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MATHS

BOOKS CENGAGE MATHS (ENGLISH)

LOGARITHM

All Questions

1. Solve:
|x
2
3x − 10x + 3
− 3| = 1

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2. Find the smallest integral value of x


satisfying (x
2
x − 6x + 8
− 2) ) > 1

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3. Find the number of solutions of equation
(2x − 3)2
x
= 1

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4. Find the value of (log) 2√3


1728.

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1 1
5. Prove that < (log)
10
3 < .

3 2

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6. Arrange (log) 2
5, (log)
0.5
5, (log) 5, (log) 5
7 3

in decreasing order.

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7. Prove that number (log) 7


is an irrational number.
2
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8. Which of the following numbers are positive/negative?


(log) 7
2

(ii)
1
(log)
0.2

(iii) (log)
3
1/3
(
(iv) (log) 3
(v) (log)
)
4 2
((log) 9)
2
5

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9. Find the value of log tan 1 0 0


log tan 2 .......... . log tan 89
0

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10. If a, b, c
are consecutive positive integers and (log(1 + ac) = 2K,

then the value of K


is
(a) log b
(b) log a
(c) 2
(d) 1

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a + (log) 3 a + (log) 3 1 2 1
11. If ,then b is equal to
(2)
(c)
4 8
= = b
a + (log) 3 a + (log) 3 2 3 3
2 4

3
(d)
2

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12. If p > 1 and q > 1 are such that log(p + q) = log p + log q, then the

value of log(p − 1) + log(q − 1) is equal to (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) none of

these

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1 + 2(log) 2
13. The value of
is
2 (b) 3
(c) 4 (d)
1
3 2
+ ((log) 2)
6
2
(1 + (log) 2)
3

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1
14. If (log) 5 = aand(log) 6 = b,
4 5

then (log) 2
3

is equal to

(b)
2a + 1
1 1

(c) 2ab + 1
(d)
2b + 1 2ab − 1
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15. If (log) 10
2 = a, (log)
10
3 = bthen(log)
0 . 72
(9. 6) in terms of a and b is
2a + 3b − 1 5a + b − 1 3a + b − 2
equal to (a) (b) (c) (d)
5a + b − 2 3a + 2b − 2 2a + 3b − 1

2a + 5b − 2

3a + b − 1

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16. There exists a natural number N


which is 50 times its own logarithm

to the base 10, then N


is divisible by

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(log) 24 (log) 192


17. The value of
is
3 (b) 0
(c) 2 (d) 1
2 2

(log) 2 (log) 2
96 12

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18. (log) x−1
x(log)
x−2
(x − 1).... . (log)
x − 12
(x − 11) = 2, x
is equal to:

9 (b) 16
(c) 25 (d) none of these

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19. If (log) a
and(log)
3 = 2
b
8 = 3 , then prove that (log) a
b = (log) 4.
3

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20. If a 4 5
b = 1 then the value of log a
5
(a b )
4
equals

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21. The value of 3 ( log )


4
5
− 5
( log )
4
3

is
0 (b) 1
(c) 2 (d) none of these

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22. If 2
x+y
= 6
y
and x−1
3
y +1
= 2 , then the value of

(log 3 − log 2)(x − y) is

A. 1

B. (log) 2
3 − (log) 2
3

3
C. log( )
2

D. none of these

Answer: C

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x
( ( log ) ( log ) log ( ) )

23. The value of x


satisfying the equation
3√5
1
5 5 5
( log )5 2 =3
5

(b)
3 (c) 18 (d) 54

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24. If √(log) 2
x − 0. 5 = (log) √x,
2

then x
equals
odd integer
(b) prime

number
composite number (d) irrational

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log x log y log z


25. If = = , then which of the following is/are true?
b − c c − a a − b

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26. if (log) y
x + (log) y = 2, x
x
2
+ y = 12,
the value of
is
9 (b) 12 (c)
xy

15 (d) 30

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27. If (x + 1)
( log )
10
( x+1)
= 100(x + 1),
then
all the roots are positive

real numbers
all the roots lie in the interval (0,100)
all the roots lie in the

interval [-1,99]
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28. If
10
(log) x + (log) 2 =
2 x
= (log) y + (log) 2andx ≠ y, thex + y =
2 y

2
3

(b) 65/8 (c) 37/6 (d) none of these

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1
29. If (log) 10
[
x
] = x[(log)
10
5 − 1]
, then x =
4 (b) 3
(c) 2 (d)
2 + x − 1

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30. If (log) 3
{5 + 4(log) (x − 1)} = 2,
3

then x
is equal to
4 (b) 3
(c) 8 (d)

(log) 16
2

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31. If (log) 3
y = xand(log) z = x,
2

find 72
in terms of y
x
and z.

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32. If 2x ( log )
4
3
+ 3
( log )
4
x
= 27,
then x
is equal to

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33. Equation

(log) (3 − x) + (log) (3 + x) = (log) (1 − x) + (log) (2x + 1)has


4 0 . 25 4 0 . 25

only one prime solution


two real solutions
no real solution
(d) none of

these

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34. The value of b for which the equation

2(log) 1 (bx + 28) = − (log) (12 − 4x − x )


5
2
has coincident roots is
25
A. b = − 12

B. b = 4 or b = − 12

C. b = 4 or b = 12

D. b = − 12

Answer: B

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35. If the equation x


2 + 4
y
= 2
y
+ 4
x

is solved for y
in terms of x
where

x < 0,
then the sum of the solution is
(a) x(log) (1 − 2 )
2
x

(b)

x + (log) (1 − 2 )
2
x

(c)(log) 2
x
(1 − 2 )
(d) x(log) 2
x
(2 + 1)

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3
36. The product of roots of the equation 2
= 3
is
1 (b) (c)
1/3 (d)
(log8 x)

1/4
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37. Let a > 1


be a real number. Then the number of roots equation

a
2 ( log )
2
x
= 15 + 4x
( log )
2
a

is
2 (b) infinite (c)
0 (d) 1

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38. The number of roots of the equation (log)


3√ x
x + (log)
3x

is
1
√x = 0

(b) 2
(c) 3 (d) 0

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39. The number of elements in set of all x


satisfying the equation
1

(a)1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 0
2 2
log x + ( log x) − 10
x 3 3
= is
2
x

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40. Number of real values of x
satisfying the equation
x − 1
,is
2 2
log (x − x) ⋅ log ( ) + (log x) = 4
2 2 2
x

A. 0

B. 2

C. 3

D. 4

Answer: B

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41. If
x(y + z − x) y(z + x − y) z(x + y − z)
y x x z
= = , provethatx y = z y =
log x log y log z

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42. If xy
2
= 4and(log) ((log) x) + (log)
3 2
1 ((log) 1 y) = 1, thenxequals
3 2

4 (b) 8
(c) 16 (d) 64

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43. If x 1
andx 2
are the roots of the equation 2
e x
ln x
= x
3

with x1 > x2 ,

then
x 1
= 2x 2
(b) x 1

= x22 2x 1 = x22
(d) x12 = x23

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44. The number of real values of the parameter k


for which

(log16 x)
2
− (log)
16
x + (log)
16

with real coefficients will have
k = 0

exactly one solution is


2 (b) 1
(c) 4 (d)
none of these

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45. x ( log )
5
x

implies
x
> 5 ∈ (0, ∞)
(b) [2,2.5] (c)
(2,2.5) (d) (0,2.5)
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46. If S = {x ∈ N : 2 + (log) √x + 1 > 1 − (log)


2
1 √4 − x }
2

, then
2

S = {1}
(b) S = Z
(d) S = N
(d) none of these

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47. If S = {x ∈ R : ((log)
0.6
0. 216)(log) (5 − 2x) ≤ 0},
5

then S
is

equal to
(2. 5, ∞)
(b) (2, 2.5)
(c) (2, 2.5)
(d) (0, 2.5)

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1 1
48. Solution set of the inequality x
>
x−1

is
1, ∞)
(b)
2 − 1 1 − 2

4 4
0, (log) (
2
)
(c) (

− 1, ∞) (0, (log) (
2
) ∪ (1, ∞)
3 3

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49. If (log) 2
x + (log) y ≥ 6,
2

then the least value of x + y
is 4 (b)
8 (d) 16

(d) 32

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50. Which of the following is not the solution


5 1 5 1
log (
x
− ) > ( − ) ?
2 x 2 x

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51. The solution set of the inequality


11
(log)
10
(x
2
− 16) ≤ (log)
10
(4x − 11)
is
4, ∞)
(b) (4, 5)
(c) ( , ∞)
(d)
4

11
( , 5)
4

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52. Solve : 2(25) x x


− 5(10 ) + 2(4 ) ≥ 0.
x
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2
x + x
53. Solution set of the inequality (log)
0.8
((log)
6
) < 0
is

x + 4

( − 4, − 3)
(b) (

− 3, 4) ∪ (8, ∞) ( − 3, ∞)
(d) ( − 4, − 3) ∪ (8, ∞)

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54. Which of the following is not the solution of


3
(log) (x
3
2
− 2) < (log) (
3
|x| − 1)
is
(√2, 2)
(b) ( − 2, − √2)
2

( − √2, 2
(d) none of these

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55. The true solution set of inequality (log)


( x+1)
(x
2
− 4) > 1
is equal

1 + √21 1 − √21 1 + √21


to (a) (2, ∞)
(b)
(2, )
(c) ( , )
(d)
2 2 2

1 + √21
( , ∞)
2
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56. Solve the following equation of

x : 2(log) a + (log) a + 3(log) 2 a = 0, a > 0


x ax a x

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57. If (log) k
x log k = (log) 5, k ≠ 1, k > 0,
5 x

then x
is equal to
k
(b) 1/5

(c) 5 (d) none of these

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58. If
satisfy the equation
then
are
x
√x
p, q ∈ N x = ( √x) , pandq

(a)relatively prime (b) twin prime (c)


coprime
(d)if (log) p
is defined, then q

(log) q
p

is not and vice versa

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59. Which of the following, when simplified, reduces to unity?
(a)
.
2 log 2 + log 3

(b)
. (c)
2
(log) 5log 20 + ((log) 2)
10 10 10
log 48 − log 4

1 64
− (log) (log) √5√9
5 3

(d) (log) √3 ( )
6 2 27

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60. If (log) x = b
a

for permissible values of a and x,
then identify the

statement(s) which can be correct.


(a)If a and b
are two irrational

numbers, then
x
can be rational.
(b)If a
is rational and b
is irrational, then

x
can be rational.
(c)If a
is irrational and b
is rational, then x
can be

rational.
(d)if aandb
are rational, then x
can be rational.

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61. Find the number of solution to equation (log) 2


(x + 5) = 6 − x :

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62. The equation (log)
x+1
(x − .5) = (log)
x −0.5
(x + 1)
has
(A) two real

solutions
(B) no prime solution
(C) one integral solution
(D) no irrational

solution

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3(1 − a)
63. If (log)
10
5 = aand(log)
10
3 = b, then
(A)(log)
30
8 =
b + 1

a + b 1 − a
(B)(log)
40
15 =
(C)(log) 243
32 =
(d) none of these
3 − 2a b

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(log) a
64. The value of
(a) independent of
2
( log ) b b
(6a e
((log) 2 b) is
a
( log ) a ( log ) b
e e e

a
(b) independent of b
(c)independent of aand b
(d) dependent on b

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65. The inequality √x ( log )
2
√x

is satisfied by
(A) only one value of
≥ 2 x

1
(B) x ∈ (0, (

)] (C)x ∈ [4, ∞)
(d) x ∈ (1, 2)
4

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66. If (log) b = 2, (log) c = 2, and(log) c = 3 + (log) a,


a b 3 3

then the

value of c / (ab)
is............

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67. The value of (log


is ............
3 3

10
2) + log10 8 log10 5 + (log10 5)

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B
68. If (log) A = (log) B = (log) (A + B), then [4(
4 6 9

)] (where [
]
A

represents the greatest integer function) equals ..............

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69. Integral value of x
which satisfies the equation
4
= log6 54 + (log) 16 = (log) x − (log) ( )is..
x √2 36
9

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70. The difference of roots of the equation


is
2
3 6
((log) x ) = (log) x
27 27

.......

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71. Sum of all integral values of x


satisfying the inequality
5


is......
( ) log ( 12 − 3x )
2 log x
(3 ) − (3 ) > 32

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72. Find the number of solutions of the following equations:

1
− 2
x 2 (log) x = 1 x − 4x + 3 − (log) x = 0
0.5 2

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1
73. The least integer greater than (log) (15) ⋅ (log)
2
1 2 ⋅ (log)
3

is
6 6

................

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2 3
74. The reciprocal of 6
+
6

is ............
(log) (2000) (log) (2000)
4 5

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1
75. Sum of integers satisfying √(log) x − 1 −
2
(log) (x ) + 2 > 0
2
3

is......

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76. Number of integers satisfying the inequality (log) 1 |x − 3| ≻ 1
is.....
2

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77. Number of integers ≤ 10


satisfying the inequality
1 1
2(log) 1 (x − 1) ≤ −
is............
2 3 (log) 2 8
x −x

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78. The value of (log) √ 4 + 2√ 2√ 4 − 2√ 2


2
9

is...........

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1
( log ) ( )
4 1
79. The value of
1
2

5 5 + (log) + (log) 1
√2
√7 + √3 2
10 + 2√21

is.........

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(log) 250 (log) 10
80. The value of N
is...........
5 5
= −
(log) 5 (log) 5
50 1250

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81. The number of positive integers satisfying

x + (log)
10
x
(2 + 1) = x(log)
10
5 + (log)
10

is...........
6

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82. The x, y, z
are positive real numbers such that
2 1
(log)
2x
z = 3, (log)
5y
z = 6, and(log)
xy
z = ,
then the value of ( )
3 2z

is ............

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83. Find the value of


(log) 2
(293 − 2) + (log) (1233 + 4 + 493) .
2
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84. Solve for x : 4 x x−1/2


3
x+1/2
= 3 − 2
2x − 1

.

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85. Solve the following equation of

x : 2(log) a + (log) a + 3(log) 2 a = 0, a > 0


x ax a x

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7
86. If (log) 2, (log) (2
3 3
x
− 5)and(log) (2
3
x

are in arithmetic
)
2

progression, determine the value of x .

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87. The solution of the equation (log) 7


(log) ( √x + 5 + √x = 0
5

is...
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88. The least value of the expression 2(log)


10
x − (log) (0.01) .
x

for x > 1

is
(a)10 (b)2
(c) − 0. 01
(d)4

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89. If In(a + c), ln(a − c), ln(a − 2b + c)


are in AP ,
.

then

. . .

a, b, c, are ∈ A P .
(b) a 2 2 2
, b , c are ∈ A P . a, b, c

are in GP .
(d) a, b, c
are
.

in H P .

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90. Let (x 0 , y0 )
be the solution of the following equations:

1 1 1
(2x)
1n2
= (3y)
1n3

31nx
= 2
1ny

The x
is

0

(b)
(c)
(d) 6
6 3 2

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3
x 5

91. The equation


has
at least one real
2 + ( log ) x−
2 4
((log) x) = √2
2
4

solution
exactly three solutions
exactly one irrational solution
complex

roots

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2(log) 2 2 1
92. If 3
, then

(b)

x x−1 3
= 4 x =
2(log) 2 − 1 2 − (log) 3 1 − (log) 3
3 2 4

2(log) 3
(d) 2

2(log) 3 − 1
2

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a + b 1
93. If loge ( ) = (loge a + loge b),
then find the relation
2 2

between aandb .

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94. Let
An integer k
satisfying
( − a)
−k+3
a = (log) (log) 2. 1 < 2 < 2,
3 3

must be less than ..........

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⎡ 1 
1 1
95. The value of
6 + (log) 3 ⋅

(4 − )√4 − .......
is
2 ⎷
⎣ 3√2 3√2 3√2

...............

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96. If xandy
are real numbers such that 2 log(2y − 3x) = log x + log y

x
,then find .
y

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97. What is logarithm of 32√4 5


to the base ?
2√2
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98. Which is greater: x = (log) 5 or y = (log)


3 17
25 ?

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99. y = 2
( log )
x
4
, then find x in terms of y.

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100. If n > 1, thenprovethat

1 1 1 1
+ + + = .

(log) n (log) n (log) n (log) n


2 3 53 53 !

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101. If a x
= b, b
y
= c, c
z
= a,
then find the value of xyz .

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102. Find the value of

((log) 4)((log) 5)((log) 6)((log) 7)((log) 8)((log) 9) .


3 4 5 6 7 8

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103. If y 2
= xz and a
x
= b
y
= c ,
z

then prove that (log) a
b = (log) c
b

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1 1 1
104. Simplify:
+ +
1 + (log) bc 1 + (log) ca 1 + (log) ab
a b c

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105. Suppose x, y, z = 0
and are not equal to 1 and

log x + log y + log z = 0.


Find the value of
1 1 1 1 1 1
+ + +
x log y ^ (log z) y log z ^ (log x) z log x ^ (log y)

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106. If (log) 12
27 = a,
then find (log) 6
16∫ ermsofa

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1 + ( log ) 2
1 7 − 1 ( log ) (7)

107. Find the value of


(
1
( )
) + 5 5

49

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108. Find the value of


81
( )
( 1 / log 3) log 36 log 9
5
+ (27 9
) + 3 7

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1 3
2
( log ) x ( log ) (x +1)
2 − 3 − 2x
109. Prove that
2 4 27

> 0
4 ( log ) x
7 49
− x − 1

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110. Prove that:

b a .
( √ ( log ) 4√ab + ( log ) 4√ab − √ ( log ) 4√ + ( log ) 4√ )
a b a a b b

2 √(log) a b = {2 if b ≥ a

if 1

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111. Which of the following pairs of expression are defined for the same

set
of values of x
?
f1 (x) = 2(log) xandf2 (x) = (log)
2 10
x
2

2
f1 (x) = (log)x × andf2 (x) = 2

f1 (x) = (log) (x − 2) + (log) (x − 3)andf2 ( x ) = (log) (x − 2)(x − 3)


10 10 10

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112. Solve (log) 4


8 + (log) (x + 3) − (log) (x − 1) = 2.
4 4

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113. Solve log( − x) = 2 log(x + 1) .


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114. Solve (log) 2


(3x − 2) = (log) 1 x
2

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115. Solve 2x+2


27
x/ ( x−1)
= 9

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116. Solve: (log) 2


(4.3
x
− 6) − (log) (9
2
x
− 6) = 1.

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117. Solve : 6((log) x


2 − (log) x) + 7 = 0.
4

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118. Solve 4 (base is e).
log log 2
2 x
= log x − (log x) + 1

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119. Solve:
4(log) x ( √x) + 2(log)
4x
2
(x ) = 3(log)
2x
3
(x ) .
2

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120. Solve
4 ( log )
9
x
− 6
( log )
9
2
+ 2
( log )
3
27
= 0

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1 1
121. Solve: x
los 2 √x
= (2. x
( log )
2
x
).
4 4

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122. Solve |x
2 2 3
( log x) − log x = |x −1|
10 10
− 1|
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123. Solve (log) 2


(x − 1) > 4.

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124. Solve (log) 3


(x − 2) ≤ 2.

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125. Solve : (log) 0.3


(x
2
− x + 1) > 0

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126. log2
|x − 1| < 1

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x − 1
127. Solve : (log) 2
> 0
x − 2

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3 − x
128. (log) 0.5
< 0
x + 2

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129. Solve: (log) 3


(2x
2
+ 6x − 5) > 1

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130. Solve (log) 0 . 04


(x − 1) ≥ (log)
0.2
(x − 1)

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131. Solve : (log) ( x+3)


(x
2
− x) < 1
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log (x − 1)
132. Solve: (log)
2
1 ( ) > 0
x+
x x − 2

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133. Solve log x


(x
2
− 10x + 22) > 0 .
log ( )
2
2

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2
x + 1
134. Solve: (log) 0.1
((log) (
2
) < 0
x − 1

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x − 1
135. Solve: x
≤ 1.
(log) (9 − 3 ) − 3
3

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2
10a
log
1 3
136. Solve:
( ) + 2 >
2 ( log ) ( −a)
2 10

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137. Write the characteristic of each of the following numbers by using

their standard forms:


1235.5      (ii)  346.41        (iii) 
62.723       (iv)  7.12345

0.35792    (vi)  0.034239  


(vii)  0.002385   (viii) 0.0009468

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138. Write the significant digits in each of the following numbers to

compute the mantissa of their logarithms:


3.239      (ii)  8        
        (iii) 

0.9      
    (iv)  0.02
0.0367    (vi)  89               (vii) 
0.0003    (viii) 0.00075

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139. Find the mantissa of the logarithm of the number 5395


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140. Find the mantissa of the logarithm of the number 0.002359

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141. Use the logarithm tables to find the logarithm of the following

numbers
(1)25795 (ii)25.795

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142. Find the antilogarithm of each of the following:


2.7523          (ii) 

3.7523      
(iii)  5.7523           (iv)  0.7523
1.7523      (vi)  2.7523      
(vii)  3.7523

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143. Evaluate (72.3)


1

3
if log 0. 723 = 1. 8591.
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144. Using logarithms, find the value of 6.45 x 981.4

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145. Let
Find the characteristic and mantissa of the
20
.
x = (0. 15)

logarithm of x
to the base 10. Assume

(log) 2 = 0. 301and(log) 3 = 0. 477.


10 10

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146. If (log) 10
2 = 0. 30103, (log)
10
3 = 0. 47712,
then find the number of

digits in 3 12
⋅ 2
8

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147. In the 2001 census, the population of India was found to be 8. 7x107
.

If the population increases at the rate of 2.5% every year, what would
be

the population in 2011?

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148. Find the compound interest on Rs. 12000 for 10 years at the rate of

12%
per annum compounded annually.

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149. If P is the number of natural numbers whose logarithms to the base

10 have the the charecteristic p and Q is the numbers of natural numbers

logarithms of whose reciprocal to the base 10 have the charecteristics -q.

then find the value of log10


P − log10 Q

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150. Let L
denote antilog_32 0.6 and M denote the number of positive

integers which
have the characteristic 4, when the base of log is 5, and N
LM
denote the value
of 49 ( 1 − ( log )
7
2)
+ 5
− ( log )
5
4.

Find the value of .

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151. If

x = (log) a, y = (log) 2a, z = (log) 3a, provethat1 + xyz = 2yz.


2a 3a 4a

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152. Solve the equations for x .


log 3 log 4 log x log y
and y : (3x) = (4y) , 4 = 3

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153. If a = (log)
12
18, b = (log)
24
54,
then find the value of ab + 5(a − b) .

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1 1 1

154. If
y = a
1 − ( log )
a
x
and z = a
1 − ( log )
a
y
,then prove that x = a
1 − ( log )
a
z

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155. Solve (log) x


2(log)
2x
2 = (log)
4x
2.

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156. Let a, b, c, d
be positive integers such that
3 5
(log) b =
a
and(log) d =
c

If
. (a − c) = 9,
then find the value of
2 4

(b − d) .

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157. Solve √log( − x) = log √x


2

(base is 10).

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158. If a ≥ b > 1,
then find the largest possible value of the expression
a b
(log) ( ) + (log) ( ).
a b
b a

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159. Solve : 3 ( log


9
x)
× 2 = 3√3

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2x − 3
160. Solve the inequality √(log) 2
( ) < 1
x − 1

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161. Find the number of solutions of equation 2 x x


+ 3
x
+ 4
x
− 5 = 0

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162. Solve x ( log )
y
x
= 2andy
( log )
x
y
= 16

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163. Solve (log) 2x


2 + (log) 2x =
4
− 3 / 2.

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164. Solve for: x : (2x)


.
( log ) 2 ( log ) 3
b b
= (3x)

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165. If (log) b
a(log) a + (log) b(log) b + (log) c(log) c = 3
c a c a b

(where a, b, c

are different positive real numbers ≠ 1),


then find the value of abc
.

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166. If
(log) N (log) N − (log) N
a a b
= , whereN > 0andN ≠ 1, a, b, c > 0
(log) N (log) N − (log) N
c b c

and not equal to 1, then prove that b 2


= ac

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167. Given aandb


are positive numbers satisfying


Find the range of values of aandb
2 2
.
4(log10 a) + ((log) b) = 1.
2

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168. Solve:

2 2
(log) (6x + 23x + 21) + (log) (4x + 12x + 9) = 4
( 2x + 3 ) ( 3x + 7 )

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169. (log) 18
4

is
a rational number
(b) an irrational number
(c)a prime

number
(d) none of these

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170. The number of N = 6 − (6(log)


10
2 + (log)
10
31)
lies between two

successive integers whose sum is equal to


(a)5 (b) 7 (c) 9 (c) 10

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171. Given that log(2) = 0. 3010,


the number of digits in the number

2000
2000

is
6601 (b)
6602 (c) 6603 (d) 6604

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1 1
172. If (21. 4)
, then the value of
is 0 (b) 1
a b
= (0. 00214) = 100 −
a b

(c) 2
(d) 4
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173. The value of log ab − log|b| =


log a
(b) log|a|
(c) − log a
(d) none of

these

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