INDIAN POLITY

Historical Background
 The company rules
o The regulating act of 1773
o Pitt’s India Act
o Charter Act, 1883
o Charter Act, 1853
 The crown rules
o GoI Act of 1858
o Indian Councils Act, 1861
o Indian Councils Act, 1892
o Indian Councils Act, 1909
o GoI Act, 1919
o Simon commission
o Communal award
o GoI Act, 1935
o Indian Independence Act, 1947

Making of the Constitution

 Demand for constituent assembly
 Composition of CA
 Working of CA
o Objectives resolution
o Changes by Independence Act
o Other fx performed
 Committees of CA
o Major committees
o Minor committees
o Drafting committee
 Enactment of constitution
 Enforcement
 Criticism
 Important facts

Salient features
 Length
 Sources
 Rigidity and flexibility
 Federal system with unitary bias
 Parliamentary form
 Parliamentary sovereignty and independent judiciary
 Integration and independence
 Fundamental rights
 DPSP
 Fundamental duties
 Secular state
 Universal adult franchise
 Single citizenship
 Independent bodies
 Emergency
  Three tiered govt
 Cooperative societies

 Criticism

Preamble
 Text
 Ingredients
o Source
o Objective
o Nature
o State
 So So Se De Re JLEF
 Significance
 As a part of Const.
 Amendability of preamble
 Referendum, initiative, recall, plebiscite

Union and it’s territories

 Union of states: 3 types
 Parliament and reorganization
 Evolution of states and UT
o Dhar commission and JVP committee
o Fazl Ali commission
 New state and UT
o Maharashtra and Gujarat
o Dadra and Nagar haveli
o Goa, Daman and Diu
o Puducherry
o Nagaland
o Haryana, Chandigarh and Himachal
o Manipur, Tripura, Meghalaya
o Sikkim
o Mizoram, Arunachal, Goa
o Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Uttarakhand
o Telangana
o J&K and Ladakh
o DDDNH
 Change in names

Citizenship
 Exclusive to citizens
 Constitutional provisions (4 + 3)
 Citizenship Act of 1955
 Acquisition of citizenship
o Birth
o Descent
o Registration
o Naturalization
o Incorporation of territory
 Assam accord provisions
 Loss of citizenship
 o Renunciation
o Termination
o Deprivation
 Single citizenship
 Overseas citizen of India
o PIO card scheme
o Registration
o Conferment of rights
o Renunciation
o Cancellation
o NRI vs PIO vs OCI

Fundamental Rights
 Seven original rights
 Features of FR (12 + 5*)
 Definition of State
 Laws inconsistent with FR
 19 quantifiable rights in subclauses
 Citizens only
 Foreigner and citizen
 Right to equality
o Significance
o Rule of Law
o Exceptions to equality
o Prohibition of discrimination
 Grounds for discrimination
 Public vs private
 Creamy layer
 3 exceptions
o Public employment and opportunity
 3 exceptions
 Mandal commission
 Mandal case
 GoI steps
o Abolition of untouchability
o Abolition of titles
 Right to freedom
o Six rights under 19