Module 13

Fundamental Frequency Estimation

Methods
Dr.-Ing. Azmi Mohamed Yusof
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
Content
1. Course outcomes
2. Introduction
3. Stiffness influence coefficient
4. Flexibility influence coefficient
5. Review on matrix
6. Dunkerley’s method
7. Rayleigh’s method
8. Vibration analysis using modern programming tools

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2.0 Introduction
• Influence coefficients

▪ It is a method to write the differential equation of motion directly in matrix

form.
▪ Stiffness influence coefficient, [k] method in finding the stiffness matrix,
[k]
▪ Flexibility influence coefficient, [a] method in finding the inverse for
stiffness matrix, [k]-1
▪ Inertia influence coefficient method in finding the mass matrix, [m]
▪ Only stiffness influence coefficient and flexibility influence coefficient will
be covered in this chapter.

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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
• Example

▪ Find the stiffness influence coefficients for the system shown below.

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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
• Example

▪ Determine the stiffness coefficient for the system shown below.

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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
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2.0 Stiffness Influence Coefficient
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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
• B. Flexibility influence coefficients

▪ Consider the spring-mass system as shown below

▪ Let the system be acted by force Fj and let the displacement at point i be
aij
▪ The flexibility influence coefficient aij means the deflection of point i due
to a unit load at point j

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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
• Example

▪ Find the flexibility influence coefficients of the system shown in the figure
below.

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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
• Example

▪ A uniform simply supported beam with Young's modulus E = 207 MPa

and moment of inertia I = 5 x 10-6 m4 and length ℓ = 1 m, carries two
masses m1 = 20 kg and m2 = 60 kg at the positions as shown in Figure
below. Obtain the flexibility matrix.

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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
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3.0 Flexibility Influence Coefficient
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4.0 Finding the Inverse of a Matrix [Review]
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4.0 Finding the Inverse of a Matrix [Review]
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4.0 Finding the Inverse of a Matrix [Review]
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Class exercise
▪ Obtain the flexibility influence coefficient for the vibrating system shown
below. Use x1 and x2 as generalized coordinates.

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Class exercise
• Solution

▪ This is a 2 DOF systems. We need to consider 2 cases with the flexibility

coefficient of a11, a21, a12 and a22.
▪ Case 1. Draw FBD, introduce F1 = 1 (and F2 =0) acting on roller disc and
substitute x1= a11 and x2 = a21.

▪ Apply equilibrium of moment for both rigid bodies and solve for a11, a21

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Class exercise

▪ Case 2. Draw FBD, introduce F2 = 1 (and F1 =0) acting on vertical rod

and substitute x1= a12 and x2 = a22.

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Class exercise
▪ Apply equilibrium of moment for both rigid bodies and solve for a12, a22.

▪ Write the flexibility coefficient into a matrix form

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Tutorial 5.1
▪ Obtain the flexibility coefficient for the following mechanical systems

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 Module 14
Fundamental Frequency Estimation
Methods
Dr.-Ing. Azmi Mohamed Yusof
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering
5.0 Dunkerley’s Formula
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5.0 Dunkerley’s Formula
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5.0 Dunkerley’s Formula
• Example

▪ A uniform simply supported beam with Young's modulus E = 207 MPa

and moment of inertia I = 5 x 10-6 m4 and length ℓ = 1 m, carries two
masses m1 = 20 kg and m2 = 60 kg at the positions as shown in Figure
below. Estimate the fundamental frequency using Dunkerley’s Formula.

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5.0 Dunkerley’s Formula
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6.0 Rayleigh’s Method
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6.0 Rayleigh’s Method
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6.0 Rayleigh’s Method
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6.0 Rayleigh’s Method
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6.0 Rayleigh’s Method
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6.0 Rayleigh’s Method
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6.0 Rayleigh’s Method
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6.0 Rayleigh’s Method
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Class exercise
▪ A shaft of 15 mm diameter is carrying two rotating disks of masses m1 =
10 kg and m2 = 15 kg as shown in figure below. Take E = 209 G Pa.
Obtain the flexibility coefficient of the system
Determine the natural frequency of the system using Dunkerley’s method
Determine the static deflection due to the loads
Use Rayleigh’s method to determine the natural frequency of the system.

P
a b

x ℓ=a+b

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Class exercise
• Solution

▪ This is a 2 DOF systems. We need to consider 2 cases with the flexibility

coefficient of a11, a21, a12 and a22.
▪ Case 1. Draw FBD, introduce F1 = 1 (and F2 =0) and substitute x1= a11
and x2 = a21.

▪ Apply bending equations and solve for a11, a21

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Class exercise

▪ Case 2. Draw FBD, introduce F2 = 1 (and F1 =0) and substitute x1= a12
and x2 = a22.

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Class exercise
▪ Apply bending equations and solve for a12, a22.

▪ Write the flexibility coefficient into a matrix form

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Class exercise
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Class exercise
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Class exercise
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Tutorial 5.2
▪ Figure below shows two masses that are connected by a tightly stretched
string of consistent tension T. Assuming the string tension does not vary
with the traverse motion of masses and if m1 = m2 = 1.5m and l1 = l3 = l
and l2 = 2l,
a. Determine the stiffness influence coefficient
b. Estimate the natural frequency using Rayleigh’s method (assuming the first
mode vector as [1 ½]T.
c. Obtain the flexibility influence coefficient
d. Estimate the natural frequency using Dunkerley’s method

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7.0 Vibration analysis using programming tools
• Introduction to matlab

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7.0 Vibration analysis using programming tools

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7.0 Vibration analysis using programming tools

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7.0 Vibration analysis using programming tools

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