LHV vs HHV Efficiency

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When it comes to defining operating efficiency, Thermal Fluid Heaters are often
rated by either Low Heating Value (LHV) or High Heating Value (HHV). The difference
in efficiency ratings is determined by whether the water vapor produced during the
combustion process is factored into the calculation. This can cause a significant
difference between the LHV and HHV efficiencies.

To help explain the differences in how LHV and HHV efficiency calculations, the
following points should be considered:

The combustion process produces water vapor and condensing this water vapor
releases a significant amount of energy.
The High Heating Value (HHV) efficiency calculation includes this energy while the
Low Heating Value (LHV) calculation does not.
Typical calorific values for natural gas in North America are:
HHV = 1,020 Btu/ft3
LHV = 910 Btu/ft3
LHV operating efficiencies are higher than HHV efficiencies due to the lower Btu
value being used in the efficiency calculation.