Passive Voice: Câu bị động

I. Chuyển câu chủ động sang bị động

TENSE ACTIVE
S + be + V(p ) + by O
II PASSIVE
Present S + V(e/ es) S + am/ is/ are + V (p2)
Simple
Past Simple S + V (ed) S + was/ were + V (p2)
Future Simple S + will/ shall + V S + will/ shall be + V (p2)
Present Con’t S + am/ is/ are + V (ing) S + am/ is/ are + being + V (p2)
Past Con’t S + was/ were + V (ing) S + was/ were + being + V (p2)
Future Con’t S + will be + V (ing) S + will be + being + V (p2)
Present S + have/ has + V (p2) S + have/ has + been + V (p2)
Perfect
Future Perfect S + will have + V (p2) S + will have + been + V (p2)
Past Perfect S + had + V (p2) S + had + been + V (p2)
Modal Verbs S + can/ could/ may/ might/ S + can/ could/ may/ might/
should/ must/ be going to + V should/ must/ be going to + be +
V(p2)
Have to/ has to S + have/ has to + V S + have/ has to + be + V (p2)
Cấu trúc chung:
Ex₁: My father built this house
→ This house was built by my father
Ex₂: I can built a sand castle
→ A san castle can be built by me
Ex₃: Trung is singing a song
→ A song is being sang by Trung

II. Các dạng đặc biệt của câu bị động

1. Câu bị động với động từ có hai tân ngữ
Cấu trúc :
S + give/ send/ offer/ show/ award/ lend/ throw + somebody + something
-> Somebody + be given/ sent/ offered/ shown/ awarded/ let/ thrown + something + (by O)
-> Something + be given/ sent/ offered/ shown/ awarded/ let/ thrown + to/ for somebody + (by O)
Ex₁: My mother gives me a cake
→ I am given a cake (by my mother)
→ A cake is given to me (by my mother)

Ex₂: My mom gave him money yesterday.

→ He was given money yesterday by my mom.
→ Money was given to him yesterday by my mom.
Ex₃: He bought for me a new computer.
→ I was bought for a new computer by him.
→ A new computer was bought for me by him.

2. Câu bị động nói dạng ra lệnh, yêu cầu

Cấu trúc :
Verb + Object
→ S + should/ must + be + V (P₂)
Ex₁: Turn off the air conditional!
→ The air conditioner should be turned off!
Ex₂: Sweep the floor!
→ The floor should be swept!

3. Cấu trúc câu bị động với chủ ngữ giả “it”

Cấu trúc :
S + be + Adj + (for sb) + to do sth
→ It + be + Adj + for sth to be done

Ex₁: It is easy to survey the project

→ It is easy for the project to be surveyed.
Ex₂: It is easy to hack a facebook account
→ It is easy for a facebook account to be hacked.

4. Câu bị động với các động từ tri giác

Cấu trúc :
S + see/ watch/ heard/ listen + somebody + do something/ doing someting

→ S + seen/ watched/ heard/ listend + to do something/ do something

Ex₁ : They watched her playing in the yard yesterday.

→ She was watched playing in the yard yesterday.

Ex₂: We heard him go out last night.

→ He was heard to go out last night.

Ex₃: I saw him playing football.

→ He was seen playing football.

5. Câu bị động với “make”, “let”

 Câu bị động với “make”
Cấu trúc : S + make somebody do somthing

→ Somebody be made to do somthing: Bắt ai đó làm gì

Ex₁: My mom made me clean the house

→ I was made to clean the house

Ex₂: They made me go.

→ I was made to go.

 Câu bị động với “let”

Cấu trúc : S + let + somebody + do + something

→ Somebody be allowed to V

6. Câu bị động “get”, “have” – thể nhờ bảo

 Câu bị động với “get” (Causatiue Passive Voice)
Cấu trúc : S + get + somebody + to do + something

→ Somebody get something done (by somebody): Nhờ vả ai đó làm gì

Ex₁: Lisa got her brother sweep the floor.

→ Lisa got the floor swept by her brother.

  Câu bị động với “have” (Causatiue Passive Voice)
Cấu trúc : S + have somebody to do something

→ S + have someting done (by O): Nhờ vả ai đó làm gì

Ex₁: I have my boyfriend clean the house every week.

→ I have the house cleaned by my boyfriend every week.

7. Câu bị động của động từ V – ing

 Nếu S = Object
Cấu trúc : S + V + somebody + doing + O

→ S + V + being + V (p₂) + by O

Ex₁: I like you wearing this dress.

→ I like this dress being worn by you.

 Nếu S ≠ Object₂
Cấu trúc : S + V + O₁ + V(ing) + O₂

→ S + V + O₂ + being + V (p₂) + by O₁

Ex₁: He hates non-professional people criticizing his work

→ He hates his work being criticized by non-professional people.

8. Câu bị động của động từ To V

Cấu trúc : S + V + to do something

→ Something + V + to be V(p₂) + (by O)

Ex₁: I will continue to use this computer tomorrow.

→ This computer will continue to be used by me tomorrow.

Ex₂: They began to plant rubber trees long ago

→ Rubber trees began to be planted long ago.

10. Câu bị động của một số cấu trúc
 Bị động của 7 động từ đặc biệt
Các động từ đó là: suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist, recommend.

Cấu trúc : S + suggest, require, request, order, demand, insist, recommend + that + clause.
→ It + was/ will be/ has been/ is... + suggested, required, requested, ordered, demanded, insisted, recommended + t
+ st + be + V(p₂).

Ex₁: He suggested that she buy a new car.

→ It was suggested that a new car be bought.

 Bị động của động từ “need”

Cấu trúc : S + need/ want + to do something
→ Something need/ want + V(ing) = Something need/ want to be V(p₂)

Ex₁: I need to cut my hair

→ My hair need cutting = My hair need to be cut

 Câu bị động với “have to”

Cấu trúc : S + have to do something
→ Something have to be done: phải làm gì

Ex₁: I have to prepare breakfast every day

→ Breakfast have to be prepared by me every day.

 Bị động với cấu trúc câu "It's one's duty to V" (bổn phận là)
Cấu trúc : It’s + one’s duty + to + V
→ S + be + supposed + to + V

Ex₁: It's everyone's duty to keep the environment clean.

→ Everyone is supposed to keep the environment dean.

 Bị động với cấu trúc câu 'It's (im)possible to V' (không/có thể
làm gì)
Cấu trúc : It is/ was + (im)possible + to + V + O
→ S + can/ could + (not) + be + V(p₂)

Ex₁: It is possible to type the letter now.

→ The letter can be typed now.

Ex₂: It was impossible to start the machine by electricity then.

The machine couldn't be started by electricity then.

 Bị động của động từ begin, start, continue

Cấu trúc: S + begin/ start/ continue/ … + to do something

→ Something + begin/ start/ continue/ … + to be done

Ex₁: I will continue to use this computer tomorrow.

→ This computer will continue to be used by me tomorrow.

11. Bị động kép/ Bị động vô nhân xưng (Impersonal Passive)

Cách sử dụng: Người ta chỉ cần đưa ra thông tin mà không cần quan tâm người đưa ra
thông tin

 Cấu trúc câu bị động kép với “It”

Cấu trúc : S + V + that + S + V

→ It + be V(p₂)+ S + V

Ex₁: People say that he is a good doctor.

→ It is said that he is a good doctor.

 Cấu trúc chung của câu bị động vô nhân xưng

Khi Verb₂ được chia ở thì Hiện Tại Đơn, Tương Lai Đơn hoặc Verb₁ và Verb₂ đều được chia ở
thì quá khứ đơn

Cấu trúc : S₁ + V₁ + that + S₂ + V₂

→ S₂ + be V(p₂) + to + V
 Ex₁: People said that he was 40 years old
→ It was said that he was 40 years old
→ He was said to be 40 years old

Khi Verb₂ được chia ở thì Hiện Tại Tiếp Diễn, Tương Lai Tiếp Diễn

Cấu trúc : S₁ + V₁ + that + S₂ + V₂

→ S₂ + be V(p₂) + to + V(ing)

Ex₁: People think that he is doing his homework

→ He is thought to be doing his homework

Khi Verb₂ được chia ở các thì Quá Khứ Đơn, Hiện Tại Hoàn Thành, Tương Lai Hoàn
Thành, Quá Khứ Hoàn Thành

Cấu trúc : S₁ + V₁ + that + S₂ + V₂

→ S₂ + be V(p₂) + to + have done

Ex₁: People think he stole my car

→ It is thought that he stole my car
→ He is thought to have stolen my car

Khi Verb₂ chia ở thì hoàn thành tiếp diễn

Cấu trúc : S₁ + V₁ + that + S₂ + V₂

→ S₂ + be V(p₂) + to + have been V(ing)

Ex₁: They believe she has been working very hard

→ It is believed that she has been working very hard
→ She is believed to has been working very hard