EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Classification of Plants
What is living Organisms? EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

 Living organisms share characteristics

such as the ability to move and reproduce.
There are different types of living
organisms including plants, animals,
fungi, bacteria.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

What is kingdom?
 Living things are divided into five
kingdoms: animal, plant, fungi, protist
and Monera.

 FIVE KINGDOMS:

 Protista (the single-celled eukaryotes)

 Fungi (fungus and related organisms)
 Plantae (the plants)
 Animalia (the animals)
 Monera (the prokaryotes)
Plants EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

 In plants, plants can’t move like

animals, so they are sessile.
 Plants are autotrophs, meaning
they make their own food
through Photosynthesis.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.
 Q1.Who proposed the
five-kingdom
classification of living
organism?

 Answer: Robert
Whittaker proposed by
the “Five kingdom
classification of living
organisms.
 Q2. Mention the EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

kingdom in
Whittakers five
kingdom
classification.
 Answer: Kingdom
Protista
 Kingdom Fungi
 Kingdom Plantae
 Kingdom Animalia
 Kingdom Monera
Textbook diagram
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Q3.Which are the special cell organelles

that differentiate plants cells from
animals cell ?
Ans: Chloroplasts are the special cell
organelles found in plants ( they are not
found in animals cells) that differentiate
plant cells from animal cells.
Q4.Who classified the kingdom plantae
into two sub-kingdom ?
Ans: Botanist named Eichler in 1883
classified the kingdom plantae into two
kingdom .
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Q5.Which are the two classifications of

plantae kingdom?
Ans: Cryptogams and phanerogams are the
two classifications of plantae kingdom.
Q6. Discuss the basis for classification of
plants ?
Ans: (i) Presence or absence of organs
(ii) Presence or absence of separate
conducting tissues for conduction of food
and water.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

 (iii)
Presence or absence of
seeds in plants
 (iv)Whether seeds are
enclosed in fruits and not.
EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.
What is Cryptogams ? EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

 A plant that has no flowers or

seeds, including ferns, mosses,
liverworts, lichens, algae, and
fungi.
 A cryptogam is a plant that
reproduces by spores, without
flowers or seeds. "Cryptogams"
means "hidden reproduction",
referring to the fact that no
seed is produced, thus
cryptogams represent the non-
seed bearing plants.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Ferns
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

mosses
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liverworts
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lichens
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Algae
 What is Thallophyte ? EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

 Thallophyta is a A unicellular organism is an organism

division of the plant that consists of a single cell.
kingdom including
primitive forms of plant
life showing a simple
plant body.
 Including unicellular to
large algae, fungi,
lichens.
 They are simple plants
without roots stems or
leaves.
EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.
 Q.8 Explain Sub-kingdom: Cryptogams.
 Ans: Plants belonging to sub-kingdom cryptogams
reproduce with the help of spores.
 Spores are produced by bacteria, fungi, algae, and plants.

 (1) Division I- Thallophyta

 (i) Plants belonging to division thallophyta grow mainly in
water. some grow in fresh water, while others grown in
marine water.
 (ii) These plants do not have specific parts like root, stem,
leaves and flowers.
 (iii) they are autotrophic owing to the presence of
chlorophyll. such plants are called algae
 (iv) Algae show great diversity. they either unicellular or
multicellular. some are Microscopic( small) while other are
Macroscopic (large)
 Examples of algae are Spirogyra, Ulva, etc.
 Some of these are found in fresh water while some are
found in saline water.
 These plants usually have a soft and fibre-like body.
 Various types of fungi like yeasts and molds which do not
have chlorophyll are also included in this group.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Bryophyta
 A division of small
flowerless green
plants which
comprises the
mosses and
liverworts. They
lack true roots and
reproduce by
spores released
from a stalked
capsule.
 (2) Division II-Bryophyta EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

(1) Plants belonging to division Bryophyta are

amphibious, because they grow on moist soil but
require water for reproduction.
 (2) Plants are thalloid multicellular and autotrophic.
 (3) They reproduce by spores.
(4) The structure of the plants body is long ribbon
like and flat without true roots, stem and leaves.
(5) They lack specific tissues for the conduction of
food and water.
(6) Examples of Bryophytes are Funaria (Moss),

Riccia.
 You may have seen a lush green soft carpet on
old walls, bricks and rocks in the rainy season.
 Scrape it gently with a small ruler, observe it
under a magnifying lens.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Pteridophyta
 (1) Plants belonging to Pteridophyta
bears well developed roots, stem and
leaves.

 (2) They do not bear flowers and

fruits.

 (3) They bear separate tissues for the

conduction of food and water.

 (4) Pteridophytes reproduce by

means of spores which are formed on
the posterior side of their leaves.

 You may have seen ferns among the

ornamental plants in a garden. Take a
leaf of a fully grown fern and observe it
carefully.

(5) Nephrolephis, Adiantum, Pteris

examples of Pteridophytes.
EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.
EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Sub- Kingdom – Phanerogams

1) Phanerogams are
characterised by the presence
of flowers, fruits, seeds.
(2) Phanerogams are further
classified into gymnosperms
and angiosperms.
(3) In gymnosperms the seeds
are naked while in
angiosperms the seeds are
enclosed in fruits.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Division I – Gymnosperms.
 Gymnos – naked, sperms-
seeds
 Gymnosperms are perennial,
woody and evergreen plants.
 The stems of gymnosperms are
unbranched.
 The leaves form a crown at the
top of the plant
 Seeds are not enclosed in fruits
 Cycas, Thuja, picea, pinus etc.
EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.
 EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.

Division II- Angiosperms

 Angios – concealed or hidden
 Sperms – seeds
 (1) Angiosperms are those
plants in which the seeds are
concealed .
 (2) These plants posses all
organs of these plants
 (3) Flowers are reproductive
organs of these plants.
 (4) Angiosperms are divided
into two groups, viz, Monocots
and dicots depending on the
number of cotyledons in their
seeds.

EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.
EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.
EduVista Classes – Prof. Priyanka.