At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

Perform the operations of union, intersection and difference of

sets using proper notation.
Let U = {x | x is a Korean drama series}

Set A below contains the five nominees for best drama

series in the 56th Baeksang Arts Awards.

A = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms,

Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 2, Hyena}
Set B below contains the five nominees for best drama miniseries
in the 15th Seoul International Drama Awards.

B = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash

Landing on You, Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class}

Set C below contains the top five Highest Rated Korean Dramas
in 2019 & 2020, ranked according to IMDb.

C = {Hospital Playlist, Crash Landing on You, The King: Eternal

Monarch, Dinner Mate, Kingdom 1}
A = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash
Landing on You, Kingdom 2, Hyena}

B = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash

Landing on You, Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class}

C = {Hospital Playlist, Crash Landing on You, The King: Eternal

Monarch, Dinner Mate, Kingdom 1}
 Hot Stove League
When the Camellia Blooms
Crash Landing on You
are the Korean drama series that are both in sets A and B.

{Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash

Landing on You}
is the INTERSECTION of sets A and B.
A = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 2, Hyena}
B = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class}
C = {Hospital Playlist, Crash Landing on You, The King: Eternal Monarch, Dinner Mate, Kingdom 1}
 This is denoted by,
A ∩ B = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms,
Crash Landing on You}.

Likewise,
A ∩ C = {Crash Landing on You}
B ∩ C = { Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 1 }
A = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 2, Hyena}
B = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class}
C = {Hospital Playlist, Crash Landing on You, The King: Eternal Monarch, Dinner Mate, Kingdom 1}
In general, if S and T are 2 arbitrary sets
then S ∩ T = {x | x ∈ S and x ∈ T}.
 Now suppose we merge all of the elements of A with all of the elements of
B to form a single, larger set:

{Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You,
Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class, Kingdom 2, Hyena}

This new set is called the UNION of A with B, and is denoted by,
A ∪ B.
A ∪ B = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing
on You, Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class, Kingdom 2, Hyena}
A = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 2, Hyena}
B = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class}
C = {Hospital Playlist, Crash Landing on You, The King: Eternal Monarch, Dinner Mate, Kingdom 1}
 Likewise,
A ∪ C = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash
Landing on You, Kingdom 2, Hyena, Hospital Playlist, The King:
Eternal Monarch, Dinner Mate, Kingdom 1}

B ∪ C = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash

Landing on You, Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class, Hospital Playlist,
The King: Eternal Monarch, Kingdom 1, Dinner Mate}.

A = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 2, Hyena}
B = {Hot Stove League, When the Camellia Blooms, Crash Landing on You, Kingdom 1, Itaewon Class}
C = {Hospital Playlist, Crash Landing on You, The King: Eternal Monarch, Dinner Mate, Kingdom 1}
In general, for any arbitrary sets S and T,
then S ∪ T = {x | x ∈ S or x∈ T}.
We apply operations on sets in a manner comparable
with how we apply operations on real numbers. The
three fundamental operations on sets are set
intersection, set union, and set difference.

1. INTERSECTION OF SETS
2. UNION OF SETS
3. DIFFERENCE OF SETS
INTERSECTION OF SETS
Given two sets A and B, their
intersection denoted by A ∩ B, is the set
of elements common to both A and B.
A ∩ B = x x ∈ A and x ∈ B
EXAMPLE
Let A = a, b, c
B = b, c
C = x, y, z, a .

Find the following.

a. A ∩ B
b. B ∩ C
c. A ∩ C
EXAMPLE
Let A = a, b, c
B = b, c
C = x, y, z, a .

Find the following.

a. A ∩ B = b, c
b. B ∩ C = ∅
c. A ∩ C = a
DISJOINT SETS
Two sets are disjoint if their intersection is empty.
Find the intersection of the following sets.
Let A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}
C = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10}

a. A ∩ B = {3, 5, 7}
b. A ∩ C = {2, 4, 6}
c. C ∩ B = { } or Ø Hence, C and B are DISJOINT.
UNION OF SETS
Given two sets A and B, their set union, denoted by ∪
, is the set of elements that belong to either A or b or to
both.
A ∪ B = x x ∈ A or x ∈ B

The word “or” in our definition of set union using set

builder notation is an inclusive or. It means x is either
element A or of B or element of both.
EXAMPLE
Let
A = 4,5,7
B = 6,7
C = 1,5,7 .

Find the following.

a. A ∪ B
b. B ∪ C
c. A ∪ B ∪ C
EXAMPLE
Let
A = 4,5,7
B = 6,7
C = 1,5,7 .

Find the following.

a. A ∪ B = 4,5,6,7
b. B ∪ C = 1,5,6,7
c. A ∪ B ∪ C = 1,4,5,6,7
The set difference of A and B denoted by
A – B, is the set of all elements in A that
are not in B.
A – B = {x | x ∈ A but x∉ B
EXAMPLE
Let
A = 4,5,7
B = 6,7
C = 1,5,7 .

Find the following.

a. A − B = 4, 5, 7 − 6, 7
b. B ∪ C = 1,5,6,7
c. A ∪ B ∪ C = 1,4,5,6,7
EXAMPLE
Let
A = 4,5,7
B = 6,7
C = 1,5,7 .

Find the following.

a. A − B = 4, 5, 7 − 6, 7
A − B = 4, 5, 7 − 6,
7 A − B = 4, 5
EXAMPLE
More on difference of sets:

C − B = 1, 5, 7 − 6, 7
C − B = 1, 5, 7 − 6,
7 C − B = 1, 5

C − A = 1, 5, 7 − 4, 5, 7
C − A = 1, 5, 7 − 4, 5,
7 C−A= 1
REFERENCES
 Quintos, R. et.al. (2019). Mathematics in the modern world. Bulacan :
Saint Andrew Publishing House.
 Aufmann, R.N. et.al. (2018). Mathematics in the modern world. Manila:
Rex Bookstore, Inc.
 Nocon, R. & Nocon, E. (2018). Essential mathematics for the modern world.
Quezon City :C & E Publishing, Inc.
 Reyes, J.A. (2018). Mathematics in the modern world. Manila : Unlimited
Books Library Services and Publishing, Inc.
 Rodriguez, M., et. al. (2018). Mathematics in the modern world. Quezon
City: Nieme Publishing House Co. Ltd.
 Sirug, W. (2018). Mathematics in the modern world. Manila: Mindshapers
Co. Inc.