ISABELA STATE UNIVERSITY

Cauayan City, Isabela

COLLEGE OF COMPUTING STUDIES, INFORMATION

AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

FINAL EXAMINATION
IT 223 – QUANTITATIVE METHODS (Including Modelling and Simulation) Submission
Schedule: JUNE 23, 2022 @11:59PM
LAGUN, ROVELYN BSIT 2A

DIRECTIONS: READ THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS/SITUATIONS. ANSWER

THEM SUBSTANTIALLY. (60 points)
Part I. Types of Quantitative Research (40 points)
1. Describe the following: (25pts)
a. Descriptive Research
Descriptive research is used to describe characteristics of a population or
phenomenon being studied. It does not answer questions about how/when/why the
characteristics occurred. Rather it addresses the “what” question.
b. Correlational Research
A correlational research design investigates relationships between two variables (or
more) without the researcher controlling or manipulating any of them. It’s a non-
experimental type of quantitative research.
c. Casual-Comparative Research
Causal-comparative research attempts to identify a cause-effect relationship between
two or more groups. Causal-comparative studies involve comparison in contrast to
correlation research which looks at relationship.
d. Quasi-Experimental Research
A quasi-experiment is a type of research design that attempts to establish a cause-
and-effect relationship. The main difference with a true experiment is that the groups
are not randomly assigned.
e. Experimental Research
Experimental research, also called experimentation, is research conducted using a
scientific approach using two or more variables. The first variable is a constant that
you can manipulate to see the differences caused in the second variable. Most studies
under quantitative research methods are experimental in nature.
 2. Among the mentioned types of researches above, select two, compare and contrast
them by citing an example. (5pts)
There are two main categories of research methods: qualitative research methods and
quantitative research methods. Quantitative research methods involve using numbers
to measure data. Researchers can use statistical analysis to find connections and
meaning in the data.

3. Which type of research does your current researches belong to? State the reasons why.
(10pts)
A thumb rule for deciding whether to use qualitative or quantitative data is: Using
quantitative analysis works better if you want to confirm or test something (a theory
or hypothesis) Using qualitative research works better if you wish to understand
something (concepts, thoughts, experiences)

Part II. Modelling and Simulation (20 points)

1. There are various types of modelling and simulation software that are available today.
Search one among that software, describe its features. (10pts)
Modeling & Simulation Simulator Types A simulator is a device, computer program, or system that
performs simulation. A simulation is a method for implementing a model (see model types) over time.
There are three (3) types of commonly uses simulations: [1] Live: Simulation involving real people
operating real systems Involve individuals or groups May use actual equipment Should provide a
similar area of operations Should be close to replicating the actual activity Virtual: Simulation
involving real people operating simulated systems. Virtual simulations inject Human-In-The-Loop in a
central role by exercising: Motor control skills (e.g., flying an airplane) Decision skills (e.g., committing
fire control resources to action) Communication skills (e.g., members of a C4I team) Constructive:
Simulation involving simulated people operating simulated systems. Real people can stimulate (make
inputs) but are not involved in determining outcomes. Constructive simulations offer the ability to:
Analyze concepts Predict possible outcomes Stress large organizations Make measurements Generate
statistics Perform analysis Human-In-The-Loop simulations, also known as simulators, are a special
class of simulations. AcqLinks and References: Modeling & Simulation Guidance for the Acquisition
Workforce – Oct 208 DoD Instruction 5000.61 “DoD M&S Verification, Validation, and Accreditation
(VV&A)” – 9 Dec 2009 DoD 5000.59 “DoD Modeling and Simulation (M&S) Management” – 8 Aug 2007
DoD “M&S Body of Knowledge (BOK)” – June 2008 DoD 5000.59-M “M&S Glossary” – Jan 1998 DoD
“M&S Glossary” – 1 Oct 2011 Acquisition Modeling and Simulation Master Plan – 17 April 2006 White
Paper: JHU APL “Best Practices for the Development of M&A” – June 10 White Paper: Introduction to
Modeling and Simulation by Anu Maria White Paper: Introduction to Modeling and Simulation
Presentation: Manager’s Guide to the High-Level Architecture (HLA) for M&S – 11 May 2009 Website

2. What are the advantages of your chosen software as compared to the other software?
(10pts)

One of the most significant benefits of custom software development is that it enables
businesses to integrate with other programs seamlessly. Custom software
development also helps businesses with outdated systems to easily update their
business processes and make the essential shift to mobile and the cloud.
LIEZL S. ABUZO, Ph. D.
Instructor