Unit –4 Design of Cylinders and Pressure Vessels

1. A cylinder is considered as thin cylinder when the ratio of inner diameter to the wall thickness is,

a. more than 15
b. less than 15
c. equal to 15
d. none of these criteria

2. A cylinder is considered as thick cylinder when the ratio of inner diameter to the wall thickness
is,

a. more than 15
b. less than 15
c. equal to 15
d. none of these criteria

3. In thin cylinders, the longitudinal stress is,

a. 2(circumferential stress)
b. 1/2(circumferential stress)
c. 1/4(circumferential stress)
d. 4(circumferential stress)

4. The thickness of thin cylinder is determined on the basis of,

a. radial stress
b. longitudinal stress
c. circumferential stress
d. principal shear stress

5. The thickness of thin cylindrical shell is given by,

a. P i D i ∕ 2 σ t
b. P i D i ⁄ 4 σ t
c. 2 P i D i ⁄ σ t
d. 4 P i D i ⁄ σ t
where D i , P i , and σ t are inner diameter, internal pressure and permissible
tensile stress respectively.

6. The thickness of thin spherical shell is given by,

a PiDi ∕ 2σt
b. P i D i ∕ 4 σ t
c. 2 P i D i ∕ σ t
d. 4 P i D i ∕ σ t
where D i , P i , and σ t are inner diameter, internal pressure and permissible tensile
stress respectively.
7. In thick cylinders, the tangential stress across the thickness of cylinder

a. remains uniform throughout

b. varies from internal pressure at the inner surface to zero at the outer surface
c. varies from maximum value at the inner surface to minimum value at the outer surface
d. varies from maximum value at the outer surface to minimum value at the inner surface

8. In thick cylinders, the radial stress across the thickness of cylinder

a. remains uniform throughout

b. varies from internal pressure at the inner surface to zero at the outer surface
c. varies from maximum value at the inner surface to minimum value at the outer surface
d. varies from maximum value at the outer surface to minimum value at the inner surface

9. In thick cylinders, the axial stress across the thickness of cylinder

a. remains uniform throughout

b. varies from internal pressure at the inner surface to zero at the outer surface
c. varies from maximum value at the inner surface to minimum value at the outer surface
d. varies from maximum value at the outer surface to minimum value at the inner surface

10. In thin cylinders, the tangential stress across the thickness of cylinder

a. remains uniform throughout

b. varies from internal pressure at the inner surface to zero at the outer surface
c. varies from maximum value at the inner surface to minimum value at the outer surface
d. varies from maximum value at the outer surface to minimum value at the inner surface

11. The thickness of thick cylindrical shell with closed ends and made of brittle material is
determined by,

a. Lame’s equation
b. Clavarino’s equation
c. Birnie’s equation
d. Barlow’s equation

12. The thickness of thick cylindrical shell with closed ends and made of ductile material is
determined by,

a. Lame’s equation
b. Clavarino’s equation
c. Birnie’s equation
d. Barlow’s equation

13. The thickness of thick cylindrical shell with open ends and made of ductile material is
determined by,

a. Lame’s equation
b. Clavarino’s equation
c. Birnie’s equation
d. Barlow’s equation
14. The thickness of high-pressure oil and gas pipes is determined by,

a. Lame’s equation
b. Clavarino’s equation
c. Birnie’s equation
d. Barlow’s equation

15. Autofrettage is,

a. a surface coating process of cylinders for corrosion resistance

b. a heat treatment process for cylinders to relieve residual stresses
c. a process of pre-stressing the cylinder to develop residual compressive stress at the inner surface
d. a surface hardening process of cylinder to improve wear resistance

16. Autofrettage is achieved by,

a. compound cylinder
b. overloading the cylinder before putting it in service
c. winding a wire under tension around the cylinder
d. any one of the above methods

17. A gasket is made of,

a. asbestos or cork
b. lead, copper or aluminum
c. vulcanized rubber
d. any one of the above

18. Welded pressure vessels made of steel plates should be designed according to ‘Code for unfired
vessel IS-2825’ when,

a. internal pressure is from 1 kgf/cm 2 to 200 kgf/cm 2

b. internal diameter is less than 150 mm
c. water container is to be designed with capacities less than 500 litres
d. steam boilers and nuclear pressure vessels are to be designed

19. Class 1 pressure vessels are to be designed according to ‘Code for unfired vessel IS-2825’ when

a. hydrocyanic acid, carbonyl chloride or mustard gas are stored

b. operating temperature is more than -20 0 C
c. liquefied petroleum gas is stored
d. thickness of shell is less than 38 mm
20. Class 3 pressure vessels are to be designed according to ‘Code for unfired vessel IS-2825’ when,

a. operating pressure is less than 17.5 kgf/cm 2

b. operating temperature is more than 0 0 C and less than 250 0 C
c. thickness of shell is less than 16 mm
d. any one of the above

21. While designing pressure vessels according to ‘Code for unfired vessel IS- 2825’, the design
pressure is taken as

a. 1.05(maximum operating pressure)

b. 1.5(maximum operating pressure)
c. 2(maximum operating pressure)
d. 1.3(maximum operating pressure)

22. Weld joint efficiency is maximum when the pressure vessel is welded by

a. single-welded butt joint with backing strip

b. single-welded butt joint without backing strip
c. double-welded butt joint with full penetration
d. none of the above

23. Type of domed heads for the pressure vessel is

a. hemispherical head
b. semi-ellipsoidal head
c. torispherical head
d. any one of the above

24. The end-closure for tall vertical pressure vessel is

a. hemispherical head
b. conical head
c. torispherical head
d. flat head

25. The end-closure for tankers of milk, petrol or diesel is

a. hemispherical head
b. conical head
c. torispherical head
d. flat head

26. Design for unfired pressure vessels is 1.05 times of -------

a. minimum working pressure

b. maximum working pressure
c. hydrostatic test pressure
d. none of the bove
27. Class 3 pressure vessels having welded joints are ----

a. full radio graphed

b. partially radio graphed
c. spot radio graphed
d. not radio graphed

28. which type of welded joints are not included in class 3 pressure vessels?

a. Double welded butt joint with full penetration

b. Single welded but joint with back strip
c. Single full fillet lap joints
d. None of the above

29. Which type of formed threads are used for vertical pressure vessels in the pressure range of 0.1
N/mm2 to 1.5 N/mm2?

a. Plain formed head

b. Torisherical dished head
c. Semi elliptical dished head
d. All of the above

30. Internal pressure of 2.5 Mpa acts on a pressure vessel of thickness 15 mm and internal diameter
of 1500 mm . What is the stress induced in longitudinal direction?

a. 36.63 N/mm2
b. 59.13 N/mm2
c. 65.62 N /mm2
d.131.25 N/ mm2

31. In unfired pressure vessels, category A consists of------

a. joints connecting flanges and flat heads

b. weldwd joints connecting nozzels with main shell
c. circumferential welded joints
d. longitudinal welded joints

32. Which of the following is not an unfired pressure vessel?

a. Heat exchanger
b. Storage vessels
c. Steam boilers
d. None of the above

33. What is the wed joint efficiency if pressue vessel is fabricated with single full lap joint ?

a. 1.0
b. 0.55
c. 0.65
d. 0.85
34. A cylindrical pressure vessel is subjected to an internal pressure of 3 Mpa on internal diameter
of 1000 mm. The vessel is fabricated with single weld butt joint with back strip and is not radio
graphed . What is the thickness of flat head , if head made of alloy stell has an ultimate tensile
strength of 400 N/mm2 ? ( corrosion allowance =2 )

a. 110 mm
b. 120 mm
c. 150.23 mm
d. 152.13 mm

35. A cylindrical pressure vessel is subjected to operating pressure of 0.55 Mpa and corrosion
allowance of 2. What is the thickness of pressure vessel shell if its internal diameter is 2000 mm?
(σall=120 N/mm2 and ηl= 0.75)

a. 6.5 mm
b. 7 mm
c. 9 mm
d. 9.5 mm

36. A cylinder made of plain carbon steel has inner diameter 100 mm. What is the thickness of
cylinder if maximum internal pressure of 20 Mpa acts on it (σall =100 N/mm2 & poissons ratio =
0.3)
a. 11 mm
b. 15.36 mm
c. 22.32 mm
d. 80 mm

37. The ratio of di /t for thick cylinder is --------

(Where di = inner diameter , t= wall thickness )

a. greater than 20
b. less than 20
c. equal to 20
d. none of the above

38. Which criteria of failure is used to indicate St Venent’s theory?

a. Maximum principle stress theoru
b. Maximum principle Strain theory
c. Shear stress theory
d. None of the above

39. Selection of welding process does not depend on ----

a. thicness of material
b. availability of equipments
c. economics of the process
d. none of the above
40. Which equation is used to determine wall thickness for brittel materials ?

a. Brinies equation
b. Claviros equation
c. Lames equation
d. All of the above

41. Claviros equation is applicable to cylinders with ----

a. close ends
b. open ends
c. both a and b
d. none of the above

42. Why is autofrettage process used in pressure vessels?

a. Increase fatigue lifetime

b. To enhance carrying capacity
c. To introduce compressive residual stessin them
d.All of the above

43. Which equation is used to calculate thickness of an alloy steel cylinder with open ends?
a. Clavarinos equation
b. Birnies equation
c. lames equation
d. None of the above

44. Example/ s of unfired pressure Vessels ?

a. Storage vessels
b. Reaction Vessels
c. Heat Exchanger
d. All of the above

45. Which of following pressure vessels do not come under unfired pressure vessels?

1. Steam boilers
2. Nuclear pressure Vessels
3. Storage Vessells

a. (1) and (2)

b. (1) and (3)
c. (3) and (2)
d. (1) (3) and (2)

46. Which statement is correct regarding Category A welded joints ?

a. longitudinal weldwe joint within the main shell, communnating chambers or nozzels
b. Circumferntial welded joint within main shell
c. Connecting flanges and flat heads
d. Connecting coo=mmunicating chamber
47. Pressure Vessels Classified in how many class / s--
a. Class 1
b. Class 2
c. Class 3
d. All of the above

48. Class 3 pressure Vessels operating at temp?

a. - 20 0 c
b. 0 to 250 0 c
c. 300 to 400 0 c
d. 400 to 500 0 c

49. Operating condition /s for pressure vessel as follows. Choose correct?

1. High or very low temp

2. High pressure
3. High flow rate
4. Corrosive Atomshpere
5. Sometimes corrosive fluid.

a. (1) (2) (3)

b. (1) (4) (5)
c. (3) (4) (5)
d. (1) (2) (3) (4) and (5)

50. The design of the unfired pressure vessels begins with selection of the design parameter/s such
as
a. Maximum working pressure (P max) and design pressure
b. Hydrostatic test pressure (Pi) and allowable design stress (σall)
c. corrosion Allowance (c)
d. All of the above

51. What is the meaning of Design pressure in pressure vessels----

a. The maximum pressure to which pressure vessels is subjected

b. It is the pressure of vessels is tested before put into use
c. Design pressure (Pi) is equal to 1.05 times maximum pressure
d. Hydrostatic test pressure is equal to 1.3 times design pressure

52. In how many ways pressure vessels shell designed--

a. Pressure vessel shell is subjected to Internal pressure

b. Pressure vessel shell under combined loading
c. Both (a) and (b)
d. Neither (a) and (b)
53. Which are different loads acting on cylindrical pressure vessel shell , While designing under
combined loading--

1. Internal pressur due to fluid

2. Weight of the vessel with its content
3. Wind load
4. Load due to offset piping

a. (1) (2) (4)

b. (2) (4) (3)
c. (3) (1) (2)
d. (1) (2) (3) (4)

54. Design of end closures in unfired pressure vessel /s classified as follows ...

1. Flat heads
2. Formed Heads
3. Plan formd heads
4. Conical head

a. (1) (2)
b. (2) (3)
c. (3) (4)
d. (1) (4)

55. Opening are provided in pressure vessels for, which purposes.Choose incorrect option

a. Inlet ang outlet connection and drain pipe connection

b. Pressure gauge connection and safety device connection
c. Manhole
d. Providing the additional thickness to the nozzel

56. Which of following sentence /s correct for area for area method compensation.

1. In the portion of the shell as exess thickness

2. In the portion of the nozzle outside the vessel as exess thickness
3. In the portion of the nozzle inside the vessls as excess thickness and in the reinforcement pad
4. All of the above

57. Method /s of reniforcement classified as belows ?

a. External reniforcement
b. Internal Reniforcement
c. Balanced reniforcement
d. All of the above

58. How Increases pressure capacity (Pre – Stressing) of thick cylinder . Choose correct method /s

a. Autofrettage
b. Wire wound cylinder and Tap wound cylinder
c. Compound Cylinder
d. All of the above
59. According to Lame’s equation, the thickness of cylindrical shell is given
by,
a. P i D i ⁄ 2 σ t
b. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + ( 1 − 2 μ ) P i ∕ √σ t − ( 1 + μ ) P i - 1 )
c. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + ( 1 − μ ) P i ∕ √σ t − ( 1 + μ ) P i - 1 )
d. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + P i ∕ √σ t − P i - 1 )

where D i , P i , σt and μ are inner diameter, internal pressure, permissible tensile

stress and Poisson’s ratio respectively.

60. According to Clavarino’s equation, the thickness of cylindrical shell is

given by,

a. P i D i ⁄ 2 σ t
b. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + ( 1 − 2 μ ) P i ∕ √σ t − ( 1 + μ ) P i - 1 )
c. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + ( 1 − μ ) P i ∕ √σ t − ( 1 + μ ) P i - 1 )
d. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + P i ∕ √σ t − P i - 1 )

where D i , P i , σt and μ are inner diameter, internal pressure, permissible tensile

stress and Poisson’s ratio respectively.

61. According to Birnie’s equation, the thickness of cylindrical shell is given

by,

a. P i D i ⁄ 2 σ t
b. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + ( 1 − 2 μ ) P i ∕ √σ t − ( 1 + μ ) P i - 1 )
c. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + ( 1 − μ ) P i ∕ √σ t − ( 1 + μ ) P i - 1 )
d. t = D i ⁄ 2 ( √σ t + P i ∕ √σ t − P i - 1 )

where D i , P i , σt and μ are inner diameter, internal pressure, permissible tensile

stress and Poisson’s ratio respectively.