WAEC 2022

 Covers all the BASIC CONCEPTS in

Question 1 and 3
 Question 2 can only be access with
token as appreciation

SUCCESS ACADEMY (08028142457) 2022

pg. 1
 PRACTICAL 2022
PRACTICAL QUESTION 1

A. 2ocm G P

X y

W M

You are provided with a metre rule, knife edge, weighing balance, a set of masses, and other
apparatus. Determine the mass (m) of the metre rule
i. Suspend the metre rule horizontally on the knife edge, read and record the point
of balance G of the mere rule. Keep the knife edge at this point throughout the
experiment
ii. Using the string (thread) provided, suspend the object labelled W at the 20cm
mark of the rule
iii. Suspend a mass, M= 20g on the other side of G, and adjust the position of the
mass until the metre rule balances horizontally again
iv. Read and record the position P of the mass, M on the metre rule
v. Determine and record the distance, y , between G and P. Also determine the
distance, X , between W and G
vi. Repeat the procedure for four other values of M = 40g, 60g, 80g and 100g. In
each case, ensure that W is kept constant at the 20cm mark and the knife edge at
G
vii. Evaluate y-1 in each case. Tabulate your readings
viii. Plot a graph of M on the vertical axis against y-1 on the horizontal axis
ix. Determine the slope S of the graph
𝑆
x. Evaluate
𝑋
xi. State two precautions taken to obtain accurate results
B
i. State the principle of moments
ii. Define centre of gravity
iii. State the conditions for the equilibrium of a rigid body acted upon by parallel
forces

SUCCESS ACADEMY (08028142457) 2022

pg. 2
 iv. Explain how centre of gravity is related to the stability of the body

ANSWER TO QUESTION (1) PRACTICAL

Observation
M=
G =

vii.
S/N M(g) P(cm) Y(cm) Y-1(cm-1 )
1 20.0
2 40.0
3 60.0
4 80.0
5 100.0

vii. Graph
ix. Slope S = ∆M = M2 - M1 =
∆y-1 y2-1 – y1-1
𝑆
x. =
𝑋
xi Precautions
1. I avoided draught
2. I ensured that the suspended masses do not touch the table
3. I avoided parallax error when taking readings on the metre rule

B i. The principle of moment for a body in equilibrium states that, the sum of the
clockwise moments about a point is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments
about the same point
ii. The centre of gravity of a body is the point through which resultant weight acts
iii The conditions for which the equilibrium of a rigid body acted upon by parallel
forces are,
1. The sum of clockwise moments about any point is equal to the sum of
anticlockwise moment about the same point
2. The sum of then forces in one direction is equal to the sum of the forces in the
opposite direction
Iv A body is stable when it has a low centre of gravity

ALTERNATIVE WAY TO QUESTION (PRACTICAL) 1

10cm
A B

M
SUCCESS ACADEMY (08028142457) 2022
pg. 3
 You are provided with a inform mete rule, knife edge, weighing balance, a set of masses,
and other apparatus
i. Determine the mass(m) of the metre
ii. Suspend a mass, M = 20g by means of string attached to the mass hanger at 10cm from
A on the metre rule
iii. Balance the metre rule horizontally on the knife edge
iv. Determine and record the balanced point, P and the value of x, from the point where the
rule balance horizontal in equilibrium
v. Evaluate x-1
vi. Repeat the experimental for value of M = 40g, 60g, 80g and 100g respectively. In each
case, determine and record the value of x and x-1
vii. Tabulate your readings
viii. Plot a graph of m on the vertical axis from origin(0,0)
ix. Determine the slopes, of the graph
x. State two precautions taken to ensure accurate reading

PRACTICAL QUESTION 3

A. P L C Q

(J)

A
Battery Switch

You are provided with a potentiometer PQ, a Jockey (J), a standard resistor, R, and
other necessary apparatus.
(i) Connect a circuit as shown in the diagram above
(ii) Close the key, read and record the current I0 when J is not in contact with PQ
(iii) Let J make contact with PQ at C, such that PC=L=25cm. close the key, read and
record the current I0.
(iv) Evaluate L-1 ῼῼ
SUCCESS ACADEMY (08028142457) 2022
pg. 4
 (v) Repeat the procedure for four other values of L=40cm, 55cm, 70cm, 85cm.
Tabulate your readings
(vi) Plot a graph of I0on the vertical axis against L-1 on the horizontal axis.
(vii) Determine the slope S of the graph
(viii) From your graph, deduce the value of I0when L-1=0. Evaluate I0 / I
(ix) State 2 precautions taken to ensure accurate result

B.
(i) Explain what is meant by potential difference between two points in an electric
circuit
(ii) State any four factors that affect the resistance of a wire
(iii) Define e.mf of a battery (or cell)
(iv) A cell X e.mf 1.018v is balanced by a length of 50.0cm on a potential wire.
Another cell Y is balanced by a length of 75.0cm on the same wire, calculate the e.mf
of Y
(v) A piece of resistance wire of diameter 0.2m and resistance 7ῼ has resistivity of
22
8.8*10-7 ῼm, calculate the length of the wire (𝜋 )
7
(vi) State two sources of e.mf other than the chemical cell
(vii) State two reasons why the key in the circuit should be opened when readings are
not taken
ANSWER TO QUESTION 3
A. Observation
I0 =
E.M.F= 3.0v
S/N L(cm) I (A) L-1(cm-1)
1 25.0
2 40.0
3 55.0
4 70.0
5 85.0

vi. Graph of I on vertical axis and L-1 on the horizontal axis

∆𝐼
vii. Slope S= = I2 - I1
∆L−1
L2-1 – L1-1
Viii I when L-1 = 0
I=
I0
I
ix. Precautions
1. I ensured tight connections
2. I ensured the key was opened when readings were not being taken
3. I avoided parallex error while taking readings on the ammeter
4. I avoided zero error on ammeter while taking my readings

Bi. Potential difference between two points in an electric circuit is defined as the
workdone in Joules in moving a unit electric charge of 1coulomb (1c) from one point to
another.
SUCCESS ACADEMY (08028142457) 2022
pg. 5
 𝑊
i.e V =
𝑄

ii. Factors that affect the resistance of a wire are,

1. Length of the wire i.e R ∝ L
2. Temperature i.e R ∝ T
𝐼
3. The cross sectional area i.e R ∝
𝐴
4. Type or material or resistivity of wire

iii. Electromotive force (e.mf) of a battery or cell is defined as the work done in joules in
taking one coulomb of change round a complete circuit

iv. EX = 1.1018v
LX = 50.0cm
Ey = ?
Ly = 75.0cm
Using, E ∝ L
E= KL
𝐸
K=
𝐿
ie E1 = E2 OR E1 = L1 which is equivalent to Ex = Lx
L1 L1 E2 L2 Ey Ly

1.1018 55.0
= (cross multiply)
Ey 75.0
50 Ey = 1.1018 × 75
1.1018 ×75
Ey =
50
Ey = 1.6527v
ῼ 1.65v

v. diameter = 0.2m
𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑒𝑟 0.2
radius = = = 0.1m
2 2
radius (r) = 0.1m
R = 7ῼ
P = 8.8 ×10-7 ῼm
L =?
22
𝜋=
7
22 22 0.22
A=𝜋𝑟2 = × (0.1)2= × 0.01 = = 0.034
7 7 7
A= 0.0314m2
𝑃𝐿
Using, R =
𝐴
𝑅𝐴 7×0.0314
L= =
𝑒 8.8 ×10−7
0.2198
L= = 249,772.73
0.00000088
L = 249772.73m

SUCCESS ACADEMY (08028142457) 2022

pg. 6
vi. sources of e.mf are
1. Generator or dynamics
2. Photocells ( solar )

vii. Reasons key should be opened

1. To avoid running down of the battery
2. To avoid over heating resistance of the resistor

SUCCESS ACADEMY (08028142457) 2022

pg. 7