"

RED : Pb
Pb

"
☐ "

-12e- →
NO 5

Pb ( s) OX
① :
Fees )
No,
-

→
Fe
"

Fe 2++2e-

SOA 0A RA

⑤ + 2 e- Pbc RA
↓
→
0.13
f-
-

Increase
◦A "
Fe t 2 e- → -

o ¢4.

RA
OA
SRA
"
SRA =
Oxidation :
Fees ) →
Fe -12¢ Éo =
+0.44 V
"
SOA =
reduction :
Pb +2¢ → Pbls ) E- or
= -
0.13 V

✓
" "
Overall :
Fees, +
Pb →
Fe + Pb ( s ) E- cell =
0-31 V

Inquiry
:

a) If removed half cell

I salt
bridge is ,
polarization in each will stop the electrochemical cell

from
working .

"
b) Since oxidation occurs at anode by constantly losing e- positive charges ( Fe ) will build up
, , .

If there's no anion ( in this case NO 5) to keep the electrolyte neutral there will be an
increasing ,

"
between Fe The repulsion will be too and eventually discourages any oxidation
repulsion .

big
from Similarity the cathode side reduction leads build up
happening .
,
on .
happen which to

in
negative charge ( keep consuming Pb
"
) .
It makes cathode unable to
accept any more e- ,

which further discourages flow of e- .

If there's no more flow of electrons the .

battery stops working .
Application :

1 .
a) The reading would be 0 .

b) When the electrochemical cell reaches equilibrium it means oxidation and reduction happens at the
,

same rate . As a result , there will be no net flow of electrons No net flow of election means no electrical
.

potential difference ,
no voltage reading .

2 .

a) Pb } LPO 4) 2
"
b)
Voltage decreases If percipitate Pb } ( Poa), forms [Pb ] will decrease
.
,
.

According to Le Chatelier 's

principle the system will shift left where encourages production of Pb

"
, . This mean reduction in

cathode will happen less frequently . It reduces its capability to

accept e-
,
thus net e- flow decreases
and decreases
voltage .

0.298 V )
°

3 . OE =
0.327 V ( was

a) voltage increase .

"
b) Fe (s )
→
Fe t 2 e-

of Fe CNO })z
"
1- Fe I also decreases Le Chatelier 's
By decreasing the concentration ,

"
.
principle
suggest the
system will shift
right to counteract loss of Fe .

By shifting right ,
oxidation occurs

more frequently ,
more e- will be produced as well .
There will
any increase in electron flow in the

same time
period voltage ,
increases .

4A)
#gative charge
iron
Only
.

b) because cations will

migrate to cathode to balance build
up C due to loss of cation
"
at anode will
in reduction) . As a result
"
,
Fe
migrate to cathode through salt bridge .
It can

very unlikely to form percipitate with nitrate CNO 5) Nitrate with most
migrate because Fe is .

cations are soluble in water .

°
b- a) DE =
0 .
170 V

"
b) Anode :
OX : Fees, →
Fe + 2e- E 00 =
+ 0.44V
"
Cathode :
RED :
Wd + 2 e- →
Wd ( s) E°r =
?

"

Écei ,
"
Overall Feis ) + Wd →
Fe t wd es) =
0.17 V

EF
°
E Cell E
-
=
0

170 44
=
0 .
-
0 .

0.27 V
=
-

i. The standard reduction potential of who datium is -0.27 V.

 "
6. Anode →
oxidation :
2h Is, → Zn -12¢ ÉO =
-10.76 ✓

> Fe "t2→ Fees, E°r = ? C- 0.44W )

" " ◦
1 :
2h ( s ) -1 Fe →
2h -1 Fees, E- cell
=
0.32 V

E- °r E. cell table of
strength of reducing reduction of
E°o According to and
oxidizing agent
= -

(+0.76 V7 iron standard reduction potential of 0.44 V.

=
0.32 -
has a
-

= -

0.44 V Thus iron LFE) is used as cathode .