What’s next?

Encircle the incorrect number of the sequence

What’s next?

1. 0, 3, 6, ____ ,____ ,____ ,____ ,____

2. ____ ,____ ,____ , 24 , 32 , 40 ,____ ,____

3. ____, ____, ____, ____, 14, ____, 28, 35

4. 21, ____, ____, ____, ____, ____, 69, 77

5. ____, ____, ____, 43, ____, 63, ____, 83

6. ____, 19, 23, ____, ____, 35, ____, ____

7. ____, 7, ____, ____, 16, ____, 22, ____

8. ____, ____, ____, 38, 43, 48, ____, ____

9. ____, 6, ____, 22, ____, ____, ____, 54

10. 2, ____, 22, ____, ____, ____, ____, 72

The Common Difference

Arithmetic sequence is a sequence where

every term after the first is obtained by adding a
constant called the common difference.

A sequence is a function whose domain is the finite set

{1,2,3, …, n} or the infinite set {1,2 ,3,…}.
Find the first five terms of the sequence given the nth term.

1. a n  n  4
2. a n  2n  1
1
3. a n  n - 3
2
How is the common difference of each item related to its
equation?
The pattern

Which of the following is an Arithmetic

Sequence?
1. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, …
2. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, …
3. -1, 1, -1, 1,-1,...
4. 1, ½, 1/3, ¼, 1/5...
5. 14, 11, 8, 5...
6. 3, 6, 12, 24...
INFINITE SEQUENCE

What is nth term or general rule of each

sequence below? (For Arithmetic Seq. only)
1. 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, … a n  2n  1
2. 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, … a n  2 n
3. -1, 1, -1, 1,-1,... a n  (-1) n

1
4. 1, ½, 1/3, ¼, 1/5... an 
5. 14, 11, 8, 5... a n  -3n  17 n
6. 3, 6, 12, 24... n a  3(2 n- 1
)
Terms to know
Vocabulary of Sequences
a1  First term
an  nth term
n  number of terms
Sn  sum of n terms
d  common difference
ARITHMETIC RULE: an= a1+(n - 1)d

a1  First term
an  nth term
n  number of terms
Sn  sum of n terms
d  common difference
TRY
1. What is the 23rd term of the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13,...?
2. Given an arithmetic sequence with

3. If the common difference is 4 and the fifth term is 15,

what is the 10th term of an arithmetic sequence?
Illustrative Example

1. What is the 23rd term of the sequence 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13,...?

First term a 1  3
nth term a n  ?
Number of terms n  23
Common difference d  2
Solution : a n  a 1  (n - 1)d
a 23  3  (23 - 1)2
a 23  3  (22)2
a 23  47
Illustrative Example
Given an arithmetic sequence with
x
38
15

-3

X = 80
Illustrative Example

If the common difference is 4 and the fifth term is 15,

what is the 10th term of an arithmetic sequence?

an = a1 + (n – 1)d
We need to determine what the first term is...
d=4 and a5 = 15
a5 = a1 + (5 – 1)4 = 15
a1 = –1
a10 = –1 + (10 – 1)4
a10 = 35
Illustrative Example

Find a formula for the nth term of the arithmetic

sequence in which the common difference is 5 and the
first term is 3.
an = a1 + (n – 1)d
a1 = 3 d = 5
an = 3 + (n – 1)5
an = 3 + 5n – 5
an = 5n – 2
Illustrative Example

How many even numbers are there between 5 and 117?

a1 = 6 Solution:
d=2 an = a1 + (n – 1)d
an = 116 last term 116 = 6 + (n – 1 )2
n=? 116 = 6 +2n – 2
116 – 6 + 2 = 2n
2n = 112
n = 56
Illustrative Example

The 3rd term of the arithmetic sequence is 11 and the 7th term is
27. Find the first term and the common difference.

a3=11
a7=27 Solve for a1
Determine d Use the given the third term a3
Shortcut: which is equal to 11
1. Change a3 to 3d a3=a1 + 2d
2. Change a7 to 7d 11 = a1 + 2(4)
3. Solve for d 11 = a1 + 8
7d = 27 11 – 8 = a1
- 3d = 11
a1 = 3
4d = 16
Answer the following
What is missing?
1. 3, 12, 21, __ , __ , __
2. 8, 3, -2, __ , __
3. 5, 12, __ , 26, __,…40th term
4. -1, __ , __,__, 31
5. What is the 100th term of the sequence 75, 25, -25,
-75, -125,…?
6. Use the arithmetic formula to determine the 10th term
of the sequence 5, 12, 19, 26,…
7. Find the 14th term of the arithmetic sequence 4, 7,
10, 13,…
Answer the following

8.Find the 25th term of the arithmetic sequence 3, 7, 11,

15, 19,…
9. The second term of the arithmetic sequence is 24 and
the fifth term is 3. Find the first term and the
common difference.
10. What must be the value of k so that 5k – 3, k +2,
and 3k – 11 will form an arithmetic sequence?
The terms between any two non-consecutive terms of an
arithmetic sequence.

Arithmetic Means?
1. 3, 12, 21, 30 , 39
2. 8, 3, -2, -7
3. 5, 12, 19 , 26,
4. -1, 7 , 15, 23, 31
Illustrative Examples
1. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 4 and 32
Option # 1

4, _____, _____, ______, 32

𝑎1 = 4; n = 5; 𝑎𝑛 = 32
𝑎𝑛 = 𝑎1 + (n -1)d
32 = 4 + (5 – 1)d
32 – 4 = 4d
28 = 4d
7=d

4, __11__, __18__, __25__, 32

Illustrative Examples
1. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 4 and 32
Option # 2

4, _____, _____, ______, 32

𝑎𝑛− 𝑎1
𝑑=
n−1
32−4 28
𝑑= = 4
4
d=7

4, __11__, __18__, __25__, 32

Illustrative Examples
1. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 4 and 32
Option # 3

a. Get the middle term of 4 and 32

4+32
= 18
2
4, ____, __18__, ____, 32
b. Get the middle term of 4 and 18
4+18
= 11
2
4, __11__, __18__, ____, 32
c. Get the common difference of
4, 11, 18 which is 7
d. So 18 + 7 = 25 (4th term)
4, __11__, __18__, __25__, 32
Note: The common difference is very important in determining the
arithmetic means of an arithmetic sequence
2. Give the arithmetic sequence of 5 terms if
the first term is 8 and the last term is 100.
3. What are the four arithmetic means
between – 6 and 9?
4. Insert 3 arithmetic means between
72 and 0. Given: 72, ____, _____, _____, 0
5. The second term of the arithmetic sequence is 24 and the fifth
term is 3. Find the first term and the common difference.
6. Insert three terms between 2 and 34 of an arithmetic
sequence.
7. Insert 4 arithmetic means between 5 and 25.
8. Insert 2 arithmetic means between ½ and 2.
5. The second term of the arithmetic sequence is 24 and the fifth
term is 3. Find the first term and the common difference.
6. Insert three terms between 2 and 34 of an arithmetic
sequence.
7. Insert 4 arithmetic means between 5 and 25.
8. Insert 2 arithmetic means between ½ and 2.
9. 6, ____, ____, –36
10. –10, ____, ____, ____, 70
11. 81, ____, ____, ____, ____, 26
12. 100, ____, ____, ____, ____, –5
13. -11, ____, ____, ____, 9
Sum of the terms in an arithmetic sequence.
n
1. Sn = 2 a1 + an
n
2. Sn = 2 2a1 + n−1 d
𝒏
Use the formula 𝑆𝑛 = 𝟐 𝑎1 + 𝑎𝑛 if it is a finite sequence (first
and last terms are given)
𝒏
Use the formula 𝑆𝑛 = 𝟐 2𝑎1 + n − 1 d if it is an infinite
sequence (last term is not indicated)
1. What is the sum of the first 15 terms of the set of odd numbers?
Solution of # 1
Case 1: Determine the 15th term so that 𝑎𝑛 and 𝑎1 are given

a1 =1; an = ?; n = 15; d = 2
an = a1 + n−1 d
a15 = 1 + (15 – 1)2
a15 = 29
Use the formula 𝑆𝑛 =
𝒏
𝒂𝟏 + 𝑎𝑛
Shortcut: sum of 1 st n terms of
𝟐 odd numbers is n2.
(first and last term are already known)
𝟏𝟓 Therefore 152 = 225
𝑆15 = (1 + 29)
𝟐
𝟏𝟓
𝑆15 = (30)
𝟐
𝑆15 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
Case 2: The last term/15th term is unknown
𝒏
Use the formula 𝑆𝑛 = 𝟐 2𝑎1 + n − 1 d
(last term is not indicated)
𝑎1 = 1; 𝑎𝑛 = ? ; n = 15; d = 2
𝒏
𝑆𝑛 = [ 2𝑎1 + n − 1 d ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟓
𝑆15 = 𝟐 2[(1) + 15 − 1 2 ]

𝟏𝟓
𝑆15 = [ 2+ 14 (2 ]
𝟐
𝟏𝟓
𝑆15 = 𝟐
30
𝑆15 = 𝟐𝟐𝟓
Take note: Case 1 and 2 have the same answers
2. What is the sum of the first 15 terms of the set of even numbers?
(Note: the last term is unknown)
𝑎1 = 2; 𝑎𝑛 = ? ; n = 15; d = 2
𝒏
𝑆𝑛 = 𝟐 2𝑎1 + n − 1 d
𝟏𝟓
𝑆15 = 𝟐
2[(2) + 15 − 1 2 ]
Shortcut: sum of 1st n terms of
𝟏𝟓
𝑆15 = 4 + 14 2 even numbers is n(n+1) or n2+n.
𝟐
𝟏𝟓 Therefore 15(15+1)=240
𝑆15 = 32
𝟐
𝑆15 = 𝟐𝟒𝟎
3. Find the sum of first 51 terms of an AP whose 2nd and 3rd terms
are 14 and 18 respectively. (Note: the first and last terms are
unknown)
Let us analyze:
𝑎2 = 14 𝑎3 = 18 (18 – 14) So, d = 4; 𝑎1 = 14 − 4 𝑎1 = 10;
n = 51
𝒏
𝑆𝑛 = [ 2𝑎1 + n − 1 d ]
𝟐
𝟓𝟏
𝑆51 = 𝟐 2[(10) + 51 − 1 4 ]

𝟓𝟏
𝑆51 = 𝟐
20 + 50 4
𝟓𝟏
𝑆51 = 220
𝟐
𝑆51 = 𝟓𝟏(𝟏𝟏𝟎)
𝑆51 = 5610
TRY
1. What is the sum of the first 50 counting numbers
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + . . . + 49 + 50?
2. What is the sum of the 10 terms of the sequence 0, 6, 12, 18, . . .?
3. What is 1 + 2 + 3 + …+ 50 + 51 +… + 98 + 99 +100?
4. Find the sum of the first 10 terms of the arithmetic sequence
5, 9, 13, 17,…
5. Find the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic sequence
-2, -5, -8, -11, …
6. Find the sum of 30 terms of given A.P. 12 + 20 + 28 + 36…
8. Find the sum of the following APs: 2, 7, 12, ……, to 10 terms
9. Find the sum of the given below: 7+10.5+14+…..+84
10. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d = 7 and 22nd
term is 149.
6. a1 = 12; d = 20 – 12 = 8
The sum of the terms of an arithmetic progression

Sn = ½ n [ 2a + (n - 1)d ]
= ½ (30) [ 2(12) + (30-1)( 8)]
= 15 [ 24 + (29)8]
= 15[24 + 232]
= 15 x 256
= 3840
7. Find the sum of the following APs: 2, 7, 12, ……, to 10 terms

10
S10 = 2 2 + 10 − 1 5
2
S10 = 5 4 + 45
S10 = 245
8. Find the sums given below: 7+10.5+14+…..+84

23
S23 = 7 + 84
2
S23 = 1046.5
10. Find the sum of first 22 terms of an AP in which d = 7 and
22nd term is 149.
Geometric Sequence is a sequence whose consecutive terms have
a common ratio.

𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , 𝑎3 , 𝑎4 …
a2 a3 a4
   .....  r
a1 a2 a3

- The number r is the common ratio.

A sequence is geometric if the ratios of consecutive terms are the
same.
Ex: 2, 8, 32, 128, 512, . . .

8 4
2
geometric sequence
32  4
8
The common ratio, r, is 4.
128  4
32
512  4
128

36
Ex: 2, 8, 32, 128, 512, . . .
a𝟏 = 2 a𝟏 = a1
a𝟐 = 8 = 2.4 a𝟐 = a1 . r1
a𝟑 = 32 = 2.4.4 a𝟑 = a1 . r 2
a𝟒 = 128 = 2.4.4.4 a𝟒 = a1 . r 3
a𝟓 = 512 = 2.4.4.4.4 a𝟓 = a1 . r 4
a𝟓 = 512 = 2.4.4.4.4 a𝟓 = a1 . r 4
= a𝟏 . r . r . r . r

a𝒏 a𝒏 = a1 . r n−1
Are these geometric?

1. 2, 4, 8, 16, …, formula?, … Yes 2n

2. 12, 36, 108, 324, …, formula?, … Yes 4(3)n

3. No (-1)n /3

4. 1, 4, 9, 16, …, formula? , … No n2
What is the nth term for each
sequence below?
1. 108, 36, 12, 4... a𝒏 = 108(3)-n+1

2. 3, 6, 12, 24... a𝒏 = 3(2)n-1

1
3. , 1, 2, 4... a𝒏 = 1/2(2)n-1 or a𝒏 = (2)n-2
2
Examples: Find the next term in each of the previous sequences.

1) 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, ...

2) 27, 9, 3, 1, 1/3, ...

3) 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, ...

4) 1/2, -1, 2, -4, 8, ...

1. Write the first five terms of the geometric sequence whose first
term is a1 = 81 and r = (1/3).
81, 27, 9, 3, 1
2. Find the 15th term of the geometric sequence whose first term is
20 and whose common ratio is 2
a n = a 1rn – 1

a15 = (20)(2)15 – 1

a15 =20(16384)

a15 =327680
3. The 4th term of a geometric sequence is 24 and the eighth term
is 384. Find the common ratio.

𝑎8 a1r7 = 384 or
=
𝑎4 a1r3 = 24 𝑎8 𝑟 8 384
Note: 𝑎 = 𝑟 4= 24
4

r 4 = 16 𝑟 4 =16
4 4 r=2
𝑟 4 = 16
r =2
4. The fourth term of a geometric sequence is 24, and the 8th
term is 384. Find the 10th term. (Assume all terms are positive)

a8 =384 a8 = a1r7 a1r7 = 384

a4 = 24 a4 = a1r3 a1r3 = 24
𝑎8 a1r7 = 384
= =
𝑎4 a1r = 24
3

r 4 = 16
𝑎8 𝑟 8
Note: 𝑎 = 𝑟 4 = 𝑟 4 a10 = a1r9 a10 = a4r6
4
a10 = 3(2)9 a10 = 24(2)6
therefore r = 2
a4 = a1r3 ; a10 = 3(512)9 a10 = 24(64)
24 = a1(2)3 a10 = 1536 a10 = 1536
a1= 3
4. The fourth term of a geometric sequence is 24, and the 8th
term is 384. Find the 10th term. (Assume all terms are positive)
Another way to do it.
a8 =384
a4 = 24
Steps:
1. Solve for the radius (r) 2. Solve for the 10th term
𝑎8 𝑟 8 384
= 4=
𝑎4 𝑟 24
Remember that
𝑟 4 = 16 a10 = a4r6
r=2 a10 = 24(2)6
a10 = 24(64)
a10 = 1536
5. The fourth term of a geometric sequence is 125, and the 10th
term is 125/64. Find the 14th term. (Assume all terms are positive)

a4 = 125 a10 = a4r6 a14 = a10r4

125
 125r 6
a10 =
4
125
64 125  1 
64
a14   
1 64  2 
r 6

64
a14 = 125
1024
1
r
2
Geometric Means – terms between two numbers a and b such
that a, m1 , m2 , m3 , mk ,b is a
geometric sequence.

1. Find the geometric mean of 8 and 18.

2.Find the geometric mean of 3 and 7.
3. Find the geometric mean of 3 and 24.
4. Insert 4 GMs between 27 and 1/9
5. Insert two geometric means between of 6 and 48.
The sum of a finite geometric sequence is given by

a1 (1  r ) n
sn 
1 r
5 + 10 + 20 + 40 + 80 + 160 + 320 + 640 = ?

n=8
a1 = 5 r  10  2
5
Sn  a11 
1 r
r
 
n
5 1 
1 2
28
  1 2  
 5 1  256  5 255
1   1275
47
Find the sum of the ff:
1. 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5, 5 r=1 Sn  n(a 1 )

2. 3, -3, 3, -3 r = -1; n = even Sn  0

3. 3, -3, 3, -3, 3 r = -1; n = odd Sn  a 1
a 1 (1  r n )
4. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48 Sn 
1-r
5. 64, 32, 16, 8, 4, 2
a 1 (1  r n )
Sn 
6. 3, 12, 48,…6th 1-r
 a1 (1  r ) n
sn 
1 r
Find the sum of the first 5 terms of the series 3, 6, 12, 24…

3(1−25 )
S5 =
1−2
3(1−32)
S5 =
1−2
3(−31)
S5 =
−1
S5 =93
2. Find the sum of the first 5 terms of the series 5/3 + 5 + 15 + …

r = 5/(5/3) = 3

= 605/3
PRPDUCT PERFORMANCE
Given that a square is 8 in. x 8 in., what is the area of the
resulting square if the four corners are folded to the center
after the 4th times. Justify/Illustrate.
What Is an Infinite Series?

An expression of the form

a  ar  ar 2  ar 3  ...ar n- 1
is called an infinite series iff -1 < r < 1
Ex: 1.

The dots mean that we are to continue the addition infinitely.

 1 1 1 1 1
, , , , ...
2 4 8 16 32

1 1 3 1 1 1 1 15
1.   3.    
2 4 4 2 4 8 16 16

1 1 1 7 1 1 1 1 1 31
2.    4.     
2 4 8 8 2 4 8 16 32 32
1, 4, 7, 10, 13, ... Infinite Arithmetic No Sum
n
3, 7, 11, …, 51 Finite Arithmetic Sn   a1  an 
2
1, 2, 4, …, 64 Finite Geometric a 1 (1  r n )
Sn 
1 r
1, 2, 4, 8, … Infinite Geometric No Sum
r>1
r < -1

1 1 1 Infinite Geometric a1
3,1, , , ... -1 < r < 1 S
3 9 27 1 r
1. Find the sum of 3 1 1  1 
3 9
r  1
3

S 
a1 
 3

 1  r  1  1  3
 3  3 3
3  9
1 1 4 4 4
3 3
The sum of the series is 9.
4
 1 1 1
2. Find the sum, if possible: 1     ...
2 4 8
1 1
2 4 1
r   -1 < r < 1 YES
1 1 2
2
a1 1
S  2
1 r 1
1
2
3. Find the sum, if possible:
2 2  8  16 2  ...

8 16 2
r  2 2 -1 < r < 1 NO
2 2 8

NO SUM
 2 1 1 1
4. Find the sum, if possible:     ...
3 3 6 12
1 1
3 6 1
r   -1 < r < 1 YES
2 1 2
3 3
2
a1 3 4
S  
1 r 1 3
1
2
 2 4 8
5. Find the sum, if possible:    ...
7 7 7
4 8
r 7  7 2 -1 < r < 1 NO
2 4
7 7

NO SUM