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Learning outcomes
REVIEW 1 : Classification of rigid body motions
REVIEW 2 : Moment of inertia
Arm AB =
Arm BC =
Piston head =
∑ 𝐹=𝑚𝑎
Examples in vibration system
Acceleration
∑ 𝐺
𝑀 =𝐼 ¨
𝜃
2 1
𝐿 k 𝐿
3 3
∑ 𝐹=𝑚𝑎
∑ 𝐺
𝑀 =𝐼 ¨
𝜃
Example in vibration system
k = 2.5 kN/m
m = 20 kg
c = 325 Ns/m
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Solution
Learning outcomes
Free vibration of SDOF undamped system
Deriving the equation of motion (FBD method)
Deriving the equation of motion (Energy method)
Free vibration of SDOF damped system
Logarithmic decay
Tutorial problems
At the end of this chapter students should be able to state, derive and
apply the fundamental principle of vibration involving:-
deriving the equation of motion using the free body diagram method
deriving the equation of motion using the energy method
the dynamic response of undamped free vibration of SDOF systems
The dynamic response of free vibration with viscous damping of
SDOF system
(a)
A. Translation system (rectilinear)
Consider the spring-mass system shown in fig. (a)
The initial length of the spring is
Attach the mass at the spring ends, the spring
deflected at and rest to equilibrium
(b)
MEC 521 – VIBRATIONS : Dr. Azmi M.Yusof 25
3.0 Free vibration of SDOF undamped system
The FBD for the mass in equilibrium is shown in Fig. (b), then
= static deflection 1
Let the mass be deflected a distance +x (downward), using
Newton’s second law we have,
𝑋
𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑
O
𝜔𝑛 𝑡
𝑋
a) From
e)
f)
8
Torsional spring constant is given by
12
x
Include your
positive z-axis
direction too
Example:
For k = 500 N/m, obtain the equation of motion for the spring-mass system
shown in Fig. 1. Find the period of oscillation.
x
3k
2k k
20 kg
2k
Fig. 1
MEC 521 – VIBRATIONS : Dr. Azmi M.Yusof 40
5.0 Equation of motion (FBD method)
Solution
Draw FBD & KD 𝑚 𝑥¨
3𝑘𝑥 20 kg
0 .67 𝑘𝑥 20 kg
2𝑘𝑥
FBD KD
Fig. 2
Fig. 1
Fx
W = mg
Solution
Draw the FBD and Kinetic diagram
Fig. 1
Apply
Finally we obtain:
Fig. 2
Thus
𝑚𝑔 𝑃+𝑘𝑥
FBD
Important finding
The rigid body weight disappeared in the equation of
motion
𝐼 𝜃¨
To make the solution step shorter, simply omit the step of
finding the support force (static equilibrium case)
Discard body weight in the equation.
KD
Important finding
The weight of rigid body disappeared in the equation of motion
To make the solution step shorter, simply omit the step of finding the support
force (static equilibrium case)
Discard body weight in the equation.
I
k
2r
m x
2k
O
θ
2L/3 L/3
k
Fig. 1
Simplifying we obtain
k = 2.5 kN/m
m = 20 kg
c = 325 Ns/m
c)
From FBD in fig (b) & using Newton’s law, we obtain the
equation of motion as:
17
For, a = 0, we obtain
and also
Cc is called the critical damping constant
18
21
Linear function
22
But, ,
𝑚 𝑥¨
mg
𝑘𝑥
Finding the natural frequency,
FBD & KD
k2 c2
Equation of motion,
Natural frequency, , ;
But, ;
Thus,
Thus ,
At t = 1.0 s, m
The amplitude of the next cycle occurs one period later, i.e at
27
Answer
a)
(e)
(b)
(f)
(c)
t (s)
Fig. 9.2
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