Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Thay đổi đại từ chỉ ngôi: Phụ thuộc vào chủ ngữ và tân ngữ của mệnh đề chính.
I → He /she We → They He /She /they → He /She /They
*Statement:
S + said (to + O) / told + O: “S’ + V + …”
→ S + said (to + O) (that) + S’đổi + Vlùi thì + …
S + told + O + (that) + S’đổi + Vlùi thì + …
*Yes /No -question:
- S + asked + O: “Trợ từ để hỏi(Do, Does,...) + S’ +V + …?”
→ S + asked + O + if /whether + S’đổi + Vlùi thì + …
- S + asked + O: “Will/Shall; Can; May;… + S’ + V-inf +…?”
→ S + asked + O + if /whether + S’đổi + would/should; could; might ;…+V-inf + …
*Wh-question:
- S + asked + O: “Question word + trợ từ để hỏi(do, does,...) + S’ +V + …?”
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→ S + asked + O + Question word + S’đổi + Vlùi thì + …
- S + asked + O: “Question word + will/shall; can; may;… + S’ + V-inf +…?”
→ S + asked + O + Question word + S’đổi + would/should; could; might ;…+V-inf + …
*Chú ý dạng câu đề nghị, yêu cầu, khuyên ngăn:
S + asked/told/adviced + O + to V-inf
5. Connectives:
Clause of reason + “, so” / “; therefore,” + clause of result
= Because/Since/As+ clause of reason, clause of result = Clause of result + because/since/as + clause of reason.
6. Used to + V-inf: Một thói quen trong quá khứ.
Be used to / Get used to + V-ing/N: Quen với (Việc gì)
7. Gerund after some verbs: S + like / love / enjoy / dislike / hate / mind / start / finish ...+ V-ing + O.
8. Prepositions of time: In, on, at, from...to, until = till, up to, between ...and, after, before
9. Lưu ý về thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
S + have/has + p.p + since + mốc thời gian, ex: Friday, last week, 1990,…
+ Mệnh đề chỉ hành động, chia ở thì QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (PAST SIMPLE)
+ for + khoảng thời gian, ex: 2 hours, a long time,…
* (The first time + S + have/has + p.p + was // S + began/started + V-ing // S + first + V-ed) + time
→ S + have/has + pp + since/for + time
* (The last time + S + have/has + p.p/ S + stopped + V-ing/S + last + V-ed) + time
→ S + have/has + not + pp + since/for + time
10. Comparison of adjectives and adverbs
a. Equal comparison of adjectives and adverbs (Dạng so sánh bằng của tính từ và trạng từ)
Ta dùng “as... as” khi muốn nói về hai sự vật, sự việc giống nhau
(+) S1 + be/ verb + as + adj/ adv + as + S2
Trong câu phủ định, từ as thứ nhất có thể thay bằng so.
b.Comparative form of adjectives and adverbs (Dạng so sánh hơn của tính từ và trạng từ)
a. Đối với tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn b. Đối vời những tính từ/ trạng từ dài
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Tính từ/ trạng từ ngắn là những tính từ/ trạng từ dạng ngắn Tính từ/trạng từ có từ 2 âm tiết trở lên trừ những trường hợp
(chỉ có 1 âm tiết) hoặc những từ có 2 âm tiết trở lên nhưng có ở trên được coi là tình từ/trạng từ dài.
tận cùng là y, er, ow, et. Form: more + long adj/adv + than
Form: Short adj/ adv - er + than Ví dụ:
Ví dụ: - This house is more beautiful than that house.
- Summer is hotter than winter. - Your cellphone is more expensive than my cellphone.
- They are happier than their parents.
Superlative of adjectives and adverbs (Dạng so sánh nhất của tính từ và trạng từ)
So sánh hơn nhất đối với tính từ ngắn và trạng từ ngắn: So sánh hơn nhất đối với tính từ dài và trạng từ dài:
Form: the + short adj/adv –est Form: the most + long adj/adv
Ví dụ: Ví dụ.
It is the darkest time in my life. She is the most beautiful girl I’ve ever met.
Đó là khoảng thời gian tăm tối nhất trong cuộc đời tôi. Cô ấy là cô gái xinh nhất mà tôi từng gặp.
He runs the fastest in my class. He drives the most carelessly among three drivers.
Anh ấy chạy nhanh nhất lớp tôi. Anh ấy lái xe ẩu nhất trong số ba người tài xế
11.Impersonal passive
Cấu trúc chung:
It + be + P.P + that + S + V
Ví dụ: People think that he is a great doctor.
- It is thought that he is a greatdoctor.
12. Cấu trúc “suggest + V-ing” / that clause
a. S + suggest + V-ing.
b. S + suggest +(that) + S + (should) + V( bare)
13. Thì quá khứ hoàn thành (past perfect)
a. Cấu trúc
b. Cách sử dụng
Thì quá khứ hoàn thành dùng để diễn tả một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc một thời điểm khác trong quá
khứ. Trong 2 hành động, hành động nào xảy ra trước sẽ được dùng ở thời quá khứ hoàn thành. Hành động nào xảy ra sau sẽ
được chia ở thời quá khứ đơn.
c. Dấu hiện nhận biết thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
Trong câu thường có các từ: before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past ...
Ví dụ:
When I got up this morning, my father had already left.
By the time I met you, I had worked in that company for five years.
14. Adj + to V và adj + that + clause
a. Tính từ + to V:
Động từ nguyên mẫu (to-infinitive) thường được dùng:
• Sau các tính từ diễn tả phản ứng và cảm xúc như: glad, sorry, sad, delighted, pleased, happy, afraid, anxious, surprised,
shocked...
Ví dụ:
Tom was surprised to see you.
He’s afraid to stay home alone at night.
I’m very pleased to see you here.
I was sorry to hear that your father is ill.
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• Sau một số tính từ thông dụng khác như: right, wrong, easy, difficult, certain, welcome, careful, important, interesting, lovely,
ready, lucky, likely, good, hard, dangerous, safe...,và sau các tính từ trong cấu trúc enough và too.
Ví dụ:
He is difficult to understand.
The apples are ripe enough to pick.
English is not difficult to learn.
• Sau tính từ trong cấu trúc câu nhấn mạnh với chủ ngữ giả It: It + be + adjective + to-infinitive
Ví dụ:
It’s interesting to talk to you.
It’s difficult to learn Japanese.
b. Adjective + that - noun clause (Tính từ + mệnh đề danh từ)
• Mệnh đề danh từ (noun clause) thường được dùng với các tính từ diễn tả xúc cảm, sự lo lắng, sự tin tưởng etc. Ví dụ:
delighted, glad, pleased, relieved, sorry, afraid, anxious, worried, confident, certain, surprising...
Ví dụ:
I’m delighted that you passed your exam.
It was quite surprising that he passed the examination.
I am afraid that I can’t accept this assignment.
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25. A. style B. type C. classify D. sympathy
26. A. storage B. encourage C. shortage D. garage
27. A. classify B. geology C. psychology D. photography
28. A. amusing B. practising C. advertising D. arising
29. A. universe B. technical C. profession D. content
30. A. pedestrian B. equipment C. trench D. elevated
31. A. artisan B. handicraft C. attraction D. authenticity
32. A. carve B. cart C. sculpture D. facing
33. A. versatile B. layer C. cookery D. teacher
34. A. willow B. charcoal C. over D. minor
35. A. tunnel B. underpass C. upgrade D. university
II. Choose the word whose main stressed syllable is placed differently from that of the other in each group.
C.WORD FORMS
1. Craft village tourism has also proved an___, receiving great attention from visitors, especially foreign tourists. (ATTRACT)
2. Mass___started in 1989 when the first 340 Windsurf guests arrived. (TOUR)
3. The tribe is concerned with the ____of its culture and traditions. (PRESERVE)
4.Ha Noi, ____ the Old Quarter, become a perfect city for walking with handicraft shops, street food, etc.(ESPECIAL)
5. Ha Long Bay, which means descending dragon, is the ____ heritage of the world with 1,6000 limestone islands. (NATURE)
6. Below Sa Pa are________rice terraces in the endless valley.(PICTURE)
7. A good night’s sleep will improve your________(CONCENTRATE)
8. Teens should learn to be_______when making a presentation. (CONFIDENCE)
9. Going away to college has made me much more_______(DEPEND)
10. A lot of people eat too much when they’re________(DEPRESS)
11. Many more tourists have visited Ha Long Bay since UNESCO’s _____of this beautiful spot.(RECOGNISE)
12. Bai Dinh Pagoda is a ________site which is located in Ninh Binh province. (RELIGION)
13. May I have a ________ about the trip to Cuc Phuong National Park next week? (SUGGEST)
14. My most_______experience was my trip to Hoi An in the summer of 2015. (FORGET)
15. Although they never get angry, they are not always kind or________.(TOLERATE)
16. Local officials have been very_______on working together for a solution. (COOPERATE)
17. I tried to tell her about the awful day I’d had, but she wasn’t very________.(SYMPATHY)
18. Students are expected to be quiet and_________in the classroom. (OBEY)
19The needs to know what rocks the drill has reached. (GEOLOGY)
20. Show teenagers that you respect their by knocking on their bedroom door. (PRIVATE)
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D. VERB FORMS
I. Complete each of the following sentences using the correct form of a phrasal verb from the box.
live on look through pass down set off turn down
close down come back deal with get up keep up with
11. This medicine will help you ______ from your illness.
12. Some people believe that skyscrapers are a _______of big cities.
13. We have to _______more schools to meet the demand of the increasing numbers of children in the area.
14. HCM city is like a _______of people from different areas.
15. While visiting Da Nang, we _______ all the World Heritage Sites nearby.
16. You need to _______ the key; otherwise, we can’t get into our home.
17. The ______ is a kind of circular junction, where traffic flows continuously around a central island.
18. It is difficult to _______ the rapid pace of change in big cities.
19. The _______ area includes the city itself, and the surrounding suburbs or other urban areas.
20.During the morning and evening rush hours, cities often become ______with people and vehicles.
21.Don’t you ever wish you (have) someone to share your troubles with?
22. I wish I (eat) Spanish food in Barcelona.
23. I wish I (know) how to use a computer.
24. By the time the firemen (arrive), the fire (destroy)three houses.
25. Our economy (not stand) a chance of developing before thegovernment (adopt) the open-door policy.
26. When I last (speak) to her, she still (not finish)her assignment.
27. Nobody (come) to the meeting because Angela (forget)to tell them about it.
28. She (go) to Disneyland three times when she (be) a little girl.
29. After I (complete) the form, I (give) it to the secretary.
30. Sarah (drive) three hundred miles by the time she (arrive) in Tacoma.
E.CORRECTION
1. Artisans in the traditional craft village are facing difficulties in seeking markets for their product.
2. I am going for a diet next week and hope to lose ten pounds before Christmas.
3. The country has significant changed since we came here in 2007.
4. The spectacular Royal Palace of the Imperial City is one of Hue’s main tourist attraction.
6. She remained calmly and waited till he had finished shouting at her.
7. Martin was chosen because he is a good administrator who gets along for everyone.
8. City authorities are spending more and more money on public transport to make it well.
9. Remember to find out how much people are coming to the party tonight.
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10. For more information, call our free-toll number and speak to a customer service representative.
11. He asked his father where to cope with negative emotions.
12. Joan made the laundry, washing up, and housework holding her with one arm.
13. The receptionist said I must fill out that form before I attended the interview.
14. He advised her thinking about that example again because it needed correcting.
15. Based on computer statistics, what is the less greatest profession in the world?
16. Despite they said construction was completed, there were builders working on the hotel when we arrived.
17. Do you think the Harry Potter films are by far better than the books?
18. She said that she doesn’t want to see any of them and asked them to go away.
19. Tom managed to convince Mary to make the laundry for him.
20. A new rail system in Hanoi is expected to complete in the next few years.
F. READING
I. Choose the word that fits the gap.
TRANSPORT SOLUTIONS
First of all, walking is obiviously the _____1 means of travelling, and can be quicker in the city centre. Of course, the further
you have to go, the _____2 you will become. In some ways walking is healthier than travelling by bus or car, but it can be just
unhealthy because cities are much more polluted than they used _____3. Cars are faster of course and more convenient, but as
cities become more crowded, parking is getting harder. Sometimes public transport is better, even though buses don’t go as fast
as cars _____4. Cars are more convenient but as they cause most pollution, it is better to avoid _____5 them if possible. In the
city, the fastest way of travelling is on a bike, which keeps you fitter and is not so noisy as a motorbike or a car.
1. A. fastest B. cheapest C. longest D. farthest
2. A. tireder B. tiredest C. more tired D. most tired
3. A. be B. being C. been D. to be
4. A. do B. will C. go D. are
5. A. use B. to use C. using D. used
IV. Read the text and use the words in the box to fill in the blanks.
about can avoid have ways form more many suffer because
Teenagers today live in a very competitive world. It is (1)____important than ever to succeed at school if you hope to
(2)____ a chance in the job market afterwards. It’s no wonder that many young people worry (3) _____letting down their
parents, their peers and themselves. To try to please everyone, they take on too (4)_____ tasks until it becomes harder and
harder to balance homework assignments, parties, sports activities andfriends. The result is that young people (5)______ from
stress.
There are different ways of dealing with stress. Everyone knows that caffeine, in the (6)____ of coffee or soft drinks,
keeps you awake and alert. But caffeine is a drug which (7)______ become addictive. In the end, like other drugs, caffeine only
leads to more stress. There are better (8)______to deal with stress: physical exercise is a good release for stress, (9)______it
increases certain chemicals in the brain which calm you down. You have to get enough sleep to (10)_______ stress and to stay
healthy and full of energy.
VI. Read the text and choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D).
Being over-shadowed by Ha Long Bay to the North, Cat Ba Island is often left out of the itineraries of the majority of
travelers coming to Viet Nam. Nevertheless, Cat Ba Island is one of the most underrated destinations in Viet Nam. The park
possesses seven different ecosystems, both underwater and inland. It is home to thirty-two types of mammals, along with
seventy bird species, and more than a thousand species of plants, hundreds of which can be used as medicines.
There are several different hiking and trekking routes through rugged and forested mountain within Cat Ba National
Park. These routes are also divided by different levels of difficulty, so travelers don’t have to be worried if their fitness is not
very good. In addition, travellers can take a side visit to explore the exquisite Trung Trang cave, or discover the traditional
village of Viet Hai.
1. Many travellers choose not to visit Cat Ba Island because _______________
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A. they think Ha Long Bay is much better B. it is not a good destination for tourism
C. there is too much rain there D. it is too far from Ha Long Bay
2. Cat Ba Island is suitable for ________________
A. scientific research and exploration B. ecotourism and adventure activities in Northern Viet Nam
C. experiencing urban life D. many indoor activities
3. Which of the following is NOT true about Cat Ba National Park according to the passage?
A. Hiking and trekking in Cat Ba National Park requires a high level of fitness.
B. It is one of the most diverse national parks in Viet Nam.
C. There are seven different ecosystems in Cat Ba National Park.
D. It was established in 1986.
4. The word ‘rugged’ in the passage is closest in meaning to ________________
A. even B. smooth C. smooth D. uneven
5. The word ‘exquisite’ in the passage is closest in meaning to ______________.
A. quiet B. ugly C. plain D. beautiful
VII. Choose the correct option A, B, C or D for each gap in the passage.
Living in a city has a (1) __________ of drawbacks. Firstly, there are many problems of traffic jams and traffic
accidents. The increase (2) _________population and the increasing number of vehicles have caused many accidents to happen
every day. Secondly, air pollution negatively affects people’s health, and it also has a bad influence on the environment. More
and more city dwellers (3) ____________ from coughing or breathing problems. Thirdly, the city is noisy, even at night. Noise
(4) ___________ comes from the traffic and from construction sites. Buildings are always being knocked (5) ________ and
rebuilt. These factors contribute to making city life more difficult for its residents.
1. A. lots B. great deal C. number D. numerous
2. A. at B. in C. on D. of
3. A. suffer B. differ C. recover D. different
4. A. polluting B. polluted C. pollution D. pollute
5. A. up B. down C. on D. at
G. WRITING
I. By using the words in brackets, join each of the following sentences into logical ones. You may need to change some of
the words.
1. He bought a jeep. His friend advised him against it. (although)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. Good writing requires general and abstract words as well as specific and concrete ones. It is the latter that make writing vivid,
real and clear. (though)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields. (so ... that)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. The results of the experiment were successful. The school refused to give any help. (although)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
5. He chose to study computer science. Computer science has good employment prospects. (because of)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
6. We are trying to introduce our handicraft products to foreigner tourists because we want to promote our culture.(in order
that)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
7. New York city is a far wealthier city than any cities in Vietnam. (as)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
8. Hanoi capital city is generally not as exciting as Ho Chi Minh city. (more)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
VII. Write suggestions for the situations below, using “suggest + V-ing/ clause with should (n’t)”
1. It seems that we have lost our way. (V-ing)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The museum is not open to visitors today. (V-ing)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. She doesn’t know about any man-made wonders of Vietnam. (Clause)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Visitors throw a lot of trash and make a lot of noise in this beauty spot. (Clause)
=> ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Dear Mary,
1.It's great / know /you're coming to Viet Nam. I hope/ you/have / good time spend/ one day /Ha Noi.
2.There/many interesting places/ city, but I think /within one day you / able / visit three places. The first place I
suggest /Viet Nam National Museum of History.
5.They/ arranged chronologically / primitive / modem times. The second place is Hoan Kiem Lake.
6.It/ one of the symbols of Ha Noi. There you/ enjoy the beautiful scenery /visit Ngoc Son Temple.
7.You/ also go for a walk/ the Old Quarter, wander around/ old streets and some ancient houses / explore
Vietnamese culture.
8.Fortunately, these places/ close /one another, so you can walk around easily.
9.Tell me when you/ coming, so I can show you around these places.
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Best wishes,
Ngoc Hoa
2.
1.There /be/ lot /disadvantages live/ big city, air pollution is among / most serious problems.
3.Big cities attract/ plenty /both inside/ outside investments, so the number /factories /increasing quickly.
5. Secondly, have/ too many transportation means /also make/ this problem worse.
6.Exhaust / cars, motorbike /be/ one / the factors / make/ the air polluted.
7.To conclude, air pollution, which contributes/ make more and more people/ get many serious diseases, such
as lung cancer, tuberculosis and so on, be / big drawback / city life.
2.My friends/ be/ really helping. They even tease me / my big size.
4.One day I tried/ open up to my mom/ but all I got in return / laughter from her /my two brothers.
6.They /not/ know how badly they hurt me. I think I'm depressed. Please help me!
Need Help, 15
b.
4.When you are made fun of, you can say something like the following: "I'd actually appreciate it if you guys
/not/ say that anymore; it may not seem like it /but it actually /hurt/ my feelings.”
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5. Your family and friends might partly understand /what/ you /be/thinking and stop teasing.
6. Keep / mind /that being an overweight teen /not/ make you worthless /stupid.
8.I encourage you /do it and participate / some activities such as doing morning exercise and playing sports to
boost your confidence and overcome depression.
Ann,
4.
1.It /be/ most likely / students twenty years ago /be/ not able to enjoy the Internet in their studies.
2.That's why it/take /them a lot of time, energy, and even money/ do a project that we can now easily complete
in one / two days.
3.For example, when being asked / write an assignment / past habits, the students had to/ go to the library,
look/ books on the topic, read the books, and hand-write any information that they thought / be/ useful / their
assignment.
4.They would also have to meet / some old people /talk / them about the past.
5.At home, they had to hand-write their assignment, possibly/ a lot/ erasing and rewriting of the first draft.
6.After /finish the draft, they had to write a clean copy/ another piece of paper for submission.
5.
1.It /say/ that the picturesque ancient town /Hoi An/be/ the perfect destination for those who love old
architecture and serene scenery.
2. Today, its ancient past is superbly preserved / an enchanting collection /temples, pagodas, shop houses and
scenic private homes.
3.A walking tour/ this delightful town with its historic structures like the gorgeous Phuc Kien Assembly Hall.
4.Stopping / museums or seeing local artisans using age-old techniques / make a variety /crafts is also/
wonderful experience.
5.This town is well-known / streets decorated / colourful lanterns. Visitors can immerse themselves / the unique
atmosphere / the town during the full moon when the shop owners turn /the lights and use lanterns.
6.Acknowledged / a UNESCO World Heritage Site /1999, Hoi An is well worth /visit during the Viet Nam tour.
6.
1.In my opinion, people need / be ready /share, caring and tolerant to be able /get along /other members / an
extended family.
5.As they live /their grandparents, parents and siblings /the same family, it is necessary /care / these very close
family members.
7.Different people have various points /view, so members in an extended family should learn / accept and value
other members' belief /behaviour.
8. In sum, if people want / live happily in an extended family, they /be /sharing, caring and tolerant.
~THE END~
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