PASSIVE VOICE (Câu bị động)

I. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI TỪ CÂU CHỦ ĐỘNG SANG CÂU BỊ ĐỘNG

Active: SUBJECT + VERB + OBJECT

Passive: SUBJECT + BE + V-ed/3 + BY + OBJECT

II. CÁCH CHUYỂN ĐỔI HÌNH THỨC ĐỘNG TỪ CỦA MỘT SỐ THÌ

TENSES ACTIVE FORM PASSIVE FORM

Simple present Vo / Vs(es) Am / is / are +
Present continuous Am / is / are + V-ing Am / is / are + being +
Present perfect Has / have + V-ed/3 Has / have + been +
Simple past V-ed/2 Was / were +
Past continuous Was / were + V-ing Was / were + being + V-ed/3
Past perfect Had + V-ed/3 Had + been +
Simple future Will / shall + Vo Will / shall + be +
Future perfect Will/ shall + have + V-ed/3 Will / shall + have + been +

Note: - Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn đứng trước by + O; trạng từ chỉ thời gian đứng sau by + O
- Chủ từ là: + Đại Từ Nhân Xưng: I- You- We- They- He- She- It
+ Đại Từ Bất Định: someone, anyone, everyone, no one (_one=_body)
+ Từ: people  thì bỏ “by + O” trong câu bị động

- Một số ví dụ chuyển đổi từ câu chủ động (Active) sang câu bị động (Passive) theo thì:
1. They raise cows in Ba Vi.  Cows are raised in Ba Vi.
2. Ann is writing a letter.  A letter is being written by Ann.
3. They have just finished the project.  The project has just been finished.
4. Jame Watt invented the steam engine in 1784.  The steam engine was invented by Jame Watt
in 1784.
5. She was cleaning the rooms at 7 a.m yesterday.  The rooms were being cleaned at 7 a.m yesterday.
6. She had closed the door before she went out.  The door had been closed before she went out.
7. They will build a new school next month.  A new school will be built next month.
8. By 9 o’clock, we will have finished our work.  By 9 o’clock, our work will have been finished
9. My brother is going to repair my bike.  My bike is going to be repaired by my brother.
10. He shouldn’t park his car here.  His car shouldn’t be parked here.

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3. Bị động với câu có 2 tân ngữ: ( thường là 1 tân ngữ chỉ người và 1 tân ngữ chỉ vật).
Ex: We gave him a nice present on his birthday.
V O1 O2
 He was given a nice present on his birthday. ( He: O1-him)
 Cần thêm 1 giới từ (to hoặc for)
A nice present was given to him on his birthday.
- Một số động từ dùng với ‘to’: give, bring, send , show, write, post, pass ...
- Một số động từ dùng với ‘for’: buy, make, keep. Find, get, save, order ...
Ex1 : She didn’t show me this special camera.  This camera wasn’t shown to me.
Ex2: She is making him a cup of tea.  A cup of tea is being made for him.

4. Câu bị động với các động từ tường thuật:

Các động từ tường thuật thường gặp là: say, think, know, believe, ask, tell, promise, consider ..

believe… believed…
People say…  It is said…
suppose… supposed…
think… thought…

believed… believed…
People said…  It was said…
supposed… supposed…
thought… thought…

Ex1: People say that he is 110 years old

 It is said that he is 110 years old
Ex2: People thought that he stole $60.
 It was thought that he stole $60.

* Lưu ý: - Khi động từ (V) ở mệnh đề 2 ở các thì hiện tại hoặc tương lai thì dùng to Vo,
- Khi động từ (V) ở mệnh đề 2 ở các thì quá khứ thì dùng to have Ved/3.

Ex1: People say that he is 110 years old

 It is said that he is 110 years old
 He is said to be 110 years old.
Ex2: People thought that he stole $60.
 It was thought that he stole $60.
 He was thought to have stolen $60.

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