Reg. No.

Question Paper Code : 40215

B.E./B.Tech. DEGREE EXAMINATIONS, NOVEMBER/DECEMBER 2021.

Sixth Semester

Biomedical Engineering

BM 8651 – BIOMECHANICS

(Common to Medical Electronics)

(Regulations 2017)

Time : Three hours Maximum : 100 marks

Answer ALL questions.

PART A — (10  2 = 20 marks)

1. What is kinetics and kinematics?

2. What are force transducers? Mention any two of its applications in

biomechanics.

3. Differentiate between laminar and turbulent flow.

4. State the difference between dynamic and kinematic viscosity.

5. Draw the stress strain curve of a ligament?

6. What is stress shielding in load bearing implants?

7. List the different types of joints with examples.

8. Draw a free body diagram of elbow with weight on the palm.

9. Define a node and an element in FEA.

10. How is vibration level measured?

 PART B — (5  13 = 65 marks)

11. (a) Figure 1 illustrates a simplified version of a hamstring strength training

system for rehabilitation and athlete training protocols. From a seated
position, a patient or athlete flexes the lower leg against a set resistance
provided through a cylindrical pad that is attached to a load. For the
position illustrated, the tower leg makes an angle  with the horizontal.
Point O represents the knee joint, point A is the center of gravity of the
lower leg, W is the total weight of the lower leg, F is the magnitude of the
force applied by the pad on the lower leg in a direction perpendicular to
the long axis of the lower leg, a is the distance between points O and A,
and b is the distance between point O and the line of action of F
measured along the long axis of the lower leg.
(i) Determine an expression for the net moment about O due to
W and F. (7)
(ii) If a = 20 cm, b = 40 cm, y = 30, W = 60 N, and F = 200 N, calculate
the net moment about O. (6)

Fig. 1
Or

(b) (i) Explain the difference between Newtonian and non-Newtonian

fluids with an example. (7)
(ii) State the Newtons laws of motion with an example. (6)

12. (a) (i) What are the design considerations in prosthetic heart valve in
association with valve fluid dynamics? (7)
(ii) Write a note on blood rheology. (6)

Or

(b) (i) Explain with a neat diagram how viscosity is measured using a
cone and plate method. (7)
(ii) Explain the mechanics of arterial walls. (6)

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13. (a) (i) Describe Maxwell and Voight model of viscoelastic materials. (8)
(ii) Explain creep and recovery in viscoelastic materials. (5)

Or

(b) (i) Discuss the three components of Hill’s muscle model. (8)
(ii) Discuss about implants for bone fracture. (5)

14. (a) With a neat sketch, illustrate the biomechanics of knee joint.
Or

(b) Discuss about Gait analysis and its applications.

15. (a) Explain the steps involved in finite elements analysis to determine the
deformation of lumbar spine.

Or
(b) (i) Discuss various muscoloskeletal disorders. (7)
(ii) Explain the ergonomic principles used in designing a good work
place. (6)

PART C — (1 × 15 = 15 marks)

16. (a) Compare the bending moment acting on the spinal column at the level of
a lumbar vertebra for the following cases :
(i) A secretary bends down to pick up a book on the floor
(1) With the knees straight and
(2) With the knees bent.
(ii) A water skier skiing
(1) With the arms straight and
(2) With elbows hugging the sides.
Discuss these cases quantitatively with proper free body diagram.

Or
(b) Discuss the mechanical property of articular cartilage and compare its
tensile strength with tendors and ligaments.

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