UNIT 4: THE PASSIVE VOICE

 FORM: Active: S + V + O.

Passive: S + Be + V3/ed + (by O).  BE: chia theo thì của V(A) và hợp với S (P)

1. Simple present:
Ex1: People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.
 A lot of money is spent on advertising every day.
S + am / is / are + V3/ed + …… + by + O
2. Simple past:
Ex2: Peter took this book yesterday.
 This book was taken by Peter yesterday.
S + was/were + V3/ed + …… + by + O
3. Present continuous:
Ex3: She is cleaning my room in the house.
 My room is being cleaned in the house.
S + am / is / are + being + V3/ed + … + by + O
4. Past continuous:
Ex4: The chief engineer was instructing all the workers of the plant.
 All the workers of the plant were being instructed by the chief engineer.
S + was / were + being + V3/ed + … + by + O
5. Present perfect:
Ex5: Mary has operated Tom since 10 o’clock.
 Tom has been operated by Mary since 10 o’clock.
S + has / have + been + V3/ed + … + by + O
6. Past perfect:
Ex6: My mother had written the letter before 1985.
 The letter had been written by my mother before 1985.
S + had + been + V3/ed + … + by + O
7. Simple future :
Ex7: Police will destroy these drugs.
 These drugs will be destroyed by police.
will / shall
S + Modals (must/ may / might /can) + BE + V3/ed + … + by + O

8. Near future:
Ex8: They are going to buy a car tomorrow.
 A car is going to be bought (by them) tomorrow.
S + am / is / are + going to + BE + V3/ed + … + by + O

 Notes:
- Bỏ “by me, by it, by us, by you, by them, by someone, by people….” trong câu bị động.
Ex1: People speak English all over the world.
 English is spoken all over the world. (bỏ by people)
- Nếu trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ NƠI CHỐN thì đặt trước By + O khi chuyển sang (P).
Ex2: The police found him in the forest.  Place + BY …
 He was found in the forest by the police.
- Nếu trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ THỜI GIAN thì đặt sau By +O khi chuyển sang (P).
Ex3: Mary is going to buy a car tomorrow.  BY… + Time
 A car is going to be bought by Mary tomorrow.
- Nếu túc từ trong câu bị động là sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng WITH + O thay cho By + O.
( phân từ thường là filled , packed , crowed , crammed)
Ex4: Smoke filled the room.
 The room was filled with smoke.
- Nếu động từ chủ động có hai túc từ, túc từ chỉ người được xử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex5: I’m writing her a letter
 She is being written a letter.
 A letter is being written to her.
 SPECIAL PASSIVE VOICE: (một số dạng bị động đặc biệt khác)
1. CAUSATIVE FORM: (thể sai khiến, nhờ vả ): HAVE , GET

Ex1: I have him repair my bicycle.

 I have my bicycle repaired.

Active: S + have/ has + Ongười + V0 +

Ovật
Passive: S + have/ has + Ovật + V3/ed

Ex2: I get him to repair my bicycle.

 I get my bicycle repaired.

Active: S + get + Ongười + to V + Ovật

Passive: S + get + Ovật + V3/ed

2. VERBS OF PERCEPTION: ( động từ chỉ giác quan):

Ex2: I hear him come in.

 He is heard to come in
Active:
make/ taste
notice
S + see / watch + O + V-bare
hear

Passive:
made/ tasted
noticed
S + be + seen / watched + TO-V-bare
heard

3.
Active: S1 + V1 + (that) + S2 + V2
(say / know / think / believe/ find / rumour)
Passive: - It + be + V13/ed + (that) + S2 + V2
- S2 + be + V13/ed + to- V2
to have + V23/ed (nếu V2 ở quá khứ)
 Ex1: People say that he is a famous doctor.
V1 V2
 It is said that he is a famous doctor.
 He is said to be a famous doctor.

Ex2: They rumour that he died in the battle.

V1 V2
 It is rumoured that he died in the battle.
 He is rumoured to have died in the battle.
Ex3 : They expect that the President will arrive soon.
V1 V2
 It is expected that the President will arrive soon.
 The President is expected to arrive soon.
4. Nobody , No one :
Ex1 : Nobody has ever seen a ghost . → A ghost has never been seen.
Ex2 : No one did anything to help me . → Nothing was done to help me.
5. Command (câu mệnh lệnh)
Ex1: Open the door, please! → Let the door be opened.
Ex2: Don’t open the door, please! → Don’t let the door be opened.
Ex3: Go out! → You’re asked to go out.
6. Tag-questions: (câu hỏi đuôi)
Ex : John wrote the letter , didn’t he ?
→ The letter was written by John, wasn’t it?
7. suggest , recommend , advise , propose , insist ....
Ex1 : They suggested opening the factory in the South .
→ They suggested (that) the factory should be opened in the South.
Ex2 : He advised building a new house .
→ He advised (that) a new house should be built.
EXERCISE
1. All bottles _____ before transportation.
A. frozen B. is frozen C. was frozen D. were frozen
2. Everything that _____ remained a secret.
A. had be overheard B. had been overheard
C. had been overheared D. would had been overheard
3. Everything _____.
A. were forbidden B. is forbidden C. is forbidded D. are forbidden
4. Everything_____.
A. are going to be forgotten B. is going to be forgotten
C. is going to be forgot D. were going to be forgotten
5. I_____.
A. have not given the money B. have not been given the money
C. have not been give the money D. have not be given the money
6. It _____ for years now.
A. has not been known B. had not been known
C. had not be known D. have not been known
7. It _____ that learning English is easy.
A. are said B. said C. is said D. is sayed
8. John and Ann______.
A. were not mislead B. were not misleeded C. was not misled D. were not misled
9. Our horses ______.
A. are well feeded B. are well fed C. is well fed D. is well feeded
10. Peter and Tom _____ in an accident yesterday.
A. is hurt B. is hurted C. were hurt D. were hurted
11. South Florida and HawaiI ______ by a hurricane.
A. is hit B. have been hit C. have are hit D. has been hit
12. The battles _____ for liberation .
A. had be fought B. had been fighted C. had been fought D. has been fought
13. We can’t go along here because the road______.
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repairs
14. The story I’ve just read______ Agatha Christie.
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
15. I’m going to go out and_____.
A. have cut my hair B. have my hair cut C. cut my hair D. my hair be cut
16. Something funny_____ in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
17. Many US automobiles_____ in Detroit, Michigan
A. manufacture B. have manufactured C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
18. A lot of pesticide residue can_____ unwashed produce.
A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found
19. We_____ by a loud noise during the night.
A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up
20. Some film stars_____ difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
21. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy_____ at.
A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed
22. Today, many serious childhood diseases_____ by early immunization.[ sự miễn dịch]
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
23. Do you get your heating____ every year?
A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked
24. Bicycles_____ in the driveway.
A. must not leave B. must not be leaving C. must not be left D. must not have left
25. Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony____ next weekend.[ Symphony: khúc giao hưởng]
 A. is going to be performed B. has been performed C. will be performing D. will have perform
26. All bottles_____ before transportation.
A. frozen B. were froze C. were frozen D. are froze
27. _________ yet?
A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters typed
28. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where_____ for
administration, broadcasting and education.
A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used
29. The telephones_____ by Alexander Graham Bell.
A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented
30. Lots of houses_____ by the earthquake.
A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroyed D. is destroyed
th
31. Gold_____ in California in the 19 century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered C. was discover D. they discover
32. The preparation_____ by the time the guest_____.
A. had been finished- arrived B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving D. have been finished- were arrived
33. The boy_____ by the teacher yesterday.
A. punish B. punished C. punishing D. was punished
34. “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon” - “They’ve already ______, sir. They’re on your desk.”
A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed
35. Sarah is wearing a blouse. It_____ of cotton.
A. be made B. are made C. is made D. made
36. They had a boy _____ that yesterday.
A. done B. to do C. did D. do
37. We got our mail _____ yesterday. [have/get sth done]
A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
38. James……..the news as soon as possible.
A. should tell B. should be told C. should told D. should be telled
39. My wedding ring _____ yellow and white gold.
A. is made B. is making C. made D. make
40. Mr. Wilson is _____ as Willie to his friend.
A. known B. knew C. is known D. know
41. References _____ in the examination room.
A. not are used B. is not used C. didn’t used D. are not used
42. Laura ____ in Boston.
A. are born B. were born C. was born D. born
43. His car needs ____ [sth needs doing= sth needs to be done]
A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed
44. Her watch needs _____.
A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B
45. My mother is going ____ this house.
A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell
46. There’s somebody behind us. I think we are ____.
A. being followed B. are followed C. follow D. following
47. Have you ____ by a dog?
A. bite B. bit C. ever been bitten D. ever been bit
48. The room is being ____ at the moment.
A. was cleaned B. cleaned C. cleaning D. clean
49. It ____ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected B. expected C. are expected D. was expected
50. It is ____ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported B. reports C. reported D. reporting
51. He was said ____this building.
A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed
52. Ted _____ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting B. got stung C. get stung D. gets stung
53. These tennis courts don’t _____ very often. Not many people want to play.
A. got used B. used C. get used D. get use
54. I’ll get Minh ____ this for you.
A. do B. done C. did D. to do
55. Those letters ____ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing B. needn't be typed C. need to type D. needn't typing
56. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_____ especially for me by a French tailor.”
A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made
57. Somebody cleans the room every day.
A. The room everyday is cleaned. B. The room is every day cleaned.
C. The room is cleaned every day. D. The room is cleaned by somebody every day.
58. People don’t use this road very often.
A. This road is not used very often. B. Not very often this road is not used.
C. This road very often is not used. D. This road not very often is used.
59. How do people learn languages?
A. How are languages learned? B. How are languages learned by people?
C. How languages are learned? D. Languages are learned how?
60. Over 1500 new houses _____ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _____.
A. were built/ were built B. are built/ were built
C. are building / were built D. were built/ were being built

ANSWERS

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20 21. 22. 23. 24.
25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36.
37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.
49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.