OPENING PRAYER

 Heavenly Father and Your Beloved Son Jesus Christ,

 We thank you for giving us another life,
We thank you for another Beautiful Afternoon.
As we go on through our lessons today,
May you make us instruments to do good things.
Please enlighten our minds,
Give us the strength to participate in our subject today.
 Thank you for this opportunity to learn and serve
others,
and help me to always remember the Truth of Your
Glory!
 In Jesus’ name. Amen
WELCOME TO MY
MATHEMATICS
10
SEQUENCES
AND SERIES
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

 Explain series and sequences;

 Generate patterns;
 Illustrate an arithmetic pattern;
 Identify arithmetic means and nth term of an arithmetic
sequence; and
 Find the sum of the terms of a given arithmetic means
 LET’S TRY
 CASE ANALYSIS:
Alex is an athletic person. He usually joins fun runs and
marathons. Unfortunately, in one of his events, his ankle
twisted. He was told by the doctor to take some rest and
was advised to slowly return to his jogging program.
In the program, he needs to jog for 15 minutes each day for
the first week, then an additional 7 minutes per day on the
succeeding weeks. How many minutes does Alex need to jog
on the 10th week of the program?
 The jogging program requires Alex to jog within a specified
time for the following weeks so he can gradually recover from
his injury. The required amount of time can be presented
using the table below. Supply the number of minutes required
of Alex to jog for the following weeks.
Jogging Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7
Program

Required 15 min.
Number
of
Minutes
 CHAPTER 1:
SEQUENCES AND SERIES
 Sequences and series can be modeled in different
mathematical ideas and realistic situations. It can help us
recognize a pattern and apply the sequences to make
predictions for future elements.
 How can patterns and arrangements be used in real-life
situations?
 How can patterns and arrangements predict future events?
LET’S EXPLORE
 Sequence is a logical pattern or arrangement of values
defined by a general term or nth term. Every element in a
sequence is called a term.
 An infinite sequence is a sequence whose terms, are
continuous and do not have a last term. An ellipsis or three
dots (…) at the end of any sequence signifies the continuity
of the terms.

• {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …}.
 A finite sequence is a sequence whose number of terms is
discrete and has a last term. The last term of a finite
sequence is denoted by an .
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5, …, n}
 In a formula, the function values are known as terms of the
sequence.
The first term in a sequence is denoted as a1,
the third term as a3 ,
and the nth term, or the general term, as an.
ARITHMETIC SEQUENCES
AND SERIES
 ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE
 An arithmetic sequence is a sequence whose succeeding terms
are produced by constantly adding the same number.
 The number added or subtracted to each term is known as the
common difference which is denoted by letter d.
 Example 1:
Given : 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, 27, 32
2 7 12 17 22 27 32
5 5 5 5 5 5
The sequence has a common difference of 5. Therefore, it is an arithmetic
sequence.
• Example 2: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, ...
The terms have a common difference of 2.
The common difference is the number d.

• Example 3: Is the sequence arithmetic? –

45, –30, –15, 0, 15, 30
Yes, the common difference is 15.
How do you find any term in this sequence?
To find any term in an arithmetic sequence, use the formula an
= a1 + (n – 1)d
where:
an = nth term
n = number of terms in the series
a1 = first term of the sequence
d = common difference.
Example 4: Find a formula for the nth term of the arithmetic
sequence in which the common difference is 5 and the first term is
3. an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a1 = 3 d = 5
an = 3 + (n – 1)5
Example 5: If the common difference is 4 and the fifth term is 15,
what is the 10th term of an arithmetic sequence?

an = a1 + (n – 1)d
We need to determine what the first term is...
d = 4 and a5 = 15
a5 = a1 + (5 – 1)4 = 15
a1 = –1
a10 = –1 + (10 – 1)4
a10 = 35
 Example 6: What is the 15th term of the sequence 3, 11, 19, 27, 35,
…?
 Solution: a1 = 3 d = 11 - 3 = 8
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a15 = 3 + (15 – 1)8
a15 = 3 + (14)8
a15 = 3 + 112
a15 = 115
Therefore, the 15th term of the sequence is 115.
 Example 7: Which term is -39 in the sequence 33, 25, 17,
9, 1, -7, …?
 Solution: a1 = 33 d = 25 – 33 = -8 an = -39
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
-39 = 33 + (n-1)(-8)
-39 = 33 – 8n + 8
-39 – 33 – 8 = -8n
-80 = -8n
-8 = -8
10 = n
Therefore, -39 is the 10th term of the sequence.
 Example 8: Find the general term of each arithmetic sequence with
a7 = 21 and d = 5.
 Solution: an = a1 + (n – 1)d an = a1 + (n – 1)d
21 = a1 + (7– 1)5 an = -9 + (n – 1)5
21 = a1 + (6)5 an = -9 + 5n -5
21 = a1 + 30 an = 5n – 14
21 - 30 = a1
-9 = a1
Therefore, the general term of the sequence is an = 5n – 14 .
Example 1
 Find the first 4 terms and the 9th term of the sequence whose general term is
given by an = 4(2)n.
Solution: We have an = 4(2)n, so

a1 = 4(2)1 = 8
a2 = 4(2)2 = 16
a3 = 4(2)3 = 32
a4 = 4(2)4 = 64
a9 = 4(2)9 = 2048
The power (2)n causes the sign of the terms to alternate between positive
and negative, depending on whether the n is even or odd. This kind of
sequence is called an alternating sequence.
 LET’S PRACTICE
 Instructions: Provide the common difference and the next three
terms of the sequence to complete the table. Write your answer on
your quiz notebook. Show your solution.
 OPENING PRAYER
 Heavenly Father and Your Beloved Son Jesus Christ,
 We thank you for giving us another life,
We thank you for another Beautiful Afternoon.
As we go on through our lessons today,
May you make us instruments to do good things.
Please enlighten our minds,
Give us the strength to participate in our subject today.
 Thank you for this opportunity to learn and serve
others,
and help me to always remember the Truth of Your
Glory!
 In Jesus’ name. Amen
LET’S REVIEW
Instructions: Answer the given questions below.
1. What is a sequences?
2. What is infinite sequence?
3. What is finite sequence?
4. Give examples of sequences.
5. Give examples of infinite sequence.
6. Give examples of finite sequence.
A series is the sum of all terms in the sequence. Thus, when it
is an infinite sequence, its terms are continuing indefinitely, it
then produces an infinite series. As to a finite sequence, the
number of terms is defined, thus, producing a finite series,
which is denoted by Sn .

To find the sum of an arithmetic series:

Sn =

or

Sn = n/2 [2a1 + (n-1)d]

Example 1: Find the first three terms of the arithmetic series in
which a1 = 19, an = 152, and Sn = 1 710.

 Solution:

Sn =

1 710 =

2(1 710) = 2

=
20 = n
 an = a1 + (n – 1)d Since d = 7 and a1 = 19 then
 152 = 19 + (20 – 1)d a2 = a1 + 7
 152 = 19 + 19d a2 = 19 + 7
 152 – 19 = 19d a2 = 26

a3 = a2 + 7
a3 = 26 + 7
7 =d a3 = 33

Therefore, the first three terms are 19, 26, and 33.
 Example 2
 Find the sum of the first six terms of the sequence formed by an = 3n – 2.
 we first identify the first six terms of the sequence using the general term.
 Solution: a1 = 3(1) – 2 = 1
a2 = 3(2) – 2 = 4
a3 = 3(3) – 2 = 7
a4 = 3(4) – 2 = 10
a5 = 3(5) – 2 = 13
a6 = 3(6) – 2 = 16
 s6 = a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 + a5 + a6 = 1 + 4 + 7 + 10 +13 + 16
 s6 = 51
B. Instructions: Find the first 5 terms for each of the following general
term of the sequence.
General term
1. an = 9n 2. an = 4n + 3
Solution: a1 = 9(1) = 9 Solution: a1 = 4(1) + 3 = 7
a2 = 9(2) = 18 a2 = 4(2) + 3 = 11
a3 = 9(3) = 27 a3 = 4(3) + 3 = 15
a4 = 9(4) = 36 a4 = 4(4) + 3 = 19
a5 = 9(5) = 45 a5 = 4(5) + 3 = 23
Answer: {9,18,27,36,45} Answer: {7,11,15,19,23}
Example 2: What is the sum of the terms of the arithmetic
sequence 34, 39, 44, 49,54, …, 79?

 a1 = 34 an = 79 d = 3 – 34 = 5
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
79 = 34 + (n – 1) 5
79 – 34 = (n – 1)5

9=n–1
9+1=n
10 n
 Sn =

Sn =

Sn = 5(113)
Sn = 565

Therefore, the sum of the terms of the arithmetic sequence is

565.
 SIGMA NOTATION
 The Greek letter  (sigma) can be used to simplify
notation when the general term of a sequence is a
formula. For example, the sum of the first three terms of
the sequence
 ,…, ,… can be named as follows,

using sigma notation, or summation notation:

 SIGMA NOTATION

 This is read “the sum as k goes from 1 to 3 of

 The letter k is called the index of summation. The index of

summation might be a number other than 1, and a letter other than
k can be used.
Example 1
 Find the sum.

Solution: k = 2 k = 3 k = 4
(1)2 32 + (1)3 33 + (1)4 34
= 9 + (27) + 81
= 63
• Find the sum.

k=4 k=5 k=6 k=7 k=8

 Example 3: Find
 Solution:
= [ 3(1) + 5] + [ 3(2) + 5] + [3(3) + 5] + … + [3(18) + 5]

= 8 + 11 + 14 + … + 59
 Hence, a1 = 8 , an = 59 , and n = 18
 Sn =

 Sn =
 Sn = 9(67)
 Sn = 603
 Therefore, the sum of the given series is 603.
LET’S PRACTICE
A. Evaluate the following summation notations:
1.

2.

3.
ARITHMETIC MEANS:

 When terms lie between nonconsecutive terms, they are

called mean or average. A term or a number of terms that
lie between two nonconsecutive terms of an arithmetic
sequence is called an arithmetic mean.
Example 1: What is the missing term in the arithmetic
sequences, 13, ___, 27?

 Solution:
 Middle term = (13 + 27) ÷ 2
 = 40 ÷ 2
 = 20
Therefore, the missing term in the arithmetic
mean is 20
 Example 2: Find the three arithmetic means between 15 and
59.
 15, ___, ____, ___, 59
 Third term = (15 + 59) ÷ 2
= 74 ÷ 2
= 37
 15, ___, 37, ____, 59
 Second term = 52 ÷ 2
= 26
 Fourth term = (37 + 59) ÷ 2
= 96 ÷ 2
= 48
 Therefore, the three arithmetic means between 15 and 59 are 26,
37, and 48.
Example 3: Find the four arithmetic means between 21 and
-24.
21,___, ____, ___,____,-24

Second term = 21+(-9)=12

Third term = 12 +(-9)=3
Fourth = 3 +(-9)= - 6
Fifth term = -6 +(-9)= -15

Therefore, the four arithmetic means between 21 and -24 are 12,3,-6, and -15.
LET’S PRACTICE
Instructions: Write the required terms in the given arithmetic
sequence.

1. Insert an arithmetic mean between -5 and 3.

2. Insert two arithmetic mean between 9 and 42.
3. Insert three arithmetic mean between -43 and -19.
4. Insert three arithmetic mean between -16 and 12.
5. Insert five arithmetic means between 5 and 29.