Introduction to probability (3)

: - The probability of an event

is the sum of the weights of all
sample point in therefore
0 P ( A) 1
P( ) 0
P (S ) 1
If A1,A2
exclusive events then
P( A1UA2 ,......... ,UAn ) P( A1 ) P( A2 ) ........ P( An )

Introduction to probability (3)

: If an experiment can result in any
one of different equally likely
outcomes and if exactly of these
outcomes correspondent to event ,
then the probability of event is
n
P ( A)
N
Introduction to probability (3)

1. A balanced coin tossed twice what is

the probability that at least 1 head
occurs.
Solution: The number of ways for this
experiment is (2 ) 4 ways. Then the
2

sample space is S {HH , HT , TH , TT } , =4

A {HH , HT , TH } The event of at least 1
head occurring =3.
n 3
P ( A)
N 4

Introduction to probability (3)

2. A die is loaded in such a way that an even
number is twice as likely to occur as an
odd number. If ( ) is event that the number
less than 4 occurs in a single toss of the
die.
1. Find P( )
The sample space is S {1,2,3,4,5,6}
Now we assign a probability of w to each
odd number and a probability of 2w to each
even number.
Then S {w,2w, w,2w, w,2w}, N= 9w.
Introduction to probability (3)
= {1, 2, 3} < 4
P ( ) = {w, 2w, w}
1 2 1 4
P(E )
9 9 9 9

b. Let be the event that an even number

turns up and let B be the event that a
number divisive by 3 occurs. Find
P ( A B ) and P( A B) .

Introduction to probability (3)

Solution: Event is {2, 4, 6}, event is
{3, 6}.
P( A B) {2,3,4,6}, P(A B) {6}
2 1 2 2 7
P( A B)
9 9 9 9 9

2
P( A B)
9
Introduction to probability (3)
3. A statistics class for engineers consists of
25 industrial, 10 mechanics, 10 electrics an
8 civil engineering students. If a person is
randomly selected by instructor to answer
the question. Find the probability that the
student chosen is:
a) An industrial engineering major.
b) Civil engineering or an electrical engineering.
c) Mechanics and electrical engineering.

Introduction to probability (3)

:
Let I: denotes for industrial engineering.
M: denotes for mechanics engineering.
E: denotes for electrical engineering.
C: denotes for civil engineering.
N:= sum of student at class room.
N = 25 + 10 + 10 + 8 = 53 students.
a. Since 25 of 53 students are majoring industrial
engineering. Then the probability of event I selecting
an industrial engineering major at random is:
Introduction to probability (3)
1.
25
P (I )
53

2. P(C )
8
53
, P(E)
10
53

Then the probability a civil engineering or electrical

engineering is:
8 10 18
P(C E) P(C ) P( E )
53 53 53

3. ( M E)
P( M E) 0

Introduction to probability (3)

4. In a poker hand consisting of 5 cards,
find the probability of holding 2 aces
and 3 Jacks.
: The total number of 5 cards
hands all of which are equal is

52 52! 52 51 50 49 48 47!
N 2598960
5 47! 5! 47! 120
 Introduction to probability (3)
And
5 5! 5 4 3!
n1 for aces 10
2 3! 2! 3! 2

5 5! 5 4 3!
n2 for Jaks 10
3 3! 2! 3! 2

Now there are

n n1 n2 10 10 100
hands with 2 aces and 3 Jacks

Introduction to probability (3)

Then the probability of getting 2 aces
and 3 Jacks in a 5 cards poker P(C) is

100
P (C ) 3.85 10 5

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