A.P STD 10

TUNBRIDGE HIGH SCHOOL
Mathematics
Arithmetic Progression
~Bindu varma
18/01/2021
TUNBRIDGE HIGH SCHOOL, Bangalore

Basic Terms
• A group of numbers which are arranged in a definite order following a certain rule is called
a sequence.
• Example:
• When the numbers (terms) in a sequence are connected to each other by plus sign or
minus sign, the sequence becomes series.
• Example: 2 + 6 + 10 + 14, … or
• −2 − 6 − 10 − 14 …
Friday, January 29, 2021 TUNBRIDGE HIGH SCHOOL, Bangalore 2

A.P
• When the elements of a series or sequence
are written in a definite order following certain
rule, we get a progression.
• Arithmetic Progression (A.P)
An arithmetic progression is a sequence(series)
of numbers in which each term can be obtained
by adding a certain quantity to its preceding
term.
Examples: 2, 5, 8, 11…..
-3, 0, 3, 6, 9 ….

• General form an Arithmetic Progression:
Let the first term of an A.P be ‘a’ and its common difference be ‘d’, the terms of the
A.P can be taken as : 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, 𝑎 + 3𝑑 …
First term = 𝑡1 = 𝑎 + 1 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎
Second term = 𝑡2 = 𝑎 + 2 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 𝑑
Third term = 𝑡3 = 𝑎 + 3 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑, and so on
• 𝑛𝑡ℎ term of an A.P, t n = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
• Last term of an A.P , 𝑙 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
• Common difference , 𝑑 = 𝑡2 − 𝑡1 or 𝑡3 − 𝑡2 and so on
If 𝑑 > 0, A.P is increasing,
If 𝑑 < 0, A.P is decreasing and
if 𝑑 = 0, all the terms of the A.P are same.
Problems
• (1) Check whether the following sequences are in A.P.
1 1 1 1
(i) , , , , …, (ii) 15, 12, 9, 6 …
2 3 4 5
1 1
Solution: Difference of first term from second term = −
3 2
2−3 −1
𝑑 = =
6 6
1 1
Difference of third term from second = −
4 3
3−4 −1
d= =
12 12
Since the common difference is not the same for both the cases, the given
sequence is not in A.P.
(ii) 𝑑 = 12 − 15 = −3 and 𝑑 = 6 − 9 = −3
Since the common difference is the same, given series is an A.P.
• (2) Find the 24𝑡ℎ term of the sequence: 12, 10, 8, 6 …………..
Solution: Given A.P is 12, 10, 8, 6, ……………
General form of A.P is 𝑎, 𝑎 + 𝑑, 𝑎 + 2𝑑, …
𝑎 = 12 , 𝑑 = 10 − 12 = −2, n = 24
𝑛𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 = 𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
𝑡24 = 𝑎 + 24 − 1 𝑑
= 12 + 23 × −2 = 12 − 46
= −34
• (3) Find the 100𝑡ℎ term of the sequence: 3, 2 3, 3 3………
Solution: Given A.P is 3, 2 3, 3 3………
𝑎 = 3, 𝑑 =2 3− 3= 3, 𝑛 = 100
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
• 𝑡100 = 𝑎 + 100 − 1 𝑑
= 3 + 99 3
= 100 3
• (4) Is 402 a term of the sequence 8, 13, 18, 23 , ……………….?
Solution: Let 𝑛𝑡ℎ term of the given sequence be 402
𝑡𝑛 = 402 , 𝑎 = 8, 𝑑 = 13 − 8 = 5
𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 = 402
8 + 𝑛 − 1 5 = 402
8 + 5𝑛 − 5 = 402
3 + 5𝑛 = 402
399
5𝑛 = 402 − 3 = 399 , => 𝑛= ,
5
Number of terms, 𝑛 can not be in fractions, so 402 is not a term of the given sequence.
Mathematics
~Bindu varma
21/01/2021

• (5) How many terms are there in the following series?
0.5, 0.53, 0.56, … … … … 1.1
Solution: From the given A.P, 𝑎 = 0.5, 𝑑 = 0.53 − 0.5 = 0.03 , 𝑡𝑛 = 1.1
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
1.1 = 0.5 + 𝑛 − 1 0.03
1.1 = 0.5 + 0.03𝑛 − 0.03
1.1 = 0.47 + 0.03𝑛
1.1 − 0.47 = 0.03𝑛
0.63 = 0.03𝑛
0.63 63
𝑛= = = 21
0.03 3

• The 𝑛𝑡ℎ term from the end of a finite A.P.
• If 𝑎 is the first term of an A.P, 𝑑 is its common difference and 𝑛 is the number of terms
in it, then 𝑟 𝑡ℎ term from its end is 𝑛 − 𝑟 + 1 𝑡ℎ
term from the beginning.
(6) Find the 11𝑡ℎ term from the end of the A.P: 4, 9, 14, ……..254.
Solution: Let the given A.P : 4, 9, 14, …..254 has 𝑛 terms
𝑎 = 4, 𝑑 = 9 − 4 = 5, 𝑡𝑛 = 254
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
254 = 4 + 𝑛 − 1 5
254 − 4 = 𝑛 − 1 5
250 = 𝑛 − 1 5
250
𝑛−1= = 50
5
𝑛 = 51
• 11𝑡ℎ term from the end = 51 − 11 + 1 𝑡ℎ
𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚
= 41𝑠𝑡 term
𝑡41 = 𝑎 + 41 − 1 𝑑
= 4 + 40 × 5 = 4 + 200 = 204
(7) Find the31𝑠𝑡 term of an A.P whose 10𝑡ℎ term is 38 and 16𝑡ℎ term is 74.
Solution: 10𝑡ℎ term = 𝑡10 = 38
𝑎 + 10 − 1 𝑑 = 38
𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 38 --------(i)
16𝑡ℎ term = 𝑡16 = 74
𝑎 + 16 − 1 𝑑 = 74
𝑎 + 15𝑑 = 74 ……………..(ii)
Subtracting (i) from (ii), 15𝑑 − 9𝑑 = 74 − 38
• 6𝑑 = 36
36
𝑑= =6
6
Substituting in (i) 𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 38
𝑎 + 9 × 6 = 38
𝑎 = 38 − 54 = −16
𝑡31 = 𝑎 + 31 − 1 𝑑
= −16 + 30 × 6
= −16 + 180
= 164

• (8) In an A. P ten times of its 10𝑡ℎ term is equal to thirty times of its 30𝑡ℎ term. Find
the 40𝑡ℎ term.
Solution: 𝑡10 = 𝑎 + 10 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 9𝑑
𝑡30 = 𝑎 + 30 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 29𝑑
Given that 10 × 𝑡10 = 30 × 𝑡30
10 𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 30(𝑎 + 29𝑑)
𝑎 + 9𝑑 = 3𝑎 + 87𝑑
𝑎 − 3𝑎 = 87𝑑 − 9𝑑
−2𝑎 = 78𝑑
78𝑑
−𝑎 = => 𝑎 = −39𝑑
2
𝑡40 = 𝑎 + 40 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 39𝑑 = −39𝑑 + 39𝑑 = 0
Result: If 𝑚 times 𝑚𝑡ℎ term = 𝑛 times 𝑛𝑡ℎ term, then 𝑚 + 𝑛 𝑡ℎ term =0
• (9) How many three digits numbers are divisible by 87?
Solution: First three digit number which is divisible by 87 is 174
A.P is 174, 174 + 87, 174 + 2 × 87… 957
174, 261, 348 … … .957
Let 𝑎 = 174, 𝑑 = 87, 𝑡𝑛 = 957
𝑡𝑛 = 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑
957 = 174 + 𝑛 − 1 87
957 − 174 = 87𝑛 − 87
870 = 87𝑛
870
𝑛= = 10
87
Ans: 10 three digits numbers are divisible by 87.

Mathematics
~Bindu varma
22/01/2021

• (10) 4𝑡ℎ term of an A.P is equal to three times its first term and 7𝑡ℎ term exceeds twice
the 3𝑟𝑑 term by 1. Find the first term and common difference.
Solution: 𝑡4 = 𝑎 + 4 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 3𝑑
According to the question, 𝑡4 = 3𝑎
𝑎 + 3𝑑 = 3𝑎
3𝑑 = 3𝑎 − 𝑎
3𝑑
2𝑎 = 3𝑑 ⇒ 𝑎= ………(i)
2
𝑡7 = 𝑎 + 7 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 6𝑑
𝑡3 = 𝑎 + 3 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 2𝑑
𝑡7 − 2𝑡3 = 1
𝑎 + 6𝑑 − 2 𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 1
𝑎 + 6𝑑 − 2𝑎 − 4𝑑 = 1
• −𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 1 ………..(ii)
3𝑑
• 𝑎 = ………(i), substituting in (ii)
2
3𝑑
− + 2𝑑 = 1
2
−3𝑑+4𝑑
=1
2
𝑑=2
3×2
𝑎= =3
2

Sum of n terms of an A.P
• Let for the given A.P, first term = 𝑎, common difference = 𝑑 , number of terms= 𝑛,
and last term = 𝑙.
If the sum of the terms of the A.P is denoted by 𝑆,
𝑛
𝑆 = (𝑎 + 𝑙)
2
𝑛
= [𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑]
2
𝑛
𝑆 = [2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑]
2
Example: Find the sum of 1, 2, 3……….100
Let S = 1+2+3+ …….100 and
S = 100+99+98+ …..1
Adding, 2𝑆 = 101 + 101 + 101 +………100 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑠 (n=100)
100 𝑛
2𝑆 = 100 × 101 ⇒ 𝑆= 1 + 100 ⇒ (𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚 + 𝑙𝑎𝑠𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚)
2 2
Problems
• (1) Find the sum of 28 terms of an A.P whose 𝑛𝑡ℎ term is 8𝑛 − 5.
Solution: 𝑛𝑡ℎ term= 8𝑛 − 5. , i.e 𝑡𝑛 = 8𝑛 − 5
Take 𝑛 = 1 to get first term , 𝑡1 = 8 × 1 − 5 = 3
𝑎 = 3 -----------(i)
𝑛 = 2 ⇒ Second term, 𝑡2 = 8 × 2 − 5 = 11
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 11 ------------(ii)
From (i) &(ii) 3 + 𝑑 = 11 ⇒ 𝑑 = 11 − 3 = 8
A.P is 3, 11, 19 ………
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑]
2
28
When 𝑛 = 28, 𝑆28 = [2 × 3 + 28 − 1 8]
2
= 14 6 + 27 × 8 = 14 6 + 216 = 14 × 222 = 3108
• (2) Find the sum of the first 51 terms of an A.P whose 2𝑛𝑑 and 3𝑟𝑑 terms are 14 and
18 respectively.
Solution: 𝑡2 = 14, 𝑡3 = 18
𝑎 + 𝑑 = 14 ……..(i)
𝑎 + 2𝑑 = 18 …….(ii)
Subtracting (ii) – (i) 2𝑑 − 𝑑 = 18 − 14
𝑑=4
Substituting in (i) 𝑎 + 4 = 14
𝑎 = 14 − 4 = 10
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑]
2
51 51
𝑛 = 51, 𝑆51 = 2 × 10 + 51 − 1 4 = [20 + 50 × 4]
2 2
51 51
= 20 + 200 = × 220 = 51 × 110 = 5610
2 2
• (3) Find the sum of all natural numbers between 250 and 1000 which are divisible by 9.
Solution: First multiple of 9 after 250 is 252 and the multiple of 9 less than 1000 is 999.
A.P is 252, 252 + 9, 252 + 2 × 9 ………999
252, 261, 270 … … .999
𝑡𝑛 = 999
𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 = 999
252 + 𝑛 − 1 9 = 999
𝑛 − 1 9 = 999 − 252 = 747
747
𝑛−1= = 83
9
𝑛 = 83 + 1 = 84
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [𝑎 + 𝑙]
2

84
• 𝑆84 = [252 + 999]
2
= 42 × 1251
= 52542
• (4) In an A.P the first term is 25, 𝑛𝑡ℎ term is -17 and the sum of n terms is 132. Find 𝑛 and
the common difference.
Solution: Given 𝑎 = 25, 𝑡𝑛 = −17, 𝑆𝑛 = 132
𝑎 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 = −17
25 + 𝑛 − 1 𝑑 = −17
𝑛 − 1 𝑑 = −17 − 25 = −42 ………(i)
𝑛
𝑎 + 𝑙 = 132
2
𝑛 25 − 17 = 132 × 2
8𝑛 = 264
• 8𝑛 = 264
264
𝑛= = 33
8
𝑛 − 1 𝑑 = −42
33 − 1 𝑑 = −42
32𝑑 = −42
−42 21
𝑑= =−
32 16

• (5) The sum of 𝑛 natural numbers is 5𝑛2 + 4𝑛. Find the 8𝑡ℎ term.
Solution: 𝑆𝑛 = 5𝑛2 + 4𝑛
When 𝑛 = 1, 𝑆1 = 5 × 12 + 4 × 1 = 5 + 4 = 9
𝑎=9
When 𝑛 = 2, 𝑆2 = 5 × 22 + 4 × 2 = 20 + 8 = 28
𝑎 + 𝑎 + 𝑑 = 28
2𝑎 + 𝑑 = 28
2 × 9 + 𝑑 = 28
𝑑 = 28 − 18 = 10
𝑡8 = 𝑎 + 8 − 1 𝑑 = 𝑎 + 7𝑑
= 9 + 7 × 10 = 9 + 70 = 79

A.P STD 10

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