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Mathematics
Quarter 1 – Module 2:
Illustrating Arithmetic Sequence

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Mathematics – Grade 10
Quarter 1 – Module 2: Illustrating Arithmetic Sequence

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Salome N. Bolalin

Editors: Salvacion B. Felices
Jon Jon R. Monte
Shiela L. Guevara
Noel A. Lozano
Alfie T. Gascon
Jinky A. Villareal
Reviewer: Jinky A. Villareal
Illustrator: Ryan B.Cerillo
Layout Artist: Anthony C. Vista

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 Lesson
ILLUSTRATING ARITHMETIC SEQUENCE

You want to know?

In this lesson, you will be tasked to illustrate arithmetic sequence.
In this lesson,inyou
Highlighted thisare
module
task are the concepts of common difference and
the general term of arithmetic sequence. Hope that you will be able to
see the importance of arithmetic sequence in real life situations.

At the end of the lesson, you should be able to illustrates an

arithmetic sequence. Specifically:
1. find the common difference in an arithmetic sequence;
2. find the nth term of an arithmetic Sequence; and
3. find the arithmetic means.

You need to be familiar with the

words used in this lesson.

Important words and their meaning:

1. Arithmetic Sequence – a sequence where each term after the first

is obtained by adding the same constant.
2. Common Difference – a constant added to each term of an
arithmetic sequence to obtain the next term of the sequence.
3. Arithmetic Means – terms m1, m2, …mk between two numbers a and
b such that a, m1, m2, …mk, b is an arithmetic sequence.

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 PRE-TEST

Check your yourself of what you know

about the topic. Try this…

Instruction: Read each item carefully then choose the letter of your answer among the
options. Write only the letter in your answer sheet.

1. What is the common difference of the sequence 3, 7, 11, 15,19 ?

A. 4 C. 6
B. 5 D. 7

2. What is the next term of the sequence 4 , 1, -2, -5?

A. 8 C. 7
B. -8 D. -7

3.Which of the following is an arithmetic sequence?

A. 4, 1, -2, -5, -8 B. 4, -12, 36, -108
1 1 1 1
C. , , , D. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8
3 9 27 81

4. Find p so that the numbers 7p + 2, 5p + 12,2p – 1, form an

Arithmetic sequence?
A. -8 C. -13
B. -5 D. -23

5. If three arithmetic means are inserted between 11 and 39, find the
second arithmetic mean?
A. 18 C. 32
B. 25 D. 46

Hi! How did you find the test?

You may now proceed to the next activity…

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 LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Common Difference

In the previous lesson, you studied different patterns and sequences. Now you are
going to study a special kind of sequence that has common difference.

Arithmetic Sequence is a sequence where every term after the first is obtained by
adding a constant called the common difference.

Arithmetic sequence can be a finite (1, 2, 3,…n) or infinite sequence (1, 2, 3,..).
Example1. : 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 is a finite arithmetic sequence
3 is the first term denoted by a1
7 is the second term denoted by a2
11 is the third term denoted by a3
15 is the fourth term denoted by a4
19 is the fifth and last term denoted by a 5 but since it is
the last term it is also an.

To find the common difference (d) in an arithmetic sequence,

just subtract 1st term from the 2nd term or 2nd term from the 3rd
term or subtract two succeeding terms.

Example1: Consider the arithmetic sequence, 4, 7, 10, 13, 15, 18

a2 – a1 = d 7 - 4 = 3 or
a3 – a2 = d 10 - 7 = 3 or
a4 – a3 = d 13-10 = 3 or
a5 – a4 = d 15-13 = 3 or
a6 – a5 = d 18-15 = 3.

So the common difference (d) = 3.

Example 2: Consider the arithmetic sequence, 15, 11, 7, 3, the common difference
(d) is -4.

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 a2 – a1 = d 11 -15 = -4 or
a3 – a2 = d 7 - 11 = -4 or
a4 – a3 = d 3 - 7 = -4.

So the common difference (d) = -4.

Example 3. Given: 7p + 2, 5p + 12, 2p – 1 as an arithmetic sequence what is p?

What is the common difference?
Solution:
To find p:
(5p+12) - (7p+2) = (2p-1) - (5p+12)
(5p-7p) +(12-2) = (2p-5p) + (-1-12)
(-2p) + (10) = (-3p) + (-13)
. -2p+3p = -13 - 10
P = -23,

From the given: a1 = 7p + 2

a2 = 5p + 12
a3 = 2p – 1

By substitution: a1 = 7(-23) + 2 = -161 + 2 = -159

a2 = 5(-23) + 12 = -115 +12 = -103
a3 = 2(-23) – 1 = -46-1 = -47

Hence the arithmetic sequence is -159, -103, -47

The common difference is 56.
(-103) – (-159) = 56
(-47) – (-103) = 56

General or nth Term of Arithmetic Sequence

Arithmetic Sequence can be expressed as an equation (rule)

Arithmetic Sequence general rule is an = a1 + (n-1)d
Where:
a1 = 1st term
n = number of terms
d = common difference
an = last term

Consider the arithmetic Sequence 2, 5, 8, 11,… the common difference is 3.

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 a1 = 2
a2 = 2 + 3 = 5
a3 = 2 + 2(3) = 8
a4 = 2 + 3(3) = 11
a5 = 2 + 4(3) = 14
an = a1 + (n-1 ) d - the general rule or the nth term of arithmetic
sequence

Example1. Given the arithmetic sequence 4, 9 14, 19, 24,29… Find the
arithmetic sequence rule.
Solution:
a1 = 4
d=5
an = a1 + (n-1 ) d - general rule
an = 4 + (n-1)5 - substitution
an = 4 + 5n - 5 - simplify
an = 5n - 1 - arithmetic sequence rule

To check:
an = 4 + (n-1)5
a1 = 4 + (1-1)5
a1 = 4 + (0)5
✓ a1 = 4

an = 4 + (n-1)5
a2 = 4 + (2-1)5
a2 = 4 + (1)5
a2 = 4 + 5
✓ a2 = 9

Example 2. Given the arithmetic sequence 15, 0, -15, -30, -45… Find the
arithmetic sequence rule.
Solution:
a1 = 15
d = -15
an = a1 + (n-1 ) d - general rule
an = 15 + (n-1) (-15) - substitution
an = 15 - 15n + 15 - simplify
an = -15n + 30 - specific arithmetic
sequence rule

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 To check:
an = -15n + 30
a1 = -15(1) + 30
a1 = -15 + 30
✓ a1 = 15
a2 = -15(2) + 30
a2 = -15(2) + 30
a2 = -30 + 30
✓ a2 = 0

a3 = -15(3) + 30
a3 = -15(3) + 30
a3 = -45 + 30
✓ a2 = -15

Finding the Arithmetic Means

Arithmetic Means – terms m1, m2, …mk between two numbers a

and b such that a, m1, m2, …mk, b is an arithmetic sequence.

Example 1. Insert the missing term from the arithmetic sequence, 5, 11, 17,
____, 29.
Solution:
1. Get the common difference, d= 11- 5 = 6 or 17-11= 6; d=6
2. Add 6 to 17; 17 + 6 = 23
3. The missing term is 23.

Example 2. Insert 3 arithmetic means between 6 and 54.

Solution
Given: a1 = 6, an = 54, n = 5
Required: m1 , m2, m3
Substitute to the general form to get common difference:
an = a1 + (n-1) d
54 = 6+ (5-1) d
54 = 6 + 4d
48 = 4d
12 = d

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 Find the arithmetic means using the common difference.
m1 = a1 + d m2 = a1 + 2d m3 = a1 +3d
m1 = 6 + 12 m2 = 6 + 2(12) m3 = 6 + 3(12)
m1 = 18 m2 = 6 + 24 m3 = 6 + 36
m2 = 30 m3 = 42

The 3 arithmetic means are 18, 30, 42

Hence, the arithmetic sequence is 6, 18, 30, 42, 54.

PRACTICE EXERCISES

Let us check if you learned something

from the discussions…
Answer the following as your practice
tasks:

Common Difference

A. Find the common difference of the given arithmetic sequence and write it in your
answer sheet:

1. 2, 4, 6, 8,10, 12… d = ____

2. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 d = ____
3. -6, -7, -8, -9, -10, … d = ____
4. 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 d = ____
5. 13, 9, 5, 1, -3 d = ____
6. 1, 3, 5, 7, … d = ____
7. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 d = ____
8. 13, 8, 3, -2, -7 d = ____
9. -17, -13, -9, -5 … d = ____
10. -2x, -4x, -6x, -8x d = ____

B. Which of the following are arithmetic sequence? Write AS for arithmetic

sequence or NAS for non - arithmetic sequence in your answer sheet.

1. 3, 7, 11, 15, 19 6. -2, 4, -5, -30

2. 4, 16, 64, 256… 7. 1, 0, -1, -8, 16…
3. 48, 24, 12, 6, 3 1 2 3 5
8. ,
4
,
4 4
, 1, 4, …
4. 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36
9. 4x, 3x, 2x, x, …
5. 1, 1/2, 0, -1/2 10. 9.5, 7.5, 5.5, 3.5

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C. Show your solution to answer the following problem:

1. Find the value of k and determine the common difference of the arithmetic
sequence: 5k – 3, k + 2, 3k – 11.

2. Find the value of x if the arithmetic mean of 3 and 3x + 5 is 8. Determine

the arithmetic sequence and the common difference.

Rule of Arithmetic Sequence

A. Determine the first term (a1), common difference (d), number of terms and the
last term(an) of the following arithmetic sequence by completing the table:

Arithmetic Sequence First Term Common Number Last Term

(a1) Difference of (an)
(d) Terms(n)
1. 13, 9, 5, 1, -3,-7

2. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9

3. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25

4. 18, 9, 0, -9

5. -17, -13, -9, -5, -1

B. Find the nth term to illustrate the given arithmetic sequence:

1. 4, 9 14, 19, 24,29…

2. 15, 0, -15, -30, -45…
3. 7, 11, 15, 19, 23…
4. 5x, 9x, 13x, 17x…
5. 2.5, 4.5, 6.5, 8.5, 10.5…

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 Arithmetic Means

A. Find the arithmetic means. Refer to the number of terms to be inserted at

the right. Apply an = (n-1)d.

1. 2 and 32 [1]
2. 6 and 54 [3]
3. 68 and 3 [4]
4. 10 and 40 [5]
5. ½ and 2 [2]

B. 1. Insert five arithmetic means between 0 and -12

2. If six arithmetic means are inserted between 16 and 2, what is the second
mean?
3. What are the first and last term of an arithmetic sequence when its
arithmetic means are 35, 15, and -5?
4. The arithmetic mean between two terms in an arithmetic sequence is 39.
If one of these terms is 32, find the other term?

Are you now ready to

answer the test?

POST TEST

Instruction: Read each item carefully then choose the letter of your answer among the options.
Write only the letter on your answer sheet.

1
1. Which of the following is the common difference of the arithmetic sequence 1, ,
2
−1
0, 2
, -1 ?
1 −1
A. 2 C. 2
B. 1 D. -1
13 7 15
2. The common difference of the sequence 3, , , , ... is _____.
4 2 4
1 5
A. 4
C. 2
3
B. 3
D. 4

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3. Given the sequence 9.5, 7.5, 5.5, 3.5, the next term is ____.
A. 0.5 C. -0.5
B. 1.5 D. -1.5

4.If the common difference is -9 and the first term is 3x, the arithmetic
sequence that can be formed is _____________.
A. 3x - 9, 3x - 18, 3x - 27 C . 3x - 9, 12x - 9, 21x - 9
B. 3x + 9, 3x + 18, 3x + 27 D. 3x - 9, 12x - 9,

5. Which of the following does not illustrate an arithmetic sequence?

3 5
A. 1, 2 , 2, 2, 3 C. 3√2 , 5√2 , 7√2 , 9√2
B. 6, 13, 20, 27,33 D. -11, -5, 1, 7, 13
3 3
6. What is the value of x from the arithmetic sequence 4
, 1, x , 2
?
5
A. 4
C. 2
2
B. 3 D. 3

7. What is the nth term of the arithmetic sequence 5, 8, 11, 14 ...?

A. an = 3n + 2 C. an = 4n + 1
B. an = n + 4 D. an = 5n-1

8. The arithmetic sequence 3 ,5, 7, 9, 11 can be illustrated by the rule

A. 3n + 2 C. 3n – 2
B. 2n + 1 D. 3n + 2

9. If five arithmetic means are inserted between -9 and 9, what will be the
third mean?
A. -6 C. 0
B. -3 D. 3

10. The three arithmetic means between 8 and 100 are_________?

A. 22, 44, 88 C. 31, 54, 77
B. 23, 46, 78 D. 42 ,64, 88

ADDITIONAL ACTIVITIES

1. Write at least 5 arithmetic sequence and determine the common difference.

2. Draw/Illustrate situation or objects that show an arithmetic sequence.

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 ANSWER KEY

Pre-Test
1. A 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. B

Common Difference

A. 1. 2 B. 1. AS
2. 1 2. NAS
3. -1 3. NAS
4. 0.5 4. NAS
5. -4 5. AS
6. 2 6. NAS
7. 5 7. NAS
8. -4 8. AS
9. 4 9. AS
10. 2x 10. AS
C. 1. k = 3
d = -7
Solution:
(k +2) – (5k – 3) = (3k – 11) – (k + 2)
k + 2 – 5k + 3 = 3k – 11 – k – 2
-4k + 5 = 2k – 13
-4k - 2k = -13 – 5
6k = - 18
K =3

a1 = 5k – 3 a2 = k + 2 a3 = 3k – 11
a1 = 5(3) -3 a2 = 3 + 2 a3 = 3(3) -11
a1 = 15 – 3 a2 = 5 a3 = 9 -11
a1 = 12 a1 = -2

The arithmetic sequence is 12, 5, -2

The common difference is -7

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C. 2. X = 3
3, 8, 13
d=5

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 Solution:
8 – 3 = (3x + 5) – 8 a1 = 3
5 = 3x – 3 a2 = 8
5 + 3 = 3x a3 = 3x+ 5
8 8
=x = 3( ) + 5
3 3
=8+5
= 13
The arithmetic sequence is 3, 8, 13
The common difference is 5

Rule of Arithmetic Sequence

A. Determine the first term(a1), common difference(d), and the last term(an) of
the following arithmetic sequence by completing the table:

Arithmetic Sequence First Term Common Number Last Term

(a1) Difference of (an)
(d) Terms(n)
1. 13, 9, 5, 1, -3,-7 13 -4 6 -7

2. 1, 3, 5, 7, 9 1 2 5 9

3. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 5 5 5 25

4. 18, 9, 0, -9, 18 -9 4 -9

5. -17, -13, -9, -5, -1 -17 4 5 -1

B. 1. an = 5n + 1
2. an = -15n + 30
3. an = 4n + 3
4. an = 4x(n) + x
5. an = 2n + 0.5

Arithmetic Means

A. 1. 17
2. 18, 30, 42
3. 68, 42, 29, 16
4. 15, 20, 25, 30, 35
3
5. 2, , 2

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Solution

1. 2 and 32
a1 = 2
an = 32
n =3
an = (n-1)d.
32 = (3-1)d.
32 = 2d
17 = d
m1 = a1 + d
= 2 + 17
= 19

B. 1. 0, -2 , -4, -6, -8, -10, -12

2. 12
3. a1 = 55 , an = -25
4. 46

Solution:
1. given: a1 = 0, an = -12, n = 7
Required: m1, m2, m3, m4, m5
an = a1 + (n-1) d
-12 = 0 + (7-1) d
-12 = 6 d
-2 = d

m1 = a1 + d
= 0 + (-2)
= -2

m2 = a1 + 2d
= 0 + 2(-2)
= 0 + (-4)
= -4

m3 = a1 +3d
= 0 + 3(-2)
= 0 + (-6)
= -6

m4 = a1 + 4d
= 0 + 4(-2)

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 = 0 + (-8)
= -8
m5 = a1 + 5d
= 0 + 5(-2)
= -10

2. given: a1 = 16, an = 2, n = 8
Required: m2
Solution:
an = a1 + (n-1) d
2 = 16 + (8-1) d
2 = 16 + 7d
14 = 7d
-2 = d
To find m2, use the formula m2 = a1 + 2d
= 16 + 2(-2)
= 16 +(-4)
= 12

3. given: m1 = 35 , m2 = 15, m3 = - 5
Required: a1 and an
Solution: d = m2 - m1
d = 15 – 35
d = - 20

a1 = m1 - d
a1 = 35 – (-20)
a1 = 55

an = a5
a5 = a1 + 4d
a5 = 55 + 4(-20)
= 55 + (-80)
an = -25

4. given: one term = 32, mean = 39(serve as a 2)

Required: other term
Solution:
Let 32 = a1
Determine d:
d = a 2 - a1
d = 39 -32
d = 7
The other term is an , an = a3

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 a3 = a1 + 2d
a3 = 32 + 2(7)
a3 = 32 + 14
a3 = 46

so the arithmetic sequence is 32, 39, 46

But if a1 = unknown , given is a3 =32

Then, d = a3 - mean
= 32 - 39
d = -7
To find a1,
a1 = a3 - 2d
a1 = 32 – 2(-7)
a1 = 32 - (-14)
a1 = 32 + 14
a1 = 46
so the arithmetic sequence is 46, 39, 32

Post Test

1. C 6. A
2. A 7. A
3. B 8. B
4. A 9. C
5. B 10.C

Rubrics for Practice Task 1C, 2A, and 2B

Score Descriptors

5 The answer is completely accurate and logically presented. Neat

and clean , have no erasure .

4 The answer is completely accurate and logically presented. Have

little erasure.

3 Have correct final answer but the presentation of the solution is

not in order.

2 The answer contains major inaccuracies.

1 There is no answer

Rubrics for the Assignment 1

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 Score Descriptors

5 The answer is completely accurate. The answer shows five

arithmetic sequences and have determined the common
difference. Neat and clean .

4 The answer is completely accurate but only shows four arithmetic

sequences. Have determined the common difference. Have little
erasure.

3 The answer is contained only three arithmetic sequence and have

determined the common difference. .

2 The answer is contained only two or one arithmetic sequence and

the common difference was not determined.

1 There is no answer

Rubrics for the Assignment 2

Score Descriptors

5 The illustration is completely accurate. It shows an arithmetic

sequence. Visual presentation is 100% clear. Neat and clean .

4 The illustration is completely accurate. It shows an arithmetic

sequence. Visual presentation is clear. Have little erasure.

3 The illustration is accurate. It shows an arithmetic sequence

.Visual presentation is not clear.

2 The illustration is not an arithmetic sequence.

1 There is no answer

References

DLL Week 2
Mathematics Learner’s Module Grade 10

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