HEALTHCARE

POLICIES
AND LEGISLATION
N.M.C & J.C.I

SUBMITTED BY-
SAMRA
KHALID
KARTIKAI
JAWED
 INDIAN MEDICAL COUNCIL (MCI) /
NATIONAL MEDICAL COMMISSION (NMC)

•The Medical Council of India was established in 1934 under the Indian Medical Council Act, 1933. In
1956, the old Act was repealed and a new one was enacted.

• This was further modified in 1964, 1993 and 2001. With the government unable to get the Indian
Medical Council (Amendment) Bill passed in Parliament, the old IMC Act that provided autonomy to the
regulatory body was restored.

•The national medical commission (NMC) has been constituted by an act of

parliament known as national medical commission act, 2019 which came into force
on 25.9.2020 by gazette notification dated 24.9.2020.

•The board of governors in supersession of medical council of india constituted

under section 3A of the indian medical council act, 1956 stands dissolved
thereafter.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

• To improve and access the quality and affordable medical education.

• To ensure availability of adequate and high quality medical professionals in all the areas of India.

• To promote health care and makes services of medical professionals. accessible to all the citizens.

• To encourages research work in medical education and services.

• To assess medical institutions periodically in a transparent manner.

• To maintain a medical register for India.

• To enforce high ethical standards in all aspects of medical services.

• To have an effective grievance redressal mechanism.

 BOARDS FORMATION OF NMC

NMC consist of four boards: NMC consists of 33 members, including

•Under- graduate medical education board (UGMEB) •A chairperson

•Post graduate medical education board ( PGMEB) •10 ex officio members

•Medical assessment and rating board •22 part-time members

•Ethics and medical registration board

 FUNCTIONS OF MCI

The main functions of the MCI are listed below :

• Maintenance of Indian Medical Register

• Regulation of standard of undergraduate and postgraduate medical education

• Permission for establishment of new medical college, new course of study and increase in seats

• Recognition of medical qualification granted by universities in India

• De-recognition of medical qualification.

• Recognition of foreign medical qualifications under the scheme of reciprocity.

• Appellate powers: It advises the Central Health Ministry when an appeal is made by a medical practitioner against
the decision of the SMC on disciplinary matters. Its decision is binding on the appealing party as well as the SMC.
•Disciplinary control: over doctors and hospitals.

• Certificates: It is empowered to issue certificates of good conduct

• CME programmes; recognition and promotion xi. Faculty development programme; promotion

STATE MEDICAL COUNCIL (SMC)

The state medical councils maintains the register of doctors
registered in each state which is then forward to the Medical
council each quarter for updation in the national register.

•However, Foreign medical graduates have the option to directly

register at the MCI.
• directory of all registered doctors - Indian Medical Register.
STATE MEDICAL COUNCIL (SMC) FORMATION

•Medical teachers from different universities of the state, elected by the teachers of different medical
institutions.

• .Members elected by registered medical practitioners of the state.

• Some members are nominated by the State Government.

• President and a Vice-President were elected amongst themselves.

FUNCTIONS
• Maintenance of Medical Register

• ii. Renewal of medical registration

• Disciplinary control over RMPs.

WHAT CHANGES AND WHAT DOESN’T?

The NMC has been introduced with a view that it will do away with the existing corruption in the Indian medical field.
In comparison to MCI, NMC’S functioning differs in many ways, while there are few similarities as well. Here are
some of the differences and similarities between NMC and MCI.
•Members- While MCI had 100+ members, NMC will only have 25 members in the committee.
•Re-nomination- MCI members could be re-nominated or re-elected. But NMC members nominated by the central
government Cannot be renominated.
•Decision- In MCI fifteen of 100+ members were enough to make a meeting and its decisions valid while for NMC, it
will be 13 out of 25.
•Tenure- The MCI tenure was five years, while the NMC tenure will be four years. MCI had to meet at least once a
year while the commission has to meet every quarter.
•Appointment- Nearly 70% of the 100-plus member MCI were elected members were elected. But a majority of the
representatives of the NMC would be nominated by the central government.
•Assets- Unlike MCI, the members of NMC will have to declare their assets at the time of assuming office and when
they leave. They will also have to submit a conflict of interest declaration.
•No jurisdiction over AIIMS- Like MCI, NMC also will have no jurisdiction over the various AIIMS, JIMPER or PGI
in almost all matters.
J.C.I
(JOINT COMMISSION
INTERNATIONAL)
INTRODUCTION
• To improve the safety and quality of care in the international community through the
provision of education, publications, consultation, evaluation, and accreditation services
• Joint Commission International {JCI} was founded in the late 1990s to survey hospitals
outside of the United States.
• JCI, which is also not-for- profit, currently accredits facilities in Asia, Europe, the
Middle East, and South America.
• A count of JCl-accredited hospitals worldwide (as listed on the JCI website till 2015} shows
820 hospitals in 4 7 & above countries. 21 hospitals in India

• JCI Standards are the basis for accreditation and certification of individual health care
facilities and program around the world
• An independent, non-profit, nongovernmental agency
• Accredits over 15,000 health care organizations in the United States
 Accreditation -A Definition
• A government or non-government agency grants recognition to health care institutions
which meet certain standards that require continuous improvement in structures, processes,
and outcomes
• Usually a voluntary process
What is Accreditation Intended to Accomplish?
• Maximize quality/minimize safety risk
• Improve patient care processes and outcomes
• Enhance patient safety
• Strengthen the confidence of patients, professionals, and payors about the organization
• Improve the management of health services
• Enhance staff recruitment, retention, and satisfaction
• Provide education on better/best practices
 JCl's Measurement Strategy

• Accreditation is continuous
• Accreditation status publicly disclosed
• Complements existing standards requirements
• International comparisons
• Meets needs of multiple stakeholders
• Develop and identify measures that address clinical and managerial dimensions
• Need for and rigor of data validation
• Measurement system supported by IT platform
• JCI currently has 20 performance measurement requirements
J.C.I STANDARD
SECTION1- Patient standard centric

INTERNATIONAL PATIENT SAFETY GOALS-

• Identify patient correctly
• Improve effective patient communication
• Improve the safety of high alert medication
• Ensure correct side, correct procedure, correct patient surgery.
• Reduce the risk of healthcare- associated infections

ACCESS TO CARE AND CONTINUITY OF CARE (ACC)

• Admission to the organization
• Continuity of care
• Discharge, referral, and follow-up
• Transfer of patient
• Transportation
PATIENT AND FAMILY RIGHTS-
• Patient are protected from physical assault.
• Patients information is confidential.
• The organization informs patients and families about how to gain access to clinical research, clinical
investigation, or clinical trials involving human subjects.
ASSESSMENT OF PATIENTS (AOP)-
• Each patient’s initial assessment includes an evaluation of physical, psychological, social, and economic factors, including
a physical examination and health history.
• Assessment findings are documented in the patient’s record and readily available to those responsible for the patient’s
care.
• All patient are reassessed at intervals based on their condition and treatment to determine their response to treatment or
discharge.
• Radiology and diagnostic imaging services.

CARE OF PATIENT (COP)-

• Food and nutrition therapy- a variety of food choices, appropriate for the patient’s nutrition status and consistent with his
or her clinical care.
• Pain management- patient are supported in managing pain effectively.
• End-of-life care- care of the dying patient optimizes his or her comfort and dignity.
• Care delivery for all patients- patient with the same health problems and care need have a right to receive the same quality
of care throughout the organization
ANESTHESIA AND SURGICAL CARE
• Anaesthesia and surgical care are documented in pts records.
• Each patient’s surgical care is planned and documented based on the results of the assessment.
• Anaesthesia services are available to meet patients needs

MEDICATION MANAGEMENT AND USE

• An appropriately licensed pharmacist, technician, or other trained professional supervises the pharmacy or
pharmaceutical service.
• An appropriate selection of medications for prescribing or ordering is stocked or readily available.
• Medications are properly and safely stored.

PATIENT AND FAMILY EDUCATION (PFE)

• The organization provides education that supports patient and family participation in care decision and care
process
• Education and training help meet patient’s ongoing health needs.
 SECTION2- Organization based
HEALTHCARE ORGANIZATION MANAGEMENT STANDARDS
Quality Improvement and patient safety
• Design of clinical and managerial processes
• Data collection for quality measurement.
• Analysis of measurement data
Prevention and control of infections
• The organization design and implements a comprehensive program to reduce the risk of health care associated
infections in patients and healthcare workers.
• The organization provides barrier precaution and isolation procedure that protect patients, visitors, and staff
from communication diseases.
• Gloves, mask, eye protection , other protective equipment soap, and disinfectants are available and used
correctly when required.

GOVERNANCE,LEADERSHIP AND DIRECTION

• Governance responsibilities and accountabilities are described in bylaws, policies and procedure or similar
documents that guide how they are to be carried out.
• A senior manager or director is responsible for operating the organization.
• One or more qualified individual provide direction for each department or service in the organization.
FACILITY MANAGEMENT AND SAFETY-
• The organization complies with relevant laws, regulation and facility inspection requirements.
• The organization plans and implements a program to provide a safe and secure physical environment.
• The organization has a plan for the inventory, handling, storage and the use of hazardous material and control
and disposal of hazardous materials and waste.

STAFF QUALIFICATION AND EDUCATION

• Organization leaders define the desired education, skill, knowledge, and other requirements of all staff member.
• All clinical and non clinical staff members are oriented to the organization, the department or unit to which they are
assigned and to their responsibilities at appointment to the staff.

MANAGEMENT OF COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION

• Communication with the community.
• Communication with patient and families.
• Communication between practitioners within and outside of the organization
• Patient clinical record.