NCM (2nd) TM5A01 e

2
Chapter More about

1 Equations
Q & A (P.1.2)
(a) y = 10x + 1 100 3.
x 0 10 30 (1) + (2): 5x = 5
y 1 100 1 000 800 x=1
Substitute x = 1 into (2).
1 + 3y = 1
3y = 0
y=0
∴ The solution is x = 1, y = 0.
4.
(1)  2: 4x  2y = 28 ........ (3)
(2)  (3): 7y = 28
y=4
Substitute y = 4 into (1).
(b) From the figure, the point of intersection of the 2x  4 = 14
graphs is (20 , 900). 2x = 10
∴ The unit price of the product is $900. x = 5
∴ The solution is x = 5, y = 4.
Review Exercise (P.1.5)
1. (a) From the figure, the point of intersection of the 5. x2  3x  4 = 0
graphs is (1.0 , 1.0). (x + 1)(x  4) = 0
∴ The solution is x = 1.0, y = 1.0. x = 1 or 4
(b) From the figure, the point of intersection of the
graphs is (1.8 , 2.1). 6. x2 + 2x  24 = 0
∴ The solution is x = 1.8, y = 2.1. (x + 6)(x  4) = 0
x = 6 or 4
2.
Substitute (2) into (1). 7. x2  13x + 40 = 0
2x = 3x  3 + 1 (x  5)(x  8) = 0
x=2 x = 5 or 8
y = 3(2)  3
=3
∴ The solution is x = 2, y = 3.
© Oxford University Press 2015

3 Solutions
8. x2 + 3x  10 = 0 Instant Drill 2 (P.1.8)
x=
= 2 or 
9. 2x2  15x  8 = 0
x=
= (a) Add the graph of y = 4 to the given figure.

From the figure, the point of intersection is (1.0 ,
= 8 or
4.0).
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
10. 9x  12x + 4 = 0
2
x = 1.0, y = 4.0.
(b) Add the graph of y = 2x  3 to the given figure.
x=
x 2 1 1
= y 1 1 5
From the figure, the point of intersection is (0.0 ,
= (repeated) 3.0).
11. (a) From the figure, the x-intercepts are 1.0 and x = 0.0, y = 3.0.
3.0.
∴ The solutions are 1.0 and 3.0. Instant Drill 3 (P.1.9)
(b) From the figure, the x-intercepts are 1.3 and
2.3.
∴ The solutions are 1.3 and 2.3.
Instant Drill 1 (P.1.7)

From the figure, the points of intersection are (1.0 , 3.0)
and (1.0 , 1.0).
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
x = 1.0, y = 3.0 and x = 1.0, y = 1.0.

4 Chapter 1: More about Equations
x = 2 or 1
Substitute x = 2 into (2).
y = 3  (2)
=5
y=31
=2
x = 2, y = 5 and x = 1, y = 2.
From (1), y = 3  3x .............. (3)

Substitute (3) into (2).
3  3x + 5 = x2  x
x2 + 2x  8 = 0
(x + 4)(x  2) = 0
x = 4 or 2
(a) Add the graph of 3y + x = 9 to the given figure. y = 3  3(4)
x 0 3 4.5 = 15
y 3 2 1.5 Substitute x = 2 into (3).
From the figure, the two graphs have no points of y = 3  3(2)
intersection. = 3
∴ The simultaneous equations have no real ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
solutions. x = 4, y = 15 and x = 2, y = 3.
(b) Add the graph of x + y  2 = 0 to the given figure.
x 0 2 5 Instant Drill 6 (P.1.17)
y 2 0 3 Rewrite the given equation as:
From the figure, the points of intersection are (1.0 ,

1.0) and (4.0 , 2.0). From (2), y + 4x = 2 ....................... (3)
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are Substitute (3) into (1).
x = 1.0, y = 1.0 and x = 4.0, y = 2.0. x2  x(2)  3 = 4

x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
Instant Drill 4 (P.1.16) (x + 1)2 = 0

x = 1 (repeated)
Substitute (2) into (1). Substitute x = 1 into (3).
x2  (3  x) + 1= 0 y + 4(1) = 2
x2 + x  2 = 0 y=2
(x + 2)(x  1) = 0 ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is

x = 1, y = 2.

5 Solutions
 = (3)2  4(1)(5)
Instant Drill 7 (P.1.17) = 11
<0
From (2), y = 2x  1 ............. (3) ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
Substitute (3) into (1). solutions.
6x  (2x  1) + 4 = 0
2 2
6x  (4x2  4x  1) + 4 = 0
2
6x2  4x2 + 4x  1 + 4 = 0
2x2 + 4x + 3 = 0
 = 42  4(2)(3)
= 8
<0
∴ 2x2 + 4x + 3 = 0 has no real roots.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real solutions.
Instant Drill 8 (P.1.19) Substitute (2) into (1).

(a) 3x + 1 = x2 + x + k
Substitute (2) into (1). x2  4x + 1  k = 0 ................... (3)
1  x = x2  3x + 2 ∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real
x  2x + 1 = 0
2 solution.
 = (2)  4(1)(1)
2
∴  of (3) = 0
=0 (4)  4(1)(1  k) = 0
2
∴ The simultaneous equations have one real 16  4 + 4k = 0

solution. 4k = 12
(b) k = 3
From (2), y = 2x  1 ........ (3)
Substitute (3) into (1). Instant Drill 10 (P.1.22)
2x  1 = x  4 2
(8 + x) =5
x2  2x  3 = 0
 = (2)2  4(1)(3) (8 + x) (x)= 5x
= 16
(8 + x)(x  1) = 5x
>0
x2 + 7x  8 = 5x
∴ The simultaneous equations have two real
x2 + 2x  8 = 0
solutions.
(x + 4)(x  2) = 0
(c)
x = 4 or 2
From (2), y = 3  2x ................ (3)
3  2x = x2 + x  2
x2  3x + 5= 0 =1

=1 = 30
3(x + 1)  4x = x(x + 1)
= 30
3x + 3  4x = x2 + x
x2 + 2x  3 = 0 80(x + 2) + 98x = 30x(x + 2)
(x + 3)(x  1) = 0 80x + 160 + 98x = 30x2 + 60x
x = 3 or 1 30x2  118x  160 = 0
15x2  59x  80 = 0
(x  5)(15x + 16) = 0
x = 5 or (rejected)
=2
+ =2

+ =2
Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
=2 The original equation becomes

u2  5u + 4 = 0
=1 (u  4)(u  1) = 0
u = 4 or 1
2x  10 = x2  25
Since u = x ,
2
x2  2x  15 = 0
x2 = 4 or 1
(x + 3)(x  5) = 0
x = 2 or 1
x = 3 or 5 (rejected)

Let y = x3. Then y2 = (x3)2 = x6.
Length of
Length of The original equation becomes
Number the wall
the wall y2 + 7y  8 = 0
of days completed
completed (m) (y + 8)(y  1) = 0
per day (m)
y = 8 or 1
Worker A
x 80 Since y = x3,
only
x3 = 8 or 1
Worker B
x+2 80 + 18 = 98 x = 2 or 1
only
Workers A
4 120 = 30 Instant Drill 16 (P.1.27)
and B
Let u = . Then u2 = ( )2 = x.

7 Solutions
The original equation becomes Let u = 3x. The original equation becomes
u2 + 3u  4 = 0
u= +2
(u  1)(u + 4) = 0
u2 = 8 + 2u
u = 1 or 4
Since u = , u2  2u  8 = 0
= 1 or 4 (rejected) (u  4)(u + 2) = 0
u = 4 or 2
x=1
Since u = 3 ,x
Alternative Method
x+ 4=0 3x = 4 or 2 (rejected)
x4= log 3x = log 4
(x  4)2 = ( )2 x log 3 = log 4
x2  8x + 16 = 9x x=
x2  17x + 16 = 0 = 1.26, cor. to 2 d.p.
(x  1)(x  16) = 0
x = 1 or 16 (rejected)

x =2
x2=
250 000(2.25)0.2t  300 000(1.5)0.2t = 550 000
(x  2) = (
2
)2
5(2.25)0.2t  6(1.5)0.2t = 11 ..................... (1)
x2  4x + 4 = 3x  6 Let u = 1.50.2t. Then u2 = [(1.5)0.2t]2 = (1.52)0.2t = (2.25)0.2t.
x  7x + 10 = 0
2
Equation (1) becomes
(x  2)(x  5) = 0
5u2  6u = 11
x = 2 or 5
5u2  6u  11 = 0
(5u  11)(u + 1) = 0
u= or 1
Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2 = 22x.
The original equation becomes Since u = 1.50.2t,
2u2  3u + 1 = 0 1.50.2t = or 1 (rejected)
(2u  1)(u  1) = 0
log 1.50.2t = log
u= or 1
Since u = 2x, 0.2t log 1.5 = log
2x = or 2x = 1
t=
x = 1 or x = 0
= 9.72, cor. to 2 d.p.

Instant Drill 21 (P.1.30) The original equation becomes

Let u = log3 x. Then u = (log3 x) .
2 2
4u2  1 = 0
The original equation becomes
u2 =
u2 + 3u + 2 = 0
(u + 1)(u + 2) = 0 u=
u = 1 or 2
When u = ,
Since u = log3 x,
log3 x = 1 or log3 x = 2
cos  =
x = 31 or x = 3 2
 = 60 or 360  60
x= or x=
= 60 or 300
When u = ,
log (x + 21) + log x = 2 cos  =
log [(x + 21)x] = log 100
 = 180  60 or 180 + 60
∴ (x + 21)x = 100
= 120 or 240
x2 + 21x = 100
x2 + 21x  100 = 0
(x  4)(x + 25) = 0
x = 4 or 25 (rejected)

log (x2  2)  log 5x + 1 = 0
log + log 10 = log 1 (b) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .

= log 1 u2 + u = 0
u(u + 1) = 0
∴ =1 u = 0 or 1
When u = 0,
2(x2  2) = x
tan  = 0
2x2  x  4 = 0
 = 0 or 180 or 360
x=
When u = 1,
tan  = 1
 = 180  45 or 360  45
= or
= 135 or 315
(rejected)
= 1.69, cor. to 2 d.p.
2 cos2  + 3 sin  = 0
2(1  sin2 ) + 3 sin  = 0
(a) Let u = cos . Then u2 = cos2 .
2  2 sin2  + 3 sin  = 0

9 Solutions
2 sin2   3 sin   2 = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are

(2 sin  + 1)(sin   2) = 0 x = 1.0, y = 4.0 and x = 2.0, y = 1.0.
2 sin  + 1 = 0 or sin   2 = 0
2. Add the graph of y = 2x + 1 to the given figure.
sin  = or sin  = 2 (rejected)
x 0.5 0 1.5
 = 180 + 30 or 360  30
y 0 1 4
= 210 or 330

sin  tan  = 1
sin  =1
sin2  = cos 
1  cos2  = cos 
cos2  + cos   1= 0
From the figure, the point of intersection is (1.0 , 3.0).
∴ cos  = ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
x = 1.0, y = 3.0.
= or (rejected)
 = 51.827 or 360  51.827

= 51.8 or 308.2, cor. to the nearest 0.1
Instant Drill 27 (P.1.34) 3. Add the graph of y = x  2 to the given figure.

From the question, h = 3. x 0 2 4
3 = 16 tan   5(1 + tan2 ) y 2  2
3 = 16 tan   5  5 tan 2
5 tan2   16 tan  + 8 = 0
∴ tan  =
= or
 = 31.8 or 68.8, cor. to 1 d.p.

From the figure, the points of intersection are
∴ The minimum value of  is 31.8.
(0.6 , 1.4) and (3.4 , 1.4).
Instant Drill Corner 1.1 (P.1.10)
x = 0.6, y = 1.4 and x = 3.4, y = 1.4.
1. From the figure, the points of intersection are
(1.0 , 4.0) and (2.0 , 1.0).

Instant Drill Corner 1.2 (P.1.19)

1. (a) From (2), x  3y = 2 ............... (3)
Substitute (2) into (1). Substitute (3) into (1).
x + 1 = x2  4x + 7 x2  2x(2) + 7 = 3
x2  5x + 6 = 0 x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
(x  2)(x  3) = 0 (x + 2)2 = 0
x = 2 or 3 x = 2 (repeated)
Substitute x = 2 into (2). Substitute x = 2 into (3).
y=2+1 2  3y = 2
=3 3y = 0
Substitute x = 3 into (2). y=0
y=3+1 ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations
=4 is x = 2, y = 0.
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations (d)
are x = 2, y = 3 and x = 3, y = 4.
From (2), y = x + 3 ................ (3)
(x + 3)2 + 2x2 = 18
x2 + 6x + 9 + 2x2 = 18
3x2 + 6x  9 = 0
x2 + 2x  3 = 0
(x + 3)(x  1) = 0
x = 3 or 1
y = 3 + 3
(b)
=0
From (2), y = 2  2x ......... (3)
y=1+3
2  2x = x2 + 2x + 5
=4
x2 + 4x + 3 = 0
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
(x + 3)(x + 1) = 0
are x = 3, y = 0 and x = 1, y = 4.
x = 3 or 1
2. (a)
y = 2  2(3)
=8
1  2x = x2 + x
x2 + 3x  1 = 0
y = 2  2(1)
=4  = 32  4(1)(1)
= 13
>0
are x = 3, y = 8 and x = 1, y = 4.
(c) Rewrite the given equation as:
solutions.

11 Solutions
(b)
Substitute (2) into (1). 2. Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
x + 2 = 2x2 + 3 The original equation becomes
2x2  x + 1 = 0 u2 + 8u  9 = 0
 = (1)2  4(2)(1) (u  1)(u + 9) = 0
= 7 u = 1 or 9
<0 Since u = x ,2
∴ The simultaneous equations have no real x2 = 1 or 9 (rejected)

solutions. x = 1
(c)
3. Let u = . Then u2 = ( )2 = x.
Substitute (2) into (1). The original equation becomes
2x + 5 + x  2x = 1
2
u2  u  12 = 0
x  4x + 4 = 0
2
(u  4)(u + 3) = 0
 = (4)2  4(1)(4) u = 4 or 3
=0 Since u = ,
∴ The simultaneous equations have one real = 4 or 3 (rejected)
solution. x = 16
3. 4. Let u = 5x. Then u2 = (5x)2 = 52x.

Substitute (2) into (1). The original equation becomes
x  k = x2  5x + 1 u2  4u  5 = 0
x  6x + 1 + k = 0 ................. (3)
2
(u  5)(u + 1) = 0
∵ The simultaneous equations have two real u = 5 or 1
solutions. Since u = 5x,
∴  of (3) > 0 5x = 5 or 1 (rejected)
(6)  4(1)(1 + k) > 0
2
x=1
36  4  4k > 0
4k > 32 5. log (x + 3) + log x = 1
k<8 log [(x + 3)x] = log 10
∴ (x + 3)x = 10
Instant Drill Corner 1.3 (P.1.34) x2 + 3x  10 = 0
1. = 1 (x  2)(x + 5) = 0
= 1
2(x + 1) + (x  1) = (x  1)(x + 1) 6. log3 (x  6) = 2 log3 4  log3 x
2x + 2 + x  1 = x2 + 1 log3 (x  6) + log3 x = log3 42
x2 + 3x = 0 log3 [(x  6)x] = log3 16
x(x + 3) = 0 ∴ (x  6)x = 16
x = 0 or 3 x2  6x = 16
x2  6x  16 = 0

(x  8)(x + 2) = 0 solutions.
x = 8 or 2 (rejected) (b) From the figure, the two graphs have no points
of intersection.
7. 2 sin  +
2
sin  = 0 ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
sin  (2 sin  + ) =0 solutions.
sin  = 0 or sin  =
4. (a) From the figure, the two graphs have no points
When sin  = 0, of intersection.
 = 0 or 180 or 360 ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
When sin  = , solutions.
(b) From the figure, the points of intersection are
 = 180 + 60 or 360  60
(2.7 , 8.4) and (1.7 , 0.4).
= 240 or 300
are x = 2.7, y = 8.4 and x = 1.7, y = 0.4.
(c) From the figure, the point of intersection is
(1.0 , 4.0).
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations
is x = 1.0, y = 4.0.
Exercise 1A (P.1.11)
5. Add the graph of y = 2 to the given figure.
1. (a) From the figure, the points of intersection are
(3.0 , 5.0) and (2.0 , 5.0).
are x = 3.0, y = 5.0 and x = 2.0, y = 5.0.
(b) From the figure, the points of intersection are
(0.0 , 2.0) and (4.0 , 18.0).
are x = 0.0, y = 2.0 and x = 4.0, y = 18.0.
2. (a) From the figure, the point of intersection is

(2.0 , 4.0).
From the figure, the point of intersection is (0.0 , 2.0).
is x = 2.0, y = 4.0.
(b) From the figure, the point of intersection is
x = 0.0, y = 2.0.
(3.0 , 6.0).
6. Add the graph of y = 2x + 3 to the given figure.
is x = 3.0, y = 6.0.
x 2 1 0.5
y 1 1 2
3. (a) From the figure, the two graphs have no points
of intersection.
∴ The simultaneous equations have no real

13 Solutions
x = 0.6, y = 1.6 and x = 1.6, y = 0.6.
8. Add the graph of y = x  5 to the given figure.

x 4 0 1
y 1 5 6
From the figure, the point of intersection is (1.0 ,

1.0).
x = 1.0, y = 1.0.
(3.8 , 1.2) and (0.8 , 5.8).
x = 3.8, y = 1.2 and x = 0.8, y = 5.8.
7. Add the graph of y = x + 1 to the given figure.

x 1 0 2 9. Add the graph of y = 2x  9 to the given figure.
y 2 1 1 x 0 1 2
y 9 7 5
From the figure, the points of intersection are From the figure, the two graphs have no points of
(0.6 , 1.6) and (1.6 , 0.6). intersection.
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real

solutions. ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations

are x = 1.5, y = 3.0 and x = 3.0, y = 0.0.
10. Add the graph of y = 4x  17 to the given figure. (b) Add the graph of 2x + y = 3 to the given figure.
x 4 3 2 x 0 1 3
y 1 5 9 y 3 1 3
(0.0 , 3.0) and (2.5 , 2.0).
are x = 0.0, y = 3.0 and x = 2.5, y = 2.0.
12.
From the figure, the point of intersection is

(3.0 , 5.0).
x = 3.0, y = 5.0.
11.
(a) y = (x  1)(4  x)
= 4x  4  x2 + x
= x2 + 5x  4
Add the graph of x + y = 1 to the given figure.
x 0 2 3
y 1 1 2
(a) Add the graph of y  2x = 6 to the given figure. (1.0 , 0.0) and (5.0 , 4.0).
x 1 2 4 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
y 4 2 2 are x = 1.0, y = 0.0 and x = 5.0, y = 4.0.
From the figure, the points of intersection are (b) y = (x  4)(1  x)
(1.5 , 3.0) and (3.0 , 0.0). = x  4  x2 + 4x

15 Solutions
= x2 + 5x  4
Add the graph of 2x  4y = 3 to the given figure.
x 1.5 3.5 5.5
y 0 1 2
(0.9 , 0.3) and (3.6 , 1.0).
are x = 0.9, y = 0.3 and x = 3.6, y = 1.0.
13. y = x2  3x
x 1 0 1 2 3 4
y 4 0 2 2 0 4
y=x3
x  2 4
y  1 1
From the figure, the two graphs have no points of
intersection.
solutions.
15. y = x2 + 4x + 4
x 1 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 1 4 7 8 7 4 1
x+y=7
x 0 3 5
y 7 4 2

(1.0 , 2.0) and (3.0 , 0.0).
x = 1.0, y = 2.0 and x = 3.0, y = 0.0.
14. y = x2 + x  2
x 2 1 0 1 2 3
y 8 4 2 2 4 8
y = 4  3x
x 1 2 3
y 1 2 5

solutions.
17. y = x2 + 6x  4
x 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
y 4 1 4 5 4 1 4
2x + 2y = 5
x 0 2.5 5
y 2.5 0 2.5

(0.7 , 6.3) and (4.3 , 2.7).
x = 0.7, y = 6.3 and x = 4.3, y = 2.7.
16. y = x2 + 3x + 1
x 4 3 2 1 0 1
y 5 1 1 1 1 5 From the figure, the points of intersection are
y  2x  1 (1.1 , 1.4) and (5.9 , 3.4).
x 0 0.5 1 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
y 1 0 1 x = 1.1, y = 1.4 and x = 5.9, y = 3.4.
18. y = 4x2 + 8x
x 2 1.5 1 0.5 0
y 0 3 4 3 0
4x + y + 9 = 0
x 2.5 2 1.5
y 1  
From the figure, the two graphs have no points of

intersection.

17 Solutions
(b) For   x  3,
y = x2 + x  4
x  3   0 1 2 3
y 8 2     2 8
yx=1
x  0 3
y  1 4
From the figure, the point of intersection is

(1.5 , 3.0).
x = 1.5, y = 3.0.
19. (a) Add the graph of y  x = 1 to the given figure.

x  0 1
y 2 1 2
From the figure, there are two points of

intersection.
solutions.
∴ The claim is disagreed.
From the figure, the point of intersection is Exercise 1B (P.1.20)

(2.2 , 1.2). 1.
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations Substitute (2) into (1).
is x = 2.2, y = 1.2. x + 2 = x2
x2  x  2 = 0
(x + 1)(x  2) = 0
x = 1 or 2

4.
Substitute x = 1 into (2). Substitute (2) into (1).
y = 1 + 2 2x + 1 = x2 + x  5
=1 x2  x  6 = 0
Substitute x = 2 into (2). (x + 2)(x  3) = 0
y=2+2 x = 2 or 3
=4 Substitute x = 2 into (2).
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are y = 2(2) + 1
x = 1, y = 1 and x = 2, y = 4. = 3
2. y = 2(3) + 1
Substitute (2) into (1). =7
x = x + x
2
x + 2x = 0
2
x = 2, y = 3 and x = 3, y = 7.
x(x + 2) = 0
x = 0 or 2 5.
Substitute x = 0 into (2). Substitute (2) into (1).
y=0 4x  5 = x2 + 2x + 3
Substitute x = 2 into (2). x2 + 2x  8 = 0
y = (2) (x + 4)(x  2) = 0
=2 x = 4 or 2
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are Substitute x = 4 into (2).
x = 0, y = 0 and x = 2, y = 2. y = 4(4)  5
= 21
3. Substitute x = 2 into (2).
Substitute (2) into (1). y = 4(2)  5
x + 1 = x2  2x  3 =3
x2  3x  4 = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
(x + 1)(x  4) = 0 x = 4, y = 21 and x = 2, y = 3.
x = 1 or 4
y = 1 + 1
=0
y=4+1
=5
x = 1, y = 0 and x = 4, y = 5.
6.

19 Solutions

x  4x  (6  3x) = 0
2
x2  (8 + 2x) = 0
x2  x  6 = 0 x2  2x  8 = 0
(x + 2)(x  3) = 0 (x + 2)(x  4) = 0
x = 2 or 3 x = 2 or 4
Substitute x = 2 into (2). Substitute x = 2 into (3).
y = 6  3(2) y = 8 + 2(2)
= 12 =4
Substitute x = 3 into (2). Substitute x = 4 into (3).
y = 6  3(3) y = 8 + 2(4)
= 3 = 16
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
x = 2, y = 12 and x = 3, y = 3. x = 2, y = 4 and x = 4, y = 16.
7. 9.
From (2), y = 2x + 9 .............. (3) From (2), y = 2  x ................ (3)
2x + 9 = x + 6x + 4
2
x2 + (2  x) = x + 1
x2 + 4x  5 = 0 x2  2x + 1 = 0
(x + 5)(x  1) = 0 (x  1)2 = 0
x = 5 or 1 x = 1 (repeated)
Substitute x = 5 into (3). Substitute x = 1 into (3).
y = 2(5) + 9 y=21
= 1 =1
Substitute x = 1 into (3). ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
y = 2(1) + 9 x = 1, y = 1.
= 11
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are 10.
x = 5, y = 1 and x = 1, y = 11. From (2), y = 3  x ................. (3)
3  x  6 = x2 + 5x
x2 + 6x + 9 = 0
(x + 3)2 = 0
x = 3 (repeated)

y = 3  (3)
8. =0
From (2), y = 8 + 2x ….…. (3) ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is

x = 3, y = 0. x2  6x  7 = 0
(x + 1)(x  7) = 0
11. x = 1 or 7
From (2), y = 4  2x ................. (3)
y = 6(1)
= 6
3x + (4  2x)  x2 = 0 Substitute x = 7 into (2).
x2  x + 4 = 0 y = 6(7)
 = (1)2  4(1)(4) = 42
= 15 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
<0
x = 1, y = 6 and x = 7, y = 42.
∴ x2  x + 4 = 0 has no real roots.
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
14. Rewrite the given equation as:
solutions.

12.
x2  x  2 = x + 1
x2  2x  3 = 0
From (2), y = 5x  6 ................... (3)
(x + 1)(x  3) = 0
x = 1 or 3
x2  x = 5x  6 + 1
x2  6x + 5 = 0
y = 1 + 1
(x  1)(x  5) = 0
=0
x = 1 or 5
y=3+1
y = 5(1)  6
=4
= 1
x = 1, y = 0 and x = 3, y = 4.
y = 5(5)  6
= 19
x = 1, y = 1 and x = 5, y = 19.

3  x = 15  x2
x2  x  12 = 0
6x = x2  7
(x + 3)(x  4) = 0

21 Solutions
x = 3 or 4 solutions.
y 2 = 3  (3) 19.
y=8
Substitute x = 4 into (1). From (2), y = 2  3x ................ (3)
y 2 = 3  4
y=1 2  3x  2x2 = 0
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are 2x2 + 3x  2 = 0

(x + 2)(2x  1) = 0
x = 3, y = 8 and x = 4, y = 1.
x = 2 or
16.
y = 2 (2)
2x = x2 + 1 =8
x2 + 2x + 1 = 0
Substitute x = into (3).
 = 22  4(1)(1)
=0
y=
∴ The simultaneous equations have one real
solution. =
17.
2x  1 = 3x2 + x
20.
3x2  x + 1 = 0
 = (1)2  4(3)(1)
From (2), y = 20  x ................... (3)
= 11
<0
4x + 20  x  2 = x2
x2  3x  18 = 0
solutions.
(x + 3)(x  6) = 0
x = 3 or 6

18.
y = 20  (3)
= 23
5x  6 = 2x2  3x + 1
2x2  8x + 7 = 0
y = 20  6
 = (8)2  4(2)(7)
= 14
=8
>0
x = 3, y = 23 and x = 6, y = 14.

21. Substitute x = 2 into (3).

From (1), y = x  3x ............ (3)
2
y  2(2) = 4
Substitute (3) into (2). y=0
2(x2  3x) = x  10 ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is
2x2  6x = x  10 x = 2, y = 0.
2x  7x + 10 = 0
2
 = (7)2  4(2)(10) 24. Rewrite the given equation as:

= 31
<0 From (2), 2x + y = 6 .................. (3)
∴ 2x  7x + 10 = 0 has no real roots.
2
i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real 6 + 1 = x(6) + x2
solutions. x2  6x + 5 = 0
(x  1)(x  5) = 0
22. Rewrite the given equation as: x = 1 or 5
2(1) + y = 6
y = 8
12x + 20 = x2 + 7x  30
x2  5x  50 = 0
2(5) + y = 6
(x + 5)(x  10) = 0
y = 16
x = 5 or 10
x = 1, y = 8 and x = 5, y = 16.
5 + y = 12(5) + 20
y = 35
10 + y = 12(10) + 20
y = 130
x = 5, y = 35 and x = 10, y = 130.

From (2), 6x  4y = 10
From (1), y  2x = 4 ...................... (3)
3x  2y = 5 ................. (3)
4  x(x + 4) = 8
x(5)  5x2 = 12
4  x2  4x = 8
5x2  5x + 12 = 0
x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
 = (5)2  4(5)(12)
(x + 2)2 = 0
= 215
x = 2 (repeated)
<0

23 Solutions
∴ 5x2  5x + 12 = 0 has no real roots. ∴ 4x2  21x + 28 = 0 has no real roots.

i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
solutions. solutions.
26. Rewrite the given equation as: 28.

From (2), 4y = 1  3x
From (2), y = x  2 ................ (3) y= ............. (3)
x2 + (x  2)2 = 4
x2 + x2  4x + 4 = 4 x2  =1
2x2  4x = 0
x2  =1
2x(x  2) = 0
x =  or 2 8x2  1 + 6x  9x2  8
Substitute x =  into (3). x2  6x + 9 = 0
y=02 (x  3)2 = 0
= 2 x = 3 (repeated)
Substitute x = 2 into (3). Substitute x = 3 into (3).
y=22
y=
=0
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are = 2
x = 0, y = 2 and x = 2, y = 0.
x = 3, y = 2.
29.
27. Rewrite the given equation as: From (2), y = x  2 ................... (3)
From (2), y = 7  3x .............. (3) x2 + x(x  2) + 4(x  2)2 = 4
Substitute (3) into (1). x2 + x2  2x + 4(x2  4x + 4) = 4
x2  (7  3x)2 = 7 6x2  18x + 12 = 0
x2  (49  42x  9x2) = 7 x2  3x + 2 = 0
8x2  42x + 56 = 0 (x  1)(x  2) = 0

x = 1 or 2
4x2  21x + 28 = 0
 = (21)2  4(4)(28) Substitute x =  into (3).
= 7 y=12
<0 = 1

y=22 = 3
=0
∴
x = 1, y = 1 and x = 2, y = 0.
32.
30.
From (1), b = 5  2a .................. (3)
From (2), y = c  x ............. (3)
(a + 1)(5  2a  3) = 0
x2 + (c  x)2 = c2
(a + 1)(2  2a) = 0
x2 + c2  2cx + x2 = c2
a = 1 or 1
2x2  2cx = 0
Substitute a = 1 into (3).
2x(x  c) = 0
b = 5  2(1)
x = 0 or c
=7
Substitute a = 1 into (3).
y=c0
b = 5  2(1)
=c
=3
Substitute x = c into (3).
∴ The common solutions of the equations are
y=cc
a = 1, b = 7 and a = 1, b = 3.
=0
x = 0, y = c and x = c, y = 0.
33.
31.
From (2), y = 2k  x ..................... (3)

5p + 2(p2  4) + 11 = 0
2k  x = x2 + x  2
2p2 + 5p + 3 = 0
x2 + 2x  2  2k = 0 .................... (4)
(2p + 3)(p + 1) = 0
∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real
p= or 1 solution.
∴  of (4) = 0
Substitute p = into (1).
2  4(1)(2  2k) = 0
2
q= 4 + 8 + 8k = 0
8k = 12
=
k=
Substitute p = 1 into (1).
q = (1)2  4

25 Solutions
34. 2x2 + 6x + k = 0 ....................... (3)

Substitute (2) into (1). ∵ The simultaneous equations have no real
kx  3 = x  k
2 solutions.
x2  kx + 3  k = 0 ................. (3) ∴  of (3) < 0
∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real 62  4(2)(k) < 0
solution. 36  8k < 0
∴  of (3) = 0 8k < 36
(k)2  4(1)(3  k) = 0
k2 + 4k  12 = 0
(k + 6)(k  2) = 0 (b) ∵ The simultaneous equations have real
k = 6 or 2 solution(s).
∴  of (3)  0
35.
By (a), k  .
From (2), y = k  2x .................. (3) ∴ The required value of k is 4.

Substitute (3) into (1). (or other reasonable answers)
k  2x = x2  7
x2 + 2x  7  k = 0 .................... (4) Exercise 1C (P.1.35)
∵ The simultaneous equations have two real 1. (a) 2x  3 =
solutions.
2x2  3x = 2
∴  of (4) > 0
2x2  3x  2 = 0
22  4(1)(7  k) > 0
(2x + 1)(x  2) = 0
4 + 28 + 4k > 0
4k > 32 x= or 2
k > 8
(b) =4
36.
8x  2 = x + 4x  k
2
x2 + 12 = 8x
x + 4x + k  2 = 0 ................. (3)
2
x2  8x + 12 = 0
∵ The simultaneous equations have real
(x  6)(x  2) = 0
solution(s).
x = 6 or 2
∴  of (3)  0
42  4(1)(k  2)  0
16  4k + 8  0 2. (a) =1
4k  24
=1
k6
x(x  3)  8 = x  3
37. (a) x2  3x  8 = x  3
x2  4x  5 = 0
(x  5)(x + 1) = 0
k  x = 2x2 + 5x + 2k
x = 5 or 1

2x2  2 = 0
(b) = 5  2x
x2  1 = 0
6 = (5  2x)(x + 1)
(x + 1)(x  1) = 0
6 = 2x2  3x + 5
x = 1 or 1
2x2  3x + 1 = 0
(b) =1
(2x  1)(x  1) = 0
x= or 1 =1
4x + 9(1  x) = x(1  x)
3. (a) (x + 6) = 1 4x + 9  9x = x  x2
x2  6x + 9 = 0
(x + 6) = x (x  3)2 = 0
x = 3 (repeated)
(2 + x)(x + 6) = x
x2 + 8x + 12 = x
5. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
x2 + 7x + 12 = 0
(x + 4)(x + 3) = 0
u2  2u  8 = 0
x = 4 or 3
(u  4)(u + 2) = 0
u = 4 or 2
Since u = x ,
2
x2 = 4 or 2 (rejected)
x = 2
(b) (x + 1) = 4 (b) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.

(x + 1) = 4x u2 + 6u  7 = 0
(3  2x)(x + 1) = 4x (u  1)(u + 7) = 0
2x2 + x + 3 = 4x u = 1 or 7
2x2  5x  3 = 0 Since u = x ,
2
(2x + 1)(x  3) = 0 x2 = 1 or 7 (rejected)

x = 1
x= or 3
6. (a) x5 + 4x3  5x = 0
4. (a) =2 x(x4 + 4x2  5) = 0

x = 0 or x4 + 4x2  5 = 0
=2 Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.
x + 2 + 3x = 2x(x + 2) The equation x4 + 4x2  5 = 0 becomes
4x + 2 = 2x2 + 4x u2 + 4u  5 = 0

27 Solutions
(u  1)(u + 5) = 0 = 22
u = 1 or 5 5  2x + x2 = 4
Since u = x2, x2  2x + 1 = 0
x2 = 1 or 5 (rejected) (x  1)2 = 0
x = 1 x=1
∴ x = 1 or 0 or 1
(b) Let u = x3. Then u2 = (x3)2. 9. (a) Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2.
The original equation becomes The original equation becomes
u2  2u + 1 = 0 u2  5u + 4 = 0
(u  1)2 = 0 (u  1)(u  4) = 0
u = 1 (repeated) u = 1 or 4
Since u = x ,3
Since u = 2 ,x
x3 = 1 2x = 1 or 2x = 4
x=1 x = 0 or x = 2
(b) Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2 = 22x.
7. (a) Let u = . Then u2 = ( )2 = x. The original equation becomes
The original equation becomes u2 + 6u  16 = 0
u + 3u  10 = 0
2
(u  2)(u + 8) = 0
(u  2)(u + 5) = 0 u = 2 or 8
u = 2 or 5 Since u = 2 ,x
Since u = , 2x = 2 or 2x = 8 (rejected)
= 2 or 5 (rejected)
x=1
x=4
10. (a) Let u = 3x. Then u2 = (3x)2 = 32x.

(b) Let u = . Then u2 = ( )2 = x.
u2  7u  18 = 0
(u  9)(u + 2) = 0
u2  8u + 16 = 0
u = 9 or 2
(u  4)2 = 0
Since u = 3 ,x
u = 4 (repeated)
Since u = , 3x = 9 or 3x = 2 (rejected)
=4 x=2
x = 16 (b) 42x  4x + 1 + 4 = 0
42x  4  4x + 4 = 0
8. (a) =1 Let u = 4x. Then u2 = (4x)2 = 42x.
= 12 The original equation becomes
x2  3 = 1 u2  4u + 4 = 0
x2  4 = 0 (u  2)2 = 0
(x + 2)(x  2) = 0 u = 2 (repeated)
x = 2 or 2 Since u = 4x,
(b) =2

4x = 2 log3 x = 2
x = 32
x=
=9
11. (a) Let u = log x. Then u2 = (log x)2.

12. (a) log x + log (x  3) = log 4
log [x(x  3)] = log 4
u2  3u + 2 = 0
∴ x(x  3) = 4
(u  1)(u  2) = 0
x2  3x  4 = 0
u = 1 or 2
(x  4)(x + 1) = 0
Since u = log x,
log x = 1 or log x = 2
(b) log (x  4) + log (x + 4) = log 9
x = 10 or x = 100
log [(x  4)(x + 4)] = log 9
(b) Let u = log x. Then u2 = (log x)2.
∴ (x  4)(x + 4) = 9
x2  16 = 9
u + 6u + 9 = 0
2
x2  25 = 0
(u + 3) = 0
2
(x + 5)(x  5) = 0
u = 3 (repeated)
x = 5 (rejected) or 5
Since u = log x,
(c) log (x + 3) + log (x + 12) = 1
log x = 3
log [(x + 3)(x + 12)] = log 10
x= ∴ (x + 3)(x + 12) = 10
x2 + 15x + 36 = 10
x2 + 15x + 26 = 0
(x + 2)(x + 13) = 0
x = 2 or 13 (rejected)
(d) log2 (x + 1) + log2 (x  1) = 3

(c) Let u = log2 x. Then u2 = (log2 x)2.
log2 [(x + 1)(x  1)] = log2 23
∴ (x + 1)(x  1) = 23
u2 + u  2 = 0
x2  1 = 8
(u + 2)(u  1) = 0
x2  9 = 0
u = 2 or 1
(x + 3)(x  3) = 0
Since u = log2 x,
x = 3 (rejected) or 3
log2 x = 2 or log2 x= 1
x = 22 or x = 21
13. (a) Let u = sin . Then u2 = sin2 .
x= or x=2
(d) Let u = log3 x. Then u = (log3 x) .
2 2
2u2  1 = 0
u2 =
u  4u + 4 = 0
2
(u  2)2 = 0 u=
u = 2 (repeated)
Since u = log3 x,

29 Solutions
 = 90 or 270
When u = ,
When u = ,
sin  =
cos  =
 = 45 or 180  45
= 45 or 135  = 30 or 360  30
= 30 or 330
When u = ,
(b) Let u = sin . Then u2 = sin2 .
sin  =
u + u2 = 0
 = 180 + 45 or 360  45 u(1 + u) = 0
= 225 or 315 u = 0 or 1
(b) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 . When u = 0,
sin  = 0
3u  1 = 0
2
 = 0 or 180 or 360
u =
2
When u = 1,
sin  = 1
u=  = 270
When u = ,
tan  =
 = 30 or 180 + 30

= 30 or 210
When u = ,
15. (a) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .
tan  = The original equation becomes
u2 + 2u + 1 = 0
 = 180  30 or 360  30
(u + 1)2 = 0
= 150 or 330
u = 1 (repeated)
When u = 1,
14. (a) Let u = cos . Then u2 = cos2 .
The original equation becomes tan  = 1
2u2  u= 0  = 180  45 or 360  45

u(2u  ) =0 = 135 or 315
(b) Let u = cos . Then u2 = cos2 .
u = 0 or
When u = 0, 2u2  u  1 = 0
cos  = 0 (u  1)(2u + 1) = 0

u = 1 or =
When u = 1, (x (x  4) = 3x
cos  = 1 x2  x  12 = 3x
 = 0 or 360 x2  4x  12 = 0
(x  6)(x + 2) = 0
When u = ,
cos  =
18. Let x and x + 2 be the two numbers.
 = 180  60 or 180 + 60
log x + log (x + 2) = log 35
= 120 or 240
log [x(x + 2)] = log 35
∴ x(x + 2) = 35
16. Let x and x + 1 be the two consecutive positive
x  2x  35 = 0
2
integers.
(x  5)(x + 7) = 0
x=
x(x + 1) = 2 When x = 5, x + 2 = 5 + 2 = 7.
x +x=2
2
∴ The two numbers are 5 and 7.
x2 + x  2 = 0
(x  1)(x + 2) = 0
19. (a) =1
When x = 1, x + 1 = 1 + 1 = 2. =1
∴ The two consecutive positive integers are
3(x  2) + (x + 2) = (x + 2)(x  2)
1 and 2.
4x  4 = x2  4
x2  4x = 0
x(x  4) = 0
x = 0 or 4
17. (a) Time taken to Portion of the

paint the wall wall painted
(days) per day
Ivan
3
alone (b) =1
Andy
x =1
alone
Ivan =1
and x4
1 + 2(x  1) = (x + 1)(x  1)
Andy
2x  1 = x2  1
(b) =
x2  2x = 0

31 Solutions
x(x  2) = 0
u= or 3
x = 0 or 2
Since u = x2,
x2 = or 3 (rejected)
20. (a) =
x=
=
x(x + 3)  2(x  5) = 8x  2
22. (a) Let u = x3. Then u2 = (x3)2 = x6.
x + x + 10 = 8x  2
2
x  7x + 12 = 0
2
u2 + 16u + 64 = 0
(x  3)(x  4) = 0
(u + 8)2 = 0
x = 3 or 4
u = 8 (repeated)
(b) = Since u = x3,
x3 = 8
=
x = 2
(b) Let u = x3. Then u2 = (x3)2 = x6.
=
8u2 + 7u  1 = 0
(u + 1)(8u  1) = 0
x(x  3) + 6 = x + 3  (x + 3)(x  3)
u = 1 or
x2  3x + 6 = x + 3  (x2  9)
2x2  4x  6 = 0 Since u = x3,
x2  2x  3 = 0
x3 = 1 or
(x + 1)(x  3) = 0
x = 1 or 3 (rejected) x = 1 or
21. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. 23. (a) Let u = . Then u2 = ( )2 = x.
2u2  7u  4 = 0
2u2  3u  2 = 0
(u  4)(2u + 1) = 0
(u  2)(2u + 1) = 0
u = 4 or
u = 2 or
Since u = x2, Since u = ,
x = 4 or
2
(rejected) = 2 or (rejected)
x = 2 x=4
(b) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.

The original equation becomes (b) Let u = . Then u2 = ( )2 = x.
4u2 + 3u  27 = 0 The original equation becomes
(4u  9)(u + 3) = 0 2u2  7u + 3 = 0

(2u  1)(u  3) = 0 (b) 32x + 2  10(3x) + 1 = 0

32  32x  10(3x) + 1 = 0
u= or 3
Let u = 3x. Then u2 = (3x)2 = 32x.
Since u = ,
= or =3 32u2  10u + 1 = 0
9u2  10u + 1 = 0
x= or x = 9
(9u  1)(u  1) = 0
u= or 1
24. (a)  x = 5
=x5 Since u = 3x,
= (x  5)2
3x = or 3x = 1
x  3 = x  10x + 25
2
x  11x + 28 = 0
2 x = 2 or x = 0
(x  7)(x  4) = 0
x = 7 or 4 (rejected) 26. (a) Let u = 3x. Then u2 = (3x)2 = (32)x = 9x.
(b) 2x  =1 The original equation becomes

2x  1 = u2 + 24u  81 = 0
(2x  1)2 = (u  3)(u + 27) = 0
4x  4x + 1 = 2  x
2
u = 3 or 27
4x  3x  1 = 0
2
Since u = 3x,
(x  1)(4x + 1) = 0 3x = 3 or 27 (rejected)
x = 1 or (rejected) x=1
(b) Let u = 4x. Then u2 = (4x)2 = (42)x = 16x.
25. (a) Let u = 7x. Then u2 = (7x)2 = 72x.
u2  20u + 64 = 0
(u  16)(u  4) = 0
u2  56u + 343 = 0
u = 16 or 4
(u  49)(u  7) = 0
Since u = 4x,
u = 49 or 7
4x = 16 or 4x = 4
Since u = 7x,
x = 2 or x = 1
7x = 49 or 7x = 7
x = 2 or x = 1

33 Solutions
27. (a) Let u = 4 . The original equation becomes
x
u3=
(b) log (x2  9)  log (x  5) = log (2x  1)
u2  3u = 10
= log (2x  1)
u2  3u  10 = 0
(u  5)(u + 2) = 0
∴ = 2x  1
u = 5 or 2
Since u = 4x, x2  9 = (2x  1)(x  5)
4x = 5 or 2 (rejected) x2  9 = 2x2  11x + 5
log 4x = log 5 x2  11x + 14 = 0
x log 4 = log 5
x=
x=
= or (rejected)
= 1.16, cor. to 2 d.p.
(b) Let u = 5x. The original equation becomes = 9.53, cor. to 2 d.p.
2u + =3
29. (a) log2 (x2 + 3)  log2 x = 2
2u + 1 = 3u
2
= log2 4
2u  3u + 1 = 0
2
(u  1)(2u  1) = 0
∴ =4
u = 1 or
x2 + 3 = 4x
Since u = 5x, x2  4x + 3 = 0
5x = 1 or 5x = (x  1)(x  3) = 0
x = 1 or 3
x = 0 or log 5x = (b) log3 (4 + x )  log3 (7  x)  2 = 0
2
x = 0 or x log 5 =  log3 9 = log3 1
= log3 1
x = 0 or x=
∴ =1
x = 0 or x = 0.43, cor. to 2 d.p.
4 + x2 = 9(7  x)
x2 + 9x  59 = 0
28. (a) log (x  4)  log (3x  10) =
x=
=
= or
∴ =
x(x  4) = 3x  10 = 4.40 or 13.40, cor. to 2 d.p.
x2  7x + 10 = 0
(x  5)(x  2) = 0

(d) cos2   3 sin  cos  + 2 sin2  = 0
=0
1  3 tan  + 2 tan2  = 0
30. (a) sin2  = cos 
(tan   1)(2 tan   1) = 0
1  cos  =
2
cos  tan   1 = 0 or 2 tan   1 = 0
2  2 cos2  = 3 cos  tan  = 1 or tan  =

2 cos  + 3 cos   2 = 0
2
When tan  = 1,
(2 cos   1)(cos  + 2) = 0
 = 45 or 180 + 45
2 cos   1 = 0 or cos  + 2 = 0
= 45 or 225
cos  = or cos  = 2
When tan  = ,
(rejected)
 = 26.565 or 180 + 26.565
 = 60 or 360  60
= 26.6 or 206.6, cor. to the nearest 0.1
= 60 or 300
(b) 2 cos2  + 5 sin  = 5
31. (a) 2 cos  = tan 
2(1  sin2 ) + 5 sin  = 5
2  2 sin2  + 5 sin  = 5 2 cos  =
2 sin   5 sin  + 3 = 0
2
2 cos2  = sin 
(sin   1)(2 sin   3) = 0
2(1  sin2 ) = sin 
sin   1 = 0 or 2 sin   3 = 0
2 sin2 + sin  2 = 0
sin  = 1 or sin  = (rejected)
∴ sin  =
 = 90
(c) 3 sin2  + 8 cos   7 = 0 = or
3(1  cos2 ) + 8 cos   7 = 0
(rejected)
3  3 cos2  + 8 cos   7 = 0
 = 51.332 or 180  51.332
3 cos2   8 cos  + 4 = 0
= 51.3 or 128.7,
(3 cos   2)(cos   2) = 0
cor. to the nearest 0.1
3 cos   2 = 0 or cos   2 = 0
(b) + sin  = 0
cos  = or cos  =2
(rejected) + sin  = 0
 = 48.190 or 360  48.190
= 48.2 or 311.8,
+ sin  = 0
3 cos  + sin2  = 0
3 cos  + 1  cos2  = 0
cos2   3 cos   1 = 0

35 Solutions
= 38.2 or 141.8,
∴ cos  =
32. Let x and x + 1 be the two consecutive integers.

= (rejected) or
=
 = 180  72.376 or 180  72.376
= 107.6 or 252.4,
=
12(x + 1 + x) = 7x(x + 1)
(c) sin  tan  + cos  =
24x + 12 = 7x2 + 7x
7x2  17x  12 = 0
+ cos  = (x  3)(7x + 4) = 0
x = 3 or (rejected)
=
When x = 3, x + 1 = 3 + 1 = 4.
= ∴ The two consecutive integers are 3 and 4.
sin  = 4 cos2 
33. Let x km/h be Jack’s original cycling speed.
sin  = 4(1  sin2 )
4 sin2  + sin   4 = 0 Time needed
Speed (km/h)
(h)
∴ sin  = Original
x
speed
= or
New speed x+3
(rejected)
 = 61.980 or 180  61.980
=
= 62.0 or 118.0,
cor. to the nearest 0.1 =
(d) tan   2 tan  cos  + cos2  = 0
2
(tan   cos )2 = 0 =

tan   cos  = 0
180 = x(x + 3)
tan  = cos 
x + 3x  180 = 0
2
= cos  (x  12)(x  15) = 0

sin  = cos2 
∴ Jack’s original cycling speed is 12 km/h.
sin  = 1  sin2 
sin2  + sin   1 = 0
34. Let x hours be the time taken by technician B alone to
∴ sin  = repair the machine.
Time taken to Portion of the
= or (rejected)
repair the machine
 = 38.173 or 180  38.173 machine (h) repaired per

hour
=
Technician
4
A alone = $7
Technician
x
B alone
Technicians
A and B x2
together
= 36. From the question,
(4 + x)(x  2) = 4x 6 000(1.20.5t) = 10 000(0.4  1.440.5t)
x2  2x  8 = 4x 3(1.20.5t) = 2  5(1.440.5t) ................... (1)
x2  2x  8 = 0 Let u = 1.20.5t.
(x  4)(x + 2) = 0 Then u2 = (1.20.5t)2 = (1.22)0.5t = 1.440.5t.
x = 4 or 2 (rejected) Equation (1) becomes
∵ The time taken by technician B alone to repair 3u = 2  5u2
the machine is the same as the time taken by 5u2 + 3u  2 = 0
technician A alone to repair the machine. (5u  2)(u + 1) = 0
∴ Technician B alone does not take more time than u= or 1

technician A alone to repair the machine.
Since u = 1.20.5t,
35. (a) Let x be the number of pieces of glassware 1.20.5t = or 1 (rejected)
bought by the students originally.

log 1.20.5t =
From the question,
0.5t log 1.2 =
(x  2)  48 = 22
(x  2) = 70 t=
(x  2) x = 70x = 10, cor. to the nearest integer
(x  2)(48 + 3x) = 70x

37. From the question,
3x2  42x  96 = 70x
20 000(1  36%)t  11 000(1  20%)t = 3 000
3x2  28x  96 = 0
20  0.64t  11  0.8t  3 = 0 .......... (1)
(x  12)(3x + 8) = 0
Let u = 0.8t. Then u2 = (0.8t)2 = (0.82)t = 0.64t.
x = 12 or (rejected) Equation (1) becomes
∴ The required number of pieces of glassware 20u2  11u  3 = 0

was 12. (4u  3)(5u + 1) = 0
(b) Selling price of each piece of glassware u= or
Since u = 0.8t,

37 Solutions
2.
0.8t = or (rejected)
log 0.8t =
t log 0.8 =
t=
= 1.29, cor. to 2 d.p.
(a) Add the graph of y = 2x + 1 to the given figure.

38. From the question, R = 25.
x 1  1
25 = y 1 1 3
25(1 + tan2  ) = 80 tan   From the figure, the points of intersection are
25 tan2    80 tan   + 25 = 0 (2.0 , 3.0) and (2.0 , 5.0).
5 tan2    16 tan   + 5 = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations

are x = 2.0, y = 3.0 and x = 2.0, y = 5.0.
∴ tan   =
= or
 = 70.66 or 19.34, cor. to 2 d.p. (b) Add the graph of y = x to the given figure.
∴ The minimum value of  is 19.34.
x 4 0 2
y 4 0 2
Supplementary Exercise 1 (P.1.41)
1. (a) From the figure, the points of intersection are
(3.8 , 3.8) and (0.8 , 0.8).
(1.8 , 0.6) and (0.3 , 3.6).
are x = 3.8, y = 3.8 and x = 0.8, y = 0.8.
are x = 1.8, y = 0.6 and x = 0.3, y = 3.6.
(b) From the figure, the point of intersection is
3.
(1.5 , 6.0).
3  x = x2 + 1
is x = 1.5, y = 6.0.
x2 + x  2 = 0
(x + 2)(x  1) = 0
x = 2 or 1
y = 3  (2)
=5
y=31
=2

∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are x = 1 or 2

x = 2, y = 5 and x = 1, y = 2. Substitute x = 1 into (3).
y = 3(1) + 2
4. = 1
From (2), y = 3x  1 ........... (3) Substitute x = 2 into (3).
Substitute (3) into (1). y = 3(2) + 2
3x  1 = x  2x + 3
2 =8
x2  5x + 4 = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
(x  1)(x  4) = 0 x = 1, y = 1 and x = 2, y = 8.
x = 1 or 4
y = 3(1)  1
=2
y = 3(4)  1
= 11
x = 1, y = 2 and x = 4, y = 11.
5.
x(x + 4) = 12
x + 4x  12 = 0
2
(x + 6)(x  2) = 0
x = 6 or 2
y = 6 + 4
= 2
y=2+4
=6
x = 6, y = 2 and x = 2, y = 6.
6.
From (2), y = 3x + 2 ........... (3)
3x + 2 = x(x + 2)
3x + 2 = x2 + 2x
x2  x  2 = 0
(x + 1)(x  2) = 0

39 Solutions
7. Rewrite the given equation as:  = 42  4(1)(7)

= 12
Substitute (2) into (1). <0
11x  10 = x2 + 8 ∴ The simultaneous equations have no real
x2  11x + 18 = 0 solutions.
(x  2)(x  9) = 0 (c)
x = 2 or 9
From (1), y = 1  2x .............. (3)
y + 2 = 11(2)  10
x2 + 2(1  2x) = 3
y = 10
x2  4x  1 = 0
 = (4)2  4(1)(1)
y + 9 = 11(9)  10
= 20
y = 80
>0
x = 2, y = 10 and x = 9, y = 80.
solutions.

10. (a) =
=
2x  11 = x2 + 4x
x2 + 6x + 11 = 0 x2 = 2(4x  8)
 = 62  4(1)(11) x2  8x + 16 = 0
= 8 (x  4)2 = 0
<0 x=4
∴ x2 + 6x + 11 = 0 has no real roots.
(b) (x + 1) = 16
solutions. (x + 1) = 16x
(x + 7)(x + 1) = 16x
9. (a)
x2 + 8x + 7 = 16x
x2  8x + 7 = 0
x + 4 = x2  3x
(x  1)(x  7) = 0
x2 + 4x + 4 = 0
x = 1 or 7
 = 42  4(1)(4)
=0
∴ The simultaneous equations have one real
solution.
(b) (c) =3

x  1 = x2 + 5x + 6 x + 2(x + 1) = 3x(x + 1)
x2 + 4x + 7 = 0

x + 2x + 2 = 3x2 + 3x u = 2 or 4
2 = 3x 2 Since u = ,
= 2 or =4
x2 =
x = 4 or x = 16
x = 0.82 or 0.82, cor. to 2 d.p. (b) =6
= 62
11. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. x2 + 16x = 36
The original equation becomes x2 + 16x  36 = 0
u  6u  27 = 0
2
(x + 18)(x  2) = 0
(u  9)(u + 3) = 0 x = 18 or 2
u = 9 or 3 (c) x =0
Since u = x ,2
=x
2
= x2
x = 3 4(x  1) = x2
(b) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. x2  4x + 4 = 0
The original equation becomes (x  2)2 = 0
2u2 + u  3 = 0 x=2
(u  1)(2u + 3) = 0
u = 1 or 13. (a) = 8x
= 23x
Since u = x ,2
∴ x2  4 = 3x
x = 1 or
2
(rejected) x2  3x  4 = 0
x = 1 (x + 1)(x  4) = 0
(c) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4. x = 1 or 4
The original equation becomes (b) Let u = 5x.
2u2  3u  20 = 0 The original equation becomes
(u  4)(2u + 5) = 0 u2  7u + 6 = 0
(u  1)(u  6) = 0
u = 4 or
u = 1 or 6
Since u = x2, Since u = 5 ,x
x2 = 4 or (rejected) 5x = 1 or 5x = 6
x = 0 or log 5x = log 6
x = 2
x = 0 or x log 5 = log 6
x = 0 or x=
x = 0 or x = 1.11, cor. to 2 d.p.
(c) Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2 = (22)x = 4x.

12. (a) Let u = . Then u2 = = x.
u2  5u + 4 = 0
u2  6u + 8 = 0
(u  1)(u  4) = 0
(u  2)(u  4) = 0

41 Solutions
u = 1 or 4
u2 =
Since u = 2 , x
2x = 1 or 2x = 4 u=
x = 0 or x = 2
When u = ,
14. (a) Let u = log4 x. Then u2 = (log4 x)2.
The original equation becomes tan  =
u2 + u  2 = 0  = 57.688 5 or 180 + 57.688 5

(u + 2)(u  1) = 0 = 57.69 or 237.69, cor. to 2 d.p.
u = 2 or 1
When u = ,
Since u = log4 x,
log4 x = 2 or log4 x = 1
tan  =
x = 42 or x = 41
 = 180  57.688 5 or 360  57.688 5
x= or x = 4 = 122.31 or 302.31,
cor. to 2 d.p.
(b) log (x + 2) + log x = 1
log [(x + 2)x] = log 10 (b) Let u = cos . Then u2 = cos2 .
∴ (x + 2)x = 10 The original equation becomes

4u2 = 3u
x2 + 2x  10 = 0
4u2  3u = 0
x= u(4u  3) = 0
= u = 0 or
= 1 + or 1  (rejected) When u = 0,
= 2.32, cor. to 2 d.p. cos  = 0
(c) (log x)2  log x2 = 3  = 90 or 270
(log x)2  2 log x = 3 When u = ,
Let u = log x. Then u2 = (log x)2.
The original equation becomes cos  =
u2  2u  3 = 0  = 41.409 6 or 360  41.409 6
(u + 1)(u  3) = 0 = 41.41 or 318.59, cor. to 2 d.p.
u = 1 or 3
Since u = log x,
log x = 1 or log x = 3
x = 101 or x = 103
x= or x = 1 000
15. (a) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .

(c) Let u = sin . Then u2 = sin2 .
2u2  5 = 0

6u2  u  1 = 0 From the question,

(2u  1)(3u + 1) = 0
=
u= or
=
When u = ,
=
sin  =
20(2x  14) = x2 + 2x
 = 30 or 180  30
x2  38x + 280 = 0
= 30 or 150
(x  10)(x  28) = 0
When u = , x = 10 or 28
sin  = When x = 10, = .
 = 180 + 19.471 2 or 360  19.471 2 When x = 28, = = (rejected).

= 199.47 or 340.53, cor. to 2
d.p. ∴
16. (a) The required pair of simultaneous equations are 18. (a) Width of the original rectangle
(b) =
Width of the new rectangle

From (2), x = 10  y2 ............ (3)
Substitute (3) into (1). =
2(10  y2) + y = 5 (b) From the question,

20  2y2 + y = 5
(x  1) = 224 + 1
2y2  y  15 = 0
(y  3)(2y + 5) = 0
(x  1) x = 225x
y = 3 or (rejected)
(x  1)(224 + x) = 225x
Substitute y = 3 into (3). x2 + 223x  224 = 225x
x = 10  32 x2  2x  224 = 0
=1 (x  16)(x + 14) = 0
17. Let x be the denominator of the original fraction.

43 Solutions
19. (a) y = 3x  x2 + 1
x 1 0 1 2 3 4
y 3 1 3 3 1 3
y = 2x + 4
x 1 0.5 0
y 2 3 4
From the figure, the two graphs have no points From the figure, the points of intersection are
of intersection. (2.3 , 2.7) and (1.3 , 6.3).

∴ The simultaneous equations have no real ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations
solutions. are x = 2.3, y = 2.7 and x = 1.3, y = 6.3.

(b) y = x2 + 2x + 2 (c) y = x2 + x + 6
x  3 2 1 0 1 2 x 2 1 0 1 2 3
y 10 5 2 1 2 5 10 y 0 4 6 6 4 0
y=x+5 y = 3x + 10
x 4 0 2 x 1 2 3
y 1 5 7 y 7 4 1

From the figure, the point of intersection is 22.

(2.0 , 4.0). From (2), y = 1  x .............. (3)
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equation is Substitute (3) into (1).
x(1  x)  1 = (1  x)2  x2
x = 2.0, y = 4.0. x  x2  1 = 1  2x + x2  x2
x2  3x + 2 = 0
(x  1)(x  2) = 0
20.
x = 1 or 2
Substitute (2) into (1). Substitute x = 1 into (3).
x2 + (5  3x)2 = y=11
=0
x2 + 25  30x + 9x2 = Substitute x = 2 into (3).
y=12
10x2  30x + =0
= 1
4x  12x + 9 = 0
2
(2x  3)2 = 0 x = 1, y = 0 and x = 2, y = 1.
x= (repeated)
From (2), y = 4x + 3 ............. (3)

y=5
= 2x2  (4x + 3)2 = 3

2x2  (16x2  24x  9) = 3
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equation is
14x2 + 24x + 12 = 0
7x2 + 12x + 6 = 0
 = 122  4(7)(6)
21. = 24
From (2), x = 2y + 6 ............... (3) <0
Substitute (3) into (1). ∴ 7x2 + 12x + 6 = 0 has no real roots.
(2y + 6  8)(y  4) = 5 i.e. The simultaneous equations have no real
(2y  2)(y  4) = 5 solutions.
2y2  10y + 8 = 5
2y2  10y + 13 = 0
 = (10)2  4(2)(13)
= 4
<0
∴ 2y2  10y + 13 = 0 has no real roots.
solutions.

45 Solutions

From (2), y = x + 2 ............... (3) y=

3x2 + (x + 2)2 = 4 =
3x2 + x2 + 4x + 4 = 4 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are

4x2 + 4x = 0
4x(x + 1) = 0
x = 0 or 1
Substitute x = 0 into (3). 26.
y=0+2 Substitute (1) into (2).
=2 x(mx  1) = 1
Substitute x = 1 into (3). mx2  x  1 = 0 ................ (3)

∵ The simultaneous equations have no real
y = 1 + 2
=1 solutions.
∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are ∴  of (3) < 0
x = 0, y = 2 and x = 1, y = 1. (1)2  4(m)(1) < 0

1 + 4m < 0
25. Rewrite the given equation as: 4m < 
From (1), 2y = 2  3x
27.
y=1 ................. (3)

x + 1 = 2x2 + 3x  n
 9x = 2
2
2x2 + 2x  n  1 = 0 .............................. (3)
∵ The simultaneous equations have two real
9x  + 6  18x +  9x2 = 2
solutions.
9x2 + 9x  4 = 0
∴  of (3) > 0
(3x + 4)(3x  1) = 0
22  4(2)(n  1) > 0
x= or 4 + 8n + 8 > 0
8n > 12
y=1
=3

28.
=
16  kx = x2 + kx  8k =
x + 2kx  8k  16 = 0 ............ (3)
2
4(4  x) = (x  1)2
∵ The simultaneous equations have only one real
16  4x = x2  2x + 1
solution.
x2 + 2x  15 = 0
∴  of (3) = 0
(x + 5)(x  3) = 0
(2k)2  4(1)(8k  16) = 0
x = 5 or 3
4k2 + 32k + 64 = 0
k2 + 8k + 16 = 0 (b) =
(k + 4) = 0
2
=
k = 4
=
29. (a) ∵ The graph of y = x2 + 2x + k has two x-
intercepts.
=
i.e. x2 + 2x + k = 0 has two real roots.
∴ >0 4(2x2 + 2) = 17(x2  2x)
22  4(1)(k) > 0 8x2 + 8 = 17x2  34x
4  4k > 0 9x2  34x  8 = 0
4k > 4 (9x + 2)(x  4) = 0
k<1 x= or 4
(b)
Substitute (2) into (1). (c) =
x + 1 = x2 + 2x + k
=
x2 + x + k  1 = 0 ................ (3)
 of (3) = 12  4(1)(k  1)
=
= 1  4k + 4
= 5  4k (4x  2)(x  1) = 3(x  2)(3x  5)
∵ k<1 4x2  6x + 2 = 9x2  33x + 30
∴ 4k > 4 5x2  27x  28 = 0
5  4k > 5  4 (5x  7)(x  4) = 0
5  4k > 1 x= or 4
∵ >1
∴ The graphs of y = x2 + 2x + k and y = x + 1
do not have only one point of intersection.
30. (a) =

47 Solutions
31. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.

The original equation becomes (b) Let u = . The original equation becomes
9u + 5u  4 = 0
2
u+ =1
(9u  4)(u + 1) = 0
4u2 + 1 = 4u
u= or 1
4u2  4u + 1 = 0
Since u = x2, (2u  1)2 = 0
x2 = or 1 (rejected) u= (repeated)
Since u = ,
x=
=
(b) Let u = x3. Then u2 = (x3)2 = x6.
x=
8u2 + 19u  27 = 0
(c) Let u = . The original equation becomes
(8u + 27)(u  1) = 0
u+4=
u= or 1
u(u + 4) = 5
Since u = x3,
u + 4u  5 = 0
2
x3 = or x3 = 1
(u  1)(u + 5) = 0
u = 1 or 5
x= or x =1
Since u = ,
(c) Let u = x . Then u = (x ) = x .
3 2 3 2 6
= 1 or 5 (rejected)
x1=1
8u2  63u  8 = 0
x=2
(8u + 1)(u  8) = 0
u= or 8 33. (a) 32x  18(3x  1) + 9 = 0
Since u = x3, 32x  18 +9=0

x3 = or x3 =8
32x  6(3x) + 9 = 0
Let u = 3x. Then u2 = (3x)2 = 32x.
x= orx = 2
u2  6u + 9 = 0
32. (a) +x=5
(u  3)2 = 0
=5x
u = 3 (repeated)
( )2 = (5  x)2
Since u = 3x,
x  3 = 25  10x + x2
3x = 3
x  11x + 28 = 0
2
x=1
(x  4)(x  7) = 0

(b) Let u = 4x. Then u2 = (4x)2 = (42)x = 16x.

u2  17u + 16 = 0 Let u = 2x. The original equation becomes
(u  1)(u  16) = 0
2u + 6=0
u = 1 or 16
2u2  6u + 4 = 0
Since u = 4x,
u2  3u + 2 = 0
4x = 1 or 4x = 16
(u  1)(u  2) = 0
x = 0 or x = 2
u = 1 or 2
(c) Let u = 5x. Then u2 = (5x)2 = (52)x = 25x.
Since u = 2 ,
x
2x = 1 or 2x = 2
5u2 + 24u  5 = 0
x = 0 or x = 1
(5u  1)(u + 5) = 0
u= or 5 (f) = 36  3x
Since u = 5x,
= 36  3x
5 = x
or 5 = 5 (rejected)
x
x = 1 = 36  3x
(d) = 10 Let u = 3x. The original equation becomes
= 36  u
= 10
243 = 36u  u2
Let u = 4x. The original equation becomes
u2  36u + 243 = 0
(4 )u +
2
= 10
(u  9)(u  27) = 0
16u2 + 1 = 10u u = 9 or 27
16u  10u + 1 = 0
2
Since u = 3 ,
x
(8u  1)(2u  1) = 0 3x = 9 or 3x = 27
x = 2 or x = 3
u= or
Since u = 4x,
34. (a) log (x + 1)  log (3x2  5) = 1
4x = or 4x =
=
3 1
2 =2 2x
or 2 = 22x
∴ 2x = 3 or 2x = 1 ∴ =
x= or x = 10(x + 1) = 3x2  5
3x2  10x  15 = 0
(e) =0
x=
=0
=
= or (rejected)

49 Solutions
= 4.46, cor. to 2 d.p.
35. (a) tan  + = 2

(b) 2 log (x + 4)  log (x + 2) = 1
tan2  + 1 = 2 tan 
log (x + 4)2  log (x + 2) = 1
tan2  + 2 tan  + 1 = 0
= log 10 (tan  + 1)2 = 0
tan  = 1
∴ = 10
 = 180  45 or 360  45
(x + 4) = 10(x + 2)
2
= 135 or 315
x + 8x + 16 = 10x + 20
2
(b) 5 cos  + 2 sin  + 1 = 0
2
x  2x  4 = 0
2
5 cos  + 2(1  cos2 ) + 1 = 0
5 cos  + 2  2 cos2  + 1 = 0
x=
2 cos2   5 cos   3 = 0
= (2 cos  + 1)(cos   3) = 0
2 cos  + 1 = 0 or cos   3 = 0
= or
= 3.24 or 1.24, cor. to 2 d.p. cos  = or cos  = 3 (rejected)
(c) log2 (x  1) = 2 log2 (x  9)  2  = 180  60 or 180 + 60

log2 (x  1) = log2 (x  9)  log2 4
2
= 120 or 240
log2 (x  1) = log2 (c) tan  =
∴ x1= =
4(x  1) = (x  9)2 3 sin2  = cos  (2 + cos )

4x  4 = x2  18x + 81 3(1  cos2 ) = 2 cos  + cos2 
x2  22x + 85 = 0 4 cos2  + 2 cos   3 = 0
(x  17)(x  5) = 0
∴ cos  =
(d) log0.5 (x + 3)  log0.5 = 1 =
log0.5 = log0.5 2
= or
∴ =2 (rejected)
x+3=  = 49.353 7 or 360  49.353 7
(x + 3)2 = = 49.35 or 310.65, cor. to 2 d.p.
x2 + 6x + 9 = 4x + 24
x2 + 2x  15 = 0
(x  3)(x + 5) = 0

= 0.90, cor. to 2 d.p.
(d) 3 sin2  + 4 sin  cos   4 cos2  = 0

(b) log (102x  56)  x = 0
=0
log (102x  56) = x
3 tan2  + 4 tan   4 = 0 ∴ 102x  56 = 10x
(3 tan   2)(tan  + 2) = 0 102x  10x  56 = 0
3 tan   2 = 0 or tan  + 2 = 0 From (a),
x = 0.90, cor. to 2 d.p.
tan  = or tan  = 2
38. (a) (log x)2  4(log 2)(log x) + 3(log 2)2 = 0

When tan  = ,
(log x  log 2)(log x  3 log 2) = 0
 = 33.690 1 or 180 + 33.690 1 log x = log 2 or log x = 3 log 2
= 33.69 or 213.69, cor. to 2 d.p.
x=2 or log x = log 23
When tan  = 2,
x=2 or x = 23
 = 180  63.434 9 or 360  63.434 9 x=2 or x=8
= 116.57 or 296.57, cor. to 2 d.p.
(b) log2 x + 3 logx 2 = 4
=4
36. (a) y2  2y  3 = 0
(y + 1)(y  3) = 0
=4
y = 1 or 3
(b) Let y = x(x  2). Then y2 = [x(x  2)]2 = x2(x  (log x)2 + 3(log 2)2 = 4(log 2)(log x)
2)2. (log x)2  4(log 2)(log x) + 3(log 2)2 = 0
The original equation becomes From (a),
y2  2y  3 = 0 x = 2 or 8
From (a),
y = 1 or y=3 39. (a) Original number = 10x + y
x(x  2) = 1 or x(x  2) = 3 New number = 10y + x
x2  2x + 1 = 0 or x2  2x  3 = 0 From the question,
(x  1)2 = 0 or (x + 1)(x  3) = 0 xy = 35
x = 1 (repeated) or x = 1 or x = 3 and 10x + y  (10y + x) = 18
9x  9y = 18
37. (a) Let u = 10x. Then u2 = (10x)2 = 102x. xy=2
The original equation becomes ∴ The two equations are xy = 35 and x  y = 2.
u  u  56 = 0
2
(u  8)(u + 7) = 0
u = 8 or 7
Since u = 10x,
10x = 8 or 7 (rejected)
x = log 8

51 Solutions
41. Let x be the number of members of the club.

(b) From the question,
From (2), y = x  2 .......... (3)
= 25
x(x  2) = 35 =1
x  2x  35 = 0
2
(x  7)(x + 5) = 0 =1
=1
y=72 320 = x2  4x
=5 x2  4x  320 = 0
∴ The original two-digit number is 75. (x  20)(x + 16) = 0
40. (a) From the question, ∴ The number of members of the club is 20.
x + y = 500
2 2
and 3x + (x  y) + 3y = 100 42. Let x h be the time taken for the cyclist to finish the
4x + 2y = 100 journey by the longer route.
2x + y = 50 From the question,
∴ The two equations are x + y = 500 and
2 2
2x + y = 50. =4
(b)
=1
From (2), y = 50  2x ............. (3)
x2 + (50  2x)2 = 500
=1
x2 + 2 500  200x + 4x2 = 500
5x2  200x + 2 000 = 0 2x + 6 = 2x2 + x
x2  40x + 400 = 0 2x2  x  6 = 0
(x  20)2 = 0 (x  2)(2x + 3) = 0
x = 20 (repeated)
x = 2 or (rejected)
∴ It takes 2 h for the cyclist to finish the journey by
y = 50  2(20)
the longer route.
= 10
∴ Length of the longest side of the foundation
= (x + y) m
= (20 + 10) m
= 30 m

43. From the question, we need to find the value of x

when P = 0.
∴ 11 000(20.02x)  8 000(20.04x)  3 000 = 0
11(20.02x)  8(20.04x)  3 = 0 ..... (1) 45. Let x km/h be the speed of the ship.
Let u = 20.02x. Then u2 = (20.02x)2 = 20.04x. From the question,
Equation (1) becomes
= 37.5
11u  8u2  3 = 0
8u2  11u + 3 = 0 = 37.5
(8u  3)(u  1) = 0
= 37.5
u= or 1
1 680x = 37.5(x2  9)
Since u = 20.02x,
37.5x2  1 680x  337.5 = 0
0.02x 0.02x
2 = or 2 =1 5x2  224x  45 = 0
(x  45)(5x + 1) = 0
log 20.02x = log or x = 0 (rejected)
x = 45 or (rejected)
0.02x log 2 = log
Time taken for the ship to arrive at town B
x= = hours
= 17.5 hours
= 70.75, cor. to 2 d.p.
∴ The ship arrived at town B at 11:30 p.m.
∴ The machine can produce paint for 70.75
months.
46. (a) Let x minutes be the time taken for tap A alone to
fill up the tank.
44. From the question, H = 5.
From the question,
5 = 12 tan x  (1 + tan 2
=1
x)
25 = 60 tan x  9  9 tan2 x =1
9 tan x  60 tan x + 34= 0
2
=1
∴ tan x =
60x  750 = x2  25x
= x2  85x + 750 = 0
(x  75)(x  10) = 0
= or x = 75 or 10 (rejected)
x = 80.60 or 32.02, cor. to 2 d.p. ∴ The time taken for tap A alone to fill up the
∴ The maximum value of x is 80.60. tank is 75 minutes.
(b) Time taken for tap B alone to fill up the tank
= (75  25) minutes
= 50 minutes

53 Solutions
47. When n = 1, X = 5  105. 48. Substitute x = 3 into the equation 2x2 + ax  12b = 0.
5  105 = p(1.44) + q ................................... (1) 2(3)2 + a(3)  12b = 0
When n = 2, X = 5.88  105. 6  a  4b = 0 ......................... (1)
5.88  105 = p(1.44)2 + q ............................ (2) ∵ x2  ax + b = 0 has two equal real roots.
From (1), q = 5  105  p(1.44) ................... (3) ∴ =0
Substitute (3) into (2). (a)  4(1)(b) = 0
2
5.88  10 = p(1.44) + 5  10  p(1.44)

5 2 5
a2  4b = 0 .......................... (2)
(5.88  5)  105 = p(1.442  1.44) From (1), 4b = 6  a ............................... (3)
p=  105
a2  (6  a) = 0
Substitute p =  105 into (3). a2 + a  6 = 0

(a + 3)(a  2) = 0
q = 5  105  (1.44) = 300 000 a = 3 or 2
Substitute a = 3 into (3).
If X = Y, then
4b = 6  (3)
n1
(1.44) + 300 000= [6(1.2)
n
 2]  10 5
b=
(1.44)n + 3 = 6 2 Substitute a = 2 into (3).

4b = 6  2
(1.44)n + 3 = 5(1.2n)  2 b=1
Let u = 1.2n. Then u2 = (1.2n)2 = (1.22)n = 1.44n. ∴

The equation becomes
u2 + 3 = 5u  2 49. (a) From the figure, the y-intercept is 18.

∴ c = 18
u2  5u + 5 = 0
(b) y = ax2 + bx + c
5u2  18u + 18 = 0
=
 = ()2  4(5)(18)
= 36
=
<0
∴ 5u2  18u + 18 = 0 has no real roots.
=
i.e. The equation X = Y has no real roots.
∴ The polluted areas of the two districts will not ∵ The vertex of the graph is (3 , 0).
be the same at the end of a certain year. ∴ =0
18  =0

= 18 =
b2 = 72a
= 2b +
147 = 4b2  49b

4b2  49b + 147 = 0
(c) ∵ The vertex of the graph is (3 , 0). (b  7)(4b  21) = 0
∴ =3 b = 7 or
∴ b = 6a ................. (1)

From (b), b2 = 72a .............. (2) Substitute b = 7 into (3).
Substitute (1) into (2). a=

(6a) = 72a
2
36a2 = 72a =
a2  2a = 0
Substitute b = into (3).
a(a  2) = 0
a = 0 (rejected) or 2
a=
Substitute a = 2 into (1).
b = 6(2)
= 12 =
When a = and b = 7,
50. Area of △OAB =
the equation of the line L is
ab =
y=
ab =
2x + y  7 = 0
ab = ..................................... (1)
When a = and b = ,
The equation of L is
the equation of the line L is
=1
y=
=
y= +b
y=
∵ L passes through (2 , 3).
9x + 8y  42 = 0
∴ 3= (2) + b ∴ The possible equations of L are 2x + y  7 = 0
3a = 2b + ab ........................................ (2) and 9x + 8y  42 = 0.
From (1), a = .......................................... (3)

51. D
Substitute (3) into (2). From the figure, the points of intersection of the
graphs of y = x2  4 and y = x + 2 are (3 , 5) and

55 Solutions
(2 , 0).
=
(3 , 5) and (2 , 0). 24 = 3(8 + 2x  x2)
8 = 8 + 2x  x2
52. A x2  2x = 0
x(x  2) = 0
Substitute (2) into (1). x = 0 or 2
5  3x = x2 + x + 1
x2  4x + 4= 0
(x  2)2 = 0
x = 2 (repeated)
53. D
Rewrite the given equation as:
55. C
From (2), 2y = 3x  5 Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.

y= (3x  5) ....... (3)
u2  13u + 36= 0
(u  4)(u  9) = 0
(3x  5)  x + 3x
2
=1 u = 4 or 9
Since u = x ,2
3x  5  2x2 + 6x = 2
x2 = 4 or x2= 9
2x2  9x + 7 = 0
x = 2 or x = 3
(x  1)(2x  7) = 0
x = 1 or
56. C
Substitute x = 1 into (3). Let u = . Then u2 = ( )2 = x.
y= [3(1)  5]
u2  2u  35 = 0
= 1
(u  5)(u  7) = 0
Substitute x = into (3). u = 5 or 7
Since u = ,
y= = 5 or 7 (rejected)
x = 25
=
57. A
∴ y = 1 or
22x + 2x + 1  8 = 0
22x + 2  2x  8 = 0
54. B Let u = 2x. Then u2 = (2x)2 = 22x.
= The original equation becomes
u2  2u  8 = 0
=
(u  2)(u  4) = 0
u = 2 or 4

Since u = 2x,
hours to travel the same distance.
2x = 2 or 4 (rejected)
From the question, we have
x=1
61. D 62. B 63. E 64. D
65. D 66. B 67. D 68. C
69. B 70. D
58. C
Unit Test (P.1.49)
log3 (2x + 1) + log3 (x  2)= 1
1. Add the graph of x  2y = 6 to the given figure.
log3 [(2x + 1)(x  2)] = log3 3
x 3 2 
∴ (2x + 1)(x  2) = 3
y 1.5 2 3
2x2  3x  2 = 3
2x2  3x  5 = 0
(2x  5)(x + 1) = 0
x= or 1 (rejected)
59. A
4 cos2   9 cos (180 + ) + 2 = 0
4 cos2   9(cos ) + 2 = 0
4 cos2  + 9 cos  + 2 = 0 (1M)
Let u = cos . From the figure, the points of intersection are
The original equation becomes (2.8 , 1.6) and (0.7 , 2.6).
4u2 + 9u + 2 = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are
(4u + 1)(u + 2) = 0 x = 2.8, y = 1.6 and x = 0.7, y = 2.6. (1A+1A)
u= or 2 2.
Since u = cos , Substitute (2) into (1).

5x  9 = 4x2  7x (1M)
cos  = or 2 (rejected)
4x2  12x + 9 = 0
 = 180  75.522 5 (2x  3)2 = 0 (1M)
= 104.48, cor. to 2 d.p.
x= (repeated)
∴ The equation has 1 root.
60. B
When the speed of the car is (x  5) km/h, it takes

57 Solutions
3. 52x + 1  4(5x)  1 = 0
y=
5  52x  4(5x)  1 = 0
= Let u = 5x. Then u2 = (5x)2 = 52x.
∴ The solution of the simultaneous equation is
5u2  4u  1 = 0 (1M)
(1A) (u  1)(5u + 1) = 0
u = 1 or
Since u = 5x,
5x = 1 or (rejected) (1M)
x=0 (1A)
4. log2 (x + 1) + log2 (x  2)= 2

log2 [(x + 1)(x  2)] = log2 4 (1M)
∴ (x + 1)(x  2) = 4 (1M)
x x2=4
2
x2  x  6 = 0
(x  3)(x + 2) = 0
x = 3 or 2 (rejected) (1A)
5. 2 cos2 = 3 sin 
2(1  sin2 ) = 3 sin  (1M)
2 sin2  + 3 sin   2 = 0
(2 sin   1)(sin  + 2) = 0
2 sin   1 = 0 or sin  + 2 = 0
sin  = or sin  = 2 (rejected)

(1M)
 = 30 or 180  30
= 30 or 150 (1A)
6. (a) Let u = x2. Then u2 = (x2)2 = x4.

u2 + 3u  28 = 0 (1M)
(u  4)(u + 7) = 0
u = 4 or 7
Since u = x ,
2
x2 = 4 or 7 (rejected) (1M)
x = 2 (1A)

(b)  x= 2
=2+x
( )2 = (2 + x)2
(1M)
3x + 16 = 4 + 4x + x2
x2 + x  12 = 0
(x  3)(x + 4) = 0 (1M)
x = 3 or 4 (rejected) (1A)
7. D
I. From the figure,
d = y-intercept of the graph of y = cx + d
>0
k = y-intercept of the graph of y = ax2 + bx + k
<0
∴ d>k
∴ I must be true.
II. The graph of y = ax2 + bx + k opens downward.
∴ a<0
The graph of y = ax2 + bx + k has two x-
intercepts.
i.e. ax2 + bx + k = 0 has two real roots.
∴ >0
b2  4ak > 0
b2 > 4ak
< k (∵ a < 0)
∴ II must be true.
III.

cx + d = ax2 + bx + k
ax2 + (b  c)x + (k  d) = 0 .............. (3)
∵ The two graphs have no points of
intersection.
∴  of (3) < 0
(b  c)  4a(k  d) < 0
2
(b  c)2 < 4a(k  d)

∴ III must be true.
∴ I, II and III must be true.

59 Solutions
8. D
tan x =
tan2 x = 1 + tan x
tan2 x  tan x  1 = 0
∴ tan x =
= or
When tan x = ,
x = 58.282 5 or 180 + 58.282 5

= 58.28 or 238.28, cor. to 2 d.p.
When tan x = ,
x = 180  31.717 5 or 360  31.717 5

= 148.28 or 328.28, cor. to 2 d.p.
∴ The equation has 4 roots.
9. C
Let x be the original number of members in the group.
= 10
=1
=1
=1
120 = x(x  2)
120 = x2  2x
x2  2x  120 = 0
(x  12)(x + 10) = 0
∴ The original number of members in the group is
12.

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© Oxford University Press 2015

8. x2 + 3x  10 = 0 Instant Drill 2 (P.1.8)

= (a) Add the graph of y = 4 to the given figure.

Instant Drill 1 (P.1.7)

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Instant Drill 5 (P.1.16)

From (1), y = 3  3x .............. (3)

y 2 0 3 Rewrite the given equation as:

From the figure, the points of intersection are (1.0 ,

x = 1.0, y = 1.0 and x = 4.0, y = 2.0. x2  x(2)  3 = 4

Instant Drill 4 (P.1.16) (x + 1)2 = 0

Substitute (2) into (1). Substitute x = 1 into (3).

(x + 2)(x  1) = 0 ∴ The solution of the simultaneous equations is

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Instant Drill 8 (P.1.19) Substitute (2) into (1).

∴ The simultaneous equations have one real 16  4 + 4k = 0

© Oxford University Press 2014

Instant Drill 12 (P.1.23)

Instant Drill 14 (P.1.25)

=2 The original equation becomes

Instant Drill 15 (P.1.26)

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x4= log 3x = log 4

(x  4)2 = ( )2 x log 3 = log 4

Instant Drill 17 (P.1.27)

Since u = 2x, 0.2t log 1.5 = log

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Instant Drill 21 (P.1.30) The original equation becomes

Instant Drill 23 (P.1.31)

log + log 10 = log 1 (b) Let u = tan . Then u2 = tan2 .

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2 sin2   3 sin   2 = 0 ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations are

Instant Drill 26 (P.1.33)

 = 51.827 or 360  51.827

Instant Drill 27 (P.1.34) 3. Add the graph of y = x  2 to the given figure.

 = 31.8 or 68.8, cor. to 1 d.p.

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Instant Drill Corner 1.2 (P.1.19)

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∴ The simultaneous equations have no real x2 = 1 or 9 (rejected)

3. 4. Let u = 5x. Then u2 = (5x)2 = 52x.

2(x + 1) + (x  1) = (x  1)(x + 1) 6. log3 (x  6) = 2 log3 4  log3 x

2x + 2 + x  1 = x2 + 1 log3 (x  6) + log3 x = log3 42

x2 + 3x = 0 log3 [(x  6)x] = log3 16

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2. (a) From the figure, the point of intersection is

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x = 0.6, y = 1.6 and x = 1.6, y = 0.6.

8. Add the graph of y = x  5 to the given figure.

From the figure, the point of intersection is (1.0 ,

7. Add the graph of y = x + 1 to the given figure.

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solutions. ∴ The solutions of the simultaneous equations

From the figure, the point of intersection is

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From the figure, the points of intersection are

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From the figure, the points of intersection are

From the figure, the two graphs have no points of

© Oxford University Press 2014

From the figure, the point of intersection is