Ail 0 3822 - 07 obtained at different gage lengths is greater than * 3 percent, break additional specimens until the variation in average breaking tenacity among groups does not exceed * 3 percent. A2.25 Calculate the average apparent elongation at break jn denominate units, for each nominal gage length, Plot the apparent elongation versus the nominal gage length (for ‘example see Fig. A2.1). Draw a straight line (Note Note A2.4) through the plotted points to the nominal gage length axis, point C, and extrapolate to zero elongation (BC, Fig. A2.1) ‘The distance between the intersection of this line and zero nominal gage length, along the gage length axis (CD), repre- sents the average clamp error. Nom: A24—The prefered procedure for drawing the line is by means ‘of the least squares method, although in many cases visual inspection is adequate. A23- Calculate the Effective Gage Length as follows: Effective Gage Length aan (clamp ero length + nominal gage length) APPENDIXES (Nonmandatory Information) XI INI X11 In the case of a fiber exhibiting a region that obeys Hooke’s law (Fig. X1.1), a continuation ofthe linear region of the etocr strain cures in constrvctod through the aoro etree axis. This interscetion point B isthe zero extension point from ‘hich strain is measured. X1.L.1. The initial modulus can be determined by dividing the stress at any point along the line BD (or its extension) by the strain atthe same point (measured from point B, defined as zero-strain). Point , the point where line BD first touches the stress-strain curve is the tangent point. STRESS TAL MODULUS, ‘X1.2_In the case of a fiber that does not exhibit any linear region (Fig. X1.2), a tangent K'B is constructed to the maximum slope and ite extension intersacting the 2oro strase axis at point B’, This intersection point B’ is the zero point from which strain is measured. Point C’, the point where Tine K’B’ first touches the stress-strain curve, is the tangent point. X1.2.1 The initial modulus may be determined by dividing the stress at any point along line B'K’ (or its extension) by the strain at the same point (measured from point B', defined as zero-strain). STRESS “e STRAIN . FIG. X1.2 Example of Material with No Hookean Region 1X2. CHORD MODULUS “8 sTRAIN . FIG. X1.1. Example of Material with Hookean Region X2.1 Ina typical stress-strain curve (Fig. X2.1), a straight line is constructed through the zero-stress axis, such as zero strain point A” and a second point, such as 10 % strain, pot 'M", The intersection point A" is the zero strain point from which the specimen strain is measured. X2.1.1 The chord modulus may be calculated by dividing the stress at any point along line A’M" (or its extension) by the specimen stress at the same point (measured from point A’, defined as zero strain). X2.1.2 Fig. X2.1 also represents a straight line constructed through any two specified points, point Q” and point R’, other than zer0 and 10 % strain. In this case, the line extends through the zero stress axis at point B", This intersection is the zero strain point from which specimen strain is measured. The ‘chord modulus can be determined by dividing the stress at any point along the Q’R” (or its extension) by the specimen strain at the same point (measured from point B", defined as zero strain).STRAIN FIG. x21 o STRESS e Example of Construction for Chord Modulus. ASTM iematonal ‘ake no poston respecting the valtyofany patent rights asserted ncomnecton with any tm mentioned in tis stand. User of Pi tadard are expressly advised tat determination fhe van of any such palo hs, and be Sk ‘finnngement of such phis, are analyte own respons ‘Thi standard is utect to rvson a any tne by tho reponsi etna commie ad must be reviewed every Bve years and \Ynotrovse, ene reapproved or ian. You comments riled eer revs os standard ofr ana stands ‘and should be actossed fo ASTM Intomatonal Headquarters. our common wl recov caret consideration af amet othe ‘esponeile tecnica commie, which you may attend If you fe tal your commants have Nol fecalved afar hearing you shou ‘make your wows known to tne ASTM Commitee 0 Stadars, lhe adres shown Dalow. ‘Thi standard is copyightod by ASTM ntomationa, 100 Bar Harbor Driv, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2350, LUntod Sats. dvd! reprint fino or maple copes) of Ps sandard may be obtained by crtacing ASTM a he above ‘aueress 0” at 6108529505 (phone), 6108320555 (lax, o sernco@asim ory (oral; OF tough tno ASTM wobsto (me asin rg 0