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Hypothesis Testing refers to statistically analyzing

data from a sample in order to make assumptions
about a population.
When we do this, we determine how much error is
associated with our sample data. We, then compate
the amount of estimated error with an acceptable
level of error.

Type of Hypothesis Testing

Null Hypothesis refers that no statistically significant difference exists
between the parameter and the statistic being compared. (H0)

Alternative Hypothesis refers that logical opposite of the null hypothesis. In

addition, it is a statistically significant difference does not exist between the
parameter and the statistic being compared. (H a or H 1)

An engineer measured the Brinell hardness of 25 pieces of

ductile iron that were sub-critically annealed.

The engineer hypothesized that the mean Brinell hardness of all

such ductile iron pieces is greater than 170. Therefore, he was
interested in testing the hypotheses:
H0 : u = 170 Ha : u > 170

The output tells us that the average Brinell hardness of

the n= 25 pieces of ductile iron was 172.52 with a standard
deviation of 10.31. (The standard error of the mean "SE Re n
Mean', calculated by dividing the standard deviation 10.31 a l- i o
by the square root of n = 25, is 2.06). The test statistic t* is li f e A p p li c a t
122, and the P-value is 0.117

If the engineer set his significance level o at 0.05 and used the
critical value approach to conduct his hypothesis test, he would
reject the null hypothesis if his test statistic t* were greater than
1.7109 (determined using statistical software or at-table)

Since the engineer's test statistic, t* = 1.22, is not greater than

1.7109, the engineer fails to reject the null hypothesis. That is,
the test statistic does not fall in the critical region." There is
Ex e insufficient evidence, at the a = 0.05 level, to conclude that
pla h
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the mean Brinell hardness of all such ductile iron pieces is
n a tio n o greater than 170.
P r o ble m

Conclusion Reflection
Therefore, the null hypothesis is Hypothesis testing is one of the most
important concepts in statistics because it is
not rejected. There is no how you decide if something really
significant difference between happened, or if certain treatments have
the sample mean and the positive effects, or if groups differ from each
other or if one variable predicts another. In
population mean. short, you want to proof if your data is
statistically significant and unlikely to have
occurred by chance alone. In essence then, a
hypothesis test is a test of significance