WHOLE BRAIN LEARNING SYSTEM

OUTCOME-BASED EDUCATION

GRADE
MATHEMATICS
10

LEARNING QUARTER I
MODULE WEEK 1
2

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 MODULE IN
MATHEMATICS 10

QUARTER I
WEEK II

The Arithmetic Mean/s and

Arithmetic Series

Development Teams

Writers: Monaliza M. Aquino Jonathan G. Pedro

Editors/Writers: Sherwin R. Andres Mark Joseph D. Pastor Neva A. Manding
Illustrator: Jeshimon C. Patoc
Lay-out Artist: Jonathan G. Pedro
Management Team:
Vilma D. Eda Joye D. Madalipay
Lourdes B. Arucan Juanito S. Labao
Marlyn S. Ventura

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 What I Need to Know

In this module, you will learn the concepts of arithmetic mean/s and the sum of the
terms of a given arithmetic sequence. As you go over the lessons and activities, you will be
able to learn how to determine arithmetic means and find the sum of the terms of a given
arithmetic sequence.

Most Essential Learning Competencies:

• determines arithmetic means, nth term of an arithmetic sequence and sum of
the terms of a given arithmetic sequence.
Objectives:
At the end of this module you should be able to:
1. define arithmetic means and arithmetic series;
2. find the arithmetic mean/s of a given arithmetic sequence; and
3. find the sum of the terms of a given arithmetic sequence.

What I Know

Directions: Read each problem carefully and solve for it. Choose the correct letter of your
answer by writing on the answer sheet provided.

1. If three arithmetic means are inserted between 100 and 34, which of the following is the
first mean?
A. 50.5 B. 66 C. 67 D. 83.5

2. What is the arithmetic mean between 5 and 19?

A. 12 B. 24 C. 48 D. 144

3. If 21 is the arithmetic mean between -5 and x, then what is the value of x?

A. -16 B. 26 C. 32 D. 47

4. If the first term of an arithmetic sequence is 3 and the common difference is 5, what could
be the sum of the first 20 terms?
A. 126 B. 252 C. 505 D. 1010
5. What is the sum of eight terms in the arithmetic sequence 8, 5, 2, -1,…?
A. -20 B. -16 C. 16 D. 20

6. What is the sum of the first thirty-five terms of an arithmetic series if the first term is -10
and the common difference is 21?
A. 6,070 B. 12,145 C. 18,217 D. 22,771

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7. Find the sum of the first 40 terms in the arithmetic sequence 11, 8, 5, 2,…
A. -2120 B. -1900 C. 1900 D. 2120

8. The sum of the terms of the arithmetic sequence 5, 9, 13, … , 37 is ______.

A. 186 B. 187 C. 189 D. 190

9. The arithmetic mean between 3 and a number x is -2. What is x ?

A. -7 B. -5 C. -1 D. 1

10. Find the sum of the first 50 natural numbers.

A. 100 B. 150 C. 1275 D. 5050

11. What is the sum of the arithmetic series 8 + 4 + 0 + ( −4) + + ( −92) ?

A. -2184 B. -1092 C. -100 D. 26

12. The sum of 5 consecutive terms in an arithmetic sequence is 35. If the first term is -3, find
the common difference.
A. -3 B. 5 C. 20 D. 32

13. A sari-sari store sells PhP 1,000 worth of products during the first week. The owner of the
sari-sari store has set a goal of increasing his weekly sales by Php 500 each week for 10
weeks. If we assume that the goal is met, find the total sales during the first 11 weeks this
store is in operation.
A. Php 11,000 B. Php 16,500 C. Php 38,500 D. Php 50,000

14. A tricycle driver charges 11 pesos for the first four-kilometer distance and 2 pesos for
additional kilometer thereafter. What is the fare for traveling 10 kilometers?
A. 11 B. 23 C. 29 D. 35

15. If three arithmetic means are inserted between 11 and 39, find the second arithmetic mean.
A. 18 B. 25 C. 32 D. 46

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 Lesson

1 ARITHMETIC MEAN/S

What’s In

Let’s start the lesson by doing the first activity.

Activity 1: Who’s Shoe?

“Who always goes to bed with shoes on?”

Directions: Determine the common difference of the following arithmetic sequence. In the
given table below, cross out the letter that matches your answer. The uncrossed
letters will allow you to figure out the answer to the question above.

1. 3, 11, 19, 27, 35, … d = ____

2. 7, 2, -3, -8, -13 d = ____
3. -2, 7, 16, 25, … d = ____
4. 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, … d = ____
5. 17, 11, 5, -1, -7 d = ____
6. -10, -8, -6, -4 d = ____
7. 7, 0, -7, -14 … d = ____

H P T O
7 4 -5 -2
M U R N
2 8 -9 9
S Y W E
-8 -7 -6 5

Answer: ________
Did you get all the correct answers? If all your answers are correct, well done! Jump
into the next activity as it will help you understand more about arithmetic sequence and how
you will apply it in your daily life.

In Activity 1, we recalled how to find the common difference in a given arithmetic

sequence. You will use this knowledge in answering the next activity.

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 What’s New

Activity 2: It’s your TERM to shine!

Study the given arithmetic sequences. Determine the term that will replace the .

a. 7, 11, 15, , 23, 27

b. 2, 1, , -1, -2
c. -3, , -27, -33
d. -8, -3, , 7, 12
e. 0.17, 0.77, , 1.97, 2.57, 3.17
f. 3, 6, , , 15
g. -7, ,5
h. 22, , , , 60

Guide Questions:
1. How did you find the missing term/s?
2. Did you use the same method/technique in finding the missing term/s in all the items?
3. Was the formula in finding the nth term of the arithmetic sequence helpful in finding
the unknown term/s?

What is It

The previous activity allows you to find the missing term/s in an arithmetic sequence.
Hence, we are now ready to formally define arithmetic mean/s.
The terms between any two nonconsecutive terms of an arithmetic sequence are
called arithmetic means.
For example, consider the arithmetic sequence 3, 6, 9, 12, 15. The terms 6, 9 and 12
are the 3 arithmetic means between the terms 3 and 15.

You can also use the definition below to define arithmetic means.

If 𝑎, 𝑡1 , 𝑡2 , … , 𝑡𝑚 , 𝑏 form an arithmetic sequence, then

𝑡1 , 𝑡2 , … , 𝑡𝑚 are then the arithmetic means between a and b.

Illustrative Examples:
1. Insert five arithmetic means between 4 and 22.

Solution: Let t1,t 2 ,t 3 ,t 4 ,t 5 be the five arithmetic means between 4 and 22.

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 Thus, 4,t1,t 2 ,t3 ,t 4 ,t5 ,22 form an arithmetic sequence with first term a1 = 4 and a7 = 22 .
By using the formula of an arithmetic sequence an = a1 + (n − 1)d , we have 22 = 4 + (7 − 1)d
or d = 3 .

This implies that the 5 arithmetic means between 4 and 22 are 7, 10, 13, 16, 19.

If one arithmetic mean is inserted between a and b, then the arithmetic sequence a, t, b
is formed. The number t is the arithmetic mean between a and b. Because a, t, b is an
a+b
arithmetic sequence, it means that t − a = b − t . It follows that t = .
2

2. What is the arithmetic mean between 38 and 98?

Solution: Let a=38 and b=98, then the arithmetic mean (t) is
𝑎 + 𝑏
𝑡=
2

38 + 98
𝑡=
2
t = 87

3. If three arithmetic means are inserted between the terms 5 and 21, what is the 2 nd mean?

Solution:
We write the sequence as 5, ___, ___, ___, 21. Consider a 1=5 and a5= 21, so solving
for d, we have
an= a1 + (n-1)d
21= 5 + (5-1)d

16 = 4d

d= 4

To obtain the second mean, simply add the common difference 4 in the first term.
Therefore, the second mean is 9.

4. Insert two arithmetic means between 5x + 3y and 8x.

Solution:
Let t1 and t2 be the two arithmetic means between 5x+3y and 8x.
Thus, we write the terms of the sequence as 5x+3y, t1__, t2__, 8x with a1 =5x+3y and
a4= 8x.
By using the formula of an arithmetic sequence an = a1 + (n − 1)d , solve for the
common difference, d. That is,
a4 = a1 +(4 -1)d
8x = 5x+3y+(4-1)d (Substitution Property)
8x = 5x+3y+3d ( Addition Property)

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 8x-5x-3y = 3d
3x – 3y = 3d
3 3
d = x-y
To find the first arithmetic mean, t1, add the common difference d to 5x+3y,
t1 = 5x + 3y + (x-y)
= 5x +3y+x-y
= 6x + 2y
Solving for t2, t2 = 6x + 2y + (x-y)
= 6x +2y+x-y
= 7x +y.
Therefore, the two arithmetic means between 5x + 3y and 8x are 6x + 2y and 7x + y.

What’s More

Activity 3: Find the MEAN!

Solve the following.
____ 1. Insert five arithmetic means between 14 and 86.
____ 2. Find the arithmetic mean between 7 and -15.
____ 3. Insert three arithmetic means between 18 and 4.
____ 4. Insert two arithmetic means between 2x - 4y and 5x + 5y.
____ 5. The arithmetic mean between 5x – 7 and 3x – 11 is x. find x.

What I Have Learned

1. The terms between any two nonconsecutive terms of an arithmetic

sequence are called arithmetic means.

2. If a, t1, t2, …, tm, b form an arithmetic sequence, then t1, t2, …, tm

are the arithmetic means between a and b.

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 What I Can Do
Activity 4: What are your means?
The life of a student like you is challenging because of the problems you often meet.
Being able to overcome those obstacles make life more meaningful. There are also times that
the path you share victories with your family and friends and there are also moments when
you seem uncertain and broken which may hinder you in achieving your goals in life.

We just learned in our lesson how to insert means between two terms. In this
connection, make a life map where you will insert highlights and challenging moments of your
academic journey. Make sure you have common gap years in between those highlights.
Example, you may start from Grade 2, then Grade 6, and finally Grade 10 (note that there is
a 4-year gap between the grade levels). Use the life map below in answering.

Happiest
Moments

Challenging
Moments

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 SUM OF THE TERMS OF A
Lesson
GIVEN ARITHMETIC
2
SEQUENCE

What’s In
Let’s test your skill in addition with a twist. Are you ready? Here it is the test:

Find the sum of the first 100 natural numbers

1 + 2 + 3 + … + 98 + 99 +100

The problem given above was the same problem given to Carl Friedrich Gauss
(1777-1885) in his early childhood by his teacher. He was asked to add all the numbers from
1 to 100 and he immediately gave 5,050 as his answer. Of course, the young Gauss did not
add all the numbers, instead he was able to recognize that the sequence of numbers from 1
to 100 has a pattern and has an interesting property behind it.

Do you have any idea on how he did it? Take the next activity to give you a hint on
how the problem is solved.

Activity 1: Give me SUM Pair

“What is the sum of numbers 1 to 100?”
1. Find the sum of the following pairs of numbers: 1 and 100, 2 and 99, 3 and 98, … , 50
and 51 as it is illustrated below.

2. What is the sum of each pair?

3. How many pairs are there in item number 1?

4. Using the answers in items 2 and 3, find the sum of the numbers from 1 to 100.

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 What’s New
The challenge given above, finding the sum of the first 100 natural numbers, is the
same as finding the sum of the first 100 terms of an arithmetic sequence of which first term is
1 and a common difference of 1. The sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence is series.
Therefore, it follows that the sum of the terms in an arithmetic sequence is called an arithmetic
series.

Let’s have another example to deepen our understanding on arithmetic series.

Consider the problem on Hanz’s Savings.

Hanz’s Savings
Since January, Hanz has always wanted to buy a new cellphone. When he went
back to school after the Christmas break, he started saving some money from his
allowance. He was able to save Php 500.00 on the first month. He continued saving,
and he was able to save Php 700.00 in February, Php 900.00 in March, Php 1100.00 in
April, and so on.

Questions:
1. How much money did he save on his fifth month?
2. If Hanz wants to buy a cellphone worth Php 13,500.00, would he have enough
money to buy the said cellphone after 10 months of saving?

If we consider that the difference on savings of Hanz per month is constant, then we
can say that the money saved forms an arithmetic sequence. That is,
500, 700, 900, 1100, …

To answer question 2, we need to add the savings of Hanz in 10 months, that is,
500 + 700 + 900 +1100 +….

Since we considered 500, 700, 900, 1100, … as an arithmetic sequence, then it

follows that the sum of these numbers is an example of an arithmetic series.

What do you think is the answer for question number 2? Did you solve it manually or
did you have a technique to answer the problem easily? The succeeding lessons and
illustrative examples will help you verify your answer.

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 What Is It

Let us discover more about arithmetic series.

To find the sum of an arithmetic series, we need to find a convenient way of dealing
with it. Adding the terms one by one to find the sum of the series might take too much time.
So, forming a general rule for all the sum of an arithmetic series would make it easier.

An arithmetic series is the sum of the terms in an arithmetic sequence,

denoted by Sn.

We write the sum of first n terms of an arithmetic series as,

Sn = a1 + a2 + a3 + … + an

Or we can write in reverse order,

Sn= an + an-1 + an-2 + …a1 .

Rewriting the two equations using their preceding terms and the common difference d,
we have

Sn = a1 +(a1+d) +(a1+2d) + …+ [a1+(n -1)d] (Equation 1)

Sn = an + (an-d) + (a1-2d) + …+ [an - (n - 1)d] (Equation 2)

Adding equation 1 and equation 2,

2Sn = (a1+an) +(a1+an) +(a1+an) + …(a1+an).

Since there are n terms of the form (a1+an), then 2Sn = n(a1+an).

Dividing both sides by 2, we get

𝑛
Sn =2 (a1+an).

Since, an = a1+(n-1)d, then by substitution, we get

𝑛 [a1 +(a1 +(n−1)𝑑 ] 𝑛

Sn = or Sn = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ].
2

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 Therefore, the general rule for an arithmetic series can be stated as follows:

The sum S of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is denoted by:

n
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑎𝑛 )
2 1
or
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
where
𝑎1 is the first term,
𝑎𝑛 the nth term,
n the number of terms, and
d the common difference.

Illustrative examples:
1. What is the sum of the terms of the arithmetic sequence 2, 7, 12, 17, 22, …72?

Solution:
To find the sum of the terms of the arithmetic sequence, we use the formula:
𝑛
Sn =2 (a1+an)
The formula requires the first term (a1), the last term (an), and the number of terms (n).

Since the number of terms in the sequence is not given, we need to solve for it. So,
a1 = 2 an = 72 d= 7- 2 = 5

an = a1 + (n-1)d
72 = 2 + 5( n-1) Substitution Property
72 - 2 = 5(n-1) Addition Property of Equality
70 = n - 1 Multiplication Property of Equality
n = 15 Addition Property of Equality

The arithmetic sequence has 15 terms, then we have

𝑛
Sn = 2 (a1+an)
15
S15 = (2 + 72)
2
15
= (74)
2
S15 = 555
Therefore, the sum of the terms of the arithmetic sequence is 555.

2. What is the sum of the first 26 terms of an arithmetic sequence whose first and fifth
terms are 3 and 27 respectively?

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 Solution:
Since, the first term (a1) is 3 and the fifth term (a5) is 27, we can find the
common difference using:
an = a1 + (n-1)d
a5 = 3 + (5-1)d
27 = 3 + 4d
27- 3 = 4d
24= 4d
d= 6

The last term of the sequence is not provided, so simply make use of the data
available.
First term: a1 = 3
Common difference: d= 6
Number of terms: n = 26

Let us use the other formula for an arithmetic series, that is

𝑛
Sn = 2 [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
26
S26 = [2(3) + 6(26 − 1)] Replacement Property
2
= 13[6 + 6(25)] Simplify
= 13[6 + 150]
= 13[156]
S26 = 2028
Therefore, the sum of the first 26 terms of the arithmetic sequence is 2028.

Let’s go back to the problem on Han’z savings.

Question 1: How much money did he save on his fifth month?

Solution:
Given the arithmetic sequence showing Hanz’s savings in the past 5 months:
Arithmetic sequence: 500, 700, 900, 1100, 1300…
Using the formula,
𝑛
Sn = (a1+an)
2
5
S5 = (500+1300)
2
5
S5 = (1800)
2
S5 =4500

Hanz saved a total of PhP 4 500.00 after 5 months of saving.

Question 2: Hanz wants to buy a cellphone worth PhP13,500.00 Would he have enough
money to buy the cellphone after 10 months of saving?
Solution:
Using the second formula for an arithmetic series, we have,

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 𝑛
Sn = [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑 ]
2
10
Sn = [2(500) + (10 − 1)200]
2

Sn = 5[1000 + (9)200]
Sn = 5[1000 + 1800]
Sn = 5[2800]
Sn = 14000

What I Have Learned

Therefore, Hanz will be able to save PhP 14,000.00 after 10 months of saving from his
allowance. Since the cost of his desired cellphone is PhP 13 500.00, he can buy his new
cellphone after the 10th month and can keep the remaining PhP 500 as his savings.

What’s More

1. An arithmetic series is the sum of the terms in an arithmetic sequence,

denoted by Sn.
2. The sum S of the first n terms of an arithmetic series is denoted by
n
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = (𝑎 + 𝑎𝑛 )
2 1
or
𝑛
𝑆𝑛 = [2𝑎1 + (𝑛 − 1)𝑑]
2

where
𝑎1 is the first term
𝑎𝑛 is the nth term
n is the number of terms and
d is the common difference.

Let’s try this one…

Activity 2:
A.Find the sum of each arithmetic series.

Sequence Sum
1. 6, -1, -8,-15,-22,-29

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 2. 7, 3 ,-1, -5, -9,-13,-17,
3. m, 3m+1, 5m+2, 7m+3, 9m+4
4. 73, 69, 65, 61, …-39
7 19 21 23
5. , 9, , 10, , 11, , 12
2 2 2 2

B. Find the indicated sum of arithmetic sequence.

Arithmetic Sequence Indicated Sum

1. 3, 10, 17, 21, 24, 31, 38… S20 :____________________
2. 8, 1,-6,-13,-20,-27,-34… S23 :____________________
3. 16, 27,38, 49, 60,71 S15 :____________________

1 5 7
4. , 1, 3 , 3 , 3, . .. S50 :____________________
3

5. 5.5, 7, 8.5,10, 11.5,13 S40 :____________________

What I Can Do
Activity 3: Ipon SERIES Challenge with a TWIST!

A number of people went “crazy” over the Ipon Challenge which went viral in the social
media in 2019. This made them earn money on their own without saving in a bank.
During this time of pandemic, you are given the challenge to do the same. At a young
age, to earn a living is now a must.
This time, do the Ipon Series Challenge with a Twist whereby you are going to set
aside a penny for a month. Your savings should be likened to an arithmetic sequence. The
first day of your earned money will be the first term of the sequence. Set a common difference
of your earnings daily. For example, you will set aside 10 pesos for the first day and 15 pesos
for the second day. So, the common difference per day is 5 pesos. This means that you will
set aside 20 pesos on the third day. An illustration of the sample savings is shown below.

Day1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7

Php 10.00 Php 15.00 Php 20.00

Answer the following:

1. Fill up the table below for the daily saving.

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7

Day 8 Day 9 Day 10 Day 11 Day 12 Day 13 Day 14

Day 15 Day 16 Day 17 Day 18 Day 19 Day 20 Day 21

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 Day 22 Day 23 Day 24 Day 25 Day 26 Day 27 Day 28

Day 29 Day 30

2. At the end of the month, how much money will you earn?

3. Once you accomplish the challenge, how are you going to spend your savings?

Assessment

Direction: Read statements carefully and encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the sum of all the multiples of 3 between 5 and 32?

A. 156 B. 162 C. 165 D. 198

2. The sum of the 5 terms in the arithmetic sequence is 35. If the first term is -3, find the
common difference.
A. -5 B. 3 C. 5 D. 7

2. The third term of the arithmetic sequence is 9 and the fifth term is 17. What is the sum
of the first 5 terms of the sequence?
A. 36 B. 45 C. 66 D. 85

3. If three arithmetic means are inserted between -36 and 4, which of the following is the
first mean?
A. -26 B. -16 C. -10 D. -6

5. What is the arithmetic mean between 295 and 487?

A. 390 B. 391 C. 392 D.393

6. What are the five arithmetic means between 26 and 116?

A. 41,54,70,87,101 B. 41,56,71.86,101
C. 41,55,70,85,100 D. 42,57,72,86,102

7. What is the sum of the terms of an arithmetic sequence indicated by the following
conditions; a1=27, d= -7, n =30.?

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 A. -2242 B. - 2235 C. 2235 D. 2912

8. How many multiples of 5 are between 15 and 95?

A. 14 B. 15 C. 16 D. 17

9. If three arithmetic means are inserted between -6 and 14, what is the second arithmetic
mean?
A. -8 B.-4 C. 1 D. 4

10. What is the sum of all multiples of 2 from 4 to 20?

A. 106 B. 108 C. 110 D. 112

11. What is the sum of all integers that are multiples of 4 from 1 to 150?
A. 1406 B.1517 C. 2736 D. 2812

12. If a1=4 and S10=355, what is a10?

A.37 B. 67 C. 77 D. 87
13.What is the sum of all odd integers between 6 and 28?
A. 160 B. 167 C. 187 D. 189

14. What is the sum of the first 9 terms of the arithmetic sequence 5,8,11,14,…
A. 153 B. 157 C. 159 D. 160

15. What are the missing terms in the sequence 13, 9, 5,___, ___, -7, -11,…
A. -3 and –6 B. -1 and-3
C. -1 and -6 D. 1 and –3

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19
Pre-Test
1. D 6. B 11. A
2. A 7. B 12. B
3. D 8. C 13. C
4. D 9. A 14. B
5. A 10. C 15. B
Lesson 1: Arithmetic Means
Activity 1: Who’s Shoe? (Recall)
1. 8 5. -6
2. -5 6. 2
3. 9 7. -7
4. 4 Answer: HORSE
Activity 2: It’s your TERM to shine!
a. 19 e. 1.37
b. 0 f. 9, 12
c. -9 g. -1
d. 2 h. 31.5, 41, 50.5
Activity 3: Find the MEAN!
1. d = 12; 26, 38, 50, 62, 74
2. -4
3. d = -3.5; 14.5, 11, .7.5
4. d = x + 3y; 3x -y, 4x + 2y
5. x = 3
Assessment
1. d = 7; 12, 19
2. d = 6; -17, -11, -5, 1
3. d = -3 -15, -18, -21, -24
1 7 2
4. d = , ,
12 12 3
5. d = 5x 7x, 12x
Lesson 2: Sum of the terms of a given arithmetic sequence
Activity 1: Give me SUM Pair
1. 101
2. 101
3. 50
4. 5, 050
Activity 2: Sum it!
A B.
1. -69 1. 1,390
2. -35 2. 1,633
3. 25m + 10 3. 1,395
4. 493 4. 300
5. 62 5. 2,380
Assessment
1. B 6. B 11. D
2. C 7. B 12. B
3. B 8. B 13. C
4. A 9. D 14. A
5. B 10. B 15. D
Answer Key
References
Banaag, Geraldo DG and Quan, Reymond Anthony M.. Global Mathematics 10. The Library
Publishing House Incorporated. 2013
Mathematics Learner’s Module. Grade 10.First Edition 2015.REX Book Store, Inc. Department
of Education. Republic of the Philippines.
E.A. Cabral, M.L.A.N. De Las Pe˜nas, E.P. De Lara-Tuprio, F.F. Francisco, I.J.L. Garces, R.M.
Marcelo, and J.F. Sarmiento, Precalculus, Ateneo de Manila University Press, 2010
Orines, Fernando B.,et.al. Next Century Mathematics. The New Grade 10. Phoenix Publishing
House, Inc., Quezon City, Philippines.2015

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