PHARMACY AND CHEMISTRY OF INORGANIC MEDICINALS 1 LECTURE

Summer 2022

MISCELLANEOUS INORGANIC PHARMACEUTICAL AGENTS

Name: Cabotaje, Ma. Laila Lyn C.___________________________________ Score: ______________

Course/Year/Section: BS Pharmacy 4th Year___________________________ Date: July 4, 2022_____
Class Schedule: Monday to Saturday 8:00-9:30__________________________
Instructor: Prof. Alexander Enrile, R.Ph_______________________________

QUESTIONS:

1) Name five official gases used as inhalants.

Ether, chloroform, halothane, and nitrous oxide (commonly called "laughing gas"

2) Give the color of cylinders for the different gases studied.

Poisonous and corrosive gas cylinders have yellow color while red colored cylinders indicate the
inflammable gas in them. Oxidizing gas cylinders are light blue in color and inert gas cylinders are bright
green.

3) What proportion of oxygen and helium gives a lighter respirable air?

When helium is substituted for nitrogen in the air, the specific gravity of the mixture 21 percent of oxygen
and 79 percent helium. The helium-oxygen mixture is 66 percent lighter.

4) Give a chemical test to differentiate oxygen and nitrous oxide.

To distinguish between nitrous oxide and oxygen.

Ignite the candle and lower it to the bottom of the test tube into the N2O(g). It will burn much longer than in
air and will burn with an enlarged flame. Repeat the candle experiment with O2(g) you will observe dazzling
combustion of a candle in the presence of oxygen.

5) What is the use of nitrous oxide in dentistry?

Nitrous oxide (N2O), more commonly referred to as laughing gas, is a mild sedative agent that safely and
effectively manages pain and anxiety during dental treatment. The colorless and odorless nitrous oxide is
mixed with oxygen and inhaled through a small mask that fits over your nose.

6) Give the use of respiratory stimulants.

A respiratory stimulant can arouse the patient sufficiently to allow effective physiotherapy and, by
stimulating respiration, can improve ventilation–perfusion matching.

7) Name the only official inorganic agent used as respiratory stimulant and give its active ingredients.

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 The only official inorganic agent used as respiratory stimulant is Aromatic Ammonia Spirit which is
composed of two active ingredients: Ammonium Carbonate and Strong Ammonia Solution.

8) What are expectorants and give the mechanisms of antidotal action.

Expectorants are used orally to stimulate the floe of respiratory tract secretions. They are used in the
treatment of respiratory disorders in which secretions are purulent, viscid or excessive.

9) Define antidote and give the mechanisms of antidotal action.

Antidotes are compounds that alter the action of a poison in the body to prevent, reverse, or mitigate the
toxic effects.
 By counteracting the effects of a poison by producing other effects (physiological antidote)
 By changing the chemical nature of the poison (chemical antidote)
 By preventing the adsorption of the poison into the body (mechanical antidote)

10) Name some tableting aids and give examples.

Some of tableting aids are diluents (ex: Calcium Sulfate, Colloidal Silicon Dioxide), lubricants (ex:Calcium
Stearate, Magnesium Stearate), and suspending agents(ex: Bentonite)

11) Give the property of bentonite making it a good suspending agent.

Bentonite is used as filler in pharmaceuticals, and due to its absorption/adsorption functions, it allows paste
formation. Such applications include industrial protective creams, calamine lotion, wet compresses, and ant
irritants for eczema. In medicine, bentonite is used as an antidote in heavy metal poisoning. Personal care
products such as mud packs, sunburn paint, baby and face powders, and face creams may all contain
bentonite.

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