CHAPTER 5

STABILITY ENHANCEMENT

There are many factors that affects the power system transient stability. In
order to determine these factors, a power system that consists of one
generator connected to an infinite busbar through two parallel lines shown
in figure with the fault occurring on one of the lines will be consider. The
generator is represented by the classical model with the constant transient
electro-motive force E’ behind the transient reactance X’d while the
system is represented by a constant voltage Vs behind the equivalent
reactance Xs. The rotor angle represents the angle between E’ and VS. The
reactance of the transformer and lines L1, L2 are XT and XL, respectively.

L1
G T

~ F
(2-1)L2 ~
(a) Schematic diagram
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STABILITY ENHANCEMENT

X’d XT XS
XL

kXL (1-k)XL
E’ ΔxF VS

(c) Short circuit on one of the lines

X’d XT XS
XL

E’ VS

(d) One line operating

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STABILITY ENHANCEMENT
 CHAPTER 5
STABILITY ENHANCEMENT

The swing equation of the generator with damping neglected is given as

d 2 0
2
= ( Pm − Pe )
dt 2H
▪ Generator inertia: As can be seen from the equation and the figure, if
the inertia of generators increase, the rate of change in angle will
decrease. This reduces the kinetic energy gained during the fault. This
means that the acceleration area in figure is reduced. As a result, the
generator is more stable
→ Choose generators with higher inertia
▪ Fault clearing time: It is clear from the Figure that the higher fault
clearing time, the larger the accelerating area is. If the faulty element is
tripped too late, the accelerating area (Aacc) will be larger than the
decelerating area (Adec) and the generator is unstable.
→ Fast tripping the faulty element
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STABILITY ENHANCEMENT
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STABILITY ENHANCEMENT
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STABILITY ENHANCEMENT

▪ Influence of fault distance:

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STABILITY ENHANCEMENT

▪ Effect of the pre-fault load: The effect of the pre-fault load is

illustrated in figure. It is obvious from figure 3-4 that if the value of
Pm increases, the accelerating area will increase and the decelerating
area will reduce. This may leads to the generator instability
▪ To deeply understand the effect of the pre-fault load, the system
shown in previous figure is considered in two cases, before the fault
generator operating at load Pm1 and Pm2 = 1.5 Pm1
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STABILITY ENHANCEMENT

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 CHAPTER 5
STABILITY ENHANCEMENT

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