Unit 4: SCHOOL EDUCATION SYSTEM

LANGUAGE FOCUS
1/ Pronunciation: Stress in three-syllable words.
- 1st Syllable Stressed:
Most three syllable words (nouns, adjectives or verbs) are stressed on the first syllable. Three
syllable words terminating with the “-er”, “-or”, “ize”, “ful”, “al”, “-ly” or “-y” are generally
stressed on the first syllable.
Examples: bachelor, energy, finally, unify, hospital, general, organize, modernize, beautiful,
colourful, …
- 2nd Syllable Stressed:
Words ending with “-tion”, “-sion”, “-ic”, “-al” or “sive”
Examples: consumption, revision, denial, betrayal, decisive, offensive, terrific, specific, …
- 3rd Syllable Stressed:
Words with the following suffixes have the stress on the final syllable (the suffix): “-ee”, “-eer”,
“-ese”, “esque”.
Examples: Vietnamese, Japanese, employee, referee, attendee, engineer, picturesque,
statuesque, …
2/ Grammar: Passive voice

i nt i n S + V(s/es) + O S + am/is/are + V3/ed

i n t i ti p di n S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + V3/ed

i n t i ho n th nh S + have/has + V3/ed + O S + have/has + been + V3/ed

u kh n S + V2/ed + O S + was/were + V3/ed

u kh ti p di n S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + V3/ed

u kh ho n th nh S + had + V3/ed + O S + had + been + V3/ed

Tư ng lai n S + will + V + O S + will + be + V3/ed

Tư ng lai ho n th nh S + will + have + V3/ed + O S + will + have + been + V3/ed

Tư ng lai g n S + am/is/are going to + V + O S + am/is/are going to + be +

V3/ed
 ng t khuy t thi u S + Modal verb + V + O S + Modal verb + be + V3/ed
(modal verbs)

⁕⁕ Các dạng trong câu bị động:

. ng v i nh ng ng t c t n ng :
ts ng t ư c theo sau n b i hai t n ng như: give ( ưa), lend (cho
mư n), send (g i), show (ch ), buy (mua), make (l m), get (cho), … th ta s c c ub ng.
Ex: I gave him an apple.
O1 O2
➤An apple was given to him.
➤He was given an apple.
Ex: He sends his relative letters.
➤His relative is sent letters.
➤Letters are sent to his relative .
2. Thể b ng của c c ng t tường thuật
C c ng t tường thuật gồm: assume, believe, claim, consider, expect, feel, find, know, report,
say, …
S: chủ ng ; S': Chủ ng b ng
O: Tân ng ; O': Tân ng b ng

Câu chủ ng Câu b ng Ví dụ

S + V + THAT + S' + Cách 1: S' + be + V3/-ed People say that he is very rich.
V' + … + to V'/ to have + V‟3/-ed → e is said to be very rich.
They believed that the director had
made the right decision.
→ The director was believed to have
made the right decision.

Cách 2: It + be + V3/-ed People say that he is very rich.

+ THAT + S' + V' → It's said that he is very rich.
They believed that the director had
made the right decision.
 → It was believed that the director
had made the right decision.

3. Câu nhờ vả

Câu chủ ng Câu b ng Ví dụ

… have + someone + … have + something + Thomas has his son buy a cup of
V (bare) + something V3/-ed (+ by someone) coffee.
→ Thomas has a cup of
coffee bought by his son.
(Thomas nhờ con trai mua 1 c c cà
phê)

… get + someone + to … get + something + Shally gets her husband to clean the
V + something V3/-ed + (by someone) kitchen for her.
→ Shally gets the kitchen cleaned by
her husband.
(Shally nhờ chồng dọn giúp nhà b p)

. ng v i c c ng t ch gi c quan
C c ng t gi c quan l c c ng t ch nhận th c của con người như: see (nh n), hear (nghe),
watch (xem), look (nh n), notice (nhận th y), ….

Câu chủ ng Câu b ng Ví dụ

S + V + O + Ving S + be + V3/-ed + V-ing He saw them playing football.

→ They were seen playing football.

S+V+O+V S + be + V3/-ed + to V I heard her cry.

→ She was heard to cry.
5. B ng v i to-infinitive:

Câu chủ ng Câu b ng Ví dụ

S + V + O‟ + to V + O S + V + to be + V3/-ed (+ I want a tutor to teach me.

by O‟) → I want to be taught by a tutor.

S + V + O1 + to V + O2 S + V + O2 + to be + V3/- He asked a mechanic to repair his car

ed (+by O1) → He asked his car to be repaired by
a mechanic.

6. B ng v i V-ing:

Câu chủ ng Câu b ng Ví dụ

S + V + + O + V-ing S + V + being + V3/-ed She remember her parents taking her

to the zoo.
(+ by O)
→ She remember being taken to the
zoo by her parents.

EXERCISES:
Choose the correct answer.
. We can‟t go along here because the road _____.
A. is repairing B. is repaired C. is being repaired D. repaires
. The story I‟ve just read _____ Agatha Christie.
A. was written B. was written by C. was written from D. wrote by
3. Why don‟t you have your brother _____ the roof?
A. repairs B. repair C. repaired D. to repair
4. The man died because medical help was not summoned. A doctor should _____.
A. be have called B. been called C. be called D. have been called
5. Something funny _____ in class yesterday.
A. happened B. was happened C. happens D. is happened
6. Many US automobiles _____ in Detroit, Michigan.
A. manufacture B. have manufactured
C. are manufactured D. are manufacturing
7. A lot of pesticide residue can _____ on unwashed produce.
A. find B. found C. be finding D. be found
8. We _____ by a loud noise during the night.
A. woke up B. are woken up C. were woken up D. were waking up
9. ow did that window _____? ~ I don‟t know.
A. get broken B. broke C. got broken D. broken
10. Some film stars _____ difficult to work with.
A. are said be B. are said to be C. say to be D. said to be
11. Last night a tornado swept through Rockville. It _____ everything in its path.
A. destroyed B. was destroyed
C. was being destroyed D. has been destroyed
12. Vitamin C _____ by the human body. It gets into blood stream quickly.
A. absorbs easily B. is easily absorbing
C. is easily absorbed D. absorbed easily
3. Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? I don‟t enjoy _____ at.
A. be laughed B. to be laughed C. laughing D. being laughed
14. John _____ last week.
A. had his house painted B. had painted his house
C. had his father to paint D. had his house paint
15. Today, many serious childhood diseases _____ by early immunization.
A. are preventing B. can prevent C. prevent D. can be prevented
6. „_____ about the eight o‟clock flight to Chicago?‟ „Not yet.‟
A. Has been an announcement made B. Has an announcement made
C. Has an announcement been made D. Has been made an announcement
7. „ as the commitee made its decision yet?‟
„Not yet. They are still _____ the proposal.‟
A. considering B. been considered C. being considered D. considered
18. I might watch this programme. It _____ very funny.
A. supposes to be B. is supposed being
C. is supposed to be D. was supposed be
19. Do you get your heating _____ every year?
A. checking B. check C. be checked D. checked
20. Claude Jennings is said _____ his memory.
A. to have been lost B. to be lost C. to have lost D. to lose
21. All bottles _________ before transportation.
A. frozen B. is frozen C. was frozen D. were frozen

22. When you are on duty, your uniform must ______ at all times.

A. wear B. be wear C. be worn D. be wearing

23. The profits are supposed ______ among the shareholders.

A. to divide B. to be divided C. dividing D. being divided

24. Everything___________________________.
A. are going to be forgotten B. is going to be forgotten
C. is going to be forgot D. were going to be forgotten
25. I___________________________.
A. have not given the money B. have not been given the money
C. have not been give the money D. have not be given the money
26. It _______ for years.
A. has not been known B. had not been known
C. had not be known D. have not been known
27. It _________ that learning English is easy.
A. are said B. said C. is said D. is saying

28. After the test papers _________ to the students in class tomorrow, the students _________
their next assignment.

A. will return – will be given B. will be returned – are given

C. are returning – are giving D. are returned – will be given

29. The class for next semester is too large. It ought to _________ in half.

A. be divided B. divide C. have divided D. have been divided

30. Peter and Tom _________ in an accident yesterday.

A. is hurt B. hurt C. were hurt D. have been hurt
31. South Florida and Hawaii _________ by a hurricane.
A. is hit B. have been hit C. have hit D. has been hit

32. The entire valley can …………………. from their mountain home.

A. see B. be seen C. be seeing D. have seen

33. Bicycles_________ in the driveway.

A. must not leave B. must not be leaving C. must not be left D. must not have left
34. eethoven‟s Fifth Symphony_________ next weekend.
A. is going to be performed B. has been performed
C. will be performing D. will have perform
35. ______________________yet?
A. Have the letters been typed B. Have been the letters typed
C. Have the letters typed D. Had the letters been typed
36. English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where
_________ for administration, broadcasting and education.
A. is used B. it is used C. used D. being used
37. The telephones_________ by Alexander Graham Bell.
A. is invented B. is inventing C. invented D. was invented
38. Lots of houses_________ by the earthquake.
A. are destroying B. destroyed C. were destroyed D. have destroyed
th
39. Gold_________ in California in the 19 century.
A. was discovered B. has been discovered
C. was discover D. they discover
40. The preparation_________ by the time the guest_________
A. had been finished- arrived B. have finished- arrived
C. had finished-were arriving D. have been finished- were arrived

41. These books will have to _________ to the library tomorrow.

A. return B. have returned C. being returned D. be returned

42. “ s Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They‟ve already ______, sir. They‟re
on your desk.”
A. typed B. been being typed C. being typed D. been typed

43. The rescuers _________ for their bravery and fortitude in locating the lost mountain
climbers.

A. were praised B. praised C. were praising D. was praised

44. They had a boy _________ that yesterday.

A. done B. to do C. did D. do
45. We got our mail _________ yesterday.
A. been delivered B. delivered C. delivering D. to deliver
46. Mr. Wilson is _________ as Willie to his friend.
A. known B. knew C. knowing D. know
47. References _________ in the examination room.
A. aren‟t using B. is not used C. didn‟t use D. are not used
48. His car needs _________
A. be fixed B. fixing C. to be fixing D. fixed
49. Her watch needs _________.
A. repairing B. to be repaired C. repaired D. A and B
50. My mother is going _________ this house.
A. sold B. sell C. to be sold D. to sell
51. There‟s somebody behind us. I think we _________.
A. are being followed B. are followed
C. be followed D. are following
52. The room _________ at the moment.
A. was cleaned B. is being cleaned C. was being cleaned D. was cleaning
53. It _________ that the strike will end soon.
A. is expected B. expected C. expects D. was expected
54. It _________ that many people are homeless after the floods.
A. was reported B. reports C. is reported D. reporting
55. He was said _________ this building.
A. designing B. to have designed C. to design D. designed
56. Ted _________ by a bee while he was sitting in the garden.
A. got sting B. got stung C. were stung D. gets stung
57. These tennis courts don‟t _________ very often. Not many people want to play.
A. got used B. used C. get used D. get use
58. I‟ll get inh _________ this for you.
A. do B. done C. did D. to do
58. Those letters _________ now. You can do the typing later.
A. need typing B. needn't be typed C. need to type D. needn't typing
59. “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it_________ especially for me by a
French tailor.”
A. is made B. has made C. made D. was made
60. Over 1500 new houses _________ each year. Last year, 1720 new houses _________.
A. were built/ were built B. are built/ were built
C. are building / were built D. were built/ were being built
61. Tom bought that book yesterday.
A. That book was bought by Tom yesterday.
B. That book was bought yesterday by Tom.
C. That book yesterday was bought by Tom
D. That book was bought yesterday.
62. The new computer system _________ next month.
A. is be installed B. is being installed C. is been installed D. is being installing

Put these sentences into the passive voice.

1. Should they help Jane with the sewing?
. The mechanic is repairing Judy‟s car.
3. Must we finish the test before ten?
4. They use a computer to do that job nowadays.
5. Employers must pay all travel expenses for this training course.
6. Did her story take them in?
7. The bank manager kept me for half an hour.
8. Has he spelt this word wrongly?
9. All his friends will see him off at the airport.
10. They used to drink beer for breakfast in England years ago.
11. Someone might have sent the letter to the wrong address.
12. They were cleaning the floor when I arrived.
13. They are digging the hole on the wrong side of the road.
14. They are going to steal your money if you‟re not careful.
15. Has anyone ever asked you for your opinion?
6. Alan‟s knowledge of art doesn‟t impress me.
17. How do people make candles?
8. They can‟t make tea with cold water.
19. When is someone going to announce the results of the contest?
20. Nobody informed the police that there had been a mistake.
21. Where will your company send you next year?
22. Who looked after the children when you were away?
23. Look! Someone is feeding the seals.
24. Kathy had returned the book to the library.
25. By this time tomorrow, the president will have made the announcement.
6. The pollution in the city was affecting people‟s breathing.
7. rs Andrews hasn‟t signed those papers yet. as r Andrews signed them yet?
28. Is your mother planting flowers?
29. Where did they hold the 1988 Olympic Games?
30. Do they make those tractors in this country, or do they import them?

Write the sentences in another way, beginning as shown.

1. Someone reported that the situation was under control.
The situation ___________________________________
2. It is said that she works 16 hours a day.
She ______________________________________________
3. Someone thinks that the company is planning a new advertising campaign.
The company ______________________________________
4. Everyone expects that the soap opera will end next year.
The soap opera __________________________________
5. It is alleged that the man drove through the town at 90 miles an hour.
The man _________________________________________
6. Someone reported that the President had suffered a heart attack.
The President ___________________________________
7. They think that the prisoners escaped by climbing over a wall.
The prisoner ____________________________________
8. It is reported that the buildings have been badly damaged by fire.
The buildings __________________________________
9. It is reported that many people are homeless after the floods.
Many people ____________________________________
10. We all expected Marta would pass her driving test.
Marta _________________________________________
11. People believe that he was killed by terrorists.
He ____________________________________________
12. We knew that you were in town on the night of the crime.
You _____________________________________________
13. Journalists supposed that the footballer Wayne Johnson was earning £10 million a year.
The footballer Wayne Johnson __________________________
14. It is said that there is a secret tunnel between those two houses.
There _____________________________________________
15. We know that they lived in a small flat on the fifth floor.
They_______________________________________________
16. Lots of people believe that the Prime Minister and his wife have separated.
The Prime Minister________________________________
17. It is believed that the boy was wearing a white pullover and blue jeans.
The boy___________________________________________
18. Everyone expects that the hostages will be released soon.
The hostages______________________________________
19. It is reported that two people were injured in the explosion.
Two people_______________________________________
20. They say exercise is good for health.
Exercise _________________________________________