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THE PERFORMANCE OF HANDICRAFTS INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVE

SOCIETIES IN TAMIL NADU

Thesis · October 2018

DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.33302.19528

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 THE PERFORMANCE OF HANDICRAFTS INDUSTRIAL COOPERATIVE

SOCIETIES IN TAMIL NADU

Dr. E. Bhaskaran. B.E, M.I.E, M.B.A, Ph.D., C.E.,

Deputy Director of Industries and Commerce (Technical) (EDP),
Department of Industries and Commerce,
Government of Tamil Nadu, Guindy, Chennai-32, India.
E-mail: e.bhaskaran19@gmail.com

1. INTRODUCTION
Tamil Nadu have important place in the Handicrafts industry. Only very few areas
from Thanjavur, Madurai, Trichy, Tirunelveli and Kaniyakumari Districts have been
traditionally famous and engaged in Handicrafts industry. To protect the age-old traditional
handicrafts of Tamil Nadu and to improve the economic conditions of traditional artisans in
rural areas, handicrafts industrial cooperative societies have been organized throughout Tamil
Nadu. The handicrafts items include bronze icon, bell metal, Art plate, wall panels, wood
carvings, stone carvings, sculpture, musical instruments, toys, printed fabrics, bathik printing,
artificial diamond and Thanjavur paintings. At present, 14 handicraft societies are functioning
in Tamil Nadu and their performance are as follows:
Hence there is need for the study on the performance of Handicrafts Industrial
Cooperative Societies for the benefit of Government, Members and Workers.

2. LITERATURE SURVEY
The art of making images in bronze reached its most brilliant zenith in the Chola
Period. The Chola bronzes, acclaimed and treasured the over depict the fullness of the human
body and emotions. Made of mixture of metals like copper or brass often the alloy called
“Pancha Lauha” is used. [Gold, Silver, Copper, Brass and white lead] as shown in figure 1.
This process is still the traditional costing method with improvements for convenience. There
is one Society, exclusively for bronze icons at Swamimalai. In the Society, they are having
lot of collection of Bronze Icons, antique and polish pieces. The person to be contacted is
“the Special Officer, the Swamimalai Icon Manufacturing Industrial Cooperative Society
Ltd., Swamimalai.
 Figure 1: Bronze Metals

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

2.1 Art Plates

This exquisite art of embossed work is the result of skilful handiwork developed over
the generations. Made from copper and silver sheets, reliefs are encrusted on the plate,
depicting religious symbols and themes. Tanjore Art Plate work comes in a variety of shapes
as shown in figure 2. There is one Society, exclusively for this craft at Thanjavur itself. The
Society is functioning at “Sangeetha Mahal [Upstairs], Palace, Thanjavur.
 Figure 2: Art Plates

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

2.2 Thanjavur Paintings

Thanjavur Painting is a peculiar, ancient, miniature type of painting named after the
place Thanjavur. [Called Tanjore in English] Thanjavur district is famous for various arts
and crafts in which paintings are ranked high among the other arts like Thanjavur Toys,
Thanjavur Plates , etc. Its origin dates back to the Nayak and the Maratha Period in the 16 th
Century. Most of the paintings were of Hindu deities & saints as shown in figure 3.

Figure 3: Tanjore Paintings

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

2.3. Bell Metal Lamps
The Lamps are an explosion of creative expression in brass. A variety of them in all
shapes, sizes and forms are used in worship at home and temple rituals to celebrate every
festival in the calendar year. Kothu Villaku, Adukku villaku, Lakshmi Deepam and Sanku
Chakra Lamps are among the famous lamps as shown in figure 4. There is one society for it
at Natchiarkoil.

Figure 4: Brass Lamps

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

2.4 Thanjavur Musical Instruments
Music and dance played an important role in the life of Tamil Nadu. Thus, the making
of musical instruments became a major craft, here. Most of the centers for this craft are
situated around Thanjavur, which is also the hometown of many famous musicians of the
country. According to the Tamil classic, the Silappadikaaram, there's an ancient Tamil
instrument, the wooden Yaazh in the shape of boats, fishes, and crocodiles, which is similar
to the harp or lute. This instrument has been replaced by the more versatile Veena, made of
Jack wood. The various parts of this instrument are the kudam (pot), top plank, neck and
yaali. These are first assembled and a mixture of honey wax and black powder is applied to
the top plank. Then it is further processed for completion.
In Thanjavur, there are families that are into the trade of manufacturing Veenas etc.
for generations as shown in figure 5. Other musical instruments are the Thamburas with their
wooden bases, the flute or kuzhal-a wind instrument associated with Lord Krishna. There is
one society exclusively for this craft at Thanjavur.
 Figure 5: Music Instruments

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

2.5 Thanjavur Handicrafts Industrial Cooperative Society Ltd.

This Society has a sales show Room at Sangeetha Mahal [Up Stairs], Palace,
Thanjavur. Its elegantly designed showroom offers an exquisite collection of handicraft items
such as Thanjavur art plates, Thanjavur paintings, bronze from Swamimalai bell metals lamps
from Natchiarkovil, wood and stone carvings as shown in figure 6. Handicraft items from
other state are also sold here.

Figure 6: Wood and Stone Carvings

 Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective is
1. To Study the Physical and Financial Performance of Handicrafts Industrial Cooperative
Societies in Tamil Nadu.
2. To Study the Compound Annual Growth Rate and Descriptive Analysis of Handicrafts
Industrial Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu.
3. To Study the Correlation Analysis, Regression and Trend Analysis of Handicrafts
Industrial Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu.
.
4.METHODOLOGY
The methodology of the study is collection of the secondary data from Department of
Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu website and from references 1 to 13.
The data were analysed using Microsoft Excel under Data Analysis Software.

5. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
5.1 PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE
The Physical Performance like no. of societies of the Handicrafts Industrial
Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu is given in the figure 7.

Fig. 7: No. of societies

20
19
18
17
16
15
2008-09
2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2009-10

2010-11

2011-12

2012-13

No. of societies

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

Figure 1 shows the no. of Societies increased from 2005-06 to 2008-09 and becomes
constant from 2009-10 to 2010-11and from 2011-12 to 2012-13. For the year 2013-14(up to
30.12.13) there are 14 Handicrafts Industrial Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu. The
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of no. of Societies is -1.5%.
The Physical Performance like no. of members of the Handicrafts Industrial
Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu is given in the Figure 8.
 Fig.8 No. of members
2012-13
2011-12
2010-11
2009-10
2008-09
2007-08
2006-07
2005-06
1600 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100
No. of members

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

Figure 2 shows the no. of members increased from 2006-07 to 2009-10 and constant
from 2010-11 to 2012-13. For the year 2013-14(up to 30.12.13) there are 1895 members in
Handicrafts Industrial Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu. The Compound Annual Growth
Rate (CAGR) of no. of members is -1.7%.

5.2 FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The Financial Performance like Sales is given in the Figure 9.

Fig.9:Sales (Rs. in lakhs)

200
150
100
50
0
2009-10

2011-12
2005-06

2006-07

2007-08

2008-09

2010-11

2012-13

Sales (Rs. in lakhs)

Source: Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu

Figure 9 shows the Sales increased from 2007-08 to 2009-10 and constant from 2010-
11 to 2012-13. For the year 2013-14(up to 30.12.13) the sales turnover is Rs.167.84 lakhs.
The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of Sales is 0.44 %.
5.3 DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS
The Descriptive Statistics is given in table 1.

Table 1: Descriptive Statistics

Description No. of No. of Members Sales(Rs. In lakhs)

Societies
Mean 18.13 1922.25 161.02

Standard Error
Median 18 1891.5 172.295

Mode 19 1818 #N/A

Standard Deviation 0.83 110.67 22.63

Sample Variance 0.70 12248.79 512.18

Kurtosis -1.39 -2.19 -0.79

Skewness -0.28 0.32 -0.93

Minimum 17.00 1818.00 121.88

Maximum 19.00 2068.00 180.60

Sum 8 8 8

Count 145.00 15378.00 1288.15

Largest(1) 19.00 2068.00 180.60

Smallest(1) 17.00 1818.00 121.88

Source: Computed Data

As per the table 1 the skewness and kurtosis is between + or – 2.

5.4 CORRELATION ANALYSIS

The Correlation Analysis is given in table 2.
 Table 2: Correlation Analysis
Variables No. of Societies No. of Members Sales
(Rs. In lakhs)
No. of Societies 1.00

No. of Members 0.44 1.00

Sales (Rs. In lakhs) -0.32 -0.05 1.00

Source: Computed Data

Table 2 reveals that the relationship between no. of societies, members and the sales
turnover needs further improvement.

5.5 REGRESSION ANALYSIS

The Regression Analysis is given in equation 1.
S = 364.66 - 25.17 NS + 0.13 NM, p > 0.05. R2 = 0.40…………..(1)
Equation 1 states that for one percent increase in No. of Societies (NS) the sales
decreases which needs further improvement and for one percent increase in No. of members
(NM) the Sales(S) increases.

5.6 TREND ANALYSIS

The Trend Analysis for Sales (S), is shown in equation 2.
S = 136.58 + 5.43 T, p>0.05. R2 = 0.34……………………..….(2)
Equation (2) reveals that the average annual increase in sales is Rs.5.43 lakhs.
The Trend Analysis for No. of members (NM), is shown in equation 3.
NM = 2051.35 - 28.69 T, p > 0.05. R2 = 0.40 …………………...(3)
Equation (3) reveals that the average annual decrease in No. of members is 28 needs
further improvement.
The Trend Analysis for No. of Societies (NS), is shown in equation (4).
NS = 19.46 - 0.30 T, p < 0.05. R2 = 0. 76 …………………...(4)
Equation (4) reveals that the average annual decrease in No. of societies is one.
5.7 SWOT ANALYSIS
STRENGTH: There is more Strength for the Handicrafts Industrial Cooperative Societies in
Tamil Nadu due to availability of skilled labour for long time and many of them doing the
handicrafts as family business.
WEAKNESS: Weaknesses are lack of availability of latest technology / machines / dies in
handicrafts.
OPPORTUNITY: Opportunities are plenty where they can go in for domestic, national and
international market in wood and stone carvings / paintings etc.
THREATS: Threats is china where the cheap dolls are available. But the quality is very good
in these types of Handicrafts societies.

6. CONCLUSION
The performance of Handicrafts Industrial Cooperative Societies in Tamil Nadu is
studied. It is found that the no. of societies and the growth in no. of member’s needs
improvement. There is positive growth in Sales for one decade. These societies can adopt
cluster approach by getting fund under SFRUTI, Micro, Small Enterprises Cluster
Development Programme, where the infrastructure interrelationships, technology
interrelationships, procurement interrelationships, production interrelationships and
marketing interrelationships can be adopted. Due to this the cost of the production will be
reduced and profitability will be increased thereby quality Handicrafts can be made to
compete in the global market.

REFERENCES:
1. Website of Department of Industries and Commerce, Government of Tamil Nadu.
2. Policy Note of various years of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises Department,
Government of Tamil Nadu.
3. Performance Budget of various years of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises
Department, Government of Tamil Nadu.
4. Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) Package.
5. Website of District Industries Centre, Thanjavur.
6. Bhaskaran, E.,(2011) "The Technical Efficiency of Chennai Auto Industry Cluster,"
SAE Technical Paper 2011-28-0100, 2011, https://doi.org/10.4271/2011-28-0100.
 7. Bhaskaran,E, (2012), “Technical Efficiency of Automotive Industry Cluster in
Chennai”- Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, Springer, Volume
93, Issue 3, pp 243-49, July 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-012-0029-x

8. Bhaskaran,E, (2012), “Lean Manufacturing Auto Cluster at Chennai”, Journal of the

Institution of Engineers (India): Series C Springer India, Volume 93, Issue 4, pp 383-
390, October 2012, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-012-0035-z

9. Bhaskaran,E, (2013) “Sustainable Development in Indian Automotive Component

Clusters” Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C Springer, Volume
94, Issue 1, pp 81-84, January 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-012-0039-8

10. Bhaskaran,E,, (2013) “The Productivity and Technical Efficiency of Textile Industry
Clusters” Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, Springer, Volume
94, Issue 3, pp 245-251, July 2013, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-013-0073-1

11. Bhaskaran,E, (2014) “The Productivity Analysis of Chennai Automotive Industry

Cluster “Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, Springer, Volume
95, Issue 3, pp 239-249, July 2014, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-014-0120-6

12. Bhaskaran,E,.(2016) “The Quantitative Analysis of Chennai Automotive Industry

Cluster” Journal of Institution of Engineers (India): Series C, Springer, Volume
97, Issue 3, pp 357–373,July 2016, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40032-016-0255-8

13. Bhaskaran,E.(2017), " Study of CNSL Processing Plants Located in Cuddalore

District of Tamil Nadu, India", Journal of The Institution of Engineers (India): Series
A, Springer, Volume 98, Issue 1–2, pp. 115–120, June 2017
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-017-0191-5

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