Experiment 2.

2:Linear variable deffereintial transformer(LVDT)

Student Name: Shivam Hans UID: 21BCS3332

Branch: CSE Section/Group: 120-B
Semester: 2 Date of Performance:16/03/22
Subject Name: BEEE Subject Code:21ELH-101

1. Aim:
To study working of Linear Variable Differential Transformer / Linear Variable Displacement Transducer
(LVDT).

2.Apparatus:

Sr. no. Equipment names Specifications Quantity in no.

&range
1. LVDT 0-230v, 10ohm 1
2. CRO 0-230v, 30mhz 1
3. CRO Probes -------------------- 2
3. Circuit Diagram:

4. Steps for experiment:

1. Connect LVDT kit into mains and
switch ON the supply as shown in
Fig.2.
2. Connect ‘X’ channel of CRO to primary winding of LVDT and ‘Y’ channel of CRO to
output of secondary winding in LVDT kit.
3. Adjust micrometer scale at “0” position in order to coincide with “0” of venire scale.
4. If display of displacement is not showing “0” in LVDT, adjust scale error to have reading
equal to zero.
5. Scroll micrometer on either sideto have displacement of soft iron core on right side and left
side.
6. Note down the reading of amplitude of voltage by counting number of divisions and multiply
it with volt/div from CRO for a particular displacement.
7. Take five set of readings for displacement on right side and left side.
8. Record the readings in Table.
9. Plot graph of voltage amplitude vs. displacement and comment on the nature of graph.

5. Calculations/Theorems /Formulas used:

LVDT is an inductive transducer for translating the linear motion into an electrical
signal. It is suitable for use in applications where displacements are too large
ranging from a fraction of mm to few cm. For example, strain gauge, mechanical
displacement greater than 25 mm etc. LVDT can be connected with other
transducers in cascade for measurement of other physical quantities such as force,
weight, pressure etc.
When the core is moved inside the bobbin, coupling of primary to secondary
winding is varied.
Case 1: In null position of the core i.e. in central position, coupling of primary
winding to both of the secondary windings are equal. Thus, output voltages induced
in both of the secondary windings S1 and S2 are equal.
Case 2: As the core is moved toward left side from its null position, the magnetic
linkages to secondary winding S1 increases and to secondary winding S2 decreases.
This is because the portion of the core inside S1 increases and that inside S2
decreases. Thus, output voltage induced in S1 increases and output voltage induced
in S2 decreases.
Case 3: As the core is moved toward right side from its null position, the magnetic
linkages to secondary winding S2 increases and to secondary winding S 1
decreases. This is because the portion of the core inside S2 increases and that inside
S1 decreases. Thus, output voltage induced in S2 increases and output voltage
induced in S1 decreases. Since, S1 and S 2 are connected in series opposition,
difference in output voltages of secondary windings gives the measurement of
displacement.
6. Observations/Discussions:

sr.no. positive output negative output

displacement(mm) voltage(V) displacement(mm) voltage(V)
1. 2 0.4 -2 0.4
2. 4 0.6 -4 0.6
3. 6 0.8 -6 0.8
4. 8 1 -8 1

7. Percentage error (if any or applicable):

None.

8. Result/Output/Writing Summary:

The difference in comparison of voltage amplitude values at positive and negative

displacement
9. Graphs (If Any): Image/Soft copy of graph paper to be attached here
SOURCES OF ERROR:
1. Internal resistance of LVDT kit.
2. Residual magnetism of soft iron core in LVDT.
3. Internal resistance of CRO leads.
4. Effect of magnetic field surrounding the iron core.

Learning outcomes (What I have learnt):

1.Learn about the LVDT (linear variable differential transformer).

2. Learn about the CRO (cathode ray oscilloscope) (ELECTONIC TEST INSTRUMENT).
3. Learn about the CRO Probes.
4. Learn about the SELF INDUCTION and MUTUL INDUCTION.
5. Learn about the application of LVDT.

Evaluation Grid:

Sr. No. Parameters Marks Obtained Maximum Marks

1. Worksheet completion including writing 10
learning objectives/Outcomes.(To be
submitted at the end of the day).
2. Post Lab Quiz Result. 5
3. Student Engagement in 5
Simulation/Demonstration/Performance
and Controls/Pre-Lab Questions.
Signature of Faculty (with Date): Total Marks Obtained: