 6
AB da miRebul A1B1 monakveTs (TiToeul SemTxvevaSi)
)
da riT gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan? x " x+6
y " y+3
paraleluri gadatanisas figuris yoveli wertilis abscisa
erTi da imave a ricxviT icvleba,
aseve ordinatac erTi da imave b ricxviT icvleba.
SesaZlebelia, a da b ricxvebi toli ricxvebi iyos.
)
x " x+a
paraleluri gadatanis formulebia.
y " y+b
2. RerZuli simetria
N1 N
ganvixiloT aseTi gardaqmna: 5
avagoT MN monakveTi, sadac M(1;2), N(3;5). Sevcva
loT abscisebi mopirdapire ricxvebiT: M1(–1;2),
N1(–3;5). davxazoT M1N1 monakveTi. imave sakoordi-
nato sibrtyeSi avagoT M2N2 monakveTi, romlisT- M1 M
visac M da N wertilebis ordinatebi SevcvaloT
mopirdapire ricxvebiT M2(1;–2), N1(3;–5). –3 –1 1 3
M2
 a) ra aqvT saerTo da riT gansxvavdebian
? MN, M1N1 da M2N2 monakveTebi?
b) aris Tu ara es gardaqmna moZraoba? –5 N2
pasuxi daasabuTeT.
nax. 1 245
V Tavi
A(a;b) da
RerZuli A 1 (–a;b) Ox
simetriiT A da B wertilebs ewodeba simetriuli a wrfis mimarT, Tu a
RerZis mimarT: wrfe AB monakveTis Sua wertilze mis marTobulad gadis.
A(x;y) → A1(x;–y) da
simetriuli wertilebi a wrfes ki A da B wertilebis simetriis RerZs vuwodeben.
moicema formuliT
y RerZis mimarT
)
x"x
cxadia, ganxilul amocanaSi M1 da N1 wertilebi simetriulia M da
y "- y
N wertilebis ordinatTa RerZis mimarT, xolo M2 da N2 wertilebi
Oy RerZis mimarT: M da N wertilebisa – abscisaTa RerZis mimarT.
A(x;y) → A2(–x;y) da
moicema formuliT
vityviT, rom F1 da F2 figurebi simetriulia x(y) RerZis mimarT,
)
x "- x
Tu F1 figuris nebismieri A(x;y) wertilis simetriuli wertili
y"y
x(y) RerZis mimarT iqneba F2 figuris wertili da piriqiT.
simetriuli wertilebi
y RerZis mimarT x RerZis mimarT

M(2;3)
3
A(a;b) da A 1 (–a;b) ùùù
1 A(2;3)
3 2
simetriuli wertilebi 2 1
y RerZis mimarT
1
-1 0 1 2
-2 -1 0 1 2 -1
A(a;b) da A 1 (a;–b)
-2
À)
simetriuli wertilebi -3
x RerZis mimarT ùùù
Á)
simetriuli figurebi
y y
RerZze mdebare wer-
tilebis simetriuli
wertilebi imave Re-
rZis mimarT TviT es
wertilebia.
O x (-a;b)
(–a;b) (a;b)
x
a wrfis mimarT a wrfis mimarT
246
6. paraleluri gadatana. RerZuli simetria, centruli simetria
3. centruli simetria
rogor gardaqmnas miviRebT, Tu sakoordinato sibrtyeSi moce-
muli figuris yoveli wertilis orive koordinats mopirdapireTi
SevcvliT.
P
ganvixiloT PK monakveTi: P(2;5), K(4;3). 5
avagoT P1K1 monakveTi, sadac P1(–2;–5) da K1(–4;–2).
1. daamtkiceT, rom PP 1 da KK 1 mon- K

? akveTebisTvis O wertili Sua wer-
tilia; –4 –2 2 4
K1
2. PK da P1K1 monakveTebis sigrZeebi
tolia.
P1 –5
nax. 2
vityviT, rom A da B wertilebi simetriulia O wertilis

mimarT, Tu O wertili AB monakveTis Sua wertilia. O wer
tils A da B wertilebis simetriis centrs vuwodebT.
imisaTvis, rom avagoT A wertilis simetriuli B wertili O

centris mimarT, saWiroa OA sxivis damatebiT sxivze gadavdoT
OB=OA monakveTi.
O wertils figuris simetriis centrs uwodeben, Tu am

figuris nebismieri wertilis simetriuli wertili O
centris mimarT, isev am figuris wertilia.
figuras, romelsac simetriis centri aqvs, centrul-sime centruli

RerZze mdebare
simetri-
wer-
triuli figura ewodeba. isas O(0;0)-is
tilebis simetriuli
mimarT:
A(x;y) → Aimave
wertilebi 1
(–x;–y)Re-
rZis
da mimarT
moicema TviT es
formuliT
vityviT, rom F1 da F2 figurebi simetriulia O centris mimarT, wertilebia.
)
x "- x
Tu F1 figuris nebismieri A(x;y) wertilis simetriuli wertili
O centris mimarT iqneba F2 figuris wertili da piriqiT. y "- y
cxadia, me-2 naxazze P1K1 monakveTi simetriulia PK monakveTis O

centris mimarT.
247
V Tavi
 aageT A(a;b) wertilis simetriuli wertili jer Ox

A(a;b)
(A→A1), Semdeg ki Oy RerZis (A1→A2) mimarT. ra Segi-
ZliaT TqvaT A da A2 wertilebze, ra geometriuli
gardaqmnaa A
A →A2?
amocana.
paraleluri gadata
nisas figuris yvela AB monakveTis paraleluri gadatanisas miiReba A1B1 monakveTi.
w e r t i l i s a b s c i s a amasTan A(2;5), B(5;2), B1(3;5).
erTi da imave a ric a) ipoveT A1 wertilis koordinatebi;
xviT icvleba,
aseve ordinatac erTi
b) M(x;y) AB monakveTis Siga wertilia. ipoveT M wertilis Sesabami-
da imave b ricxviT si M1 wertilis koordinatebi mocemuli paraleluri gadatanisas.
icvleba.
SesaZlebelia, a=b. amoxsna:
a) radgan B(5;2) gadavida B 1(3;5) wertilSi, e.i. x koordinati
Semcirda 2-iT, xolo y koordinati gaizarda 3-iT. e.i. mocemuli
paraleluri gadatanis formulebia:
)
x " x-2
y " y+3
amitom A1 wertilis koordinatebi iqneba A1(2–2; 5+3). e.i. A1(0; 8).
b) radgan B(5;2)→B1(3;5), e.i. B1(5–2; 2+3), amitom
M(x;y)→M1(x–2;y+3).

1. figuris paraleluri gadatanisas yvela wertilis x
koordinati ? ricxviT icvleba.
2. figuris paraleluri gadatanisas yvela wertilis y
koordinati ? ricxviT icvleba.
3. figuris paraleluri gadatanisas ar icvleba misi ? da ? .
4. wrfis nebismieri wertili am wrfis ? .
5. AB monakveTis O Siga wertili warmoadgens AB monakveTis
simetriis centrs, Tu OA= ? .
248
savarjiSoebi:
1 ipoveT x da y, Tu M(–1;2)→M 1(1;3) paraleluri gadat anisas

miiReba.
a) A(0;1)→A1(x;y); b) B(1;0)→B1(x;y).
2 paraleluri gadatanisas A(x;y)→B(–2;5) ipoveT A wertilis

koordinatebi, Tu paraleluri gadatanis formulebia:
a) ) b) ) g) )
x " x-1 x " x+5 x " x+4
; ; .
y " y+3 y " y-3 y " y+4
3 ipoveT M(x;y), Tu is miiReba A(–2;1) wertilis paraleluri gada
taniT:
a) ) b) ) g) )
x " x+2 x " x - 0, 5 x " x+5
; ; .
y " y-1 y " y + 0, 1 y " y-8
4 AB monakveTis paraleluri gadatanisas miiReba A1B1 monakveTi.

ipoveT A1 wertilis koordinatebi, Tu A(2;3), B1(–5;7), B(2;2).
SeasruleT Sesabamisi naxazi.
5 ABC samkuTxedis paraleluri gadatanisas miiReba A 1B 1C 1

samkuTxedi. ipoveT B da C wertilis koordinatebi, Tu A(2;2),
A1(3;4), B1(0;0), C1(4;2). SeasruleT Sesabamisi naxazi.
gasaxseneblad!
6 mocemulia A(0;3), B(–5;7), C(–1,5;–2) da M(3;–4) wertilebi. ipoveT
A
maTi simetriuli wertilebi:
a) abscisaTa RerZis mimarT; b) ordinatTa RerZis mimarT. K a
A1
7 mocemulia A(0;5) da B(3;0). daxazeT AB monakveTis simetriuli
monakveTi: a) x-RerZis mimarT; b) y-RerZis mimarT. A wertili simetriu-
lia A1 wertilisa a
wrfis mimarT, Tu
8 aageT AB monakveTis simetriuli monakveTi a wrfis mimarT, Tu: AA1⊥a da AK=KA1.
a) AB monakveTs saerTo wertili ar gaaCnia a wrfesTan;
b) A∈a da B∉a; g) Tu AB monakveTi kveTs a wrfes.
9 mocemulia A( 3; 7) da B (-2; 1) wertilebi. ipoveT AB monakveTis

simetriuli A1B1 monakveTis boloebis wertilebis koordinatebi:
a) x RerZis mimarT; b) y RerZis mimarT.
10 mocemulia A(4;1), B(0;1) da C(0;7). aageT ABC samkuTxedis sime-

triuli samkuTxedi: a) x-RerZis mimarT; b) y-RerZis mimarT.
249
V Tavi
11 daasaxeleT ramdenime wertili, romelTa simetriuli wer-
tilebi:
a) x-RerZis mimarT;
b) y-RerZis mimarT – TviT es wertilebia.
12* marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeSi daxazeT raime wiri (wrfe),

romlis simetriis RerZia: a) x-RerZi; b) y-RerZi.
13* mocemulia A(-1;3) da B(-2;-1) wertilebi. ipoveT iseTi A1B1

monakveTis boloebis koordinatebi, romelic miiReba ori
simetriiT. a) jer x RerZis, xolo Semdeg y RerZis mimarT;
b) jer y RerZis, xolo Semdeg x RerZis mimarT.
13 ricxviT RerZze ipoveT:

a) A(2) wertilis simetriuli A1 wertili saTavis mimarT;
b) A(5) wertilis simetriuli wertili B(3) wertilis mimarT.
14 ipoveTY A(4;5) wertilis simetriuli wertilis koordinatebi:

a) koordinatTa saTavis mimarT; b) x RerZis mimarT; g) y RerZis
mimarT. SeasruleT Sesabamisi naxazi.
15 mocemulia A(3;7) da B(–2;1) wertilebi. ipoveT AB monakveTis

simetriuli A1B1 monakveTis boloebis wertilTa koor
dinatebi:
a) koordinatTa saTavis mimarT;
b) x RerZis mimarT;
g) y RerZis mimarT. SeasruleT Sesabamisi naxazi.
16 mocemulia A(–1;3) da B(–2;–1) wertilebi. ipoveT iseTi A1B1

monakveTis boloebis koordinatebi, romelic miiReba ori
momdevno simetriiT: a) jer x RerZis, xolo Semdeg y RerZis
mimarT; b) jer y RerZis, xolo Semdeg x RerZis mimarT.
17 ipoveT iseTi A1 wertilis koordinatebi, romelic miiReba

A(3;–2) wertilidan sami momdevno simetriiT; jer x RerZis,
Semdeg y RerZis, xolo Semdeg koordinatTa saTavis mimarT.
18 A1B1 monakveTi miiReba AB monakveTisagan ori momdevno si

metriiT; jer x RerZis, xolo Semdeg koordinatTa saTavis
mimarT. ipoveT A1 da B1 wertilebis koordinatebi, Tu A(3;1);
B(–5;–2).
250
19* daamtkiceT, rom centruli simetria SeiZleba Seicvalos

ori momdevno simetriiT, jer x da mere y RerZis an jer y da
mere x RerZis mimarT.
20 ujrebian furcelze gadaxazeT naxazi da aageT B

ABC samkuTxedis simetriuli samkuTxedi:
a) koordinatTa saTavis mimarT;
b) x RerZis mimarT; A
C
g) y RerZis mimarT.
5
21 daamtkiceT igiveoba: g
a) (y4+y3)(y2–y)=y3(y2+1)(y–1);
b) (a2+3a)(a2+3a+2)=a(a+1)(a+2)(a+3);
g) (a2+ab+b2)(a2–ab+b2)=a4+a2b2+b4.
22 a-s ra mniSvnelobebisTvisaa (x3+4x2–17x+41)(x+a) namravli

igivurad toli mravalwevris, romelic ar Seicavs x3?
23 daamtkiceT, rom, Tu b+c=10, maSin (10a+b)(10a+c)=100a(a+1)+bc.
251
V Tavi
7. wrfivi funqcia
1. pirdapirproporciulobis funqcia
1. Tbilisidan 60km/sT siCqariT gavida avtomanqana.

a) dawereT funqcia f: dro → gavlili manZili.
b) ipoveT avtomobilis mier gavlili manZili, roca t=2sT; 4sT;
4,5sT.
g) aageT miRebuli funqciis grafiki.
d) gaeciT pasuxi a), b) da g) SekiTxvebs, Tu avtomobili moZraobs
40km/sT, 80km/sT siCqariT.
2. rogori damokidebuleba arsebobs gavlil manZilsa da im dros

Soris, ra droSic gaiara es manZili sxeulma? gavlil manZilsa da
siCqares Soris?
3. aageT Semdeg funqciaTa grafiki f : x → 0,3x; g : x → –5x.

● ra aqvT saerTo da riT gansxvavdebian es grafikebi erTma
neTisagan?
Tu y = kx, y=kx formuliT mocemul funqcias, sadac x damoukide

maSin y1 = kx1 beli cvladia da k nulis aratoli ricxvi, pirdapirpro
y2 = kx2 porciuloba ewodeba.
y1 x1
da y2 = x2
x da y cvladebs
y=kx funqciis grafiki wrfea.
Soris pirdapirpro
porciuli damokide-
bulebaa. es winadadeba jerjerobiT daumtkiceblad miviRoT. geometri-
idan, albaT gaxsovT, rom wrfe ori wertiliT ganisazRvreba.
y = kx
amitom y=kx funqciis grafikis asagebad sakmarisia vipovoT
x y
grafikis romelime ori wertili da Semdeg saxazaviT maTze wrfe
0 0
1 k gavataroT. advilad mixvdebiT, rom wertilebi (0;0) da (1;k) mde-
bareobs grafikze. aqedan, Tu k>0, maSin grafiki mdebareobs I da
III sakoordinato meoTxedebSi, Tu k<0, maSin grafiki II da IV meo-
TxedebSia.
252
1. erTsa da imave sakoordinato sistemaSi aageT Semdeg
funqciaTa grafikebi:
a) y = 0,5x da y = 2x
b) y = –0,5x da y = –2x.
rogori mdebareoba aqvT am funqciaTa grafikebs a) erTmaneTis;
b) sakoordinato RerZebis mimarT?
y = –3x y=3x
y = –0,8x y = 0,8x
imedia davaleba sworad gaiazreT, maSasadame,
Tu k>0, maSin y=kx funqciis grafiki ox sxivTan zeda naxe

var sibrtyeSi maxvil kuTxes adgens, romlis gradusuli
zoma miT metia, rac ufro metia k koeficienti. rac ufro metia |k|,
miT „axlosaa~ y=kx
Tu k<0, maSin y=kx funqcia ox sxivTan zeda naxevarsibrtye funqciis grafiki y
Si blagv kuTxes adgens, romlis gradusuli zoma miT me RerZTan.
tia, rac ufro metia k koeficienti.
e. i. y=kx wrfis daxra ox sxivisadmi damokidebulia k koeficien

tze, mas daxris koeficients uwodeben.
1. aCveneT, rom y = kx da y = –kx funqciaTa grafikebi simetriulia

y RerZis mimarT (aseve x RerZis mimarT).
2. vTqvaT, A(x1;y1) da B(x2;y2) aris y = kx funqciis grafikis ori
nebismieri wertili, amasTan x1<x2. rogori damokidebulebaa y1-sa gavixsenoT:
da y2-s Soris? (ganixileT ori SemTxveva 1) k>0; 2) k<0).
A(a;b) da B(–a;b)
simetriuli wertilebia
y RerZis mimarT.
Tu kargad gaviazreT mocemuli davaleba, maSin SegviZlia
davaskvnaT, rom: A(a;b) da C(a;–b)
roca k>0, maSin x-is mniSvnelobebis zrdasTan erTad izrdeba simetriuli wertilebia
funqciis Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebi. aseT SemTxvevaSi amboben, x RerZis mimarT.
rom funqcia zrdadia.
roca k<0, maSin x-is mniSvnelobis zrda iwvevs funqciis Sesabamisi
mniSvnelobis klebas – funqcia klebadia.
253
V Tavi
magaliTi 1.
cnobilia, rom pirdapirproporciulobis grafikze mdebareobs
3 = –4,5
A(2;3) wertili. a) mdebareobs Tu ara imave funqciis grafikze
2 –3 B(–3;–4,5) wertili? b) aageT am funqciis grafiki.
e.i. A da B amoxsna:
wertilebi erT
wrfeze mdebareobs.
a) radgan A(2;3) wertili mdebareobs y=kx funqciis grafikze,
amitom unda Sesruldes toloba 3=2k. miviRebT: k=1,5. aqedan
y=1,5x. SevamowmoT, mdebareobs Tu ara y=1,5x funqciis grafikze
B(–3;–4,5) wertili. –4,5 = –1,5·3. e.i. B wertili mdebareobs grafikze.
b) SevadginoT cxrili:
y = 1,5x
x y
2 3
0 0
3
giWirT, mxolod ori wertiliT, saxazavis
2
gareSe, wrfis zustad ageba?
3
3
maSin scadeT ase: y = x.
2 2
3 ipoveT erTi romelime wertili mTeli koor-
dinatebiT (wertilis abscisa unda iyos 2-is
–2 02 2 4 6 x
jeradi). aseTia A(2;3) Semdegi wertili ki sa-
koordinato sistemaSive moZebneT: 2 ujra
marjvniv, 3 ujra zeviT, imave wesiT SegiZliaT
ipovoT kidev erTi wertili da a.S.

1. y=kx funqciis grafiki moTavsebulia ? da ? meoTxedebSi,
roca k>0 da Tu k<0, maSin moTavsebulia ? da ? meoTxedebSi.
2. y=kx funqciis grafiki zrdadia, roca k ? , xolo klebadia,
roca k ? .
3. wertili (2;5) mdebareobs y=kx funqciis grafikze, sadac k= ? .
savarjiSoebi:
1 grafikis augeblad daadgineT Semdegi wertilebidan romeli
1
ekuTvnis y = x funqciis grafiks?
2
1 1
A(4;2) B` ; j C(0,5;1) D(0,5;0,25)
2 8
254
7. wrfivi funqcia
2 wertili (15;3) mdebareobs y=kx funqciis grafikze. mdebareobs

Tu ara imave grafikze wertili:
3 3 1 3 1 1
a) ` ; j ; b) `3; j ; g) `3; j ; d) ` ; j .
5 25 15 5 8 40
3 dawereT formulebi, romlebiTac

miiReba naxazze mocemuli funqci 2
ebi.
–3 0 1 2 x
4 grafikis augeblad SeamowmeT, ga-

dis Tu ara y=-3x funqciis grafiki:
a) A(1;-3); b) B(-2;5); g) C(-5;15); d) D(2,1;6).
5 wertilebi a) A(5;7,5); B(2;3); C(-1;-1,5); b) A(3;5); B(2;4); C(-1;-2);

5 1
g) A(–2;2,4); B` ; - 2j ; C` ; 0, 6j ; ekuTvnis y=f(x) funqciis grafiks.
3 2
grafikis augeblad daadgineT, aris Tu ara mocemuli funqcia
pirdapirproporciuloba (pasuxi daasabuTeT)?
6 gadaxazeT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili rveulSi da SeavseT cari-

eli ujrebi imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom y=f(x) pirdapirpropor-
ciuloba:
a) x –2 –1 0 1 2 b) x –0,2 –0,1 0 1,4 2,5
y –1 y 0,8
7 gamoTvaleT: a) 1 – 3 + 5 – 7 + ... + 93 – 95 + 97 – 99; g

b) 10 – (10 – (10 – (10 – 9))));
g) 1000000 – (1000000 – (1000000 – (1000000 – (1000000 – 999999)))).
8* 180 daSaleT iseT sam, erTmaneTis aratol Sesakrebad, romelT-

agan nebismieri oris jami iyofa mesameze.
9 ipoveT Ygantolebis amonaxsenTa simravle:

2x – 1 x+1 3(1 – x)
a) – = ; b) 4x3 – 9x=0.
5 5 10
10 a) aageT y = –x funqciis grafiki.

b) aageT wrfe, romelic miiReba y = –x funqciis grafikis parale-
luri gadataniT y RerZis paralelurad –2; 3,5; 2; –4 erTeuliT.
255
V Tavi
2. y=kx+b wrfivi funqcia
goridan 30km-iT daSorebuli soflidan (goris dasavleTiT)

dasavleTis mimarTulebiT gaemarTa avtomobili 60km/sT siCqa-
riT.
a) dawereT funqcia, romelic gviCvenebs avtomanqanis goridan
daSorebis damokidebulebas moZraobis droze da aageT Sesabam-
isi grafiki.
b) ipoveT daSoreba goridan, roca t=3 sT; 4 sT.
g) gaeciT amocanaSi dasmul SekiTxvebs pasuxi, Tu avtomobili
imoZravebda 40km/sT; 80km/sT siCqariT?
d) ra saerTo TvisebiT xasiaTdeba miRebuli grafikebi da riT
gansxvavdebian isini erTmaneTisagan?
avagoT y=2x+2, y=2x–3 funqciaTa grafikebi. SevadginoT cxrili
x –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
y = 2x –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6
y = 2x + 2 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8
y = 2x – 3 –9 –7 –5 –3 –1 1 3
cxrilidan advili SesamCnevia, rom x-is nebi-

smieri mniSvnelobisaTvis y = 2x + 2 funqci-
is mniSvnelobebi 2 erTeuliT metia, xolo
y = 2x – 3 funqciis mniSvnelobebi 3 erTeu-
liT naklebia y = 2x funqciis Sesabamis mniS-
vnelobebze. e.i. Tu y = 2x wrfes (mis yovel
wertils) gadavitanT y RerZis paralelurad
2 erTeuliT zeviT, miviRebT y = 2x + 2 funq-
ciis grafiks, xolo y = 2x wrfis (misi yoveli
wertilis) y RerZis paralelurad –3 erTeu-
liT (qveviT) gadataniT miviRebT y = 2x – 3
funqciis grafiks.
y=kx+b saxis formuliT mo

wrfivi funqciis
cemul funqcias, sadac x da
grafiki wrfea. fun-
qcia, romlis grafi- moukidebeli cvladia, k da b
kic wrfea, wrfivi ki nebismieri ricxvebi, wrfivi
funqciaa. funqcia ewodeba.
256
7. wrfivi funqcia
maSasadame, Tu SevadarebT f(x) = kx

b
da g(x) = kx + b funqciaTa grafikebs =kx+ y=kx wrfis
vnaxavT: g(x) funqciis mniSvneloba b g(x)  x1 = x

erTeuliT gansxvavdeba f(x) funqciis b  y1 = y + b
mniSvnelobisagan x-is erTsa da imave b paraleluri

kx
mniSvnelobisaTvis da aqedan gamom- f(x)= gadataniT
b miiReba
dinare g(x) = kx + b funqciis grafiki y=kx+b wrfe.
miiReba f(x) = kx funqciis grafikis 0
paraleluri gadataniT y RerZis gas-
wvriv b erTeuliT (zeviT, Tu b>0 da
qveviT Tu b<0).
aCveneT, rom y = kx da y = kx + b funqciaTa grafikebi parale-

luri wrfeebia.
k koeficienti wrfis daxris koeficientia. y = kx + b wrfe

y RerZs kveTs (0;b) wertilSi.
 CamoTvlili funqciebidan romel funqciaTa grafike-

? bia erTmaneTis paraleluri da romlebi _ araparale-
luri?
y = –3x–1; y = 5x–2; y = –3x+4; y = –5x; y = 5x+1.
y=kx+b wrfivi funqciis kerZo SemTxvevebi:

1. Tu b=0 da k≠0, maSin miviRebT y=kx pirdapirproporci-
ulobas.
2. Tu k=0 da b≠0, maSin miviRebT y=0·x+b anu y=b funqcias.

e. i. x-is nebismieri mniSvnelobisaTvis funqciis mniSvn-
eloba b-s tolia.
y=b funqciis grafiki abscisaTa RerZis paraleluri
wrfea, romelic ordinatTa RerZs (0; b) wertilSi kveTs.
^3. Tu k=0 da b=0, miviRebT y=0 funqcias.

y=0 funqciis grafiki x RerZia.
naxazze mocemulia y=0,5x–2 da y=–2x–2-s funqciaTa

grafikebi:
a) ipoveT funqciis gansazRvris are; mniSvnelobaTa are.
b) daadgineT x-is zrdasTan erTad
izrdeba Tu mcirdeba funqciis Se-
sabamisi mniSvnelobebi.
g) ipoveT RerZebTan gadakveTis
wertilebi.
d) daadgineT, x-is ra mniSvnelo-
bebisaTvis Rebulobs funqcia
dadebiT, uaryofiT mniSvnelobebs.
257
V Tavi
CamovayaliboT y=kx+b wrfivi funqciis Tvisebebi:
1. gansazRvris are: D(y)=R.
2. mniSvnelobaTa simravle: E(y)=R.
3. RerZebTan gadakveTis wertilebia: Tu x=0 ⇒ y=b — A(0;b).
Tu y=0 ⇒ x= – b — B(– b ;0).
k k
a) Tu k>0 b) Tu k<0 g) Tu k=0
b
x = - ricxvi
k
y=kx+b funqciis
nulia. a ricxvs f(x)
funqciis nuli ewo-
deba, Tu f(a)=0
4. funqcia zrdadia. 4. funqcia klebadia. 4.funqcia mudmi-

grafiki ox sxivTan grafiki ox sxivTan via. grafiki para-
vambobT, rom funqcia adgens maxvil kuTxes. adgens blagv kuTxes. leluria x RerZis.
zrdadia (klebadia),
Tu x-is zrdasTan er-
Tad izrdeba (mcird-
eba) funqciis Sesabam-
isi mniSvnelobebi
Tu daxris koeficien- Tu daxris koefici- Tu k1=k2 da b1=b2,

tebi gansxvavebulia entebi tolia k1=k2, maSin wrfeebi em-
k1≠k2, maSin wrfeebi xolo b1≠b2, maSin Txveva erTmaneTs.
erTmaneTs kveTs. wrfeebi parale-
luria.
x y
magaliTi 1.
–1 3
aageT y = –2x+1 funqciis grafiki, Tu –1 ≤ x ≤ 3.
3 –5
amoxsna:
radgan mocemuli funqciis gansazRvris are aris –1-sa da
0 3 3-s Soris (maTi CaTvliT) moTavsebuli ricxvebis simrav-
le, amitom grafikis asagebad sasurvelia avirCioT (–1;*)
(3;*) wertilebi (Sualedis bolo wertilebi). saZiebeli
grafiki AB monakveTia.
–5
258
7. wrfivi funqcia
magaliTi 2.
ipoveT y = –2x+3 funqciis grafikis sakoor
dinato RerZebTan gadakveTis wertilTa
koordinatebi.
amoxsna:
wrfe abscisaTa RerZs kveTs wertilSi, rom-
lis ordinata 0-is tolia _ B(x;0) da radgan
B grafikis wertilicaa, amitom misma koordi-
natebma unda daakmayofilos y = –2x+3 gantoleba.
e. i. 0 = –2x+3. (0=–2x+3) ⇔ (2x=3) ⇔ x= 3 .
2
wrfe ki ordinatTa RerZs, rogorc viciT, kveTs (0;y) wertil-Si,
e. i. Cvens SemTxvevaSi (0;3) wertilSi.
amrigad, y = –2x+3 wrfe sakoordinato RerZebs kveTs ( 3 ;0) da (0;3)
2
wertilebSi.
xSirad gvxvdeba situaciebi, rodesac funqcia mocemulia
ramdenime formuliT. ganvixiloT
magaliTi 3.
turistma gzis pirveli nawili gaiara 6 km/sT S, km
siCqariT. Semdeg daisvena naxevari saaTi, 14
dasvenebis Semdeg gzis darCenili nawili
dafara 1 sT-Si 5 km/sT siCqariT. 12
SevecadoT, avagoT turistis mier gavlili
manZilis droze damokidebulebis grafiki: 10
f: moZraobis dro → turistis daSoreba 9
sawyis wertilidan. 8
roca t icvleba 0-dan 1,5 sT-mde, maSin
turistis mier gavlili manZili moicema 6
formuliT: y=6t. 1,5 sT-dan 2 sT-mde turisti
isvenebs, e.i. siCqare 0 km/sT-ia, amitom es 4
manZili ucvlelia da tolia 9 km-s da roca
t icvleba 2 sT-dan 3 sT-mde manZili sawyis 2
wertilamde 9+5(t–2) km-ia. e.i. y=5t–1.
{
6t, Tu 0 ≤ t < 1,5 1 2 3 t, sT
es SeiZleba ase Caiweros: y = 9, Tu 1,5 ≤ t ≤ 2
5t–1, Tu 2 < t ≤ 3
naxazze mocemulia am funqciis grafiki.
magaliTi 4. 6
avagoT y=x+5|x| funqciis grafiki. gavaTavisufloT
funqcia modulis niSnisagan. modulis ganmartebis 4
safuZvelze miviRebT:
Tu x≥0, y=x+5x=6x, xolo Tu x<0, y = x–5x = –4x, 2
{
e.i. y =
6x, Tu x≥0
–4x, Tu x<0 –1 1
259
V Tavi
magaliTi 5.
funqcia mocemulia formuliT y = {
–x+4, Tu x<0
x+4, Tu x≥0
4 CavweroT funqcia erTi formuliT da avagoT misi grafiki.

amoxsna:
modulis ganmartebis safuZvelze, SeiZleba CavweroT, rom
y=|x|+4.
naxazze mocemulia misi grafiki.
ganxilul magaliTebSi mocemuli funqciebis grafikebi Sedgeba wrfis

nawilebisagan. aseT funqciebs uban-uban wrfivi funqciebi ewodeba.
magaliTi 6.
dawereT y=g(x) funqcia, romelic miiReba f(x)=2x+3 funqciis
paraleluri gadataniT.
{x → x–3
y → y+5
amoxsna:
paraleluri gadataniT wrfe gadadis missave paralelur wrfeSi. e.i.
g(x) = 2x + b. vipovoT g wrfis erTi romelime wertili. A(0;3) aris f wrfis
wertili. A(0;3) → A1(–3;8). A1 ki g wrfis wertili iqneba.
{g(x) = 2x+b
A1 (–3;8) ) ⇒ 8 = –6 + b ⇒ b = 14. e.i. g(x) = 2x + 14.

1. y = 7x + 5 wrfe miiReba, Tu y = 7x wrfes paralelurad gadavitanT
? erTeuliT zeviT, xolo y = 7x – 5 wrfis misaRebad y = 7x wrfe unda gadavi-
tanoT ? erTeuliT ? ;
2. Tu funqciis grafiki aris wrfe, maSin is ? funqciaa da moicema formuliT
? ;
3. mocemulia sami wrfivi funqcia f(x)=3x ϕ(x)=3x+2 g(x)=l5x–4. am funqciaTa
grafikebidan paraleluria ? da ? wrfeebi, xolo ikveTeba ? da ? wrfeebi.
4. Tu k>0, maSin y=kx+b wrfe aucileblad gaivlis ? meoTxedebSi.
5. Tu k<0, maSin y=kx+b wrfe aucileblad gaivlis ? meoTxedebSi.
savarjiSoebi:
1 mocemuli grafikebidan romelia wrfivi funqciis grafiki?
2 funqciebidan romelia
wrfivi funqcia?
260
7. wrfivi funqcia
3 wrfivi funqcia mocemulia y = 4x – 7 formuliT, ipoveT:

a) y-is mniSvnelobebi, romelic Seesabameba x-is Semdeg mniSvn-
elobebs: 0; –3; 5; 2,5;
b) ipoveT x-is mniSvnelobebi, romelic Seesabameba y-is Semdeg
mniSvnelobebs –7; 0; 9,4; 5.
4 kvadratuli formis baRs, romlis gverdis sigrZe 12 m-ia,

gars erTnairi siganis biliki akravs. romelia wrfivi Sem-
degi funqciebidan: x sm
f
a) bilikis sigane → didi kvadratis perimetri;
f
b) bilikis sigane → bilikis farTobi;
f
g) bilikis sigane → didi kvadratis farTobi
(pasuxi daasabuTeT).
swrafi ageba:
y = 3 x + 2
5 aageT funqciis grafiki: 1) f:x → 1,5x+2; 2) f:x → –3x+4. 2
grafikis saSualebiT ipoveT: 1. movniSnoT A(–2;–1)
wertili.
a) x, Tu f(x)=3; –4; 0; b) f(x) Tu x=2; –5; 1,2. 2. meore mTelkoor-
dinatebiani wertili
miiReba A wertilis
6 grafikis augeblad ipoveT: paraleluri gadata-
a) y=3x–7; b) y = –2,5x+4; niT x RerZis gaswvriv
2 erTeuliT da y Rer-
g) y = 5x+15; d) y = –2x+8 Zis gaswvriv 3 erTeu-
liT.
funqciaTa grafikebis sakoordinato RerZebTan gadakveTis gaixseneT y = 3 x + 2
2
wertilTa koordinatebi. wrfe (ix. gv.) da a.S.
y
7 grafikis augeblad daadgineT, Semdegi wertilebidan rom-
eli mdebareobs y=2,5x – 4 funqciis grafikze: 3
A(100; 246); B(–2; –9); C(3;4); D(–7; 15); E(–6; –19).
2
3
8 grafikis augeblad daadgineT, mdebareobs Tu ara A(4; 8);
B(3;15); C(–5; –15) wertilebi erT wrfeze. 2
3
9 aageT y = –x funqciis grafiki. miRebuli grafikis saSualebiT 2
aageT Semdegi funqciis grafiki: 2
3
a) y = –x–2; b) y = –x+3; –2 0 2 4 6 x
g) y = –x–1; d) y = –x+1. 2
dawereT Sesabamisi paraleluri gadatanis formulebi.
10 erTsa da imave sakoordinato sistemaSi sqematurad aageT

Semdeg funqciaTa grafikebi:
a) y = 3x; y = 3x+4; y = 4; y = –3x+4;
b) y = –2x–3; y = –3; y = 2x–3; y = 0,5x–3.
261
V Tavi
11 k-sa da b-s rogori mniSvnelobebisTvis aris
a) y=kx+b–7; b) y=(k–3)x+b
funqcia pirdapirproporciuloba?
12 Semdegi funqciebidan romeli wrfea blagvi kuTxiT daxrili

ox sxivisadmi zeda naxevarsibrtyeSi:
a) y = 2x+5; b) y = –3x+7; g) y = 4x; d) y = –5x.
13 Semdegi wrfeebidan romeli gadakveTs y=5x wrfes:

a) y=5x–7; b) y=–5x–4; g) y=5x+1; d) y=–7x?
14 mevenaxes erTi kilogrami yurZnis moyvana 30 TeTri

ujdeba. sxvadasxva xarji, rac mosavlis realizaciasTanaa
dakavSirebuli, 300 lars Seadgens. dawereT funqcia, romelic
gviCvenebs mogebis damokidebulebas mosavlis raodenobaze,
Tu yurZnis bazarze gasayidi fasi saSualod 50 TeTria. aris
Tu ara es damokidebuleba wrfivi? aageT Sesabamisi grafiki.
15 ipoveT Semdeg funqciaTa grafikebis gadakveTis wertilTa

koordinatebi (grafikis augeblad):
a) y=3x+4 da y=4x–7; g) y=4x–7 da y=5;
b) y=x–7 da y=1,5x+4; d) y=2x–5 da y=4x+3.
16 dawereT l wrfis gantoleba, Tu naxazze

mocemuli wrfeebi paraleluria.
17 dawereT naxazze mocemul y=kx+b damokidebulebaSi k da b

koeficientebis niSnebi.
18 a-s ra mniSvnelobebisTvis ekuTvnis M(a;–14) wertili y=6x+a

funqciis grafiks? ipoveT MK monakveTis sigrZe, sadac
K(–1,5a; –2).
19 y=x+2k wrfe gadis (1; –3) wertilze. ipoveT k-s mniSvneloba.
20 C(5; k) wertili mdebareobs wrfeze, romelic gadis A(0;1) da

B(–2; –1) wertilebze. ipoveT k.
262
7. wrfivi funqcia
21 Semdeg amocanebSi daadgineT, aris Tu ara sakmarisi moce-

muli pirobebi amocanis amosaxsnelad, dadebiTi pasuxis Sem-
TxvevaSi gaeciT pasuxi dasmul kiTxvas. uaryofiTis SemTx-
vevaSi moifiqreT, ra monacemis damatebaa sakmarisi amocanis
amosaxsnelad. daadgineT k koeficientis niSani, Tu y=kx+b
funqciisTvis sruldeba piroba:
a) f(–4)>f(1); b) f(0)<0; g) f(5)=3 da f(–2)=0; d) f(9)>5.
22 aageT y = 2x–3 funqciis grafiki, sadac

a) –1 ≤ x ≤ 4; b) x ≥ 0; g) x ≤ –2.
23 romel meoTxedebSia ganlagebuli Semdeg funqciaTa gra

fikebi?
a) y=-2x+3; b) y=2x+3; g) y=3x-2; d) y=3x+4.
24 firmas manqanis erTi detalis damzadeba 20 lari ujdeba.

sxvadasxva saxis gadasaxadebSi firma 500 lars ixdis.
cnobilia agreTve, rom firmas SeuZlia TveSi 500 detalis
damzadeba. ra fasad unda gayidos firmam detali, rom
a) darCes mogeba;
b) TveSi 1500 lari mogeba darCes; g) imuSaos wagebaze;
d) ganicados maqsimaluri wageba?
e) dawereT funqcia f: gasayidi fasi → yovelTviuri mogeba;
v) rogori damokidebuleba arsebobs detalis gasayid fassa
da yovelTviur mogebas Soris?
z) ipoveT f(21); f(25) — axseniT misi Sinaarsi.
25 mcxeTidan quTaisis mimarTulebiT avtomobilma 60 km/sT siC-

qariT daiwyo moZraoba.
a) dawereT funqcia f : dro → avtomobilis daSoreba Tbilisi-
dan, Tu cnobilia, rom manZili Tbilisidan mcxeTamde 35 km-ia
(vigulisxmoT, rom avtomobili mudmivi siCqariT moZraobs);
b) aageT miRebuli funqciis grafiki;
g) rogor Seicvleba grafikis daxris kuTxe Ox sxivis mimarT,
Tu avtomobili 70 km/sT siCqariT imoZravebs?
26 dawereT funqcia, romelic tolferda samkuTxedis:

a) fuZesTan mdebare kuTxes uTanadebs fuZis mopirdapire
kuTxis gare kuTxes;
b) fuZis mopirdapire kuTxis gare kuTxes uTanadebs fuZesTan
mdebare kuTxes.
27 raketa, romlis wona startis aRebisas 800 tonaa, pirveli

ori wuTis ganmavlobaSi wvavs 612 t sawvavs. amasTan, am drois
ganmavlobaSi wvis procesi Tanabrad mimdinareobs:
a) dawereT funqcia f : dro (wT-ebSi) → raketis wona (t-Si);
b) daxazeT f funqciis grafiki;
g) grafikis saSualebiT dadgineT: 1) ramden tonas iwonis ra-
keta startidan 1,5 wT-is Semdeg; 2) ramdeni wamis Semdeg iqne-
ba raketis wona 500 t.
263
V Tavi
m(kg) 28 naxazze mocemulia funqciis grafiki, romelic
gviCvenebs WurWlis masis damokidebulebas masSi
4 Casxmuli siTxis moculobaze. ipoveT:
3 a) carieli WurWlis masa;
2 b) WurWlis masa erTi litri siTxiT;
1 g) erTi litri siTxis masa;
1 2 3
d) siTxis moculoba, romelic Casxmulia WurWelSi, Tu
V(l)
mTliani wona 3 kg-ia.
29 mocemulia funqcia f(x), sadac:
f(x) = {
3x–2, Tu x<–3
–2x+5, Tu x≥–3
ipoveT: a) f(1); b) f(–3); g) f(–4); d) f(0).
30 mocemulia y=f(x) funqcia:
f(x) = {
x+5,7, Tu x<–1,3
–5, Tu x≥–1,3
ipoveT: a) f(–5); b) f(–20); g) f(0); d) f(1,273).
31 aageT funqciis grafiki:
a) y = { 1, Tu –4 ≤ x ≤ –1
2x+3, Tu –1 < x ≤ 1
; b) y = {
0, Tu –5 ≤ x ≤ –2
x+2, Tu –2 < x ≤ 2
;
g) y = { –x+1, Tu –2 ≤ x ≤ 1
x–1, Tu 1 < x ≤ 4
; d) y = { x+3, Tu –4 ≤ x ≤ 0
–x+3, Tu 0 < x ≤ 4
.
32 aageT grafiki:
a) y = { –x; x < –1
x, Tu x ≥ –1
; b) y = {
2x, Tu –1 ≤ x < 1
3–x, Tu 1 < x ≤ 4
;
g) y =0,25|x|+1; d) y =|x|+0,5x; e) y = |x|

x
(x–2).
33 mocemulia funqcia: y =
–x+2; x < 0
x+2, x ≥ 0 {
m(kg) dawereT es funqcia erTi formuliT, modulis niSnis
gamoyenebiT.
4
3
2 34 naxazze mocemulia funqcia, romlis gansazRvris area
1 –2≤x≤6. CawereT funqcia analizurad.
–2 –1 1 2 3 4 V(l)
35 y=j(x) funqcia miiReba y=f(x) funqciis { x → x–1

y → y+2
paraleluri
gadataniT. dawereT y=j(x) funqcia, Tu:
a) f(x)=3x; b) f(x)=x+2; g) f(x)=2x–1; d) f(x)=3x–5.
264
7. wrfivi funqcia
36 mamam anas da nikas Tanabari raodenobis gasaberi burTebi

g
2 7
miutana. anam yvela burTis gabera, nikam _ . romels
3 8
ufro meti gaberili burTi aqvs da ramdeniT, Tu Tavidan
TiToeulis burTebis raodenoba 30-ze naklebi iyo?
37 CawereT perioduli aTwiladis saxiT da ipoveT mZimis Semdeg

me-5; me-10; me-40; me-100 cifri.
1
a) 2 ; b) ; g) 1 ; d) 2 .
7 6 12 3
38 distributors maRaziaSi yoveldRiurad erTi da igive
raodenobis koka-kola Semoaqvs. maRazia yoveldRiurad
5
saSualod Semotanili produqciis -s yidis. ramden dReSi
7
erTxel iqneba saWiro koka-kolas Semotana, rom maRazias
deficiti ar hqondes?
proeqti:
1. naxazze mocemulia y=f(x) funqciis grafi-

ki. rogor avagoT y=f(x) funqciis grafikis
saSualebiT y=f(x)+b funqciis grafiki?
ganixileT y=f(x)+3, y=f(x)–2 funqciaTa
grafikebis ageba, risTvisac SeasruleT
Semdegi:
a) grafikis saSualebiT ipoveT f(a); f(k); f(c);
f(m). mniSvnelobebi. nax. 1
b) aageT wertilebi (a; f(a)+3); (k; f(k)+3),
(c; f(c)+3); (m; f(m)+3),
Sesabamisad, (a; f(a)–2); (k; f(k)–2); (c; f(c)–2); (m; f(m)–2) da SeecadeT
gadaWraT mocemuli problema.
2. aRwereT, rogor miiReba y = f(x) funqciis grafikisgan y = –f(x) fun-

qciis grafiki, risTvisac a) wertilebi (a; f(a)); (b; f(b)) . . . SeadareT
Sesabamisad (a; –f(a)); (b; –f(b)) . . . wertilebs. gamoitaneT Sesabamisi
daskvna (1-li naxazis mixedviT).
3. naxazze mocemulia y=f(x) funqciis

grafiki.
a) rogor mniSvnelobebs Rebulobs y=f(x)
funqcia,
roca 1) x<–1; 2) x>4; 3) x∈(–1;4).
b) SeadareT wertilebi (a; f(a)) da
(a; |f(a)|), roca:
1) a<–1; 2) a∈(–1; 4); 3) a>4.
gamoitaneT daskvna, rogor avagoT y=f(x) funqciis
grafikisgan y=|f(x)| funqciis grafiki.
265
V Tavi
8. wrfivi gantolebisa da
utolobis grafikuli amoxsna
1. sahaero burTSi yovel wuTSi itumbeba 5 m3 airi. burTSi

SeiZleba Caitumbos araumetes 50 m3 airisa.
a) aageT grafiki, romelic gviCvenebs burTSi Catumbuli airis
raodenobis (m3-Si) droze damokidebulebas.
b) grafikis saSualebiT daadgineT, Catumbvis dawyebidan
ramden wuTSi gaskdeba burTi.
ras niSnavs, amovxsnaT ax+b=c gantoleba grafikulad?

avagoT y=ax+b funqciis grafiki da vipovoT x cvladis ra
mniSvnelobisaTvis gautoldeba y cvladi c-s. anu rac igivea,
erTsa da imave sakoordinato sistemaSi avagoT y=ax+b da y=c
funqciaTa grafikebi. maTi gadakveTis wertilis abscisa iqneba x
cvladis saZiebeli mniSvneloba.
magaliTi 1.
–2x+3=2 gantoleba amoxseniT anali-
zurad da grafikulad.
amoxsna:
analizurad: (–2x+3=2) ⇔ (–2x=–1) ⇔
⇔ (x=0,5); A={0,5}. grafikulad: avagoT
f : x → –2x+3; g : x → 2 funqciaTa
grafikebi. maTi gadakveTis wertilis
abscisa tolia 0,5-is, e. i. x=0,5.
magaliTi 2.
amoxseniT grafikulad: a) 2x+3=0;
b) 3x–1=–2x+4; g) 3x–1<–2x+4.
f amoxsna:
a) avagoT f: x → 2x+3; g: x → 0. rogorc
viciT, g: x → 0 funqciis grafiki TviT
x RerZia, e. i. gantolebis amonaxseni
iqneba f funqciis grafikisa da abscisaTa
RerZis gada-kveTis wertilis abscisa,
x = –1,5.
266
b) erTsa da imave sakoordinato sistemaSi
avagoT f: x → 3x–1 da g: x → –2x+4 funqciaTa
grafikebi.
grafikebis gadakveTis wertilis absci
saa x = 1.
( x = 1-Tvis f(1) = g(1) ).
e. i. gantolebis amonaxsenia x = 1 .
g)* avagoT f(x)=3x–1 da y(x)=–2x+4

funqciaTa grafikebi naxazidan
advilad SevamCnevT, rom, roca
x∈(–∞; 1) f funqciis mniSvnelobebi
naklebia, g funqciis mniS
vnelobebze, xolo x∈(1;∞) Sua
ledSi ki piriqiT _ f funqciis
mniSvnelobebi metia g funqciis
mniSvnelobebze.
e. i. (3x–1 < –2x+4) ⇔ x∈(– ∞; 1).
magaliTi 3*.
ramdeni amonaxseni aqvs |x| = 5 x – 2 gantolebas?
3
amoxsna:
erTsa da imave sakoordinato sistemaSi avagoT
f : x → |x| da g: x → 5 x – 2 funqciaTa grafikebi.
3
f funqciis grafikis asagebad ganvixiloT ori
SemTxveva
a) Tu x>0, maSin |x| = x da f: x → x.
b) Tu x<0, maSin |x| = –x da f: x → –x.
f da g funqciaTa grafikebs aqvs erTi gadakve-
Tis wertili. e. i. x= 5 x –2 gantolebas aqvs erTi
3
amonaxseni x=3.

1. Tu f(x)>3 utolobis amonaxseni nebismieri ricxvia,
maSin y=f(x) funqciis grafiki mTlianad moTavsebulia
y=3 wrfis ? ;
2. naxazis mixedviT f(x)>g(x), Tu x ∈ ? Sualeds.
f(x)≤g(x), Tu x ∈ ? Sualeds.
f(x)=g(x), Tu x= ? an x= ? .
267
V Tavi
savarjiSoebi:
1 amoxseniT gantoleba analizurad da grafikulad:
1
a) 5x – 1 = 3; b) 4 – 0,2x = –1; g) 5 + 3 x = 3;
1
d) –0,6x + 2 = –2; e) 0,5x – 1 = x + 3; v) 2 2 x + 2 = –0,5x – 1.
2 dawereT f wrfivi funqcia, romelic x RerZs kveTs (5;0) wertilSi

da gadis P wertilze: a) P(0;3); b) P(0;–1).
3* f wrfivi funqciis daxris koeficienti 3-is tolia da gadis

wertilze (4;0). amoxseniT f(x)=3 gantoleba analizurad da
grafikulad.
4 ramdeni amonaxseni aqvs gantolebas:

a) |x| =2x+1; b) |x| = 0,2x+2; g) |x| =0,5x–1.
5 amoxseniT grafikulad:
a) 5x+7>2x–3; b) 3x+4<8; g)* |x|>2x–4;
3
d) 2 x–5≤x–8; e)* |x–2|>5; v)* |x+3|<x–4.
6* naxazze wiTeli wiriT mocemulia f funqciis, mwvaniT

_ g funqciis grafiki. x-is ra mniSvnelobisaTvis aris:
1) f da g funqciis mniSvnelobebi toli;
2) f funqciis mniSvnelobebi meti g-s mniSvnelobebze;
3) g funqciis mniSvnelobebi meti f-is mniSvnelobebze;
4) g funqciis mniSvnelobebi dadebiTi;
5) f funqciis mniSvnelobebi uaryofiTi?
7* naxazze mocemuli f da g funqciebis

grafikebisaTvis pasuxi gaeciT imave
SekiTxvebs, romelic wina amocanaSia
dasmuli.
8 naxazze mocemulia y=f(x) funqciis grafiki.

a) amoxseniT utoloba: f(x)≤4;
b) x-is ramdeni mTeli mniSvneloba akmayo
filebs mocemul utolobas?
268
8. wrfivi gantolebisa da utolobis grafikuli amoxsna
9 turistTa ori jgufi gamovida erTi da

imave adgilidan da sxvadasxva marSrutiT
gaemgzavra daniSnulebis adgilisaken. naxazze
mocemulia maTi moZraobis grafikebi. naxazis
mixedviT upasuxeT Semdeg SekiTxvebs:
a) romelma jgufma imoZrava Sesvenebis gareSe
da risi toli iyo misi moZraobis siCqare?
b) ramdeni saaTi dasWirda TiToeul jgufs
daniSnulebis adgilze Casasvlelad?
g) gasvlidan ramdeni kilometris gavlis Semdeg Seisvena
pirvelma jgufma da ramdeni xniT. rogori iyo misi siCqare
Sesvenebamde da Sesvenebis Semdeg?
d) gasvlidan ra droSi moxda maTi Sexvedra da ramdeni
kilometri hqondaT maT darCenili gasavleli?
e) drois ra monakveTSi iyo I jgufi sawyisi punqtidan ufro
Sors, vidre meore da piriqiT, ra monakveTSi iyo meore jgufi
sawyisi punqtidan ufro Sors, vidre pirveli?
10 qromotografiuli svetidan 10 dRis ganmavlobaSi Camodis g

preparatis 8,64·105 wveTi. ramdeni wveTi Camodis svetidan
1 wT-Si?
11 daamrgvaleT: 1) aTeulebamde: 13456; 27338; 43023.
2) aseulebamde: 74546; 30317; 41590.
3) aTaseulebamde: 88888; 94321; 70421
12 daTos levans da kaxas sul 20 lari aqvT. daTos da levans
erTad 15 l da 70T, xolo levans da kaxas 12 l da 80T. ra Tanxa
aqvs TiToeuls?
13 Semdegi ricxvebidan ipoveT racionalur ricxvTa saSua
lo ariTmetikuli:
0,1010010001 . . . ; 0,333 . . .; 0,101010 . . .; 0,3434434444 . . .
14 Tu f(x)=3x+1; g(x)=2x-3 da x∈[2; 5] ipoveT:

a) f(x) funqciis mniSvnelobaTa simravle;
b) g(x) funqciis mniSvnelobaTa simravle.
● rogor fiqrobT, ra iqneba f(x)+g(x) gamosaxulebis umciresi,
udidesi mniSvneloba?
● SeafaseT f(x)–g(x) da f(x); g(x) gamosaxulebebis mniSvnelobaTa
simravleebi.
● ra daskvnas gamoitanT?
269
V Tavi
jgufuri mecadineoba
y
1. naxazze mocemulia ori urTierTmarTobuli
kx
)=
f(x)=kx da g(x)=k1x wrfe. aCveneT, rom

f(x
A(x1;y1) 1
k1 = – .
C(x2;y2) k
am davalebis Sesasruleblad:
1) Tu OA=OC, aCveneT, rom ΔOAB da ΔOCM toli sam-
M 0 B x
g(x kuTxedebia;
)=k
1 x 2) A(x1;y1) da C(x2;y2) wertilTa koordinatebis saSu-
alebiT gamosaxeT Sesabamisad k da k1 koeficientebi;
3) ipoveT k da k1 koeficientebs Soris damokideb-
uleba.
y
2. aCveneT, rom A(x1,y1) da B(x2;y2) wertilebze gama-
y2 B
(x2;y2) vali wrfis gantolebas aqvs saxe
y2– y1 y – y2
x2 – x1 = x – x2 (1) .
y1 A
(x1;y1) am davalebis Sesasruleblad:
1) dawereT A da B wertilebze gamavali y=kx+b saxis
0 x1 x2 gantoleba, risTvisac A da B wertilebis koordi-
x
f natebis saSualebiT gamosaxeT k da b ricxvebi.
2) mieciT AB wrfis miRebul gantolebas (1) saxe.
3. ipoveT manZili M(2;5) wertilidan y=x–2 wrfemde.
savarjiSoebi:
1 dawereT mocemuli wrfis marTobuli romelime erTi wrfis

gantoleba:
a) y = 5x – 1; b) y = –2x + 3; g) y = –0,5x + 7.
2 dawereT A(5; 1) wertilze gamavali qvemoT mocemuli wrfis

marTobuli wrfis gantoleba:
a) y = 2x + 1; b) y = –0,5x – 2; g) y = x + 5.
3 dawereT AB wrfis gantoleba, Tu:

a) A(2; 1); B(3; –2); b) A(5; –1); B(2; 0); g) A(0; 5); B(2; 3).
4 ipoveT manZili A wertilidan y = x + 1 wrfemde:

a) A(–2; –1); b) A(0; 0); g) A(–2; 4).
270
es sainteresoa
Cvens garSemo, bunebaSi, yvelaferi moZraobs da yvelaferi

icvleba. dedamiwa brunavs Tavisi RerZis garSemo da agreTve
mzis garSemo. aseve mzec Tavis yvela planetasTan erTad moZ-
raobs kosmosSi. funqciis erT-erTi ZiriTadi daniSnulebaa _
aRweros bunebaSi mimdinare realuri procesebi. jer kidev didi
italieli mecnieri galileo galilei ambobda, rom bunebis wigni
RmerTma maTematikur enaze dawera, romlis asoebic maTemati-
kuri niSnebi da geometriuli figuraa. funqcia ki maTematikuri
enis is saSualebaa, romelic aRwers bunebaSi mimdinare cvlile-
baTa procesebs.
swavlulebma ukve didi xania SeamCnies, rom bunebaSi esa Tu is
galileo galilei
procesi 1) TandaTanobiT (uwyvetad) da 2) naxtomiseburad mimdi-
nareobs. magaliTad, garkveuli simaRlidan raime sxeulis miwaze (1564-1642 ww.)
vardnisas moZraobis siCqare Tavdapirvelad TandaTanobiT iz-
rdeba, xolo miwis zedapirTan Sejaxebisas naxtomiseburad icv-
leba, xdeba nulis toli an miwis zedapiridan àxtomisas~ icvlis
mimarTulebas (magaliTad, burTi). siCqaris droze damokideb-
ulebis SesaZlo grafiki 1-el naxazzea mocemuli.
a) nax. 1
b)
nax. 2
a)
b)
nax. 3
me-2-e naxazze gamosaxulia ori wiri, romelic daxazulia seismografis
mier (xelsawyo, romelic iwers dedamiwis qerqis rxevas). zeda wiri miRebu-
lia maSin, roca dedamiwis qerqi mSvidadaa, xolo b) _ miwisZvrisas.
me-3 naxazze mocemulia ori kardiograma. zeda gviCvenebs gulis normal-
ur muSaobas, qveda ki avadmyofi gulis muSaobas.
seismologi seismogramiT mixvdeba, rodis da sad moxda miwisZvra, amave
dros gansazRvravs biZgebis Zalasac. eqimic kardiogramis meSveobiT igebs,
ra darRveva aRiniSneba gulis muSaobaSi da avadmyofs swor diagnozs usvams.
orive SemTxvevaSi eqimic da seismologic Seiswavlis raRac funqciebs
misive grafikis mixedviT.
maTematika _ es aris is, ris meSveobiTac

adamiani bunebas da Tavis Tavs marTavs.
andrei kolmogorovi
271
V Tavi
9. wrfivi orucnobiani gantoleba
x–1 amocana 1.
marTkuTxa formis nakveTis sigane sigrZeze
1 m-iT naklebia. risi toli SesaZloa iyos am
x nakveTis sigrZe da, Sesabamisad, perimetri?
vTqvaT, marTkuTxedis sigrZe x m-ia, maSin sigane (x–1)m iqneba. Tu

Ax+By+C=0 saxis gan-
tolebas, sadac x da y
perimetrs y-iT aRvniSnavT, miviRebT:
cvladebia, xolo A, B y=2x+2(x–1), anu 4x–y–2=0 (1) orucnobian gantolebas.
da C nebismieri ricx-
vebi, wrfivi oruc
nobiani gantoleba
ewodeba.
?  ipoveT (1) gantolebis romelime amonaxseni.
ucnobebis mniSvnelobaTa im wyvils, romelic orucno

bian gantolebas WeSmarit ricxviT tolobad aqcevs, am
gantolebis amonaxseni ewodeba.
vipovoT (1) gantolebis sxva amonaxsnebic, risTvisac mivaniWoT

x-s raime mniSvneloba da miviRebT y-is Sesabamis mniSvnelobas.
SevadginoT cxrili:
sakoordinato
sibrtyis yvela im y = 4x – 2
wertilTa erToblio-
x y (x;y)
bas, romlis koordi-
natebic orucnobiani 1 4∙1 – 2 = 2 (1;2)  gaagrZeleT cxrili da ip-
gantolebis amonaxs-
1,5 4∙1,5 – 2 = 4 (1,5;4) oveT (1) gantolebis kidev sami
nebia, am gantolebis amonaxseni.
grafiki ewodeba. 2 4∙2 – 2 = 6 (2;6)
2,5 4∙2,5 – 2 = 8 (2,5;8)
3 4∙3 – 2 = 10 (3;10)
3,5 4∙3,5 – 2 = 12 (3,5;12)
Tu marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeze movniSnavT werti-

lebs, romelTa koordinatebic 4x–y–2=0 gantolebis amonaxs-
nebia, vnaxavT, rom es wertilebi erT φ wrfeze iqneba ganlage-
buli.
1. miRebul wrfeze aiReT nebismieri C wertili. iqneba Tu ara C
wertilis koordinatebi mocemuli gantolebis amonaxseni?
2. SesaZlebelia Tu ara movZebnoT φ wrfeze
wertili, romlis koordinatebic ar iqneba
mocemuli gantolebis amonaxseni?
3. rogori damokidebuleba arsebobs φ
wrfis wertilebsa da mocemul gantolebas
Soris?
272
ganvixiloT Ax+By=C wrfivi orucnobiani gantoleba.
radgan, roca B≠0, Ax+By=C gantolebas SesaZlebelia mivceT
y=kx+b saxe, amitom SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom:
Tu B≠0, maSin Ax+By=C gantolebis grafiki wrfea.
y
Tu B=0 da A≠0 maSin miviRebT A·x+0·y=c (2) gantolebas.
C 4 x=3
aqedan x = . e. i. (2) gantolebis amonaxsenTa simrav- 3
A
le Sedgeba yvela im (x;y) wertilisgan romelTa abscisa 2 (3;2)
C 1 (3;1)
x = -s tolia. ordinata ki nebismieria. aseT wertil
A 0 1 2 (3;0) x
Ta erToblioba y RerZis paraleluri wrfea, romelic –1
C –2 (3;–2)
abscisaTa RerZs wertilSi kveTs.
A
1. amoxseniT Ax + By = C gantoleba, roca: Tu wertili mdebare

obs grafikze, maSin
a) A=B=O; C≠0; b) A=B=C=O. misi koordinatebi
akmayofilebs grafi-
kis gantolebas.
magaliTi 1.
a) aageT 3x+5y=16 gantolebis grafiki;
b) grafikis mixedviT ipoveT gantolebis amonaxsenTa ori wyvili.
amoxsna: y
a) radgan mocemuli gantolebis grafiki wrfea,
amitom sakmarisia vipovoT misi romelime ori wer- 3x+5y=16
tili. SevadginoT cxrili: 5
4
x y 3
(0; 3,2) da (–3;5) wertilebze gama- 2
0 3,2 vali wrfe iqneba 3x+5y=16 gan- 1
–3 5 tolebis grafiki.
–3 –2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 x
b) naxazis mixedviT mocemuli gantolebis amonax-

senebia wyvilebi: (2; 2) da (7; -1).
magaliTi 2.
aageT:
y
a) x=2; b) y=3 gantolebis grafiki. x=a gantolebis
x=2
4 grafiki y RerZis
amoxsna: a) unda vipovoT sakoordinato paraleluri wrfea,
3
sibrtyis im wertilTa erToblioba, romelic x RerZs x=a
2
romelTa abscisa aris 2-is toli, xolo wertilSi kveTs.
1
ordinata nebismieria. aseTi wertile-
bi ganlagebuli iqneba (2;0) wertilze 0 1 2 x
gamaval x RerZis marTobul wrfeze. –1
–2
273
V Tavi
y
4 b) unda vipovoT sakoordinato si-

y=3 brtyis yvela im wertilTa erToblio-
y=b gantolebis 3
grafiki aris x RerZis 2
ba, romelTa ordinata 3-is tolia, ab-
paraleluri wrfe, scisa ki _ nebismieri. aseT wertilTa
1
romelic y RerZs b erToblioba qmnis x RerZis parale-
wertilSi kveTs. 0 1 2 x lur wrfes, romelic gaivlis (0,3) wer-
–1
–2
tilze.
y=–2x+1 y SeavseT gamotovebuli adgilebi:

5 1. orucnobiani gantolebis amonaxseni ewodeba masSi Sema-
4 vali ucnobebis im ? , romelic gantolebas swor ricxviT
3 tolobad aqcevs.
2 2. naxazze mocemul grafikze mdebareobs wertilebi:
1 (–1; ? ); ( ? ; 5); ( ? ; –3).
x
–3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3. CasviT sityvebi `mdebareobs~ an àr mdebareobs~.
–1
–2 mocemulia y = 2,5x – 3 gantoleba. am gantolebis grafikze:
–3 A(4; 7) ? ; B(–4; –4) ? ; C(2; 2) ? .
savarjiSoebi:
1 gurams mamam dabadebis dReze 20 lari aCuqa. ramdeni burTis
da ramdeni manqanis yidva SeuZlia gurams am TanxiT, Tu erTi
burTi 2 lari, xolo erTi manqana 3 lari Rirs. (vigulisxmoT,
rom guramma Tanxa mTlianad unda daxarjos).
2 mocemuli gantolebebidan romelia wrfivi orucnobiani gan-
toleba.
a) 5x – 7y = 9; b) 2x = 5y – 1; g) x2 + y = 7; d) 2xy – 7x = 9y.
3 5t - 7z = 8 gantolebidan gamosaxeT:
a) t cvladi z-is saSualebiT; b) z cvladi t-s saSualebiT.
4 mocemuli gantolebebidan romeli gantolebis grafiki gadis
A(-1;2) wertilze:
a) 3x – 5y = 1; b) 4y + 7x = 2; g) 3x – y = –5;
d) 10y = 21 + x; e) 11x + 21y = 31; v) 5x + 8y = 11.
5 aageT gantolebis grafiki:
a) 2x – y = 2; b) y – x + 5 = 0; g) 2(x – y) + 3(3x + y) = 5;
d) 2y + 3x = 0; e) y + 5 = 0; v) x – 7,2 = 0.
6 ipoveT a koeficientis mniSvneloba, Tu wyvili (2;3) aris
ax+5y=21 gantolebis amonaxseni.
7 18x + 7y = 12 gantolebis Sesabamis wrfeze aRebulia wertili,
romlis ordinata 3-is tolia. ipoveT am wertilis abscisa.
8 orniSna ricxvis cifrTa jami 16-is tolia.
a) ipoveT es ricxvi; b) ramdeni amonaxseni aqvs amocanas.
9 aageT funqciis grafiki:
274 a) y = –2; b) y = 0; g) y = 3; d) x = –2; e) x = 4; v) x = 0.
9. wrfivi orucnobiani gantoleba
3 +
10 mocemulia y = x 1 gantoleba.
4
a) ra mniSvnelobebi unda mivaniWoT x-s, rom miviRoT y-is
mTeli mniSvneloba;
b) ra mniSvnelobebi unda mivaniWoT y cvlads, rom miviRoTY
x-is mTeli mniSvneloba?
11 marTkuTxa sakoordinato sibrtyeze wiTlad gaaferadeT

yvela is wertili, romelTaTvisac sruldeba:
a) y > –2; b) y ≤ –2; g) x ≥ –4; d) x < –4.
12 rukaze wertilis koordinatebi aRvniSnoT (x;y)-iT, sadac x
ganeds, xolo y grZeds gviCvenebs. amowereT yvela is qalaqi,
romelTaTvis sruldeba: a) 0 < x < 20°; b) 40° < y < 50°.
13 x+2y=18 gantolebisTvis ipoveT toli amonaxsenTa wyvili.
14 mocemulia ori orcvladiani gantoleba: x–y=5 da x+y=11.
ipoveT ricxvTa wyvili, romelic:
a) warmoadgens pirveli gantolebis amonaxsens da ar akmayo
filebs meores;
b) warmoadgens meore gantolebis amonaxsens da ar akmayo
filebs pirvels;
g) akmayofilebs rogorc pirvel, aseve meore gantolebas;
d) ar akmayofilebs arcerT gantolebas.
15 a) daasaxeleT 4x–2y=3 wrfivi gantolebis sami amonaxseni ise,
rom x da y-s hqondes gansxvavebuli niSnebi;
b) daasaxeleT 4x+5y=8 gantolebis sami amonaxseni ise, rom x
da y-s hqondes erTnairi niSnebi.
16 ipoveT is umciresi ricxvi, romelic unaSTod iyofa 1-dan

10-is CaTvliT yvela naturalur ricxvze.
g
17 mkeravma Tavisi 20 Segirdi ramdenime dRiT datova Tavisi
saxlis oTaxebSi ise, rogorc naxazzea naCvenebi. man daavala 2 3 2
zedamxedvels yovel saRamos Seemowmebina, rom saxlis yvela
mxares yofiliyo 7 gogona. a) erT saRamos maT estumraT 4 me- 3 3
gobari. gaanawileT gogonebi ise, rom zedamxedvels, daTv-
lisas saxlis yvela mxares isev 7 gogona daxvdes. 2 3 2
b) meore dRes 4-ma gogonam gaacila 4 stumari. gaanawileT
darCenili gogonebi oTaxebSi ise, rom zedamxedvelma saxlis
yvela mxares kvlav 7-7 gogona daiTvalos.
18 a) SeamCnieT mocemul mimdevrobaSi kanonzomiereba da gaag

rZeleT igi 3 wevriT;
b) daadgineT mimdevrobis zogadi wevris formula:
1) 2, 7, 12, 17,... 2) 6, 14, 22, 30, ...
19 gansazRvreT svetis wneva, Tu masze moqmedi simZimis Zala

4 kn Tanabradaa ganawilebuli 0,16 m2 farTobze. rogori
damokidebulebaa a) wnevasa da zedapiris marTobulad mo-
qmed Zalas Soris; b) wnevasa da zedapiris farTobs Soris;
g)aris Tu ara wnevis damokidebuleba Zalaze wrfivi? 275
V Tavi
10. amovxsnaT gantoleba

mTel ricxvebSi
1. SeuZlia Tu ara salomes 2 da 5 TeTriani monetebiT iyidos

fanqari, romelic 28 TeTri Rirs?
y=kx+b funqcias kidev erTi saintereso Tviseba aqvs.

ganvixiloT y=2x+3 funqcia. SevadginoT cxrili bijiT 1.
x –6 –5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2 5 7
y=2x+3 –9 –7 –5 –3 –1 1 7 11 13 15 17
amoviweroT y=2x+3 funqciis mniSvnelobebisagan Sedgenili mim-

devroba:
–9; –7; –5; –3; –1; 1; 3; 5; 7; 9; 11 . . .
rogorc vxedavT, miRebuli mimdevroba mudmivi nazrdis mqone

mimdevrobaa _ yoveli wevri metia winaze erTi da imave ricxviT
– 2-iT. ase mimdevrobas ariTmetikul progresias uwodeben.
2. y=2x+3 funqciisTvis SeadgineT mocemulis msgavsi cxrili

bijiT 2; 3. daakvirdiT funqciis Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebisa-
gan Sedgenil mimdevrobas. aqvs Tu ara miRebul mimdevrobas
igive Tviseba?
3. SeadgineT wina amocanis msgavsi y = 2x + 1; y = x – 2 funqciebi-
saTvis. daakvirdiT cxrilis II striqonSi miRebul ricxvTa
mimdevrobas, SeecadeT gamoitanoT Sesabamisi daskvna.
y sazogadod, Tu wrfivi funqciis argumentis mniS-

y2 vneloba a erTeuliT gaizrdeba, e.i. Tu x2=x1+a, ma-
Sin funqciis mniSvneloba ka erTeuliT Seicvle-
ka
ba (an gaizrdeba an Semcirdeba). marTlac,
y1
y2 – y1 = k(x1 + a) + b – (kx1 + b) = ka.
x0 x0+a
e. i. Tu wrfivi funqciis argumentis mniSvn-
x1 x2=x1+a x
elobebs erTi da imave a erTeuliT gavzrdiT,
k(x0+a)+b
maSin funqciis Sesabamisi mniSvnelobebi ka er-
ka
TeuliT Seicvleba (gaizrdeba, Tu k>0, da Sem-
kx0+b cirdeba, Tu k<0).
samarTliania Sebrunebuli winadadebac:
Tu argumentis mudmivi nazrdis SemTxvevaSi funqciis

Sesabamisi nazrdebi tolia, maSin es funqcia wrfivi fun
qciaa.
276
am daskvnidan gamomdinare, SevecadoT amovxsnaT wrfivi or
ucnobiani gantoleba mTel ricxvebSi.
ganxiluli Tvisebidan advilad davaskvniT, rom Tu wyvili (x0; y0)
aris y = kx + b orucnobiani gantolebis romelime amonaxseni, ma-
Sin (x0+a; y0+ka) wyvilic amave gantolebis amonaxseni iqneba.
ganvixiloT paragrafis dasawyisSi mocemuli amocana Tu 2-Te-

Triani monetebis raodenobas x-iT, xolo 5-TeTrianisas - y-iT
aRvniSnavT, miviRebT gantolebas:
2x + 5y = 28.
aqedan
2 +2 28+ 28 28 -28
2x- 2x
y =- x x (1) (anu
y =- 1) y = y = .
5 5 5 5 5 5 diofante, III s-is didi
berZeni maTematiko-
advilad mixvdebiT, rom wyvili (4; 4) (1) gantolebis amonaxsenia.
si. igi ganixilavda
Tvisebis Tanaxmad, (4+a;4+ka) wyvilic mocemuli gantolebis sxvadasxva gantole-
2 2 bebs mTeli da racio-
amonaxseni iqneba. radgan k =- , amitom ak =- a a∈Z,
! z. roca a=5
5 5 naluri amonaxsnebiT
(sazogadod 5-is jeradi.) aqedan gamomdinare ka = –2 da (1) gan- da miuTiTebda maTi
moZebnis gzebs.
tolebis sxva mTeli amonaxsnebi iqneba:
x y (x;y)
–1 6 (–1;6)
+5 –2
4 4 (4;4) sazogadod )x = 4 + 5n
+5 –2
9 2 (9;2) y = 4 - 2n
+5 –2
14 0 (14;0)
+5 –2
19 –2 (19;–2)
radgan ganxilul amocanaSi x,y≥0, amitom amocanis amonaxsnebi

iqneba wyvilebi: (4; 4), (9: 2), (14; 0).
ba, sadac m, n, c∈z.

n
sazogadod, ganvixiloT (my – nx = c) ⇒ y = x +
m (
c
m
(1)
(1)gantole- )
vTqvaT, (1) gantolebis amonaxsenia wyvili (x0;y0), maSin ganxilu-
lis analogiuri msjelobiT miviRebT, rom (1) gantolebis mTeli
amonaxsnebi miiReba formuliT: )x = x0 + mk , k∈z.
y = y0 + nk
savarjiSoebi:
1 amoxseniT gantoleba naturalur ricxvebSi
a) 2y–3x=2; g) 7x–5y=1; e) x(y – 3) = 10; z) 2x2 + 3xy – 2y2 = 13;
b) 3x–5y=19; d) 3x–21y=13; v) x2 – y2 = 17; T) (2x–y)2 – (x+2y)2 = 13.
2 ipoveT 1-dan 100000-mde yvela naturaluri ricxvi, romelic

iyofa 73-ze da bolovdeba 001 cifrebiT.
3 ori sxvadasxva zomis yuTebiT manqanaSi detalebis raRac

raodenoba CatvirTes. didi yuTi detalebTan erTad iwonis
24 kg-s, patara - 19 kg-c. ramdeni didi da ramdeni patara yuTi
CatvirTes, Tu tvirTis saerTo wonaa 826 kg.
277
V Tavi
4 ipoveT gantolebis mTeli amonaxsnebi:
a) 4x2 – y2 = 7; b) x2 – 5xy + 6y2 = 3.
5 ramdeni cali kolofi dagvWirdeba imisaTvis, rom 195 cali fanqari ga-
vanawiloT Tu yuTSi 10 an 13 fanqari eteva?
x+4 = 5
6 amoxseniT naturalur ricxvebSi: a) ; b) 5x – 2y = 47.
6 y 14
7 orlarianebiT da xuTlarianebiT Sedgenilia 28 lari. ramdeni

orlariani monetaa gamoyenebuli?
8 moswavlem iyida ramdenime wigni, TiTo 5 larad, da ramdenime 7-lariani

kompleqti. ramdeni wigni iyida moswavlem, Tu sul 44 lari gadaixada?
9 fqvili dafasoebulia 3 kg da 2 kg paketebSi. ramdeni paketia TiToeuli,

Tu sul 20 kg fqvilia.
10 a) ipoveT 2x+3y–7=0 gantolebis naturaluri amonaxsnebi;

b) ipoveT naturaluri ricxvTa (x;y) wyvili, romelic akmayofilebs
5x–2y=13 gantolebas da x+y≤25 utolobas.
11 ninom axali binisaTvis ramdenime TefSebis kompleqti, TiTo 30

larad da ramdenime Wiqebis kompleqti, TiTo 38 larad, SeiZina. sul
ramdeni kompleqti SeiZina ninom, Tu gadaxdili Tanxa 400 laria.
12 ori punqtidan, romelTa Soris manZili 580 km-ia, erTmaneTis

Sesaxvedrad ori matarebeli gamovida. Sexvedramde, pirveli gzaSi,
4 saaTi iyo, meore _ 3 saaTi. orive mudmivi siCqariT moZraobda
gaCerebis gareSe. ipoveT orive matareblis siCqare, Tu TiToeuli
maTgani mTeli ricxviT gamoisaxeba.
13 romeli orniSna ricxvisTvis sruldeba: Tu mis cifrebis Soris

CavsvamT 0-s, miviRebT 6-jer met ricxvs.
14 marTkuTxedis TiToeuli gverdi gazardes 2 sm-iT, aRmoCnda, rom

farTobi gaizarda 16 sm2-iT. ipoveT marTkuTxedis gverdebi, Tu
isini mTeli ricxvebiT gamoisaxeba.
15 Cqari matarebeli 5 saaTSi gadis 40 km-iT mets, vidre samgzavro

6 saaTSi. ipoveT maTi siCqareebi, Tu cnobilia, rom isini 10-is
jeradebia da orive 100-ze naklebia da 50-ze meti.

11 SeamowmeT, aqvs Tu ara gantolebas mTeli amonaxsnebi?
a) 2x+4y=7; b) 6x+2y=25; g) 12y=8x+3; d) 4y=3x+7.
daakvirdiT miRebul Sedegebs da gamoitaneT saTanado daskv-
na: ra SemTxvevaSi ar eqneba wrfiv orucnobian gantolebas
amonaxseni mTel ricxvebSi?
278
11. orucnobian gantolebaTa
sistema
1. ninom 2 kg kanfetsa da 3 fila SokoladSi 12 lari gadaixada,

xolo kaxam imave xarisxis 4 kg kanfetsa da 1 fila SokoladSi
14 lari. ra Rirs 1 kg kanfeti da 1 fila Sokoladi?
amoxsna:
vTqvaT, 1 kg kanfeti x lari, xolo 1 fila Sokoladi _ y lari
Rirs. maSin nino gadaixdida 2x+3y, xolo kaxa 4x+y lars, miviRebT
Semdeg gantolebebs:
2x + 3y = 12 (1)
4x + y = 14 (2)
Cveni mizania vipovoT (1) da (2) gantolebebis saerTo amonaxseni.
erTi da imave ucnobebis Semcveli wrfivi orucnobiani

ori gantolebis erTobliobas wrfiv orucnobian gan
tolebaTa sistema ewodeba.
ri gantolebis saerTo amonaxsens am gantolebebisagan

o
Sedgenili gantolebaTa sistemis amonaxseni ewodeba.
(1) da (2) gantolebebisagan Sedgenil sistemas ase aRniSnaven:

2x + 3y =12
4x + y = 14
sistema amovxsnaT grafikulad, risTvisac avagoT TiToeuli
gantolebis Sesabamisi grafiki.
y = – 2 x + 4
mivceT gantolebebs saxe: 3 .
y = – 4x + 14
SevadginoT cxrili:
y y = – 4x + 14
y = – 2x + 4 y = –4x + 14
y=
– 2 5
3 3 x+
4 4
x y (x;y) x y (x;y) 3
2
0 4 (0;4) 1 10 (1;10)
1
3 2 (3;2) 2 6 (2;6)
–2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 x
–1
naxazidan Cans, rom sistemis saerTo –2
amonaxsenia wyvili (3;2). e.i. 1 kg kanfeti
3 lari Rirs, xolo 1 fila Sokoladi _
2 lari.
279
V Tavi
1. aageT gantolebaTa sistemaSi Semavali TiToeuli gantolebis

grafiki:
a) ; b) ; b) .
2. daadgineT: ramdeni amonaxseni aqvs sistemas.

3. gamoitaneT Sesabamisi daskvna: ra SemTxvevaSi eqneba gantole-
baTa sistemas erTi, arc erTi an uamravi amonaxseni.
magaliTi 1.
amoxseniT grafikulad gantolebaTa sistema:
a) ; b) .
amoxsna:
a) sistemaSi Semaval gantolebebs mivceT Semdegi saxe:
SevadginoT cxrili:
y = – 3x + 5 y = 1 x – 72
2 2 2
x y (x;y) x y (x;y)
1 1 (1;1) 0 –3,5 (0;-3,5)
3 –2 (3;–2) 7 0 (7;0)
e. i. sistemis amonaxsenia: (3; –2).
b)
y = 2x – 3 y = 2x + 2
x y (x;y) x y (x;y)
0 –3 (0;–3) 0 2 (0;2)
2 1 (2;1) 2 6 (2;6)
miRebuli wrfeebi paraleluria (maTi daxrebi ox

sxivis mimarT tolia). maT saerTo wertili ara
aqvT.
e. i. gantolebaTa sistemas amonaxseni ara aqvs.
280
11. orucnobian gantolebaTa sistema
magaliTi 2.
orucnobian ganto
ramdeni amonaxseni aqvs gantolebaTa sistemas? lebaTa sistemas im-
deni amonaxseni aqvs,
ramdeni saerTo wer-
a) ; b) ; g) . tilic aqvs sistemaSi
Semaval gantoleba
Ta grafikebs.
amoxsna:
a) gantolebaTa sistema ase CavweroT:
3 -1 3
y= x wrfis daxra -ia, xolo
7 7 7
y = –2x – 9 wrfis daxra = –2. e. i. es
wrfeebi ikveTeba da sistemas aqvs
erTaderTi amonaxseni.
b)
(1)
(2) e.i. nebismieri x0

ricxvisTvis wyvili
miviReT: sistemaSi Semavali wrfeebi
( )
x0; 1 x0– 2 iqneba
3 3
paralelurebia. e. i. sistemas amonaxseni ara sistemis amonaxseni
1
aqvs. (orive wrfis daxra = ).
6
g) ⇔
orive wrfe erTmaneTs emTxveva.

e. i. sistemas uamravi amonaxseni aqvs.
1. gantolebaTa sistemis amonaxsenia ricxvTa iseTi wyvili (an

wyvilebi), romelic akmayofilebs ? gantolebas.
2. gantolebaTa sistemas eqneba erTaderTi amonaxseni, Tu siste-

maSi Semavali gantolebebis grafikebs eqnebaT ? saerTo wer-
tili.
3. sistemas aqvs ? amonaxseni.
281
V Tavi
4. sistemas ? amonaxseni.
5. sistemas aqvs ? amonaxseni .
savarjiSoebi:
1 SeamowmeT, aris Tu ara ricxvTa Semdegi wyvili gantolebaTa

sistemis amonaxseni:
a) (9,5;0,5); b) (–2;3).
2 moifiqreT gantolebaTa sistema, romlis amonaxseni iqneba

wyvili: a) (3; 5) b) (2; 3).
3 amoxseniT grafikulad wrfiv gantolebaTa sistema:
a) ; b) ; g) .
d) ; e) ; v) .
4 Semdegi sistemebis amouxsnelad gaarkvieT, ramdeni amonaxseni

aqvs mocemul sistemas:
a) ; b) ; g) ;
d) ; e) ; v) .
g 5 skolaSi 700 moswavlea, maTgan 357 biWia. skolis moswavleebis

ramdeni procentia biWi?
6 erTma qalma baRSi Seagrova vaSli. baRidan gamosasvlelad mas

mouxda 4 karis gavla. yovel maTgans icavda mcveli, romelic
gasvlis safasurad vaSlis naxevars arTmevda. saxlSi qalma
moitana 10 vaSli. ramdeni vaSli SexvdaT mcvelebs?
7* ricxvs gamoakles misive cifrTa jami. miRebul ricxvs isev ga-

moakles misive cifrTa jami da a.S. mxolod 11 aseTi gamoklebis
Semdeg miiRes nuli. ipoveT mocemuli ricxvi.
282
12. wrfiv gantolebaTa sistemis
amoxsna Casmis xerxiT
1. Tu daTo dagrovil Tanxas Seitans bankSi, sadac gadauxdian

wliur 12%-s, maSin wlis bolos igi iyidis kostiums da kidev
darCeba 100 lari. magram Tu Seitans bankSi, sadac gadauxdian
wliur 10%-s, maSin mas kostiumis yidvis Semdeg 50 lari darCeba.
ra Tanxa hqonda daTos da ra Rirs kostiumi?
vTqvaT, daTos Tavidan hqonda x lari, xolo kostiumi ki y lari

Rirs. miviRebT gantolebaTa sistemas:
1,12 x = y + 100 aqedan  y = 1,12 x − 100

 
1,1x = y + 50  y = 1,1x − 50
 aageT TiToeuli gantolebis grafiki da ipoveT maTi

? saerTo amonaxseni. SeamowmeT, akmayofilebs Tu ara miRe-
buli wyvili gantolebaTa sistemas.
albaT gagiWirdaT, radgan grafikuli xerxiT amoxsnisas, cxadia,

sistemis miaxloebiT amonaxsens vpoulobT. gavecnoT gantole-
baTa sistemis amoxsnis analizur xerxs.
gantolebaTa sistemebs ewodeba tolfasi, Tu maTi amonax

senTa simravle erTmaneTis tolia.
amoxsnis procesSi sistema unda SecvaloT misive tolfasi da

ufro martivi sistemiT, risTvisac gamoiyeneba gantolebaTa
sistemis Semdegi Tvisebebi:
u sistemis romelime gantolebas SevcvliT mocemulis

T
tolfasi gantolebiT, miviRebT mocemuli sistemis tol
fas sistemas. gavixsenoT!
maTematikaSi `⇔~ sim
boloTi aRniSnulia
sityva `tolfasia~.
magaliTad, ⇔
Tu sistemis erT-erTi gantolebidan ganvsazRvravT

romelime cvlads da miRebul mniSvnelobas meore gan
tolebaSi Sesabamisi cvladis nacvlad CavsvamT, mivi
RebT mocemuli sistemis tolfas sistemas.
283
V Tavi
sistemis I gantolebidan
⇔ (1)
ganvsazRvreT y cvladi
Tu sistemis meore gantolebaSi CavsvamT y = x – 2, miviRebT

gavamartivoT sistemis II
(2) gantoleba
miviRebT:
x-is miRebuli mniSvneloba CavsvaT pirvel gantolebaSi, mivi-

RebT
amrigad, sistemis amonaxsenia (5;3) wyvili.

gantolebaTa sistemis amoxsnis ganxilul xerxs Casmis xerxi
ewodeba.
magaliTi 1.
amoxseniT gantolebaTa sistema:
a) ; b) .
amoxsna:
pirveli gantolebidan
a) ⇔
ganvsazRvroT 3y
3y-is miRebuli mniSvneloba

⇔ ⇔
CavsvaT II gantolebaSi
⇔ ⇔ amovxsnaT II gantoleba
x-is miRebuli mniSvneloba

⇔ ⇔
SevitanoT pirvel gantolebaSi
⇔ ⇔ amovxsnaT I gantoleba
⇔ sistemis amonaxsenia (2; 2) wyvili.
b) ⇔ ⇔
⇔ ⇔
284
12. wrfiv gantolebaTa sistemis amoxsna Casmis xerxiT
sistemis pirvel gantolebas akmayofilebs x-is nebismieri

mniSvneloba. e.i. sistemas gaaCnia uamravi amonaxseni. kerZod,
gantolebaTa sistemis amonaxseni iqneba yvela is (x;y) wyvili,
romelic akmayofilebs tolobas y = –2x + 5.
savarjiSoebi:
1 gantolebaTa sistema amoxseniT CasmiT xerxiT:
a) ; b) ; g) ;
d) ; e) ; v) ;
z) ; T) ; i) ;
k) ; l) ; m) ;
n) ; o) ; p) .
2 gantolebaTa sistema amoxseniT CasmiT xerxiT:
a) ; b) ; g) ;
d) ; e) ; v) ;
z) ; T) ; i) ;
k) ; l) ; m) .
3 grafikebis augeblad ipoveT Semdeg gantolebaTa grafikebis

gadakveTis wertilTa koordinatebi:
a) 2x + 5y = 15 da 3x + 8y = –1;
b) 2x + 3y = –4 da 5x + 6y = –7;
g) 5x – 4y = 16 da x – 2y = 6;
d) 7x + 4y = 23 da 8x – 10y = 19.
4* a-s ra mniSvnelobisaTvis gadis ax – 2y = 1 wrfe 3x – y = 4 da

2x + 3y = –1 grafikebis gadakveTis wertilze?
285
V Tavi
g 6* daamtkiceT, rom samniSna ricxvisa da imave cifrebiT, oRond

Sebrunebuli rigiT Cawerili ricxvis sxvaoba ar SeiZleba iyos
romelime naturaluri ricxvis kvadrati.
7 ipoveT y = 3x + 5 gantolebis grafikis koordinatTa RerZebTan

gadakveTis wertilTa koordinatebi.
8 VIIIa klasSi 25 moswavlea. daasabuTeT, rom sami bavSvi mainc

aris erTsa da imave TveSi dabadebuli.
9 ra sigrZisaa monakveTi, romlis zomac rukaze masStabiT

1:400000-Tan aris 10 sm?
10 WeSmaritia Tu ara, rom:
a) samkuTxedis udidesi gare kuTxis mosazRvre gverdi ar

SeiZleba iyos samkuTxedis udidesi gverdi.
b) samkuTxedis biseqtrisa ar aris naklebi imave wverodan

gavlebul simaRleze?
11 ipoveT M(–4;7) wertilis simetriuli wertili:

a) Ox RerZis mimarT; b) Oy RerZia mimarT;
g) koordinatTa saTavis mimarT.
286
13. algebruli Sekrebis xerxi
erTi da imave
feris kolofebis
wona erTi da igivea
1. a) darCeba Tu ara I saswori wonasworobaSi, Tu II sasworis mar-

cxena TefSidan kolofebs gadmovawyobT I sasworis marcxena
TefSze, xolo II sasworis marjvena TefSidan _ I-is marjvena
TefSze?
b) darCeba Tu ara II saswori wonasworobaSi Tu II sasworis mar-
cxena TefSidan aviRebT imden kolofs, ramdeni koloficaa
I-is marcxena TefSze da marjvnidan ki _ imdens, ramdeni kolo-
ficaa I sasworis marjvena TefSze?
CamovayaliboT gantolebaTa sistemis kidev erTi Tviseba.
Tu sistemis romelime gantolebas SevcvliT mocemul gan

tolebaTa jamiT, xolo sxva gantolebebs ucvlelad dav
tovebT, miviRebT mocemuli sistemis tolfas sistemas.
amovxsnaT gantolebaTa sistema.

x-is koeficientebi
gavxadoT mopirdapire
I etapi: ⇔
ricxvebi
SevkriboT sistemis orive Tu a=b

II etapi: ⇔+ gantoleba da c=d
maSin a+c=b+d
marcxena 2y = 60 marjvena
mxareTa jami y = 30 mxareTa jami
miviReT:
III etapi an ,
y-is miRebuli mniSvneloba CavsvaT miRebuli sistemis meore gan-

tolebaSi, miviRebT x = 60.
gantolebaTa sistemis amonaxsenia wyvili (60; 30)
amonaxsenTa simravlea A={(60; 30)}.
287
V Tavi
magaliTi 1.
amoxseniT algebruli Sekrebis xerxiT:
a) ; b) .
amoxsna:
a)

y-is koeficientebi
b) gavxadoT mopirdapire
ricxvebi
magaliTi 2.
qeTim 3 rveulsa da 2 saxazavSi 1 lari da 60 TeTri gadaixada.
natom ki imgvarsave 6 rveulsa da 3 saxazavSi _ 3 lari. ra Rirs
erTi rveuli da erTi saxazavi?
amoxsna: vTqvaT, erTi rveuli x lari, xolo erTi saxazavi y lari
Rirs, maSin qeTi gadaixdida 3x+2y, xolo nato ki _ (6x+3y) lars.
miviRebT gantolebaTa sistemas:
e. i. erTi rveuli Rirs 0,4 lari = 40 TeTri.

erTi saxazavi Rirs 0,2 lari = 20 TeTri.
magaliTi 3.
amovxsnaT gantolebaTa sistemebi:
a)
{
2x+3y=4
4x+6y=8
; b)
{ 2x+3y=4
4x+6y=9
; g)
{
2x+3y=4
4x+5y=10
.
{ | {
2x+3y=4 2x+3y=4 gantolebaTa sistemas akmayofi
a) ⇔ lebs nebismieri (x;y) wyvili, romelic
4x+6y=8 2x+3y=4 2x+3y=4 gantolebis amonaxsenia.
288
{a 1x+b 1y=c 1
b)
{2x+3y=4
4x+6y=9 | { ⇔
4x+6y=8
4x+6y=9
sistemas amonaxseni ar aqvs.
a 2x+b 2y=c 2
a1 b c1
Tu a = 1 = c ,
2 b2 2
{
sistemas aqvs uamravi
2x+3y=4 amonaxseni
g) sistemas aqvs erTaderTi amonaxseni (–1;2). a1 b c1
4x+5y=10 Tu a = 1 ≠ c ,
2 b2 2
sistemas amonaxseni ar aqvs

daakvirdiT a), b), g) sistemebis koeficientebs da gaakeTeT
a1 b
Sesabamisi daskvna. Tu a ≠ 1 ,
2 b2
sistemas aqvs erTaderTi

amonaxseni
savarjiSoebi:
1 amoxseniT algebruli Sekrebis xerxiT:
a) ; b) ; g) ; d) ;
e) ; v) ; z) ; T) .
2 amoxseniT algebruli Sekrebis xerxiT:
a) ; b) ; g) ; d) ;
e) ; v) ; z) ;
T) ; i) ; k) .
3* dawereT y = kx + b saxis gantoleba, Tu misi grafiki gadis:

a) A(2;5) da B(3;–1); b) M(–4;3), N(2;–7) wertilebze.
4 wrfivi funqciis grafiki kveTs sakoordinato RerZebs (–5;0) da

(0;11) wertilebSi. dawereT es funqcia.
5 wrfivi funqcia kveTs abscisaTa RerZs wertilSi, romlis

abscisaa 4, xolo ordinatTa RerZs wertilSi, romlis
ordinataa 11. dawereT es funqcia.
6 ramdeni amonaxseni aqvs sistemas:
a)
{2x–y=1
–6x+3y=2
; b)
{
–5x+2y=7
15x–6y=–21
.
7 tolferda samkuTxedis ferdis sigrZe 5 sm-iT naklebia misi

fuZis sigrZeze. ipoveT am samkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebi,
Tu misi perimetri 23 sm-ia.
289
V Tavi
8 ramdeni wlisaa mama an Svili, Tu mama Svilze 24 wliT ufrosia,
xolo 6 wlis Semdeg mamis wlovaneba 4-jer meti iqneba Svilis
wlovanebaze.
9 fermerma 24 traqtori da kombaini iyida. amasTan traqtori

1,4-jer meti, vidre kombaini. ramdeni traqtori da ramdeni
kombaini iyida fermerma?
10 fermerma ori nakveTidan 460 t yurZeni aiRo. meore wels man

pirvel nakveTze mosavali gazarda 15%-iT, xolo meoreze _
10%-iT da orive nakveTidan aiRo 516 t yurZeni. ramdeni tona
yurZeni auRia fermers pirvel wels TiToeuli nakveTidan?
11 orniSna ricxvi 1,75-jer metia imave cifrebiT, oRond

Sebrunebuli TanmimdevrobiT Caweril ricxvze da 18-iT
metia Tavisive cifrTa jamze. ipoveT es ricxvi.
12 ori turisti erTmaneTis Sesaxvedrad gamovida, A da B

qalaqebidan, romelTa Soris manZili 30 km-ia. Tu pirveli
meoreze ori saaTiT adre gamova, isini erTmaneTs meore
turistis gamosvlidan 2,5 sT-is Semdeg Sexvdebian; xolo
Tu meore pirvelze 2 sT-iT adre gamova, Sexvedra pirveli
turistis gamosvlidan 3 sT-is Semdeg moxdeba. ra manZils
gadis saaTSi TiToeuli turisti?
13 ori qalaqidan, romelTa Soris manZili 650 km-ia, Semxvedri

mimarTulebiT erTdroulad daiwyo moZraoba orma matare
belma. 10 sT-is Semdeg isini erTmaneTs Sexvdnen. Tu pirveli
matarebeli sadguridan meoreze 4 sT 20 wT-iT adre gamovi
doda, maSin isini erTmaneTs meoris gamosvlidan 8 sT-is
Semdeg Sexvdebodnen. ipoveT TiToeuli matareblis siCqare.
14 or muSas erTad muSaobiT samuSaos Sesruleba 6 dReSi Seu-

Zlia. Tu pirveli orjer nela imuSavebs, xolo meore 3-jer
Cqara, maSin isini samuSaos 4 dReSi Seasruleben. ramden dReSi
Seasrulebs samuSaos TiToeuli muSa cal-calke muSaobiT?
15 ori mili 2 sT-is ganmavlobaSi avsebs auzis 5 nawils. Tu

12
pirveli mili 1 sT iqneba gaxsnili, xolo meore _ 3 sT, maSin
aivseba auzis 11 nawili. ra droSi aavsebs auzs marto pirveli
24
mili?
16 samgzavro matareblis Semadgenloba, romelSic Sedis erTi

orTqlmavali da 15 vagoni, iwonis 370,5 tonas. orTqlmavlis
wona 13,3 toniT metia oTxi vagonis wonaze. ipoveT erTi vago-
nisa da erTi orTqlmavlis wona.
17 or megobars 30 lari marTebs. TiToeuls aqvs Tanxis raRac

raodenoba, magram ara imdeni, rom cal-calke SeZlon valis
gadaxda. amitom erTi eubneba meores, _ momeci me Seni fulis
290
2
da me gavistumreb vals. meore pasuxobs: Sen TviTon mome-
3
ci Seni fulis 3 da me SevZleb valis mTlianad gadaxdas~. ra
4
Tanxa hqonda TiToeuls?
18 SeadgineT orucnobiani wrfivi gantolebaTa sistema, Tu

cnobilia, rom am sistemis amonaxsenia:
a) (0;6); b) (–3;–4); g) (–1;2); d) (5;–7).
19 TiToeuls mocemuli gantolebidan SeurCieT meore ganto

leba ise, rom sistemas gaaCndes amonaxsenTa usasrulo
raodenoba:
a) 8x+y=5; b) 3x+4y=8;
g) 5x–2y=4; d) 7x–4y=16.
20 TiToeuls mocemuli gantolebidan SeurCieT meore ganto

leba ise, rom sistemas amonaxseni ar hqondes:
a) 3x–4y=5; b) 2x–7y=1;
g) 2x–5y=8; d) 4x–y=13.
21* a) mocemulia {
x+ay=35
bx+2y=27
sistema.
cnobilia, rom (5;6) wyvili am sistemis amonaxsenia.
ipoveT a da b.
b) mocemulia {
ax–3y=7
5x+by=26
sistema.
cnobilia, rom (10;6) wyvili am sistemis amonaxsenia.
ipoveT a da b.
22 amoxseniT sistema grafikulad: {

ax+3y=11
5x+2y=12
.
Tu cnobilia, rom pirveli gantoleba x=5 da y =–3
mniSvnelobebisTvis WeSmarit tolobad iqceva.
23 ipoveT a da b-s mniSvnelobebi, Tu sistemas

a) aqvs erTaderTi amonaxseni;
{
x+y=5
ax+2y=b
:
b) ar aqvs amonaxseni;
g) aqvs usasrulo raodenobis amonaxseni.
24* ipoveT b-s mniSvnelobebi, romelTaTvis sistemas aqvs erTi

mainc amonaxseni:
{
a)
bx+2y=x+1
y=x+1
; b) {
2x+by=b+3y–3
2x+4y=4
; g) {
bx–y=1
x=1+by
.
25 daasruleT winadadeba ise, rom miviRoT WeSmariti gamonaTq-

vami:
a) erTi muSa erT saaTSi asrulebs samuSaos x nawils, maSin igi
mTel samuSaos Seasrulebs ? ;
b) erTi muSa mTel samuSaos x saaTSi asrulebs. maSin igi 2 saa-
TSi Seasrulebs ? .
291
V Tavi
26 SeadgineT y=kx+b gantoleba,romlis grafiki gadis Semdeg

wertilebze:
a) M(5;5) da N(–10;–19); b) P(4;1) da N(3;–5);
g) A(8;–1) da B(–4;17); d) C(–19;31) da D(1;–9).
27 aqvs Tu ara sistemas amonasni:
a) *3x + 1 = 13 ; b) * 2x + y = 3 .
5x - 4y = 1 11x + 3y = 1

7 x - 5y = 1 5x + 2y = 4
ax - by = 2a - b
28 ipoveT a, b da c, Tu ) sistemis
^c + 1h x + cy = 10 - a + 3b
erT-erTi amonaxsnia wyvili (1;3).
29 amoxseniT sistema:
^x - 1h2 - ^x + 2h2 = 9y ^7 + xh2 - ^5 + xh2 = 65
a) ) ; b) ) .
^ y - 3h2 - ^ y + 2h2 = 5x ^2 - yh2 - ^6 - yh2 = 4x
30 ipoveT iseTi a parametris mniSvneloba, rom sistemas qondes:

1) erTi; 2) arc erTi; 3) uamravi amonaxsni:
a) ) b) ) g) )
x+y = 5 3x + 4y = 12 x - 2y = 4
; ; .
ax - 2y = 4 5x + ay = 8 3x + ay = 12
g 31 ipoveT gantolebis amonaxsenTa simravle (miTiTeba: gamoya-

viT sruli kvadrati):
a) 4x2 + 24x + 36 = 0; g) 100x2 – 64 = 0;
b) –x2 + 16x – 64 = 0; d) 49x2 – 100 = 0.
32 skolaSi 106 meSvideklaseli da sami meSvide klasia. daamtki-

ceT, rom erT meSvide klasSi mainc iqneba 35 bavSvze meti.
33 maTematikis wreze dadis 35 bavSvi. maswavlebelma Seadgina

sami gundi. daasabuTeT, rom erT gundSi mainc aRmoCndeba 12
bavSvze naklebi.
34 gamoTvaleT zepirad (axarisxebis gareSe):

a) 1322 – 1312; b) 10012 – 10002; g) 1512 – 1502.
35 daamtkiceT, rom oTxkuTxedis Siga kuTxeebis jamia 360°.
292
14. sistemebi, romlebic wrfiv
gantolebaTa sistemebze daiyvaneba
 2 2
amovxsnaT x - y = 0 gantolebaTa sistema.
x - 2y = 4
rogorc xedavT, sistemis pirveli gantoleba wrfivi ar aris (x da

y cvladebi meore xarisxSia), amitom zogierTi Tqvengani albaT
ifiqrebs: `rogor unda amovxsnaT, Cven xom aseTi sistemis amoxsna
jer ar gviswavlia~.
aseTma situaciebma ar unda dagvabnios. aseT dros miT ufro
saWiroa gaixsenoT is Teoriuli, Tu praqtikuli codna, rac
dRemde SegiZeniaT. sistemis pirveli gantolebis marcxena mxa-
reSi mdgomi gamosaxulebis mamravlebad daSla xom CvenTvis cno-
bilia. x 2–y 2=(x–y)(x+y).
e. i. miviRebT sistemas
am sistemis amonaxseni ki iqneba meore gantolebis iseTi amonaxs-
nebi, romlebic daakmayofileben pirvel gantolebas, e. i. nulis
tolad aqceven x–y an x+y gamosaxulebas. maSasadame, miviReT
x - y = 0 x + y = 0
 an 
x - 2y = 4 x - 2y = 4
4 4
pirveli sistemis amonaxsenia wyvili (–4;–4) meoris ki _  ; - 
3 3
(SeamowmeT Tavad!). cxadia, orive wyvili gamodgeba mocemuli
sistemis amonaxsenad.
rogori iqneba Cvens mier ganxiluli sistemis grafikuli amox-

sna?
upirveles yovlisa, gavarkvioT ras warmoadgens sistemis pirve-

li gantolebis, x 2–y 2=0-is grafiki.
(x 2 - y 2 = 0) ⇔ ((x - y )(x + y ) = 0) ⇔ (x - y = 0 an x + y = 0) ⇔
⇔ (y = x an y = -x )
e. i. x 2–y 2=0 gantolebis grafiki iqneba y=x, y = –x wrfeTa erTo-

blioba, radgan orive wrfis wertilTa koordinatebi akmayofi-
lebs x 2–y 2=0 gantolebas.
293
V Tavi
y
x sakoordinato sistemaze avagoT:

y=
a) y=x; y = –x; b) x–2y=4 gantolebaTa grafikebi
(nax. 1).
y=4 nax. 1-ze kargad Cans, rom x–2y=4 wrfe (lurji), y=x
x–2
x
da y = –x (wiTeli) grafikebs kveTs A(–4;–4) da wer-
tilebSi.
y=
–x
nax. 1
magaliTi 1.
amoxseniT gantolebaTa sistema:
x 2 + x - 2xy - 2y = 0

2y - 5x = 10
amoxsna:
x 2 + x - 2xy - 2y = 0  x (x + 1) - 2y (x + 1) = 0  (x + 1)(x - 2y ) = 0 
.  ⇔  ⇔  ⇔
  
2y - 5x = 10  2y - 5x = 10  2y - 5x = 10 
 x + 1 = 0 x - 2y = 0 
⇔   an  
2 y - 5 x = 10 2 y - 5 x = 10 
   
amovxsnaT gantolebaTa TiToeuli sistema cal-calke.
x + 1 = 0  x = -1 
a)  ⇔  ⇔ ( -1; 2,5) .
 
2y - 5x = 10  y = 2,5 
 5
 x   y =- 
b)  x - 2y = 0  y =   4  5 5.
+  ⇔ 2 ⇔ ⇔ - ; - 
  2 4
- 5x + 2y = 10  - 4x = 10  x = - 5 
  2
- 4x = 10
  5 5 
A = (- 1; 2,5 ),  - ; - 
  2 4 
savarjiSoebi:
1 amoxseniT gantolebaTa sistema:
 2 2 (x - 3)2 - 9 = 0
a) 2,25 x - 4y = 0 ; b)  .
x + y = 5 2x + y = 1
(x - y )2 - (x + y )2 = 0 xy - y 2 + 2x - 2y = 0
g)  ; d)  .
3x + 2y = 6 y - 1 = 3 x
294
14. sistemebi, romlebic wrfiv gantolebaTa sistemebze daiyvaneba
2* aageT:
a) x - 2 = 1 ; b) (x - 2)(2y + 3x - 1) = 0 ; g) y + 3 = 3 .
gantolebis Sesabamisi grafiki.
3 amoxseniT Semdegi gantolebaTa sistemebi:

 2 2 4x 2 - 9 y 2 = 0
a) 4x - y = 0 ; b)  ;
2x - 3y = 3 3x + 2y = 1
x 2 + xy - x - y = 0 xy - y 2 + 3x - 3y = 0
g)  ; d)  .
 y + 1 = 2x  y - 1 = 3 x + 1
4* aageT Semdegi gantolebis Sesabamisi grafiki:

a) 4x 2 - 9 y 2 = 0 ; b) x 2 = 4y 2 ; g) x = 2 ;
d) y = 3 ; e) y = x ; v) y = - x .
5* amoxseniT gantoleba: 4x 2 + 25 - 12x + y 2 - 8 y = 0 .
6* sakoordinato sistemaSi wiTlad gaaferadeT is wertilebi,

romelTa koordinatebi akmayofileben utolobas
a) y<1; b) x>3; g) y>–3x; d) y<x.
7 meanabrem bankidan Tavdapirvelad gamoitana mTeli Tanxis 20%

da kidev 60 l. meored _ mTeli Tanxis 25% da kidev 20 l. amis
Semdeg mas bankSi kidev darCa 195 l. ra Tanxa hqonda meanabres
bankSi?
8 amoxseniT gantoleba: 2x 3 - 3x 2 + 8x - 12 = 0 .
4 2
9* daSaleT mamravlebad: a + a + 1 .
a) ) b) )
y+x-1 = 0 x+3 y -1 = 0
; ;
y -x-1 = 0 x+y+3 = 0
g) ) d) )
y - 2x + 1 = 0 x-1 +y = 0
; ;
y- x -1 = 0 2x - y = 1
e) ) v) )
x + 2y - 6 = 0 x+y = 2
; .
x-3 -y = 0 3x - y = 1
295
V Tavi
1 qvemoT mocemuli f, g da h Sesabamisobebidan funqciaa mxolod:

a) f; b) g; g) f da g; d) f da h.
2 naxazze mocemuli grafikebidan funqciis grafikia mxolod.

y y h
y
g
f

x 0 x 0 x
a) f; b) g; g) g da h; d) f da h.
3 Tu mocemulia f(x) = 3x2 – 5 funqcia, maSin f(–1)=

a) 3; b) –8; g) –2; d) 0.
4 Tu f(x)=0 gantolebis amonaxsenia x=7, maSin f(x–5)=0 gantolebis amonax-

seni iqneba:
a) x = 0; b) x = 2; g) x = 12; d) x = 15 .
3 7 1
5 mocemuli funqciebidan I. y = x – ; II. y = 5· x + 3; III. y = 3x2 + 9 wrfivia:
5 3
a) I; b) II; g) III; d) arc erTi.
6 mocemuli wertilebidan (A 1;-4); B(0;-7); D(3;0) y=3x–7 funqciis grafiks ekuT-

vnis:
a) mxolod A; b) mxolod B; g) mxolod D; d) A da B.
7 mocemuli wrfeebidan I. y=ax; II. y=ax+5; III. y=ax–1 koordinatTa saTaveze

gadis:
a) mxolod I; b) mxolod II; g) mxolod III; d) arc erTi.
8 romel sakoordinato meoTxedSi ar gaivlis y=2x+5 gantolebis grafiki?

a) I; b) II; g) III; d) IV.
y
9 naxazze mocemuli wrfis gantolebaa:

a) y = 9x + 18; b) y = –2x + 2;
g) y = 0,5x + 2; d) y = 0,3x + 0,6. –2 0 x
296
10 Tu naxazze mocemulia y=kx+b funqciis grafiki, maSin bk
SesaZlebelia udrides:
a) 5; b) –3; g) 4; d) 1.
11 Tu f(x)=kx+b funqciisaTvis sruldeba f(–5)>f(–1) da

f(2– 5 ) = –2, maSin f wrfe gaivlis:
a) I, III da IV meoTxedebSi; b) I, II da III meoTxedebSi;
g) II, III da IV meoTxedebSi; d) I, II da IV meoTxedebSi.
12 f(x) = –0,5x+1; g(x) = 0,5x+1; h(x) = –0,5x–5; φ(x) = –0,5x–5 wrfeebidan parale-

luria mxolod:
a) f da h; b) g, h da φ; g) f, h da φ; d) h da φ.
13 ipoveT y = kx + b funqcia, Tu misi grafiki gadis (5;–2) wertilze da

paraleluria y = –0,5x+5 wrfisa.
a) y = 0,5x+0,5; b) y = –0,5x+0,5; g) y = 2x+5; d) y = –0,5x+2.
14 koordinatTa saTavis mimarT A(-5;7) wertilis simetriuli wertilia:

a) (-5;-7); b) (51;7); g) (5;-7); d) (-7;5).
15 A(2;3) wertilis ori momdevno simetriiT x da y RerZebis mimarT miviRebT:

a) A1(-2;3); b) A1(-2;-3); g) A1(2;-3); d) A1(3;2).
16 koordinatTa saTavis mimarT A(5;5) wertilis saaTis isris sawinaaR-

mdego mimarTulebiT 90°-iani kuTxiTY mobrunebis Sedegad miRebuli
wertilis koordinatebia:
a) (-5;-5); b) (0;5); g) (5;0); d) (-5;5).
17 Semdegi wyvilebidan 2y+3x=13 gantolebis amonaxsenia:

a) x=1; y=3; b) x=3; y=2; g) x=2; y=3; d) x=3; y=4.
18 Tu orniSna ricxvis cifrTa jamia 17, maSin am cifrebis sxvaobis modulia:

a) 1; b) 2; g) 3; d) 4.
19 2y=3x+5 da 3y=2x–5 wrfeebi:

a) paraleluria; b) ikveTeba; g) emTxveva.
 3y = 2x − 9

20  2 7 gantolebaTa sistemas aqvs:
 y = x +
3 9
a) 1 amonaxseni; b) 2 amonaxseni;
g) arc erTi amonaxseni; d) uamravi amonaxseni.
297
V Tavi
V Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi:
y daSoreba A-dan km-Si 1 turisti A turbazidan B sadgurisken gaemarTa.

turistis moZraobis grafiki suraTzea
16 B gamosaxuli. gaarkvieT:
a) ramden saaTSi mivida turisti B sadgurSi;
12 N b) ra manZili gaiara 1 sT-Si;
g) ra siCqariT moZraobda pirvel Sesvenebamde
8 (M punqtamde);
M d) ra dro moandoma bolo 6 km-is gavlas;
e) ra manZili gaiara moZraobis dawyebidan me-3
4
da me-4 saaTebs Soris;
v) ra siCqariT moZraobda M punqtidan N
0 1 2 3 4 5 x punqtamde;
dro saaTebSi z) ipoveT turistis moZraobis saSualo siCqare.
y sigrZe sm.
12 2 naxazze gamosaxulia 12sm2 farTobis mqone
marTkuTxedis sigrZis misive siganeze damoki
debulebis grafiki.
a) dawereT formula, romelic gviCvenebs mocemul
damokidebulebas.
b) ras udris aseTi marTkuTxedis sigane, Tu sigrZe 5
sm-ia, 8 sm-ia.
g) risi toli iqneba sigrZe, Tu sigane: 2 sm-ia;
1,5 sm-ia; 6 sm-ia.
x d) aris Tu ara mocemuli damokidebuleba funqcia?
0 1 6 12
sigane sm.
3* funqcia mocemulia y=2,5(x–1)–1,2(x–2,5) formuliT. aageT misi Sesabamisi

grafiki da grafikis mixedviT ipoveT:
a) y(0), y(-1,5), y(3); b) x, Tu y(x)=3,5; y(x)=2; y(x)=-1,5.
4 ipoveT funqciis gansazRvris are:

4x − 7 2x + 5
a) y = 3, 5x − 1 ; b) y = 2 ; g*) y = ;
2
8x + 1 4x + 12x + 9 (| x | −1)(| x | −3)
3, 7 1, 2
d*) y = 4 ; e*) y = ; v) y = 7, 2x − 1 .
2
x + 6x + 9 (| x | −1)(x 2 + 1) x4 −1
5 ricxviT simravleebs Soris davamyaroT aseTi damokidebuleba:
a) yovel wilads SevusabamoT Tavisive mniSvneli. magaliTad, 2 →6;
6
b) yovel ukvec wilads SevusabamoT Tavisive mniSvneli. aris Tu ara mocemuli
damokidebuleba funqcia? (pasuxi daasabuTeT).
298
6 yovel ricxvs SevusabamoT masze naklebi udidesi mTeli ricxvi. magaliTad,
5,7→5. aris Tu ara mocemuli damokidebuleba funqcia?
7 funqcia mocemulia y=2x+4 formuliT. SeavseT cxrilSi carieli ujrebi:

x 1 5 –2
3 –1,5 7
a) y b) y g) y
0 x 0 x 0 x
d) y e) y v) y
0 x 0 x 0 x
nax. 1
8 1-el naxazze mocemuli wirebidan romelia raime funqciis grafiki?
a) y b) y g) y
0 x 0 x 0 x
d) y e) y v) y
0 x 0 x 0 x
nax. 2
299
V Tavi
9 me-2 naxazze mocemuli grafikebidan romelia wrfivi funqciis grafiki?
10 Semdegi formuliT mocemuli funqciebidan romelia wrfivi:

5x–1
a) y = ; b) y=x(3x+1); g) y=5x(x-1)-5x2+7;
9
5x2–7x
d) y=(x-1)2-(x+3)2; e) y=(2|x|-1)+x; v) y = x .
11 daadgineT, ekuTvnis Tu ara A(1;2) ; B(30;-35) ; C(-2;-13) da D(-75;90) wertilebi

y=3,5(2x-1)-2(x-0,25) formuliT mocemuli funqciis grafiks.
12* ipoveT k, Tu y=kx-2,5 gantolebis grafiki paraleluria y=-2x gantolebis

grafikisa. aageT miRebuli gantolebis grafiki da ipoveT sakoordinato
RerZebidan CamokveTili monakveTebis sigrZeebi.
13* dawereT wrfivi orucnobiani gantoleba, romlis grafiki gadis A(-2;5)

wertilze da paraleluria y=3x–1 gantolebis grafikisa.
14* mdebareobs Tu ara erT wrfeze A(2;3); B(1;5); C(7;9) wertilebi?
15 dawereT funqcia, romelic tolferda samkuTxedis:

a) fuZesTan mdebare kuTxes uTanadebs fuZis mopirdapire kuTxis gare
kuTxes;
b) fuZis mopirdapire kuTxis gare kuTxes uTanadebs fuZesTan mdebare
kuTxes.
16* Caatares dakvirveba, ramden rZes iwvelida kviraSi saSualod erTi Zroxa.
gamoirkva, rom 3 wlis saqoneli kviraSi iZleva 58 l, xolo 7 wlisa ki _ 65 l
rZes. 3-dan 8 wlamde saqonlisTvis funqcia: wlovaneba → rZis raodenoba,
SeiZleba CaiTvalos wrfiv funqciad.
a) aageT f funqciis grafiki.
b) ramden litr rZes mogvcems 5 wlis Zroxa?
g) ra asakis Zroxa iwvelis kviraSi 60 l rZes?
17* grafikis gareSe daadgineT, ikveTeba Tu ara y= –1,3x–0,7, y=3x–5 da y=0,5x–2,5

funqciaTa grafikebi erT wertilSi.
y
18 naxazze mocemulia y=f(x) funqciis grafiki.
ipoveT:
a) gansazRvris are;
b) mniSvnelobaTa simravle; g) f(x)=0 gantolebis
fesvebi;
0 d) Sualedebi, sadac f(x) Rebulobs dadebiT,
x
uaryofiT mniSvnelobebs;
e) f(x)-is umciresi, udidesi mniSvneloba.
300
y
f
19 naxazze mocemulia f(x) = –x+3 da y=g(x) wrfeebi.
dawereT g wrfis gantoleba.
–2
0 x y
g
1
20 naxazis mixedviT dawereT f wrfis gantoleba, Tu f
0 2 x
da g wrfeebi paraleluria.
f –3
y g
(–2;3)
f 21 naxazis mixedviT dawereT f wrfis gantoleba.
0 4 x
2x2 – 4x
22* aageT y = x – 2 funqciis grafiki: a) grafikis saSualebiT ipoveT y(–1);
y(3); y(–2,5).
b) x-is ra mniSvnelobebisTvis Rebulobs funqcia: a) dadebiT; b) uaryofiT
mniSvnelobebs? g) ra mniSvnelobebs Rebulobs funqcia, roca 3≤x≤5?
d) wiTlad gaaferadeT grafikis is nawili, romlisTvisac sruldeba pi-
roba: x>1.
23* aageT y=(2x–3)2–4(x–1)2–3 funqciis grafiki.

grafikis saSualebiT ipoveT: a) x-is is mniSvnelobebi, romlebisTvisac
–1<y<3; b) y-is is mniSvnelobebi, romlebisTvisac –5<x<–1;
g) wiTlad gaaferadeT grafikis is nawili, romlisTvisac sruldeba pi-

roba x≤3.
24* a-s ra mniSvnelobisaTvis ekuTvnis a) A(a;-2), b) B(2a-1;1,5) wertili y=3x

funqciis grafiks?
25* ipoveT k, Tu y=kx–2,5 funqciis grafiki paraleluria y=–2x funqciis

grafikisa. aageT miRebuli funqciis grafiki da ipoveT sakoordinato
RerZebidan CamokveTili monakveT-ebis sigrZe.
26* dawereT formula wrfivi funqciisa, Tu cnobilia, rom misi grafiki para-
leluria y= –x+7 wrfisa da gadis y= –0,5x+1 da y=2x–6,5 funqciaTa grafikebis
gadakveTis wertilze. aageT miRebuli funqciis grafiki da ipoveT mis mier
koordinatTa RerZebidan CamokveTili monakveTebis sigrZe.
301
V Tavi
27* grafikulad daadgineT a-s ra mniSvnelobebisTvis eqneba gantolebas
1) erTaderTi amonaxseni; 2) arcerTi amonaxseni; 3) uamravi amonaxseni:
a) ax = x+2; b) (a–1)x = 5x; g) (a+1)x = 5.
28 mocemuli gantolebebidan romelia wrfivi orucnobiani gantoleba:

a) 5x – 7y + 8 = 0; b) ax – 8 + 9y = 0; g) x2 – ay = 0; d) xy – 2x = 0.
2x + 5y
29 a) = 8 da b) 8x2 – 5xy = 1 gantolebebidan y cvladi gamosaxeT x-is sa-
7
SualebiT.
30 ipoveT a-s mniSvneloba, Tu cnobilia, rom wyvili a) (3;–3); b) (5;–7) aris

(a–1)x+y=2a–1 gantolebis amonaxseni.
31 saaxalwlod maro bebom bazarSi gasayidad qaTmebi da indaurebi waiyvana.

TiTo qaTami 6 larad, xolo TiTo indauri 18 larad gayida. ramdeni qa-
Tami da ramdeni indauri gauyidia maro bebos, Tu sul 54 lari aiRo?
32 ipoveT naturalur ricxvTa yvela wyvili, romelic akmayofilebs Semdeg

gantolebebs:
a) xy=24; b) 2x+3y=30; g) x+y=10; d) (x–1)y=20.
33 ipoveT a) 3x – 5,7y = 4; b) 5x – xy + 2y = 7 gantolebis grafikis x da y RerZeb

Tan gadakveTis wertilebis koordinatebi.
34 8x – 3,5y = 9 gantolebis grafiki gadis a) A(2;*), b) B(*;2) wertilze. varskv-

lavis nacvlad CasviT saTanado ricxvebi.
35 romel sakoordinato meoTxedebSi gadis gantolebaTa grafikebi:

a) 5x – 7y = 9; b) 4x + 9y = –4; g) 3y = 2x – 4,5.
36* daamtkiceT, rom 4x–6y=7 gantolebis grafiks ar ekuTvnis arc erTi wer-
tili, romlis koordinatebi mTeli ricxvebia.
37 ipoveT a-s mniSvneloba, Tu ax+(5a–1)y=1 gantolebis grafiki gadis:

a) A(–1; 3); b) B(2;-3) wertilze. a-s Sesabamisi mniSvnelobisaTvis aageT mo-
cemuli gantolebis grafiki.
38 2x–5y=1 da (2a–1)x+y=a wrfeebi ikveTeba A(3;*) wertilSi. varskvlavis nacv-

lad CasviT saWiro ricxvi da ipoveT a-s mniSvneloba.
39* b-s ra mniSvnelobisaTvis ikveTeba bx+2y=5 da x+y=4 wrfeebi x RerZze mde-

bare wertilSi?
40 amoxseniT grafikulad Semdegi sistemebi:

{
a) 7x − 2y = 3 ;
x + 3y = −2 {
b) 5x + y = 1 ;
−8x − y = 3
{
g) 3y + x = −2 ;
y =1 {
d) x + y = 1 .
y−x =3
302
41 sistemis amouxsnelad gaarkvieT, aqvs Tu ara amonaxseni Semdeg sistemas,

da Tu aqvs, ramdeni.
3x − 0, 5y = 1
a)  1
2x − 3 y = 4
; {
b) 5x − 7 y = 1 ;
8x + y = 3
g) {
5x − 3y = 1
x − 0, 6y = 0, 2
; d) {
2x − y = −9
x + 7y = 3
.
42* ipoveT c-s is mniSvneloba, romlisTvisac sistemas 1. amonaxseni ar aqvs;

2. aqvs uamravi amonaxseni; 3. aqvs erTaderTi amonaxseni: (c≠0).
a) {cx + 3y = 17
4x − 10y = 45
; b) {
0, 2x + cy = 11
−x + 20y = −56
; g) {
(c + 7)x − cy = 75
5x − 4y = 5
.
43 SeadgineT iseTi wrfivi gantoleba, rom man 2x–7y=1 gantolebasTan erTad

Seadginos sistema, romelsac: 1) eqneba erTaderTi amonaxseni, 2) uamravi
amonaxseni, 3) ar eqneba amonaxseni.
44 amoxseniT gantolebaTa sistemebi:
a) {
15x + 23y + 3 = 0
12x + 15y + 33 = 0
; b) {
2x + y = 5
y = 3x
; g) {
2x − 3y = 8
7x − 5y = −5
.
d) { 25x − 4y + 1 = 0
31x − 5y + 16 = 0
; e) {
2x = 1 − y
y = x −5
; v) {
5x + 6y = 13
7x + 18 = −1
.
45 ikveTeba Tu ara: a) 5x–4y=1, 3x–21y=13, 7x–5y=1;

b) 11x + 3y = –1, 2x = 3–y, 5x – 4 = –2y wrfeebi erT wertilSi?
46 kveTs Tu ara 2x–5y=1 wrfe I sakoordinato kuTxis biseqtrisas? (pasuxi

daasabuTeT).
47 dawereT wrfivi gantoleba, Tu misi grafiki gadis A(8;1) , B(3;-7) wertile-

bze.
48 arsebobs Tu ara 3x–4y=1 wrfeze wertili, romlis: a) ordinata 4-jer me-

tia abscisaze; b) abscisa da ordinata mopirdapire ricxvebia; g) abscisa
k-jer metia ordinataze?
49 Tu ori naturaluri ricxvidan pirvels 3-s davumatebT, miviRebT meore

ricxvs. Tu meore ricxvs gavzrdiT 2-iT, maSin igi pirvelze 2-jer meti
aRmoCndeba. vipovoT es ricxvebi.
50 da Zmaze 6 wliT ufrosia. erTi wlis Semdeg ki masze 2-jer ufrosi iqneba.
ramdeni wlisaa axla TiToeuli?
51* ipoveT xuTi naturaluri ricxvi, romlebic 4-ze gayofisas naSTSi gvaZ-
leven 3-s da 7-ze gayofisas ki _ 5-s.
52 pijaksa da SarvalSi 160 l gadaixades. mas Semdeg, rac pijakis fasma 20%-
iT, xolo Sarvlis fasma 25%-iT daiklo, maTi Rirebuleba 125 l gaxda. ra
Rirs pijaki da Sarvali?
303
V Tavi
53 Tu ori ricxvidan pirvels 10%-iT gavzrdiT, da meores 10%-iT Sevamci-
rebT, meore 1-iT meti iqneba pirvelze. xolo Tu pirvels 20%-iT gava-
didebT da meores 20%-iT SevamcirebT, miRebuli ricxvebis jami 2-iT na-
klebi aRmoCndeba Tavdapirveli ricxvebis jamze. ipoveT Tavdapirvelad
mocemuli ricxvebi.
54 Tu marTkuTxedis sigrZes 6 metriT gavadidebT, xolo siganes 3 metriT

SevamcirebT, maSin marTkuTxedis farTobi ar Seicvleba. marTkuTxedis
farTobi ar Seicvleba im SemTxvevaSic, Tu mis pirvandel sigrZes Sevamci-
rebT 3 metriT, xolo siganes gavadidebT 2,4 metriT. ipoveT marTkuTxe-
dis sigrZe da sigane.
55 ori sxvadasxva zomis yuTebiT manqanaSi detalebis raRac raodenoba Cat-

virTes. didi yuTi detalebTan erTad iwonis 24 kg-s, patara ki _ 19 kg-s.
ramdeni didi da ramdeni patara yuTi CatvirTes, Tu tvirTis saerTo wo-
naa 709 kg?
56* àsi frinvelis amocana~ Cineli maTematikosis Cang-Ciu-Cienis wignidan,

485 w.
èrTi mamali Rirs 5 sapeki, erTi qaTami 3, da 3 wiwila _ 1 sapeki.
ramdeni dedali, mamali da wiwila SeiZleba iyidon 100 sapekad, ise,
rom maTi saerTo raodenoba iyos 100~?
57 ipoveT gantolebis mTeli amonaxsnebi:

a) 4x2 – y2 = 7; b) x2 – xy – 6y2 = 14; g) 2x + 5y = 8; d) 6x + 2y = 15.
58* amoxseniT gantolebaTa sistemebi:

1 1 1 8
 + =6 x − y = 8
a)  x y ; b)  .
3 5 5 4
 − = −14  − = 51
x y x y
1 1
miTiTeba: ≡a; ≡b.
x y
a) ) b) )
2 2 2 2
x - y = 16 4x - 9y = 24
; ;
x+y = 8 2x + 3y = 6
d) )
^x + 2yh2 = 9 2
x -y = 0
2
g) ) ; .
2x - y = 1 5x + 7y = 12
60 amoxseniT gantolebaTa sistemebi:
a) ) b) )
x + 2y = 2 x - y = 12y - 11
; .
2x - 3 y = 1 y + 1 = 2x
61 dawereT y=g(x) funqcia, romelic miiReba y=f(x) funqciis )

x " x+5
para-
y = y-2
leluri gadataniT, Tu:
a) f(x)=3x–4; b) y=2,5x–1; g) y=1,5x+2.
304
rTuli amocanebi
1 ramdeni wrfe gaivleba wyvil-wyvilad aRebul xuT wertilze, romelTagan
arc erTi sami erT wrfeze ar mdebareobs?
2 ramdeni wrfe gaivleba wyvil-wyvilad aRebul n wertilze, romelTagan arc
erTi sami erT wrfeze ar mdebareobs?
gamoTvaleT, roca: a) n=20; b) n=50.
3 ramdeni xerxiTaa SesaZlebeli SevarCioT 2 bavSvi olimpiadisTvis:
a) 4 bavSvidan; b) 7 bavSvidan.
4 romeliRac Tvis sami xuTSabaTi luw ricxvebs daemTxva. kviris ra dRe iyo
am Tvis 26 ricxvi?
5 safexburTo turnirSi monawileobs 25 gundi. turniri mimdinareobs prin-
cipiT _ yvela xvdeba yvelas erTxel. sul ramdeni TamaSi Sedgeba?
6 giorgim skolis kibeze ipova ucnuri rveuli. masSi ewera asi winadadeba;
àm rveulSi zustad erTi mcdari winadadebaa~,
àm rveulSi zustad ori mcdari winadadebaa~,
àm rveulSi zustad sami mcdari winadadebaa~,
`..........................................................................................~
`..........................................................................................~
àm rveulSi zustad asi mcdari winadadebaa~.
aris Tu ara am winadadebebidan romelime WeSmariti, Tu cnobilia, rom
rveulSi sxva araferi ewera.
7 safexburTo turnirSi monawileobs 25 gundi. SeiZleba Tu ara, rom yvela
gundma iTamaSos:
a) zustad 7 TamaSi; b) zustad 10 TamaSi?
8 fexburTze dadis 18 bavSvi. aqedan cxra ukve SerCeulia gundis ZiriTadi
SemadgenlobisaTvis. (gundis ZiriTad SemadgenlobaSi 11 moTamaSea). ramdeni
xerxiT SeiZleba gundis dakompleqteba?
9 dawereT umciresi xuTniSna uaryofiTi mTeli ricxvi, romelSic cifrebi
ar meordeba.
10 aCveneT, rom Tu ori mTeli ricxvis jami da erT-erTi Sesakrebi iyofa c
ricxvze, maSin meore Sesakrebic gaiyofa c ricxvze. ganixileT:
a) c=4; b) c=7; g) c=13.
11 ratom ar arsebobs ricxvi, romlis 15-ze gayofisas naSTia 6, xolo 24-ze
gayofisas naSTia 4?
12 buratinos gakveTilze ricxvebis Sekreba daavales. magaliTis gadawerisas
man ramdenime Secdoma dauSva: erT-erT SesakrebSi erTeulebis TanrigSi
3-ianis nacvlad 9-iani gadmowera, meore SesakrebSi aseulebis TanrigSi
7-iani CaTvala 1-ianad, xolo mesame SesakrebSi aTaseulebis TanrigSi
6-ianis nacvlad 5-iani Cawera. amis Semdeg man Sekriba es ricxvebi da miiRo
72438. Sekrebisas mas axali Secdoma ar dauSvia. ra pasuxs miiRebda bura-
tino, sworad rom gadmoewera magaliTi?
a) ((2(x+1)+10):5+8)–6=30; b) (((((5x+7):2–1):2+25):3+4)=70.
14 romeliRac Tvis sami xuTSabaTi luw ricxvebs daemTxva, kviris ra dRe iyo
am Tvis 26 ricxvSi?
305
15 giorgis imdenive Zma yavs, ramdenic da, xolo mis das _ mariams, orjer
meti Zma yavs, vidre da. ramdeni da-Zmaa ojaxSi?
16 daamtkiceT, rom:
a) nebismieri ori momdevno mTeli ricxvis namravli iyofa orze;
b) nebismieri sami momdevno mTeli ricxvis namravli iyofa eqvsze.
17 daamtkiceT, rom Tu n samze meti martivi ricxvia, maSin (n–1)(n+1) iyofa 24-ze.
18 ipoveT n2-is 5-ze gayofis SesaZlo naSTebi.
19 wina savarjiSos daxmarebiT daamtkiceT, rom Tu mTeli n ricxvi ar aris
5-is jeradi, maSin (n2–1)(n2+1) namravli iyofa 5-ze.
20 daamtkiceT, rom naturaluri ricxvis kvadratis samze gayofisas SesaZlo
naSTia 0 an 1.
21 daamtkiceT, rom n3+11n iyofa 6-ze nebismieri mTeli n ricxvisTvis.
22 zazam uTxra ninos: `me Cavifiqre ori naturaluri ricxvi, romelTa jami
70-is tolia, maTi kvadratebi ki erTmaneTisagan 144-iT gansxvavdeba, ra
ricxvebi Cavifiqre me?~
dafiqrda ra, ninom upasuxa: àseTi ricxvebi ar arsebobs.~ ratom? rogor
mixvda amas nino?
a (a - 1)
23 daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri mTeli a-sTvis mTeli ricxvia.
2
24 VIIa klasSi 25 moswavlea. daasabuTeT, rom sami bavSvi mainc aris erTsa da
imave TveSi dabadebuli.
25 skolaSi 106 meSvideklaseli da sami meSvide klasia. daamtkiceT, rom erT
meSvide klasSi mainc iqneba 35 bavSvze meti.
26 maTematikis wreze dadis 35 bavSvi. maswavlebelma Seadgina sami gundi.
daasabuTeT, rom erT gundSi mainc aRmoCndeba 12 bavSvze naklebi.
27 klasSi 30 bavSvia. sakontrolo weraSi giorgim dauSva 13 Secdoma,
danarCenebma ki naklebi. daamtkiceT, rom sul cota samma bavSvma dauSva
Tanabari raodenobis Secdoma (Tundac arc erTi).
28 magidis CogburTis SejibrSi monawileobda erTnairi Semadgenlobis
gundebi, sul 145 vaJi da 87 gogona, ramdeni vaJi da ramdeni gogona iyo
TiToeul gundSi?
29 maswavlebelma gaigona minis Camsxvrevis xma da maSinve Sevida saklaso
oTaxSi. iq daxvdnen daTo, merabi, vaxtangi da goCa. goCam Tqva, rom
mina daTom gatexa, daTo amtkicebda, rom damnaSave merabi iyo, merabi
irwmuneboda, rom daTo tyuoda, xolo vaxtangi Tavs imarTlebda, mina me
ar gamitexavso. male gairkva, rom mxolod erTma moswavlem Tqva simarTle.
vin Catexa mina?
30 romeliRac qalaqSi cxovrobs 8 milioni adamiani. TiToeul maTgans Tavze
aqvs araumetes 100 000 Tmis Reri. daamtkiceT, rom am qalaqSi aris 80 adamiani
mainc, romlebsac erTi da imave raodenobis Tmis Reri aqvT.
31 diliT Citebis gundi xesTan mifrinda. TiToeul totze dajda 7 Citi, xolo
ori xis garSemo dafrinavda. saRamos Citebis igive gundi kvlav Camojda
imave xeze; TiToeul totze 8 Citi dajda, amasTan erTi toti Tavisufali
darCa. ramdeni Citia gundSi da ramdeni toti aqvs xes?
306
rTuli amocanebi
32 daamtkiceT, rom nebismierad arCeuli 12 naturaluri ricxvidan yovelTvis

moiZebneba ori, romelTa sxvaoba iyofa 11-ze.
33 sami megobari nino, Tamazi da vaxtangi monawileobdnen maTematikis
respublikur olimpiadaze. miiRes erTi pirveli, erTi meore da erTi mesame
xarisxis diplomi. magram maT amis Sesaxeb araferi icodnen. mogvianebiT
maTze erT-erTma megobarma giorgim ase Tqva: ninom ver miiRo I xarisxis
diplomi, Tamazma ver miiRo meore, xolo vaxtangma ki meore xarisxis
diplomi miiRo. rogor ganawilda diplomebi olimpiadaze, Tu cnobilia,
rom giorgis warmoTqmuli winadadebebidan marTali mxolod erTia.
34 daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri sami naturaluri ricxvidan romelime oris
jami an sxvaoba gaiyofa 3-ze.
35 daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri xuTi naturaluri ricxvidan erT-erTi, an
ramdenimes jami iyofa 5-ze.
36 daamtkiceT, rom 5m2+2=12n2 gantolebas ar SeiZleba hqondes amonaxseni
mTel ricxvebSi.
37 daamtkiceT, rom oTxi momdevno mTeli ricxvis namravli iyofa 24-ze.
38 daamtkiceT, rom yvela aaa saxis samniSna ricxvi iyofa 3-ze da 37-ze.
39 a, b da c martivi ricxvebia. amasTan ori maTganis kubebis sxvaoba mesamis
tolia. ipoveT es ricxvebi.
40 daamtkiceT, rom (834 – 443) 10.
41 ramdeni samniSna ricxvi SeiZleba SevadginoT Semdegi cifrebiT: 3; 4; 7; 2
(ricxvebSi erTnairi cifrebi ar unda ganmeordes).
42 oTaxSi 12 kacia, romelTagan zogierTi yovelTvis tyuis, danarCenebi ki
yovelTvis simarTles amboben. erTma maTganma Tqva: àq arc erTi marTali
adamiani ar aris~, meorem: àq ar aris erTze meti marTali adamiani~. mesame
ambobs: àq ar aris orze meti marTali adamiani~ da a.S. me-12-m Tqva: àq ar
aris TerTmetze meti marTali adamiani~ ramdeni marTali adamiania oTaxSi?
43 klasSi 30 moswavlea. maTgan zogierTi megobrobs. daamtkiceT, rom or
moswavles mainc megobarTa erTi da igive raodenoba hyavs.
44 daamtkiceT, rom samniSna ricxvisa da igive cifrebiT, oRond Sebrunebuli
rigiT Cawerili ricxvis sxvaoba ar SeiZleba iyos romelime naturaluri
ricxvis kvadrati.
45 daamtkiceT, rom 3x – y = –5, –x + 10y = 21, 11x+21y=31 gantolebaTa grafiki
p(–1; 2) wertilze gadis.
46 gantolebaTa sistemis amonaxsenia wyvili (x0;y0), a-s ra mniSvnelobisaTvis
iqneba x0 > 0 da y0 > 0.
47 daamtkiceT, rom nebismieri eqvsniSna ricxvi romlis bolo sami cifri
emTxveva pirvel sam cifrs (Cawerili imave mimdevrobiT) iyofa 7-ze, 11-sa
da 13-ze.
48 qarxanaSi muSaoben xaratiSvili, zeinkliSvili, durgliSvili da
mWedliSvili. TiToeuli maTgani flobs erT-erTs Semdegi oTxi
profesiidan: xarati, zeinkali, durgali da mWedeli. magram arc erTis
307
profesia ar Seesabameba Tavis gvars. SekiTxvaze, ra profesiis arian isini,
muSebma upasuxes:
xaratiSvili _ durgalia,
zeinkliSvili _ xarati,
mWedliSvili _ durgali araa,
durgliSvili _ mWedeli araa,
Semdeg gairkva, rom am oTxi winadadebidan mxolod erTia marTali. ra
gvaria zeinkali?
49 daamtkiceT, rom x5y = xy5 + 2003 gantolebas ara aqvs amonaxseni mTel
ricxvebSi.
50 daSaleT mamravlebad: a4+a2+1.
51 axali xididan baraTaSvilis xidamde manZils, navi mtkvarze 1,5 saaTSi gadis,
xolo ukan brundeba 2,5 saaTSi. ra dro dasWirdeba am gzis gasavlelad tivs?
52 mSenebeli yovel diliT 8 sT-ze Camodioda matarebliT sadgurze. zustad 8
saaTze iqve modioda manqana da mihyavda igi mSeneblobaze. erTxel mSenebeli
Camovida dilis 7 saaTze da fexiT gaemarTa mSeneblobisken. Sexvda ra gzaSi
manqana, Cajda masSi da mSeneblobaze gamocxadda Cveulebrivze 20 wuTiT
adre. ra dros uCvenebda saaTi mSeneblis manqanasTan Sexvedris momentSi?
53 ipoveT sami martivi ricxvi, romelTa jami xuTjer naklebia maTsave
namravlze.
54 naturaluri ricxvebi, dawyebuli 1-dan, Camoweres erTmaneTis miyolebiT
Sualedebis gareSe: 123456789101112.... romeli cifri aRmoCndeba 1997-e
adgilze?
55 erTmaneTs Sexvda sami megobari _ maTematikosi wiTlanaZe, fizikosi
WrelaSvili da musikosi TeTraZe, `sainteresoa, rom erT-erT Cvengans
ukeTia wiTeli, meores TeTri, xolo mesames Wreli halstuxi da arc
erTi CvenTaganis gvari misi halstuxis ferze ar migvaniSnebs~ _ SeniSna
TeTrhalstuxianma. `marTali xar~ _ daeTanxma mas wiTlanaZe. ra feris
halstuxi ukeTia fizikoss?
56 arsebobs Tu ara iseTi wigni, romlis gverdebis dasanomrad saWiro iqneba
zustad 2023 cifri?
57 ori ricxvis umciresi saerTo jeradi 240-is tolia, xolo maTi udidesi
saerTo gamyofi udris 8-s. ipoveT es ricxvebi, Tu cnobilia, rom am
ricxvebidan mxolod umciresi Seicavs mamravlad 5-s.
58 dafaze mimdevrobiT ewera garkveuli wesiT SerCeuli aTi ricxvi. viRacam
me-9 ricxvi waSala. ai, ra darCa: 2, 3, 5, 9, 17, 33, 65, 129, ..., 513. ra ricxvi
waSales?
59 oTxi ricxvis jami 64-is tolia. pirveli ricxvi ise Seefardeba meores,
rogorc 5:6, meore mesames rogorc 2:3, mesame meoTxes, rogorc 3:4. ipoveT
es ricxvebi.
60 x-isa da y-is romeli naturaluri mniSvnelobisaTvis aris samarTliani
toloba 3x + 7y = 23 ?
61 iraklim kiTxvaze, Tu ra nomer saxlSia misi bina, upasuxa: `Cemi saxlis
nomris cifrebisagan SeiZleba 6 gansxvavebuli orniSna ricxvis Sedgena.
308
rTuli amocanebi
am ricxvebis jamis naxevari Cemi saxlis nomris tolia~. ra nomer saxlSi

cxovrobs irakli?
62 10 yuTSi aris monetebi, aqedan 9 yuTSi namdvili monetebia, romelTagan
TiToeuli iwonis 10 grams, xolo meaTeSi _ yalbi monetebi, romelTagan
TiToeuli iwonis 11 grams. gvaqvs saswori, romelic sagnebis 1 g sizustiT
awonvis saSualebas iZleva. rogor davadginoT erTi awonviT, romel yuTSia
yalbi monetebi?
63 qaRaldis 5 furclidan ramdenime daxies, TiToeuli 5 nawilad. miRebuli
qaRaldebidan kidev ramdenime daxies 5-5 nawilad da a. S. SeiZleba Tu ara
ramdenime aseTi operaciis Semdeg miRebuli qaRaldebis saerTo raodenoba
gaxdes 1996?
64 daamtkiceT, rom kacobriobis istoriaSi mcxovrebi yvela im adamianebis
ricxvi, romlebsac kentjer aqvT xeli CamorTmeuli sxvisTvis, aris luwi.
65 wignidan amovarda misi raRac nawili. amovardnili nawilis pirveli gverdis
nomeria 387, xolo bolo gverdis nomeri ki igive cifrebisagan Sedgeba.
ramdeni gverdi amovarda sul wignidan?
66 mebaRem dakrifa 45 TeTri, 90 wiTeli da 120 Cais vardi. am yvavilebidan man
unda Sekras erTnairi Sedgenilobis Taigulebi SesaZlo meti raodenobiT
(e. i. yovel TaigulSi unda iyos erTi da igive raodenobis TeTri vardi,
erTi da igive raodenobis wiTeli vardi da erTi da igive raodenobis
Cais vardi). ramdeni aseTi Taigulis Sedgena SeuZlia mebaRes ise, rom
gamouyenebeli yvavilebi ar morCes?
67 erTi kolofi feradi fanqrebis sayidlad maikos daaklda 7 TeTri, xolo
ekas _ 2 TeTri. maT gadawyvites saziaroT eyidaT fanqrebi magram aRmoCnda,
rom arc maSin eyoT fuli. ra Rirda erTi kolofi feradi fanqrebi?
68 erT-erT qveyanaSi mosaxleobis 85%-ma icis franguli ena, 70%-ma _
inglisuri, xolo 50%-ma _ germanuli. ipoveT mosaxleobis umciresi
procenti, romelmac icis samive ena.
69 10 m simarRlis boZze dacocavs lokokina. igi dRisiT 5 m-ze acocdeba, xolo
RamiT Camococdeba 4 m-ze. ramdeni dRe dasWirdeba mas, rom boZis wveros
miaRwios?
70 ramdeni nuliT mTavrdeba 1-dan 25-mde CaTvliT yvela naturaluri ricxvis
namravli?
71 romeli ricxvia meti: 3500 Tu 5300 ?
72 kolofSi 10 wiTeli, 8 lurji, 8 mwvane da 4 yviTeli fanqaria. sul cota
ramdeni fanqari unda amoiRo kolofidan TvaldaxuWulma, rom maT Soris
aucileblad moiZebnos:
a) 4 erTnairi feris fanqari;
b) yvela feris TiTo fanqari;
g) 6 mwvane fanqari.
73 ipoveT naturalur ricxvTa yvela wyvili, romlebic akmayofileben
gantolebas x 2 - y 2 = 69 .
2 2
74 amoxseniT gantoleba ( x - 2 y) + (1 - x + y) = 0 .
309
75 SeiZleba Tu ara TefSebian sasworze mxolod erTi erTkilogramiani
sawonis gamoyenebiT 4 awonviT 13 kg fqvilis awonva?
76 sulxan-saba orbelianis Txzulebidan `sibrZne-sicruisa~.
rogor unda gaiyos samma Zmam 30 Txa da 60 cikani, Tu 10 Txas TiTo cikani
hyavs, 10-s or-ori, da kidev 10-s sam-sami ise, rom TiToeul Zmas Tanabrad
Sexvdes, amave dros arc erTi cikani dedas ar moacilon.
18* safexburTo turnirSi monawileobs 25 gundi. turniri mimdinareobs
principiT _ yvela xvdeba yvelas erTxel. sul ramdeni TamaSi Sedgeba?
19* giorgim skolis kibeze ipova ucnuri rveuli. masSi ewera asi winadadeba;
àm rveulSi zustad erTi mcdari winadadebaa~,
àm rveulSi zustad ori mcdari winadadebaa~,
àm rveulSi zustad sami mcdari winadadebaa~,
`..........................................................................................~
`..........................................................................................~
àm rveulSi zustad asi mcdari winadadebaa~.
aris Tu ara am winadadebebidan romelime WeSmariti, Tu cnobilia, rom
rveulSi sxva araferi ewera.
5 $ 6 $ 7 $ 8 $$$$$ 29 $ 30
20* mocemulia wiladi 3 $ 3 $$$$$ 3 $ 3 , sadac mricxvelSi gadamravlebulia
5-dan 30-is CaTvliT yvela naturaluri ricxvi, xolo mniSvnelSi n cali
3-iani. n-is ra udidesi mniSvnelobisTvis iqneba mocemuli wiladis mniSvn-
eloba naturaluri ricxvi?
38 legendis mixedviT, erT didi xnis daviwyebul qveyanaSi iyo taZari,
sadac idga sami kerpis qandakeba _ simarTlis, sicruis da diplomatiis.
qandakebebi garegnulad erTnairebi iyvnen, erT mwkrivSi idgnen da
adamianebs kiTxvebze pasuxobdnen, oRond aravin icoda, romeli qandakeba
romeli kerpis iyo. simarTlis kerpi yovelTvis marTals ambobda, sicruis
_ yovelTvis ityueboda, xolo diplomatiis _ xan cruobda, xan simarTles
ambobda.
erTxel, erTi axalgazrda glexi Sevida taZarSi da hkiTxa yvelaze marjvniv
mdgom qandakebas: `romeli kerpia Sens gverdiT?~. qandakebam upasuxa:
`simarTlis~. axla yvelaze marcxniv mdgom qandakebas hkiTxa glexma igive.
`sicruis kerpi~ _ upasuxa qandakebam. `Sen vin xar?~ _ hkiTxa glexma Sua
qandakebas. `diplomatiis kerpi~ _ iyo pasuxi. `yvelaferi gasagebia~, _
Tqva glexma, gareT gamovida da yvelas acnoba, romeli qandakeba romeli
kerpis iyo.
rogor mixvda glexi amas?
310
pasuxeb i
I Tavi.
7n - 2
1.2. 2. a) 14 ; b) 9; g) 24; d) 4 12 . 4. a) 5n; b) 7+n; g) 2n+3; d) 3n
. 5. 12
p
+ 6.
9. a) 3600a; b) 1440x; g) 50
3
x ; d) 3,6a. 15. a) (1·2+3)·4·5; b) 111–11; g) (5+5+5+5)·5;
d) 123+45–67+8–9.
1.3. 9. ara. 10. a) 2+2+2; b) 2·2· 2; g) 2+2:2; d) 2–2:2; e) (2–2)·2; v) 22:2; z) 22–2.
2. 9. a) a<b; b) a>b. 10. ara. 12. oTxi. 13. 38 . 15. a) 4; b) 3. 16. 5k+1.
3. 5. 640 000 sm2. 6. a) 125 sm3; 150 sm2; b) 6a2; a3. 7. a) gaizrdeba 27-jer; gaizrdeba
9-jer; b) Semcirdeba 8-jer; Semcirdeba 4-jer. 9. 16. 14. 15m. 15. 30. 16. 2048 lari.
21. 74032. 22. kvira. 23. 43 . 24. 20; 12. 25. 2.
4. 1. a) 2340; 2345; b) 3872; 3876; g) 2511; 2541; 2571; d) 4509; 4599; e) 3780; v) 2124; 5124;
8124. 2. 3-ze. 3. ara. 4. 28. 5. 97315. 7. a) 135; b) 720. 8. a) ki; b) ara. 9. A. 10. A. 11. C.
12. C. 13. C. 14. B. 15. 6 000 l. 16. 23; 34; 45; 56; 67; 78; 89.
5. 2. 45. 10. a) 93780; 53784; 13788; b) 4725; g) 28950; 28956; d) 5670; 5688; 5616; 5634;
5652. 12. 3. 14. 42840; 42444; 42048; 42948. 15. 7. 16. 12; 24; 36; 48; 19. b. 23. g. 24. 10.
25. b. 26. a) kvira; b) 53; g) 52. 25. a) orSabaTi; b) samSabaTi; g) paraskevi. 28. ara.
30. 3. 31. kvira. 32. 12 . 33. 3:2. 34. 67,5.
6. 2. a) m; b) W; g) W; d) W; e) m: v) W. 3. {27; 52; 77}. 6. a) W; b) m: g) m: d) W. 8. oTx. 9. 101.
10. a) 9; b) 3; 12. ara. 13. 84.
7. 2. a) ∅; b) nebismieri erTelementiani simravle; g) ara. 11. a) luwi; b) luwi;
g) kenti; d) kenti. 12. 90. 13. 1. 14. 194. 16. 100.
8. 7. a) {2}; b) {1;2;3;4;6;8}. 8. a) 0; b) 33. 9. 24. 10. ori. 12. ara. 13. g. 14. mecxre.
16. 1007. 17. ki. 18. a) <; b) >.
9. 1. a) 4; b) 4; g) 6; d) 2; e) 2; v) 2. 3. a) 15; 0; b) 25; 10. 10. 99-23-56. 11. a) 160 m; b) 120 m;
g) 100 m; d) 100 m; e) 220 m.
I Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi: 3. a) W, b) mc, g) mc, d) W. 4. a) 1-sa da 2-s So-
ris. 5. 204. 6. 67. 11. a) W; b) mc; g) W; d) W. 16. b) 20. 18. a) 512; b) 207; g) 4150512; d) 10;
e) 17,98. 20. a) 5 da 15; b) 7,5 da 22,5. 21. 37; 74; 121. 24. a) 0; b) 6; g) 0; d) 9. 25. 353. 26. 961.
30. a) 7n+1; b) 5n+3; g) 3n+2; d) 10n+8; e) 5n; v) 6n. 31. 290. 32. 80. 36. a) 3; b) 2; g) 20; d) 1;
e) 1. 49. a) 52; b) 946. 50. a) 2; b) 6; g) 1 an –1; d) 2 an –2. 51. a) 3,5; b) 8; g) 6; d) 4. 56. a)
401; b) 110. 57. 5. 59. 0. 65. b) 625. 84. 97. 88. 22 an 7. 89. 7. 92. a) ki; b) ara. 94. ara. 96.
ara. 98. a) 24; b) 30.
II Tavi.
1. 7. 69; 8. 400 km; 9. a) ki; b) ara; g) ki. 10. 40°. 12. kentebi 49-iT. 14. orSabaTi.
2. 18. 2 sT. 19. 75°; 105°. 20. 35. 10. 40°;
3. 4. 17. 8. a; d. 9. 8,75. 10. a) 29; b) 34.
311
1 ; g) 79 ; T) 1 ; i) 1 . 3. a) 8; g) 5 . 7. a) 600 kg. 8. a) 40 t;
4. 1. a) 3%; d) 28%; e)90%. 2. a) 50 100 2 5 4
b) 6,8 t; g) 60 t; d) 16 t. 9. a) 25%; b) 12,5%; g) 37,5%; d) 37,5%. 10. a) 46%; b) 28%; g) 32 %.
12. 120 km; 16. 5%; 17. 5 km. 21. a) 150; d) 55. 23. 25. 24. 60 l. 26. 60°. 27. 140 km. 29. 100°. 30.
2000 lari. 31. 1 lari. 32. a) 375 kg; b) 160 kg. 33. a) 25; b) 20. 35. 37,5%; 62,5%. 36. 15%;
85%. 38. a) 50%; b) 25%; g) 40%; d) ≈33%; e) ≈33%; v) 37,5%. 39. 25%. 41. 20%. 42. 97,75.
44. 1 . 45. 17. 46. 180. 47. g.
3
5. 2. a) 20; b) 25. 4. 25. 5. 75,9 l. 7. 20. 8. 97,75. 9. 25. 11. 200. 14. 4.
6. 6. 160 km. 7. 5. 8. 400 g. 17. 364 l; 208 l. 20. 0,6 kg; 0,8 kg; 2,6 kg. 8. 6 sm; 9 sm. 9.
96,875 g. 11. 20 sm; 15 sm. 26. a) 125; b) 216; 135. 27. a) 42 l; b) 495 l; 110 l. 18. 45°; 75°;
60°. 21. 1:7. 24. 1520 l; 640 l; 480 l; 400 l. 43. 20%. 45. 50 t. 47. x=1; y=3 an x=2; y=1.
7. 1. a) ki; b) ara; g) ara; d) ki. 2. 8; 6; 4. 4. 12 km/sT. 5. 56; 64. 6. 700; 120. 7. 1420 gr.
8. 5 dRe. 9. 4,8. 12. 360l; 400l; 480l. 14. a) 7; b) 1; g) 4. 15. a) 5,5; 7; 7; 8.
Tema: 1. 2l, 4l. 2. 80%. 3. 24. 4. 12%. 5. 10
3
l. 6. 4,5%. 7. 4kg; 8kg. 8. 67 kg; 15
7
kg. 9. 4l.
10. 0,25 l - glicerini; 1,75 l - wyali. 11. 2-jer. 12. 99 l.
II Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi: 2. ≈100%; 3. a) 11; 11; 10,3 da 9; 4. 205 kg;
5. a) 20%; b) 29%; g) 50%. 7. tolia; 8. Semcirda. 9. Semcirda. 11. a) mtversasruti;
b) 15; g) ≈10,5; d) 45 da 47,5; 12. 600 l; 17. 100%-iT; 19. a) 36 sm; b) 18 sm; g) 6 sm.
20. 5kg. 21. 100 kg. 22. 12; 16; 20. 23. 4410 da 10290; 24. a) 108 da 36; b) 54 da 4; 25. a) 30;
b) 55; g) 21; d) 7. 28. a) 120 dRe; a) 16 dRe; g) 180 dRe. 30. 22,5 sT. 32. a) 43; b) 17,2%.
33. a) 150 l; b) 187,5 l. 37. 280. 40. 15. 41. 50%. 42. 20;40. 45. 40000l. 51. 72. 52. 20.
r-q
54. . 55. 9:35. 56. 7 kg; 21 kg. 57. 9 kg. 62. 11.
p-r
III Tavi.
1. 1. a) 10 sm-iT maRla, b) 10 sm-iT dabla. 8. –1°; 9. 2°. 10. A an B. 22. a) II miliT;
b) 75%; 80%. 23. 30%. 24. a) 13; 14; 15; 16; 17. g) ar arsebobs. 27. 6. 28. 51318>12723. 29. ara.
2. 11. a) mc.; b) W.; g) mc.; d) W. 12. g). 14. 6,14 lari. 15. 120. 16. 896 l. 18. 300. 19. 99-e.
20. 12.
3. 1. a) meore an merve; b) mexuTe. 4. a) 21,9; b) 10,3; g) 4,36; d) –7; e) 4. 9. a) ±1; b) ±12; g) 0;
d) ∅. 13 a)mc; b)W; g)W; d)W; e)W. 14. a) x=8 da x = 2; b) x=2 da x = –8. 16. a)5, –5; b)8,5, –8,5;
g) 0; d) ∅. 26. 18. 27. 250.
4. 8. 1 qula. 9. a) W; b) W; g) mcd.; d) mcd. 37. 13. 38. meore.
5. 2. a)16; b)-32; g) -27; d)625; e)64; 5. a) 625; b) –216; g) –0,027; d) 0,000064. 9. a) –6°;
b) –10°. 10. B(_17). 17. a) 25%; b) 33%. 18. 6. 19. 15. 20. kata.
6. 5. a)–6; b) 7,8; g) 0. 6. a) 2a; b) 2a–7; g) 0. 9. ara, 11. 8 sT.
312
7. 8. 8. 9. 5. 13. a) –5; b) –4,4; g) 2,5; d) ∅. 15. a)±1; b) 0; g) ∅; d) 5; e) 9 da 5; v) ∅. 22. a) ±3;
b) ±4; g) 1; d) ∅. 23. a) 2;- 32 ; b) –4; 22
3
g) - 32 ;- 72 ; d) - 74 ; 94 . 24. a) 3; b) ∅; g) ∅; d) –4.
27. 80. 28. 50. 29. 26.
24 6 5
8. 4. a) - 11 ; d) - 16 . 6. a) 13
35
. 10. a) 2a 3 4 ; b) 12 - 2k ;
+
; g) - 13 . 5. a) 3; b) 12; g) 2
2c - 0, 7
; Tu c=0, x∈∅; b) Tu c≠–5, x = 7c+ 1 ; Tu c=–5, x∈∅;
-
g) –3,75a. 11. a) Tu c≠0, x = c c 5
g) Tu a≠ 52 , x = 1 -2a ; Tu a= 52 , x∈∅; d) Tu a≠- 32 , x=2a+3; Tu a= 32 , x∈R; e) Tu a≠- 15 ,
-
2a 5
x=1; Tu a=- 15 , x∈R; v) Tu m≠3, x = 3m- 5 ; Tu m=3, x∈∅; z) Tu k≠0,5, x = - 5k
+
; Tu
m 3 3k 1, 5
b +1 4 d -1
k=0,5, x∈∅. 13. a) Tu b≠0, x = b ; Tu b=0, x∈∅; b) Tu d≠0, x = d ; Tu d=0, x∈∅;
1
g) Tu a≠2, x = - ; Tu a=2, x∈∅. 12. a) m ≠ ±2; b) m = –2; g) m = 2.
2 a
9. 1. a) 6; b) 9; g) 10. 4. 25 da 50; 5. 5 sm, 10 sm da 10 sm. 7. 30° da 150°. 8. 18 sm; 7 sm.
12. 26; 28; 30. 13. 10; 40. 14. 60km/sT. 16. 200 kg. 17. 1411; 1089. 18. ar SeiZleba.
19. 200; 100; 600. 20. 4 dRe. 21. 4. 22. 4. 23. 75°, 37,5° da 67,5°; 24. -2,1; 25. 420 km;
26. 100 m/w. 27. ar SeiZleba. 28. 4. 29. 312,5 kg; 12,5 kg; 25 kg. 30. 7 sm; 10 sm. 31. 20 kg.
33. 4; 8; 24; 96. 34. 400 g; 80 g; 75 g. 35. 20 km/sT. 36. 50 km/sT. 38. –65; –39. 39. 271.
40. 1000. 41. 20°; 40°; 120°. 44. a) 18; b) 30; g) 60. 45. fexburTi _ 15, kalaTburTi _
20 da xelburTi _ 25. 48. vaxtangi.
III Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi: 7. 2. 8. –16 an 6; 9. a) –21,1; b) 5; g) –1; d) 1,5.
10. a) ±7; b) ∅; g) 1; d) 5 an 1; e) 4 an 3; v) 0 an 4. 13. a) 5 da –2; b) –7 da 3. 14. a) 5; b) 3;
g) –2. 16. 2; 3; 4; 5; 7; 13. 20. 85. 21. 5. 22. 20°; 100°. 24. 500. 25. 24 l. 26. 6sm. 27. 10 sm.
28. 5 sm. 29. 20 sm; 15 sm; 14 sm. 30. 2,5 lari. 31. 22°. 36. 12 km/sT. 37. 30. 38. 5 km; 12 km.
39. 11,5; 9. 40. 12. 41. a) a=–2; b) a≠–2; a≠ 1 ; g) a= 1 . 42. a) 0; b) 2 .
3 3 5
IV Tavi.
1. 8. a) 16, b) 5, g) 4, d) 27
, e) 1 . 15. a) 14; b) 7. 19. a) 3; b) 1; g) 3; d) 5. 20. a) 2·720.
125 7
24. a) mcd; b) mcd; g) mcd; d) W. 28. 60 km/sT. 29. 38%-iT.
1 5 7
2. 2. a) 3; b) 9; g) 12; d) 8; e) 2; v) 4. 3. a) 108a4b3; b) 0,3m3n4; g) 9
xy; z) –108a11·b13.
4. a) (9a2)2; b) ( 5 a2x2z4); g) (0,3y6)2. 7. miTiTeba: a) 381=34·20+1; b) 738=74·9+2; g) 3.
6
3. 6. a) 3; b) 1,23; g) 1 23 ; d) –2; e) – 32 . 8. a) 4,4; b) 225
3
; g) –22,5. 13. 5 . 14. p(x)=x3+2x.
48
15. a) 2x+1; b) 8x–31.
4. 5. a) 4–x; b) a; g) –6x–32y; d) –4ab. 6. a) 0; b) –3x2–4y2. 7. a) 3a2b; 14. a) 216; b) 1; g) 100; d) –1.
5. 11. a) –1; b) –2,5; g) 2; d) 8. 13. a) 3; b) 1; g) 2; d) 45 .
1
7. 7. 65. 8. a) 60; b) 12 da 5. 23. a) –1; b) –1. 25. a) –20; b) 74 ; g) – 32 ; d) – 12 . 27. a) –9; b) 25.
28. 98. 29. x=1; y=–1; 1. 30. a) ∅; b) x= 2 ; y= – 3 .
3 2
5
8. 12. a) 0; ; b) – 1 ; g) 3 ; – 3 ; d) –5; 3; e) 0; –3; 3; v) 2; –5. 18. a) 1; –2; b) 4; 3; g) 1; –1;3;
2 2 2 2
313
d) 2; –2; –1; e) 0; 2; v) 0; –4; z) –6; 2; T) 5; –1; i) 0; 4; –2. 22. 20. 23. 30. 25. 600 m3.
IV Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi. 24. a) 1 ; b) 3; g) 2; d) 3. 28. 79; 638. 32. 6; 18; 30.
34. 1,2; 4,2; 9,2; 5,4. 45. a) 3; b) 0. 46. a) 1,8; b) 1 ; e) 1; v) –2. 49. a) 0; 2; b) 0; –1; g) 0; –2;
48
d) 0; 5.
V Tavi.
1. 8. a) 3; b) 2; g) 9; d) 0. 14. a) C(–2); b) C(–3). 15. a) 12 ; b) 1.
2. 5. a) P(–4;1); b) 35; g) (–0,5;–4) da (0,5;1). 8. a) M(–1;–1); K(4;3); b) (–4;0); (0;0); (6;0); g) (2;2);
d) (–4,7;1,5); (1,5; 1,5); (5,5; 1,5); (–5;2); (2;2); (5,2;2). 17. 875000.
3. 7. f(0)=7; f(2)=3; f(–2)=3; f(5)=–18; f(–5)=–18. 10. a) 30%; b) 70%; g) 0,1. 11. a) 30300l;
b) 5000l. g) 2525l; d) 3000l.
4. 1. a) R; b) x≠2; d) x≠±1,5. 6. y=10–0,8x. 8. y=500–60x. 11. 35. 13. 10 dRe.
5. 1. a); b); d); v). 8. a) g; b) p; g) f; d) φ. 10. –11; –10;...–4. 12. a) 1–64b6; b) a2–1; 6a–9. g) 1 -
a
b
.
7. I. 7. a) –50. b) 9. d) 1. 8. 30; 60; 90. II. 8. ara. 11. a) k≠0. b=7; b) k≠3; b=0. 13. b) da d).
15. a) (11; 37); b) (–11; –12,5): g) (3;5); d) (–4;–13). 16. y=3x+7. 18. a=–2; AK=13. 20. k=6.
29. a) 3; b) 11; g) –14; d) 5. 33. y=|x|+2. 35. 24.
8. 2. a) y=- 53 x +3. 3. x=–3. 4. a) erTi; b) ori; g) arc erTi. 9. a) 8,5 km/sT; b) 2sT.
10. 150. 12. levani — 50; kaxa — 4,30; daTo — 7,20.
9. 6. 3. 7. 12 . 13. x=y=6. 16. 2520. 18. a) 5n–3; b) 8n–2.
10. 1. a) (2;8); (5;5); b) (9;8); g) (3;5); d) (4;1).
314
wignSi gamoyenebuli maTematikuri niSnebis cxrili
|a| – a ricxvis moduli ≥ , ≤ – aramkacri utolobis niSnebi

– iyofa unaSTod an – a ricxvis n xarisxi
– ar iyofa unaSTod ab – orniSna ricxvi (a aTeuliT,
N – naturalur ricxvTa simravle b erTeuliT)
Z – mTel ricxvTa simravle A={1;2}, A={(1;2)} – gantolebis
amonaxsenTa simravle
Q – racionalur ricxvTa simravle
|| – paraleluria
R – namdvil ricxvTa simravle
|| – ar aris paraleluri
{a;b} – simravle, romlis elemen
tebia a da b ⊥ – marTobuli
∈ – ekuTvnis (simravles) ∠ – kuTxe
∉ – ar ekuTvnis (simravles) ≡ – aRvniSnoT
∅ – carieli simravle ⇒ – gamomdinare
– qvesimravle (simravlis) ° – gradusi
– TanakveTa (simravleTa) ′ – minuti
– gaerTianeba (simravleTa) – rkali
> , < – mkacri utolobis niSnebi
315
berZnuli anbani laTinuri anbani
Α α alfa A a a
Β β beta B b be
Γ γ gama C c ce
Δ δ delta D d de
Ε ε efsiloni E e e
Ζ ζ Zeta F f ef
Η η eta G g Je
Θ θ Teta H h haS
Ι ι iota I i i
Κ κ kapa J j iot, Ji
Λ λ lambda K k ka
Μ μ miu L l el
Ν ν niu M m em
ξ qsi N n en
Ο ο omikron O o o
Π π pi P p pe
Ρ ρ ro Q q qu
Σ σ sigma R r er
Τ τ tau S s es
Υ υ ifsiloni T t te
Φ φ fi U u u
Χ χ xi V v ve
Ψ ψ fsi W w dubl-ve
Ω ϖ omega X x iqs
AB Y y igrek
Z z zet
damxmare literatura:
1. e. benduqiZe - maTematika. seriozuli da saxaliso “nakaduli”. Tbilisi.
1988 w.
2. a. benduqiZe - maTematikuri narkvevebi. “legia”. 1995 w.
4. j. kiknaZe - azris jaWvi. “inteleqti”. Tbilisi, 2001 w.
5. m. kopaleiSvili - mogzauroba ricxvTa samyaroSi. ganaTleba. 1989 w.
6. T. ebanoiZe - werilebi. qarTvel maTematikosebze. “mecniereba”. 1981 w.
7. Энциклопедический словарь юного математика. Издательство „Педагогика“.
1985 г.
316
sarCevi
Tavi I . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
1. VI klasSi Seswavlili masalis gameoreba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
2. gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebis Sedareba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3. ricxvis naturaluri xarisxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Seamowme Seni codna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4. gayofadobis niSnebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
jgufuri mecadineoba: viTamaSoT! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
5. ricxvTa gayofadobis zogierTi Tviseba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
es sainteresoa: evklides algoriTmi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Tema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
6. simravle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
7. simravleTa toloba. qvesimravle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
8. simravleTa TanakveTa da gaerTianeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
jgufuri mecadineoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
9. simravleTa sxvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Seamowme Seni codna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
I Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55
Tavi II . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
1. monacemebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2. monacemTa warmodgena cxrilebiT, diagramiT, piqtogramiT . . . . . . 69
3. monacemTa saSualo, moda, mediana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
4. procenti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Seamowme Seni codna: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
5. amovxsnaT amocanebi procentebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
6. proporcia, proporciuli sidideebi. ricxvis dayofa proporciul
nawilebad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
7. ukuproporciuli sidideebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 98
Tema: ariTmetikuli saSualos gamoyeneba amocanebis amoxsnisas . . 102
II Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106
Tavi III . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114

1. uaryofiTi ricxvebi. ricxviTi RerZi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
2. racionaluri ricxvebis Sedareba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
3. ricxvis moduli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124
4. moqmedebebi, racionalur ricxvebze . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128
5. gamravlebis ganrigebadobis kanoni, frCxilebis gaxsna . . . . . . . . . 138
6. gantoleba, gantolebis amoxsna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
7. wrfivi erTcvladiani gantolebis amoxsna . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145
8. amocanebis amoxsna gantolebebis meSveobiT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
9. problemis moZieba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159
Tema: amocanebis amoxsnis xelovneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163
III Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165
317
Tavi IV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
1. xarisxis Tvisebebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
2. erTwevri. erTwevrebis gamravleba da axarisxeba . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
3. mravalwevri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178
4. erTwevrisa da mravalwevris namravli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181
5. mravalwevrebis namravli . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
6. igiveoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
7. Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
8. mravalwevris daSla mamravlebad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196
9. kubebis jami da kubebis sxvaoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201
10. mravalwevris gayofa mravalwevrze. mravalwevris fesvi . . . . . . . 204
es sainteresoa: Semoklebuli gamravlebis formulebis gamoyeneba
miaxloebiT gamoTvlebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206
Tema: paskalis samkuTxedi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
IV Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
Seamowme Seni codna: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
Tavi V . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
1. mimdevroba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
2. sakoordinato sibrtye . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222
3. funqciis cneba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228
4. funqciis mocemis xerxebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
5. funqciis grafiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240
6. paraleluri gadatana. RerZuli simetria, centruli simetria . . . 244
7. wrfivi funqcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
1. pirdapirproporciulobis funqcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252
2. y=kx+b wrfivi funqcia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256
8. wrfivi gantolebisa da utolobis grafikuli amoxsna . . . . . . . . . 266
jgufuri mecadineoba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
es sainteresoa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
9. wrfivi orucnobiani gantoleba . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
10. amovxsnaT gantoleba mTel ricxvebSi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276
11. orucnobian gantolebaTa sistema . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279
12. wrfiv gantolebaTa sistemis amoxsna Casmis xerxiT . . . . . . . . . . . 283
13. algebruli Sekrebis xerxi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
14. sistemebi, romlebic wrfiv gantolebaTa sistemebze daiyvaneba . . . 293
V Tavis damatebiTi savarjiSoebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298
rTuli amocanebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
pasuxebi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
318

Algebra VII - 07 09 15

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nana jafariZe, nani wulaia, maia wilosani

avtorebi: nana jafariZe, nani wulaia, maia wilosani

redaqtori: malxaz jinWaraZe _ komarovis skolis direqtoris

kompiuteruli uzrunvelyofa: maia feiqriSvili

wigni warmoadgens ssip vladimir komarovis Tbilisis fizika-

ssip vladimir komarovis Tbilisis fizika-maTematikis

skolis werilobiTi Tanxmobis gareSe akrZalulia wignis gadabeWdva,

wignze muSaoba rom gagiadvildeT, mizanSewonilad CavTvaleT gagacnoT

?  – umartivesi kiTxvebi, romelTac axali masalis

* – SedarebiT rTuli amocana;

g – savarjiSoebi, romelic emsaxureba gavlili masalis

s.f.* – sagulisxmo faqti.

wignis bolos mocemulia amocanebis pasuxebi da Semoklebuli

1. wiladis ZiriTadi Tviseba: wiladis sidide ar Seicvleba, Tu

2. wiladebis gasaerTmniSvnelianeblad saWiroa:

3. tolmniSvneliani wiladebi rom SevkriboT (gamovakloT),

4. sxvadasxvamniSvneliani wiladebi rom SevkriboT (gamovakloT),

5. Sereuli wiladebi rom SevkriboT, saWiroa, cal-calke Sevkri-

6. Sereuli wiladebi rom gamovakloT, saWiroa cal-calke gamo-

8. wiladi rom wiladze gavyoT saWiroa gasayofi gavamravloT

9. Sereuli wiladebi rom gadavamravloT (gavyoT), saWiroa isini

10. aTwiladi rom Cveulebriv wiladad gadavaqcioT, saWiroa

11. Cveulebrivi wiladi rom aTwiladad gadavaqcioT, saWiroa

12. Tu ukveci wiladis mniSvnels ar gaaCnia 2-isa da 5-isagan gan-

2. ricxviTi gamosaxuleba. cvladiani gamosaxuleba

gamosaxulebas, romelic cvlads Seicavs, cvladiani gamosa­

2 cnobilia, rom a da b cvladebis raRac mniSvnelobebisaTvis

3 SeadgineT naxazze mocemuli CarCos farTobis gamo-

4* CawereT cvladiani gamosaxuleba mocemuli mimdev-

7 SeadgineT ricxviTi gamosaxuleba, romlis mniSvneloba 7-is tolia

8 mocemulia ori ricxvi 18 da 12. SeadgineT da iangariSeT:

11 a sm da b sm marTkuTxedis gverdebis sigrZeebia, P sm misi perime-

12 SeadareT a2 – b2 da (a–b)(a+b) gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi, Tu

13 SeadareT a –2ab+b da a–b gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi, Tu:

3. ariTmetikul moqmedebaTa Tvisebebi

nebismieri a, b da c ricxvebisaTvis sruldeba:

2. jufTebadobis Tviseba: msgavsi wevrebi rom

2 isargebleT ganrigebadobis TvisebiT da SeasruleT moqmedeba:

4 gaamartiveT gamosaxuleba da gamoTvaleT misi mniSvneloba,

5 gaxseniT frCxilebi da SeaerTeT msgavsi wevrebi:

7 gadaixazeT qvemoT mocemuli cxrili rveulSi da SeavseT:

a) x y 2x 4y 2x–4y+7 b) u v 3(u+v) 2uv 3(u+v)–2uv

8 ipoveT naxazze mocemuli oTx- 2a

9* arsebobs Tu ara naturaluri ricxvi, romlis cifrebis nam-

10 gamoiyeneT 3-jer cifri 2 da SeadgineT gamosaxuleba, rom-

11 cnobilia, rom a da b cvladebis romeliRac mniSvnelobisT-

1. ori avtomanqana erTdroulad gav-

2. nika 1974 wlis 26 maiss daibada, misi da nato ki – 1976 wlis 26

yoveli ori a da b ricxvisaTvis marTebulia erT-erTi Sem­

`<~ da `>~ simboloebs utolobis niSnebi ewodeba.

or gamosaxulebas, SeerTebuls `<~ an `>~ niSniT,

magaliTad, 2·80 < 7·50 – ricxviTi utolobaa.

CavweroT utolobis saxiT:

1 daalageT zrdis mixedviT:

2 SeadareT erTmaneTs gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi:

a) 5,2·12,4 da 15,3·5,1; b) 2 + 15 da 3 +1; g) 63· 57 da 63: 52 ;

3 SeadareT erTmaneTs Semdeg gamosaxulebaTa mniSvnelobebi:

4 CawereT ormagi utolobis saxiT:

5 erTma avtomobilma gaiara 700 km x sT-Si, meorem 630 km y sT-Si.

6 SeadareT a da b ricxvebi, Tu:

7 gakveTilis bolos moswavlebma maswavlebels davalebisa da g

8 daasaxeleT 3-is jeradi ricxvi, romelic iyofa 20-ze.

gamosaxulebas, romelic cvlads Seicavs, cvladiani gamosa

yoveli ori a da b ricxvisaTvis marTebulia erT-erTi Sem