UNIT 4 - GRAMMAR PASSIVE VOICE

I. DẠNG CƠ BẢN: BE +V3/ed: bị, được

Ôn công thức bị động của các thì:
TENSE ACTIVE FORM PASSIVE FORM
- V/ Vs/es - am/ is/ are + V3/ed
Present simple (HTĐ)
- don’t/ doesn’t + V - am/ is/ are + not + V3/ed
- V2/ed - was/ were + V3/ed
Past simple (QKĐ)
- didn’t + V - was/ were + not + V3/ed
Present perfect (HTHT) have/ has + V3/ed have/ has + been + V3/ed
Past perfect (QKHT) had + V3/ed had + been + V3/ed
Present continuous am/ is/ are + being + V3/ed
am/ is/ are + V-ing
(HTTD)
Past continuous was/ were + being + V3/ed
was/ were + V-ing
(QKTD)
will/ would/ can/ could/ will/ would/ can/ could/ shall/
shall/ should/ may/ should/ may/ might/ must/
Modal verbs (ĐTKK)
might/ must/ ought ought to/…… + be + V3/ed
to/…… + V
- have to/ had to/ be - have to/ had to/ be going to/
Phrases (Cụm) going to/ used to + V used to + be + V3/ed
- be used to + V-ing - be used to + being + V3/ed

* Practice 1:
I. Use the correct passive voice:
1. Computers (can buy) CAN BE BOUGHT much more cheaply nowadays.
2. These cars (not, use) ARE NOT USED very often.
3. In my country, the wedding day (choose) IS CHOSEN by both of the parents of the groom
and bride. sự thật
4. Peter hopes he (invite) WILL BE INVITED to join the private club. He can make important
business contacts there.
5. The floor (not, clean) HASN’T BEEN CLEANED yet.
6. The national Curriculum (set) IS SET by the government and (must, follow) MUST BE
FOLLOWED in all state schools.
7. My brother likes reading the novels which (write) ARE WRITTEN by Hemingway.
8. All the arrangements for the journey (make) WERE MADE last night.
9. The house (paint) IS BEING PAINTED now.
10. This room (clean) HAD BEEN CLEANED before we returned home.

II. Change the following verbs into the passive form appropriate with the subject given:
1. Stole  The bike was stolen
2. Didn’t steal  The bike wasn’t stolen
3. Are destroying  The rain forest here is being destroyed
4. Have to widen  This street has to be widened
5. Haven’t just written  A letter hasn’t just been written
6. Had already towed  A small boat had already been towed

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 7. Does  The homework is done
8. Does not do  The exercises aren’t done
9. Cleans  The rooms are cleaned
10. Shouldn’t build  The houses shouldn’t be built
11. Used to treat  They used to be treated
12. Is going to offer  You are going to be offered
13. Did …..steal …?  Was the bike stolen......?
14. Do ……..tell…..?  Are they told....?
15. Have...........said…?  Has he been said?
Coâng thöùc chuyeån ñoåi caâu chủ động sang bò ñoäng:

ACTIVE: S V O + (verbial modifier) + (place) + (time)

PASSIVE: S+Vpassive+ (verbial modifier) + (place) + (by O) + (time)

verbial modifier: bổ nghĩa cho động từ

Examples:
1. The mechanic / is repairing / Judy’s car.
 Judy’s car is being repaired by the mechanic.

2. Helen / bought / an interesting book on science / at the bookshop /

yesterday. S V O place
time
 An interesting book on science was bought at the bookshop by Helen yesterday.

3. They / used to drink / beer / for breakfast / in England / years

ago. S V O VM place time
 Beer used to be drunk for breakfast in England years ago.

4. Should / they / help / Jane / with the sewing?

 Should Jane be helped with the sewing?

5. Where / did / they / hold / the 1988 Olympic Games?

 Where were the 1988 Olympic Games held?

 Notes:
 Vị trí O: đứng ngay sau V chính, thường là (cụm) danh từ hoặc đại từ tân ngữ như
him, her, it……
 Bỏ by me, by you, by her, by him, by them, by people, by someone, by somebody,
by nobody, by no one…..
 Động từ phải ở thể phủ định khi bỏ by nobody, by no one

Ex: No one has seen him since he left his house.

 He hasn’t been seen since he left his house.

*Practice 2: Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

1. The students are studying French and English at the library.
 French and English are being studied at the library by the students.
2. Nobody is going to finish that difficult work on time.

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 That difficult work is not going to be finished on time.
3. They build hundreds of beautiful buildings every year.
 Hundreds of beautiful buildings are built every year.
4. Scientists often use antibiotics to kill bacteria and stop infection.
 Antibiotics are often used to kill bacteria and stop infection by scientists.
5. His father made him tell the truth.  He was made to tell the truth by his father. Vbị động + TO V
6. The secretary had to arrange the appointment with the manager again.
 The appointment had to be arranged with the manager by the secretary again.
7. The farmer has prevented walkers from crossing the field.
 Walkers have been prevented from crossing the field by the farmer.
8. The employees may bring up this issue during the meeting.
 This issue may be brought up by the employees during the meeting.
9. Had they visited the castle before we arrived?
 Had the castle been visited before we arrived?
10. How many books did you buy yesterday evening?
 How many books were bought yesterday evening?

II. DẠNG CÓ 2 TÂN NGỮ: có 2 cách đổi sang bị động: lấy tân ngữ chỉ người hoặc lấy
tân ngữ chỉ vật ra làm chủ ngữ, vẫn áp dụng công thức dạng cơ bản.
Lưu ý: Khi lấy tân ngữ chỉ vật ra làm chủ ngữ, ta phải thêm giới từ TO trước tân ngữ chỉ
người. Nếu động từ là BUY, PAY thỉ thêm giới từ FOR.
Dạng có 2 tân ngữ trả lời được cho câu hỏi “ai” và “cái gì”
Ex: David gave me a French book last week.
 (Tân ngữ chỉ người) I was given a French book by David last week.
 (Tân ngữ chỉ vật) A French book was given to me by David last week.

*Practice: Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

1. They / have just lent / the villagers / a lot of money.
 The villagers have just been lent a lot of money.
 A lot of money has just been lent to the villagers.
2. Miss Kelly is teaching us English.
 We are being taught English by Miss Kelly.
 English is being taught to us by Miss Kelly.
3. We will give a full explanation to you tomorrow.
 A full explanation will be given to you tomorrow.
 You will be given a full explanation tomorrow.
4. His father left him a big fortune.
 He was left a big fortune by his father.
 A big fortune was left to him by his father.

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 III. DẠNG 2 MỆNH ĐỀ: có 2 cách đổi
Một số động từ thường dùng với dạng này: say, think, believe, report, suppose, expect,
know…
S + V + (that) + S’ + V’(chia thì)

Cách 1: It + Vpassive + (that) + S’ + V’(chia thì)

S + V + (that) + S’ + V’(chia thì)

Cách 2: S’ + Vpassive + to Vbare/ to have V3/ed

Ex: 1. People say that Peter is very good at Maths.

MĐ 1 MĐ 2
 (cách 1) It is said that Peter is very good at Maths.
 (cách 2) Peter is said to be very good at Maths.

2. They reported that the man lived in this house 2 years ago.
 (cách 1) It was reported that the man lived in this house 2 years ago.
 (cách 2) The man was reported to live in this house 2 years ago.

 Chuù yù: với Cách 2, khi động từ trong câu có 1 trong 2 dạng sau:
V thì hiện tại và V’ thì quá khứ
Hoặc V thì quá khứ đơn và V’ thì quá khứ hoàn thành
Thì ta dùng to have V3/ed
Các trường hợp còn lại dùng toV

Ex: 1. People say that Peter and David were in the army.

2. I thought that the fire had started at about 9 pm.


*Practice: Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

1. People say that she has ten children.
 (Cách 1)
 (Cách 2)
2. They think their child was killed in a fight.
 (Cách 1)
 (Cách 2)
3. Everyone knew that we had lived abroad.
 (Cách 2)
4. People don’t expect that the new party will win the election.
 (Cách 2)
5. People believed skillful workers were paid a full salary.
(cách 2)

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IV. DẠNG NHỜ BÃO VỚI HAVE/ GET (Causative form):
Thứ tự các thành phần phụ (nếu có) giống dạng cơ bản: verbial modifier + place + by O +
time Active: S + have + s.o + Vbare +
Ex: I had Peter repair my bicycle sthyesterday.
S + get + s.o + to V
 + sth
. I got Peter to repair my bicycle yesterday.


*Practice: Change the following sentences into the passive voice:

1. We have the postman deliver the letter to our house.

2. I had someone take care of my house when I was away.

3. My sister has had someone make a new dress recently.

4. We had them paint our house last week. 
* Mixed types: Change into passive voice:
1. We need much more water to produce the products.
Much more water
2. People think the government planned to build a new international airport.
It
The government
3. Nobody has expected us to offer him a job.
We
4. My parents will rebuild our kitchen next week.
Our kitchen
5. We believe that he has special knowledge which may be useful to the police.
It

He

6. They gave three teenagers an award for bravery last year.

Three teenagers
An award
7. The lady has somebody decorate her room beautifully.
The lady has
8. Peter is having his teacher correct the essay now.
Peter is
9. They built the Houses of Parliament in the nineteenth century.
The House
10. People reported that she had saved many boys from the terrible accident.
She
11. The teacher doesn’t allow me to take a seat by the window.
I
12. We saw Dr. Benson leave his office at six o’clock this evening.
Dr. Benson
13. Please tell the reporter to take my luggage to the station.
Please get my luggage

*Multiple choice:
1. Mr. Pike the most famous archeologist (nhà khảo cổ học) in our city.

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A. says to be B. is said to be C. is said that D. said to be
2. to be the richest man in the USA.
A. Bill Gates B. Bill Gates says C. Bill Gates is D. Bill gates is said
3. John went abroad and no one has seen him then.
A. he was not seen B. he has been seen C. he hasn’t been seenD. he has not been seen by no one
4. Have yet?
A. the letters been typed B. been the letters typed
C. the letters typed D. the letters been typing
5. by your father?
A. Did that book write B. Was that book written C. Did that book be written D. Was that book write
6. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend.
A. is going to be performed B. has been performed
C. will be performing D. will have performed
7. In the US, the first stage of compulsory education as elementary education.
A. is generally knowing B. is generally known
C. generally is known D. is known generally
8. Reagan an actor years ago.
A. is said to be B. was said being C. was said have been D. is said to have been
9. in that company?
A. Do shoes make B. Are shoes make C. Are shoes made D. Do shoes be made
10.It that learning a foreign language a lot of time.
A. says, is taken B. was said, was taken C. is said, takes D. is saying, has been taken
11.The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876.
A. is invented B. invented C. was inventing D. was invented
12.This car was manufactured .
A. in Japan by Toyota last year B. by Toyota last year in Japan
C. last year in Japan by Toyota D. in Japan last year by
Toyota 13.This work before five o’clock.
A. must be finished B. must finish C. must be finish D. must be finishing
14.These cups before we arrived.
A. are broken B. had broken C. have been broken D. had been broken
15.The town several times since the beginning of the war.
A. was attacked B. has been attacked C. has attacked D. had been attacked
16.The car by my father right now.
A. is mended B. is mending C. is mend D. is being
mended 17.Ellen had .
A. her paper written by David B. David written her paper
C. written her paper by David D. her paper write by David
18. Nobody tells us what to do.
A. We are told what to do by nobody. B. We are told what to do.
C. We aren’t told what to do. D. Us are told what to do.
19. His tricks won’t fool me.
A. Me won’t be fooled by his tricks. B. I won’t be fooled by his tricks.
C. I won’t be fooled. D. By his tricks I won’t be fooled.
20. Kathy had returned the book to the library.
A. The book to the library had been returned by Kathy.
B. The book had been returned to the library by Kathy.
C. The book had been returned by Kathy to the library.
D. The book had been returned to the library.
21. You must write the answers on one side of the paper only.
A. The answers must are written on one side of the paper only.
B. The answers are only written on one side of the paper only by you.
C. The answers must be written on one side of the paper only.
D. The answers on one side of the paper only must be written.
22. They didn’t look after the children properly.
A. The children weren’t looked after properly. B. The children weren’t looked after properly by them.
C. The children wasn’t properly looked after. D. The children weren’t properly look after.
23. John is said to have stolen the money.
A. It is said that John steals the money. B. It is said John stole the money.
C. People said John steals the money. D. People say John steals the money.
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24. They say he had a lot of money.
A. It was said that he had a lot of money. B. He is said to have a lot of money.
C. He was said that he had a lot of money. D. He is said to have had a lot of money.
25. The manager often has his documents sorted out by his personal assistant.
A. The personal assistant asked the manager to sort out the documents for him.
B. The manager sorts his documents out with the help of his personal assistant.
C. The manager usually asks his personal assistant to sort out his documents.
D. The manager often places his documents next to his personal assistant.

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