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Anatomy
The Abdomen
Small and large intestine
The objectives:
1. To get knowledge about the normal anatomy of the small and large
intestine.
2. Understanding the normal location of structures and their anatomical
relationships is necessary in practicing surgery.
3. Knowing the anatomical basis is very important in solving the clinical
problems.
The jejunoileum
It is the portion of the small intestine which is suspended from the posterior
abdominal wall by the mesentery . There is no clear line of demarcation between
the 2 parts . the upper two fifths ( 8 feet ) is the jejunum, the lower three fifths
( 12 feet ) is the ileum . The jejunum is wider-bored, thicker walled and redder
than ileum. In addition, jej. mesentery contains less fat so that the vessels are
more clearly visible than in the ileal mesentery.
Small intestine is mainly located in the center of the abdominal cavity. The
distal part of the ileum ends in the medial aspect of cecum .
The Mesentery :
It is a double layer of peritoneum which covers the jejunoileum and connects it to
the posterior abdominal wall. It carries mesenteric blood & lymphatic vessels as
well as nerves to the intestine & organs. It contains fat and areolar tissue .
Its intestinal border is 20 feet while its root (attached border to post. abd wall) is
about 6 inches. The root of the mesentery starts over the distal end of the 4th part
of duodenum (duodenojejunal flexure) to the left of L2 vertebra , and it ends in
the right iliac fossa ant. to the right sacroiliac joint . between these two points the
root of the mesentery crosses the 3rd part of duodenum , aorta , inferior vena
cava , right ureter & the right psoas muscle.
The cecum :
It is the blind pouch of the large intestine , lies below the junction of the ileum
and the colon . located in the right iliac fossa. It opens above into the ascending
colon. The cecum is completely peritonized .
Is formed by the infolding of the end of ileum into the cavity of the cecum.
2 Dr. Ahmed Hisham 30/3/2022
2nd stage/ Anatomy / 2021 -2022 فرع التشريح/ كلية الطب/جامعة الموصل Lecture 6
It is the largest & most movable part of large intestine. It begins from the right
colic (hepatic) flexure to the left colic ( splenic ) flexure opposite to the spleen .
It is attached posteriorly by its meso colon on a line which crosses the 2nd part of
duodenum & pancreas.
It passes inferiorly from the Lt colic flexure to reach Lt iliac fossa, where it curves
downward ending at the Lt side of pelvic brim in sigmoid colon .
Blood supply :
Superior mesenteric artery : It arises from the aorta at the level of
lower part of L1 vertebra (above 3rd part of duodenum) .it passes behind
the neck of pancreas crossing the uncinate process of pancreas & crosses
the 3rdpart of the duod. It runs within the mesentery and descends
downward toward right iliac fossa . It gives the following branches :
1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
2. Intestinal branches {for ileojejunum} .
3. Middle colic artery : it is divided into Rt & Lt branches for ( T. colon ) .
4. Right colic artery : it divides into ascending & descending branches (for
ascending colon ) .
3 Dr. Ahmed Hisham 30/3/2022
2nd stage/ Anatomy / 2021 -2022 فرع التشريح/ كلية الطب/جامعة الموصل Lecture 6
5. Ileocolic artery : it divides at the ileocecal junction into: -colic branch -ant.
cecal branch -post. cecal -ileal branch -appendicular branch .
The superior mesenteric artery ends by anastomosing with the ileal branch
of the ileocolic artery . The sup. mesenteric art. supplies the distal part of
duodenum ,ileojejunum ,cecum ,appendix , asc.colon and Rt 2/3 of T.colon
1. Left colic artery : it divides into ascending & descending branches ( for
descending colon ) .
2. Sigmoid arteries : 2-3 branches .
3. Superior rectal artery : it is the continuation of the artery , it will divide into
two branches . descending along the rectum .
The artery supplies the left 1/3 of T.colon , descending colon , sigmoid colon,
rectum & upper part of anal canal .
Venous drainage :
To portal circulation (through superior and inferior mesenteric veins which
have tributaries similar to the branches of the arteries)
lymphatic drainage :
To superior and inferior mesenteric lymph nodes around sup. and inf.
mesenteric arteries.
Nerve supply:
Sympathetic: by superior and inferior mesenteric plexuses around same
arteries (from celiac plexus and lumbar splanchnic nerves from sympathetic
trunks).
Parietal lymphatics : go to
■External iliac L.N ■ common iliac L.N ■lumbar chain L.N (Lt & Rt hain)
The lymph. vessels from these 3 groups form the lumbar trunk on each side (Rt &
Lt) & then the Rt & Lt trunks drain into cisterna chyli (found below diaphragm)
which continues as the thoracic duct .
Visceral lymphatics : go to
The lymphatics from the 3 groups form the intestinal trunk which empties into
left lumbar trunk .
Summary
The jejunoileum
The Mesentery :
THE LARGE INTESTINE
Differences between small and large intestine
Blood supply :
Venous drainage :
lymphatic drainage :
Nerve supply:
Portal vein and portal circulation
Lymphatic drainage of the abdomen
MCQs
1. Inferior mesenteric artery, all are correct except
a. it arises from aorta just above the 3rd part of duodenum
b. it supplies descending colon
c. it shares in the formation of marginal artery
d. it gives arterial supply to rectum
e. it crosses the left common iliac artery
References: