Engineering Management and

Entrepreneurship:

Submitted by:
Aleena Sajjad
Roll No:
180381
Section:
BCE_8A
Submitted to:
Aamina Sheikh
Assignment Statement:
Conduct some research and describe what you understand by the term
‘Intellectual Property.
Describe the four key forms of Intellectual property in your own words
1. Copyrights
2. Trademarks
3. Trade secrets
4. Patents
Describe the process of obtaining them in Pakistan?
Intellectual property or IP is used to define intangible productions that
comes from human intellect therefore known as intellectual property. It
can be owned by either a single person or a company. These are
protected and cannot be used without permission of the original owner.
There are five such types of protected properties which are
I. Copyright material
II. Trademark
III. Trademark secret
IV. Patent
V. Tangible Research property

These are briefly described as follows:

 Copyright material:
Copyright material are materials having rights which can be given to others
by the owners to copy meaning anyone having the rights would be allowed
to reproduce the work. The exclusive rights remain with the official owners
but they can share their ownership with anyone by giving them copyright
access.
Example: The examples can include books, films, painting, artwork, poems,
even the content of webpages.
Representation: “©” is a symbol that is used to represent copyright
material.
Process of obtaining a copyright in Pakistan:
The procedure involve following steps:
I. Filing of application to registrar IPO
II. Examination of applications for discrepancy. If not found, application
would be accepted
III. Registrar would issue a Dairy No. and sent a publication in
newspaper.
IV. If objection is received, registrar would send a notice to both parties
and gives them a chance of hearing. This is to resolve the issues.
V. Issuance of Certificate by Registrar (Registration).

 Trade:
It includes symbols, designs or expressions which are used to identify or
recognize a product or service of a particular source from others.
Example: The examples brand names such as KFC, Starbucks or catch
phrases such as “LG: Life is good” or even song lyrics can be trade marked
Representation:
TM:
“™” is a symbol that is used to represent trademark material.
SM:
The “service mark symbol” which is letters “SM” in subscript are used for
an unregistered service represent or promote a brand or a service
®:
It is the symbol to represent registered trademark

Process of obtaining a trademark in Pakistan:

The procedure involve following steps:
I. Determine classification of your product or service as each product/ service
has different application
II. File for a Trademark Search (TM-55) application to IPO Pakistan.
III. File for Trademark Search Application (TM-1) for each class you want to
register your trademark.
IV. Response to objections raised by IPO Pakistan and appear before registrar
to answer any related queries.
V. After clearance, IPO will publish notice to issue your trademark in the
Trademark Journal.
VI. If public raises no issues, then finally you will have to submit Form TM-11
for each class which would confirm the registration.

 Trade secret:
It is a trademark material which is kept secret from the public and it adds
value to the business by keeping the secrecy. It can be formula, recipe,
process, design, pattern or method which is kept secret by its owner.
Example: The examples can include methods to convert raw material to
consumer goods or recipes for famous brands such as KFC or cocacola.
Google’s search algorithm is also an example of tradesecret.
 Patent:
A patent is an exclusive right for the production and distribution of a good
or for providing a service. It is usually a new way of doing things and thus is
protected by a patent to prevent others from doing the same thing for a
given amount of time. To get a patent one must reveal intricate details of
the invention to the public.
Example: Some of the famous examples of patents are light bulb,
computers, telephone, Bluetooth etc.
Process of obtaining a patent in Pakistan:
The procedure involve following steps:
I. Write a patent specification including necessary details such as field
of invention, background, detailed description, claims and drawings
of your design if any.
II. Filling Form P-1 or Form P-2 or in cases where true inventor is not
filing for application then fill out Form P-1A or Form P-2A. Also film
Form P-3A or Form P-3.
III. Pay for the filing fees which is non-refundable.
IV. Then send your application to any patent registration office or IPO
HQ.
V. After examination of your application, if there are no issues your
patent application would be accepted.