a Product Design and Development 1-2 Introduction to Product Design and Developme, [a] introduction [Ea] Productestign AEE, ‘works to meet design process is a set of technical activities within the product development process that ie ‘marketing and business case vision. es it rs It is Product design is also defined as to create a new product to be sold by business to its customer. It is a set of Strategic and technical activities from idea generation to commercialization. Product design includes all the engineering and industrial design work that goes into developing a product from the initial concept to produetion, which ensures that it works reliability, is cost effective for manufacturing and it should look good. ‘The role of design is to create a successful marketable product from an innovation. The uniqueness of design is often the deciding factor in the success of product. Types of design s ‘There are generally 6 types of engineering design : Selection design * In selection design, the design engineer simply picks out an existing solution that meets the specifications and requirements ofthe design problem. An example is choosing a proper bearing for a wheel. The key to a successfil selection design is gaining a full understanding of both the design need as well as the limitations of existing solutions. Gb ) Configuration design ' F: \ * When a computer company puts togethers madeto-order compute, they are doing configuration design Sandal components are selected and combine to make a new config tation to meet unique requirements that old configurations cannot meet. rametric design In parametric design, an optimal design solution is found by finding proper par vases, A spl examples the design of rope bridge: the rope size i parameter that is varied unl the bridge ean support the ssocasry . weight, Routine design | + Routine design may also be referred to as "cookbook" designs, There are many s ond codes tat ct be \ steps to follow and caleulatons to perform for the design of many different items, A, common example is using the | Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (American Society of Mechanical Engineers) to design large water tanks, Redesign + Inredesign an existing sofution already exists and a better solution is Sought. The better solution may be driven by \ changing needs, the desire to reduce costs, or the availability of new technology. A classic ss E of \) redesign is to "design a better mousetrap", exampl | . Technical Publcatens”™ An dp tnt for nowedge } @.LESS Than PHOTOCOPY PRE i __pont Desi ond Development 13 Inorodtction to Product Design and Development, Original design + Original design begins with 2 sared need and only a completely blank sheet of paper. This type of design arises fom a completely new idea that has no apparent design solution. [G2] Product Development + Product development is set of activities required to bring a new concept toa state of market readiness. + This is also called as new product management, product development is the conceptualization, design and development and marketing of newly created or newly rebranded goods. © This inchudes everything from new product vision to business case analysis activities, marketing efforts, cexgineering design activities, development of manufacturing plans and the validation of product design to confront to these plans. Often it also includes development of channels for marketing and introducing the new product. + Product design set includes refinement of product vision into technical specification, new concept development snd embodiment engineering of new product. © Product design does not include all of business and financial, management activities of product development. «The design of s manufacturing process is considered as part of product development. Product Development Team Functions ‘The Belbin team role model is designed to use the talents and personalities of team members. If you want your team to improve its performance by working together more effective, it is important that you lear to use the psychological diversity in your team to its fullest potential. Belbin bes defined Nine Roles for team as follows, 1. Implementer is the practical organizer within the team. Disciplined, orderly and task-oriented. Implementer puts plans and ideas into ‘easily ‘executable tasks. He/she can be a little too practical and conservative when the ‘usefulness of new ideas is not immediately clear. 2. Resource Investigator is the cheerful, extroverted person with lots of contacts within and outside the team. He/she is cothusiastic, adventurous end open-minded and always looking for new ideas, Resource Investigator is naturally good at developing and maintaining contacts, but may become careless when the novelty wears off. Plant is the creative thinker of the team. Innovative and original. A free sprit who needs space to fantasize about new and surprising solutions to complex problems. Plant is not always practical and sometimes misses what others require from him/her. 4, Monitor is sensible, thoughtful and eritcal. The analyst of the team, He/she is always analyzing situations and ‘wants to get to the botiom of things. As Monitor helshe may deliberate long and thoroughly and his or her judgment is rarely wrong. 5. Shaper is driven, passionate and willful. He/she has a strong urge to perform, looks for challenges and gets things going. Shaper makes sure deadlines are made and goals are met, one way or the other. He/she can get frustrated and react angrily or emotionally. 6. Coordinator is the natural coordinator of the team. He/she looks after procedures, helps team members clarify intentions and summarizes what everyone wants. Helshe has a nose for talent and knows how to utilize people to their full potential. Coordinator trusts others and delegates easily but sometimes has a tendency to'leave too much work to others. . —— ——e Bp Teo cies — Anup tat tc nntecon G LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICElopmen Product Design and Development 1-4. * Introduction to Product Design and Developmen 7 Completer Finisher has the talent to always fel what could go wrong. This leads (0 a lot ees to Lae checking and recheckinig, and a tendency to perfectionism. He/she monitors the quality and safety, sometimes be overprotective and find it difficult to delegate thing to others. : Team worker isthe most sensitive member of the team, help, accommodating and focused on cuts a Pleasant atmosphere and sense of togetherness. Helshe prefers balance and harmony and is close to others. Team \worker has difficulty with conflict and may have trouble taking decisions at critical times. , Specialist isan immeasurable source of knowledge in his/her field. An advisor who is gladly consulted 7 Es Provide knowledge on a specific topic with pleasure and ease. His/her contributions to the team are his/her ‘substantial knowledge and technical skills, Specialist thrives less well when working together and does not care for social attvites that much, 'ssenfial Factors for Product Design . SPPU ere isa large number of factors which influences product design. These factors can be broadly classified in four roups. i) Technical factors. i fi) Industrial design factors, iii) Designing for production-economic factor. I) Technical Factors : | 3) Operating condition ; The product designer should consider the type of person ( men, women, infant, } children, skilled, unskilled and the like) who would use the product and the envitor mamental conditions in {i which the product will be used. i] Exg. ; The noise level, vibration level at which the product will be | consideration, while designing product, operated should be given due | b) Performance parameters : This consider speed feed ete. at which the | and quality in performance needed and expected duration of continuous H product is designed to give certain level of performance, Product will be used. The accuracy satisfactory working of product. A © Maintenance faetors : The product design will be affected by mainte maintenance and repair can be undertaken, whether planned or breakdown the user ete, Product design vary with respect tothe way, the product can be ance factors like how ‘often maintetiance will be adopted by ‘maintained, Il) Industrial Design Factors : 8) Funetional aspeet : Product design vary with regards to functional so ‘ i PE of the product. Following questions needs to be answered for considering funetional aspects, which a ffects the product design, The answers to these questions wil vary fom person to person and time to time, A des invariably come up with new or modified product designs, | igner with creative mind will 5) Operational aspects: After considering the factional aspects, the opational aspects should Product design should be such that, the final product would be easy to handle and s Adopted to various operational conditions, Product should be designed for increased €) Aesthetic aspeet : This concerns the final shape appearance andthe size ofthe be considered. A imple to operate. It should be Versatilities, Product. Aesthetic makes the product trative and include in the customer willingness to possess or purchase, The ‘pPearance of product makes desi lesign “age Teme Anpnatrioatps @LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICEProduct Design and Development 15 Introduction to Produet Design and Development impressions on a buyer. If these are two products having approximately the same function, the same cost and the same tinte required for delivery, the product with better appearance will have a greater sales appeal. ¢.g. contrast, balance, surface treatment (colour and surfice texture). : © Haman factors : In order to have an effective human-compatible product, the relevant human factors must be carefully be considered during the design stage. ‘+The main objective should be to design a product that allows people to use it in most suitable manner, that possess adaptability to humans and it should be ensured that product does not subject the user with extreme physical or ‘mental stress orto any hazard. + Present day automobile design process allows for greater visibility, easy to read displays, more leg space, seat adjustment for driver and other oecupants comfort. Planning Tools Following are planning tools Affinity Diagram (KJ method) Interrelationship diagram Tree diagram 4. Prioritization matrix ‘Matrix diagram or quality table List of Scheduling Tools Following are scheduling tools . 1. GANTT Chart 2. Schedule Network Analysis 3. Critical Path Method 4, PERT (Program Evaluation and Review Technique) 5. f Compression dern Approaches to Product Design + Nowa days, product design because more important than ever because customers are demanding greater product variety and are switching more quickly to the products with the state of the art technology, + Organisations are adopting modern approaches to the product desig such as mass customization design for ‘manufacturing and assembly, product disposal, quality function deployment and time based competition. Mass Customization : ‘+ Mass customization is the low cost, high quality, large volume delivery of individually customized products. I ability to quickly design and produce customized products on large scale at a cost compatable to non customized product. * Customer is expected to receive customized products at the cost close to mass production cost. As matket become more and more segmented and aggregate demand remain constant or increases. Mass customization design approach will focus on to reduce the time required to deliver customized product and to reorganise design and production process quickly in response to customer requests, —— Tectncal Pubtcaiens — An up tt fr knowedy® (@ LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICE| Product Design and Developrient 16 Inorodnetion to Proxtict Design ad Devel, | © It would be counter productive to opt for mass customization, if a customized process takes (00 Hime gy, ; oh fe a eriterion f0¢ evaluation oy Produce speed is very important factor in design and production process which Is & riterion foe evaluation organization's mass customization capability. : Design for Manufacturing and Assombly (DFMA) * Manufacturing of a newly designed product is an important task of prxtuct design process: Desig Manufacturing and Assembly (DFMA) can be powerful tool to improve product quality, manufacturing cost ant j time. This approach focuses on manufacturing issues during product design. ‘+ DFMA is implemented with the help of computerized softwares that recognises design concepts consiering ‘economic implementations of design decisions. These decision are very important part because prnfuct design decisions fix 70 to 90% of manufacturing cost. * Todo this effectively, firm must concentrate of earlier design stage about service and maintenance issues, { Disposal Approach * While designing a product, because of government rules and regulations becoming an important part of product 1 design, This requirement of disposing manufactured product has become major requirement of proxluct design | This approach changes the notion that consumer isthe final owner for a product © With this approach product return to manufucturer for recycling and the recycling process should begin in proxtxt | design. Product should be designed in such a way that they can be disassembled and recycled easily, The design i engineers should avoid exotic materials that are difficult to recyele. For example parts with plastic and metal fuss | together should not be used, where they are difficult to separate, | + The designer should determine, which parts should be designed to be reused and which will be designed 9 Ke discarded or broken down and recycled. All these should be done without adding any extra cost of reducing product quality. Quality Function Deployment : | + Product design dictates the product's quality. Quality defines the way that goods and sevice functions. Quality bs at least two essential components. Fist the prodvct must be designed in such a way that it shuld function wih a high probability of succes _roiability, It should perform specific funetion without failure under given conditions. When product rei | increases, manuficturer can extend the products warrantee without increasing customer clans for tepals i retums. Warrantee for expensive items suchas mobile phones or electronic appliances are important selag potas | forcustomer , {i «Second, quality improves when operating or performance characteristics improve even though reliability does mt ) ality funtion deployment is being used by organisstion to translate eustomer wants into working panct, To | si | is also referred as house of quality, | | | Principles of Product Design and Development Sens i + Thysstandarizaton, simplification and specialization are the tree basic principles of product design an! Melopment. * i Standardization : i J 4 Product standardization is principle in product design and development that focuses on to reduce the mute ap manna An up thus for nowledze (GUESS man roTocoy me?Product Design and Development 1-7 Introduction to Product Design and Development different parts within a product. ‘© Standardization is the base of all mass production. They make possible thousands of different parts to be placed within the rich of energy body. E.g. : Spark plug of a two wheeler, if purchased of any make or manufacturers will fit exactly into engine head. : , ‘© Standardization means producing maximum variety of prod.cts from the minimum variety (ie. standardized) materials, parts, tools and processes. This reduces the cost for manufacturing and make product economical. Standardization means that non-standard products will not be produced except when customer orders them (0 be made. ‘© Standardization is the process of establishing standards or unis of measure by which extent, quality, quantity, ‘value, performance etc. may be compared and measured. Advantages : i) Reduces the work to design the specifications, drawings and part details of energy component. ‘The time saved can be utilized for developing new or to improve previously designed product. iii) Lesser design mistakes and design alterations. iv) Lower unit cost. ¥) Better quality products. vi) Accurate delivery dates. vii) Increased interchangeability of pats viii) Better utilization of manpower and equipment. Disadvantages 4) - Reduction in choice because of reduced variety and consequent loss of business. ii) Change in public taste seriously affects a company producing only standardized product range. iii) It becomes difficult to introduce new models because of less flexible production facilities. iv) Standards once set resist change and thus standardization may become an obstacle to progress. Applications 1. Finished products eg. : Cars, televisions 2. Sub assemblies and components : Automobile clutches, brakes or lights. 3. Material standardization, e.g, - both of direct materials (plain carbon and alloy steels, are welding electrodes etc.) and indirect materials (such as oil and greases). 4. PrOGuction equipment standardization. e.g. - that of machine tools, presses, welding equipments etc. Simplification : ‘+ The concept of simplification is closely related to the standardization. This isthe technique of reducing variety of ‘products manufactured. This aims to reduce product range, assemblies, parts materials and design. + A manufacturer may reduce the number of different types of two wheelers from a dozen to three or four to simplify his range. —————_— = Sp Tee Pitas — Ano tte one @ LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICE Pe —- ! | | «+ Product Design and Development set Introduction to Product Design and Developmen * Simplification removes the superfluous. I decreases variety of sizes, for example a botle making eaeae Plastic bottles of size 100 ml, 150, 200, 250, 350, 450, 500, 600, 750, 1000 ml can eliminate superfluous sizes of 150, 350, 450, 600 ml etc, and thus simplify its production line. Advantages : }) Simplification reduces varity, volume of remaining products may be increased. 4i) "Simplification provides quick delivety and better after sales service. iii) Simplification reduces inventory and thus results in better inventory control. iv) Simplification implies fewer parts and fewer the parts , the lower the production costs. ¥) This reduces product cost. vi) Improves product quality. Disadvantages : ’)- Not able to mest the need of wide range of customer's preferences. ii) Possibility of loosing customers because of competition fii) Creates conflict of interest among marketing and production team. Applications : 1) Automobile vehicles range, 2» Suter workstation parts and accessories, e.g. pen drive, memory card ete, pecialization : + This is the natural outcome of the application of standardization and simplification, Specialization means concentrating efforts on a specified field of action or towards a specific attempt. * A worker is said to be specialized in his work, when he acquire skills and proficiency init by concentrating solely ‘on particular work or job. A mechanic is specialized in only particular type of vehicle or make, * A factory producing only gearboxes or bearings is specialist in production, e.g. - NRB Bearing or Bosch Diesel Pumps. Advantages : 1. Workers achieve a high state of skill and proficiency. “2. They take less times to complete the activity in which they are specialized, Disadvantages : 1. Specialized labour and equipment are not flexible i. they can not be used for other purposes. 2. Specialization may result in monotony. : Applications : 1. Specialization is universal in application, itis a rule rather than exception in today’s industry. 2. Specialization can be applied to 4) Products ii) Processes ii) Individuals iv) Companies v) Jobs vi) Equipments ¥ an Technical Pubfeatons ”— An up Urust ov krowiedge (@ LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICE diProduct Design and Development 1-9 [£2] Product Development Versus Product Design Introduction to Product Design and Development Cee ae Product development is a complete cycle from market research, product specification, concept design. costing scheduling, testing, manufacturing, logistics, customer feedback, improvement and all other aspects of getting. complete product into the market. Complete product development process includes involvement of m--keting, design, manufacturing, sales and after sales support team, ‘Whereas product design is a complete design process that include product industrial design, user experience, 3D CAD Design, design calculations and simulation. Responsibility of a good product design is to ensure product working as per customer requirement. Product development in most cases leads to final Design. Most people assume that when a designer designs a product on a proper or in CAD software, that's the final product. However, it is not. This is where product development plays a role, When you start prototyping of a product, what looks pretty in a sketch or computer tendering does not always functions in real environment. Product Development Includes Prosuct Design Includes) ‘Market analysis | Synthesis (development of different alternatives) i Product specification 7 iia a ‘Technologies research Eskeiching Product “experience design” _//Analysis | Technical development »._| Sélection: selected the best oe Industrilization (Manufacturing) {Basic engineering) z Market launch eter % z “Analysis and improvement [- reigns etiam! cMuapergg Take SR ey. ‘ Product development is the last step of product designs. After launching the product into the market, if we will see any factors by which we can enhance the quality of our product in terms of efficiency, cost reduction ete. Then we ‘will modify our product and that’s called product development process. So product development is enhancing or improving the functions of existing product. Modern Product Development Process F SOT Product development is a process of set of activities and tasks. These are tasks of creating tasks, tasks of understanding, task of communication , task of testing and task of persuasion. ‘This mainly consists of three phases. (Refer Fig. 1.6.1 on next page) B 7 Tectnica Pubicatons An up trust or krowedge (@ LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICEi) Understand the opportunity 8) Develop a vision 'b) Market opportunity analysis ©) Customer need analysis @ Competitive analysis a) Develop a vision » 9 2 » ‘+ This‘is the first step in product development for a new product. There are certain questions need to be answered to develop a vision for new product. The answer for above questions are vision for new product. Market opportunity analysis : The question is whether any vision can be transferred into suecessfil realization ? Can it be developed and implemented into a product at worthwhile profit ? ‘The answer for above question is market opportunity, the revenue that might be generated by a new product from a market has to be estimated. In todays competitive environment the estimated price and volume, the market will carry is always the starting point. Customer need analysis : After completing market analysis and made a decision to proceed to develop new product a development team must analyze and understand what customer wants new product to do? Competitive analysis: Once customer needs are understood, the competitive products on the market must We analyzed in terms of how well they satisfy the customer needs. " Develop a concept 8) Portfolio planning _b) Functional modeling ©) Product architecture) Concept engineering Portfolio plana : Afr gathering and verifying all availabe information on what a new Product must do, how it must ft into the market and what cost range constrains the product, the des 7 lesign team expectations, ‘can work to meet these ‘The fit svi in his effort to design se of general make specfction for he pro uct. ‘Tis stvity mst be undenaken wth expect tthe complement seo rode that ihe Functional modeling :Afer understanding porlio ahtecr, customer needs ang moet hs bo Biker, stars work on new concept generation. . competition design team “apr Temes tetas amie matteo | (GUESS Tu proToCORY AREProduct Design and Development Jel Introduction to Product Design and Development One of the first task in concept generation is to determine, what the product must do to supply the customer satisfaction, ©) Product architecture development : After functional model describing the inputs, output and transformations that must happen for a product to work, there are possible grouping of subsets of these functions into actual subassemblies. 4) Concept engineering : The functional model and alternative product architecture set the stage for very effective concept reengineering, Attthis stage product development team generates many concepts for implementing the functional specifications. After synthesizing many concepts, a design team must select one best to implement. 3) Importance of concept : 3 8) Embodiment engineering ») Physical and analytical modeling ©) Design forX 4) Robust design 8) Embodiment engineering : After selecting a concept, it must be implemented, which is the final phase of product development, In this stage, a chosen concept is given forms through specifications of components to be purchases ‘parts to manufacturé and specifications for their assembly into the product. 1b) Physical and analytical modeling : One important aspect of embodiment engineering is modeling and testing of new implementation ideas by physical construction. 4 Inproduct development, it does not require to explain physical phenomenon. The aim is to develop a product that will delight customer, fulfill the needs of design process. @ Therefore it is required to consider modelling in the real world context. This demonstrate how it support design decision making. ‘©The method to actually make model of the physical processes in product are difficult to initiate for new and experienced engineers. © Thus, develops a methodology for construction a mathematical model of customer needs interms of variables that a design team can change. ©) Design for “X” : In addition to many performance test of a product, design team has additional engineering specification that their product must meet i.e. Design for “X*, where *X’ is one of these requirement. Eg. Design for manufacturing and assembly, design for environment, design for robustness ete (refer unit $ for detailed answer) Robust design : The design team must place on making the product work well. Any untrained person can make SEE ‘+ Product testing : Manufacturer by own or any third party ageney ot institution. A product prototype is required to be developed and initial testing requiréd to be performed on prototype. Manufacturer need to initiate trial or pilot Production in order to test. = 0 Sp’ _ Tec Pnteatore”—An up bat knoedge (@ LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICE —<——Prodect Desten xt Deets ek Inmocustion to Product Desion and Dex. 2 satisfactory market acceptance. It is cru In this process, it is required to assess whether the product ‘whether the product and marketing concept satisfy the consuimers in market place ‘Testing the product in real market environment allows designer or company’ directly interact with esto, ‘who have not been sereened prorly. Ifeustomer is allowed to test the proluct in area life situation, design team whether they are truly satisfied with product of not. Many times third party testing agencies have been asked to conduct confirmatory and regulatory test for Pry Certification and licensing or permit Product Validation and Verification * Verification is a paper exercise which starts with taking all the design inputs, specifications, goverment sy industry's self regulations (Homologation). Knowledge taken from previous designs and any other information necessary for proper function are requires ‘ompare product design outputs, drawings, assembly instructions and digital drawing files. In comparison, itis ensured tat each requirement in the input is accounted and verified in the design outpot ‘The output of this verification review is often corded ina statement of compliance document: This documest» list every requirement for the desi is compliant or not. ‘The obvious importance in this step is to make sure the design has not missed addressing any requirement Ide Tequirement is not edmpliant means design does not meet a requirement. Design Validation : * Validation is a step where design team actually build a version of Product and validation n be done against ie requirements as modified after verification process, + This does not necessarily mean the first production unit but it can also be an engineering model which sone ‘company used to prove the first run of complicated new design. * This assures tha a product meets the needs of th customers and other identified stakeholders, Example for Verification + The output of this verification review is often recorded ina Statement of ‘ll ist every requirement for he design, idem ithe design is compliant of no, and fg ‘here this eomplian is proven in the documentation, ‘Max Dimensions 17x 2"x 4" #C- Compliance #NC-Not Compliance + The obvious importance in this step isto make sue that the design has no 5 t missed addressing any requirements If requirements are not met, meaning the design does not meet a equitement, now is the time to know ths 2! negotiate with the customer if this requirement is necessary or an be relaxed, Example for Validation + This will often require more testing that wll be used on production models To ensure that all requirements met, a fll set of measurement and testis done onthe validation unit Techical Pubicatons” Anup trust krowledeProduct Design and Development eld Introduction to Product Design and Development Requirement cINC Vetification = Value Validation ‘Max Dimensions 1” x 2"x 4" C_.__ Drawing 1234567. 0.95" x 1.98" x3.85"_ CMM Report Order#98765 #C- Compliance #NC-Not Compliance + After validation, the full set of requirements on one unit of most products can have a reduced level of inspection and testing, depending on factors such as requirements criticality or manufacturing process capability. A good product validation can help decide which re Quefity Function Deployment (QFD) jrements need to be checked on every product, and which do not. Sane ‘© Quality Function Deployment (QFD) is a process and set of tools used to effectively define customer requirements and convert them into detailed engineering specifications and plans to produce the products that fulfill those n targets and drive requirements. QFD is used to translate customer requirements (or VOC) into measureable des them from the assembly level down through the sub-assembly, component and. production process levels. QFD methodology provides a defined set of matrices utilized to facilitate this progression * . There are several additional benefits of using Quality Function Deployment : «Customer Focused : QFD methodology places the emphasis on the wants and needs of the customer, not on what the company may believe the customer wants. The Voice of the Customer is translated into technical design specifications. During the QFD process, design specifications are driven down from machine level to system, sub- system and component level requirements. Finally, the design specifications are controlled throughout the production and assembly processes to assure the customer needs are met, * VOC Competitor Analysis : The QFD "House of ‘Quality" too] allows for direct comparison of how your design or product stacks up to the competition in meeting the VOC. This quick analysis can be beneficial in making design decisions that could place you ahead of the pack, «Shorter Development Time and Lower Cost : QFD reduces the likelihood of late design changes by focusing on product features and improvements based on customer requirements. Effective QFD methodology prevents valuable project time and resources ftom being wasted on development of non-value added features or funetions, © Structure and Documentation : QFD provides a structured method and tools for recording decisions made and tessons leamed during the product development process. This knowledge base can serve as ahistorical record that aid future projects. . ‘s The House of Quality is an effective tool used to translate the customer wants, and needs into product or service design characteristics utilizing a relationship matrix. “© Ttis usually the first matrix used in the QFD process. The House of Quality demonstrates the relationship between the customer wants or "Whats" and the design parameters or "Hows". 4 © ‘The matrix is data intensive and allows the team to capture a large amount of information in one place. «©The matrix earned the name "House of Quality” due to its structure resembling that of a house. A. cross-functional team possessing thorough knowledge of the product, the Voice of the Customer and the company's capabilities, should complete the matrix. - Techical Pobicetons””— Anup tus for krowedye (@ LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICELroduet Design and Development “4 Introduction to Product Design ant 0) ~ . ROOF iY Intracton af Howes ~ ed Roof ranking system HOWSs: =| [Teonponr7] Wie cortbarsin Negative e[ lo = [song Negatve -——_—_| |o| a i Body ranking aystom |_| fess] (ca! ites o TI | Moderam | a I a | Ween 1 one 0 d fi Lower level . +i} Fig. 1.9.4 Quality function deployment * The diffrent sections of the matix anda brief description of ach are listed below © "Whats": This is usually the first section to be ‘completed. This column is Where the VOC, of the wants and needs, of the customer are listed, 7 * Importance Factor; Tho team should rate each o the functions based on thle level ‘of importance to the customer. {Im many cases a scale of | to Sis used with 5 representing the highest level of importance, + "Hows" or Ceiling : Contains the design features and technical ‘equitements the product will need to align with the voc. * Body or Main Room : Within the main body or room ofthe house ‘oF quality the "Hows" are ranked according their correlation or effectiveness of fulfilling each of the "Whats, The ranking system used Is a set of symbols indicating either a strong, moderate or a weak correlation, +A blak box would represent no correlation or influence on meeting the "What", or customer requirement, Each of the symbols tepresents a numerical value of 0, 1,3 0r9, * Roof’ This matrix is used to indicate how te design requirements Interut with ‘each other, The interrelationships are ratings that range from a strong positive Interaction (+4) to a strong negative interaction (~) with a blank box indicating no interrelationship, * Competitor Comparison This section visualizes comparison of the competitor's product in regards to fullling {he "Whats, In many cases, w scale of 1 to $ 1s used for tho ranking, with $ representing the highest level of a Teta Pubiatons™ = Anup tral or knoe @LES3 THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICEPayor Dai ann! Davhyne Introduction to Product Design and Development customer satisthetion, This seetton should be completed using direct feedback from customer surveys or other means ofaata collection, + Relative Importance ¢ This scetion contalns the results of calculating the (otal of the sums of each column when rnottiptiat ty the importance fhetor, The mumertent values are represented as discrete numbers or percentages of the total. The ata ts usefUl foe ranking cach of the "Hows" and determining where to allocate the most resources, + Lower Level / Fourdation : This scotion lists more specific target values for technical specifications relating to the “Hows” usa to satis VOC, + Upon completion ot the House of Quality, the technical requirements derived from the VOC ean then be deployed to the appropeiate teams within the onganization and populated into the Level 2 QFDs for more detailed analysis. ‘This ene step in driving the VOC throughout the prod po Design Psi tet Me 1) ‘Concurrent engineering is a method by which several teams within an organization work simultaneously to develop new products and services, Coneurrent design is design that occurs in concurrent engineering environments, or process design process, engineering occurs in a sequential manner, Design must occur largely before manufacturing; wufucturing hus started but before full scale production is undertaken, © Ina very general wi testing must occur after mv © Since engineering (including design) occurs this way, people thought (long ago) that expertise for each stage was only needed at that stage: manufacturing expertise was only needed during the manufacturing stages, and design expertise was only needed during design, However, concurrent engineering is based on the observation that there is no necessary condition forcing that expertise to occur only at the required stage. if © Following this line of thought, one ean then ask are there other stages of product development during which expertise in X is usetul ? The answer is a resounding YES, + Indeed, it is often the case that all kinds of expertise are absolutely essential at almost every stage of product development, So we identify a need to provide a variety of expertise concurrently in each stage of a sequential process. + Example : Toyota developed and used concurrent design process called as Set-Based Concurrent Engineering. The Set-Based Concurrent Engineering (SBCE) is the methodology that can improve the efficiencies and effectiveness ‘of product development. It is found that the SBCE approach provided a suitable knowledge environment to support decision making throughout the development process, Techoicl Pucatons "— An up Bt or nowege (@ LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICEProduct Design and Development 1-16 Introduction to Product Desi soe 2.Map design 3. Concept set 4, Concept 5. Detailed design 1, Value research ‘space development convergence: 11 Classy 21 Decide on 3.1 Putdesign 4.1 Determine set Project pe ieveistinnovaven | concepts intersections specifeaton to sub-systems ae 3.2Create sets or sore system | 52 Manutachsing 1 2 Explore 2.2 Identity sub. weeatsfor | > explo ays customer value | System trgets sochsubsysom | sats Ee eee 1SAignwty | 2a0eirateartio | 22S | as seok S3Futaystom company strategy | ragens of desig Prototype and test conceptual " eee robustness 1. Tranane SA caper | ca croet wt customer valua tl anhater fortean production designers 2.5 Communicate Set to others, 45 Begin process planning for manubeturing 48 Converge on firal sat af sub system concepts Fig, 1.10.1 The SBCE process model Designs by Evolution and Innovation CAPER ‘+ Product designers spend their time developing solutions to design problems. Product designers must meet people’ genuine needs, wants and desires if their products are to be successful. ‘+ Product design is the process by which designers explore needs and develop a solution within a timeseale and budget. Most products develop in an evolutionary way. They slowly change into new forms over ti produce variations on exist ig designs, + However. some products develop in an innovative vay. An innovation results in a wholly new and eriginal prod that can have a big effect on society. © Designers respond to the needs of soci © Evolutionary changes in product design happen slowly. and are usually driven by market pull © Innovative changes in product design are sudden and ate usually caused by technological push. ign and society are closely their products ‘© Products are designed in response to two main influences inked - designers respond to changes in society, and cause changes in sock Market pull ‘* Market pull often causes products to develop in an evolutionary way. Tea? Technical Pubicatons "— An up dust fr knowledge @LESS THAN praoxtuct Design and Development _~ en Introduction to Product Design and Development © Consumers create the demand. © Products usually evolve gradually from one form to another. o. The technology driving the product usually exists already. © Products created from a market demand are often re-styled versions of older products. Eg: Hybrid Cars, Digital Camera + Technological push tends to cause revolutionary development. © Anewtechnology becomes available © This technology offers new ways to solve problems, and creates opportunites to make wholly new products. © New products are made which were not possible before the technological advancement. Eg: Mobile Phones Review Questions 1. Define product design. Enlist and explain factors affecting product design. Discuss standardization, simplifications and specialization in context to product design. ‘ Differentiate berween product design and development. Explain'various phases for modern product development process. Discuss product validation and verification. 3 4 5 6. Explain factors to be considered for product design. (Refer sectidn 1.2) 7. Enlist and elaborate different factors affecting product design. (Refer section 1.2) 8. How the product is supposed to do ? (Refer section 1.2) 9. What controls of the products will be automatic or manual ?-(Refer section 1.2) 10. Explain the relationship of standardization and specialization with product design. (Refer section 1.4) 11. What product do we wish were out there ? (Refer section 1.6) . 12. What is the difficulty with the current product we use ? (Refer section 1.6) 13, Why does it not do something, we want it to do ? (Refer section 1.6) 14. Explain product testing. (Refer section 1.7) 15, Explain product verification and validation in detail. (Refer-séétion 1.7) 16. Discuss product verification and validation with suitable examples. (Refer section 1.7) 17; Whether each required test called ow in the test instructions including the correct pass/fail criteria for each test ? (Refer section 1.7) 18. Whether all product acceptance criteria correct ? (Refer section 1.7) 19. Whether all physical characteristics identified in the build instructions ? (Refer seetion 1.7) 12] University Questions with Answers Q.1 Explain difference between product design and development. (Refer section 1.1.1) {8} Q.2 _ What is product design ? Differentiate between product design and development. (Refer section 1.1.1) [8] Hp" _TeotacalPubicaions™”— Anup trust for knowledge (@ LESS THAN PHOTOCOPY PRICE PRM 7 ‘