DATABASE APPLICATIONS TECHNOLOGIES

(COMP1556)

CHEONG YIK LIANG

SCPG2100215

001236429

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Table of Contents
1. Conceptual Data Model......................................................................................................... 3
2. Physical Data Model .............................................................................................................. 4
3. Assumptions and Business Constraints ................................................................................ 5
4. SQL script (Create tables and insert data into tables) ......................................................... 6
4.1 Create Table .................................................................................................................... 6
4.2 Insert data into table ..................................................................................................... 10
5. SQL Queries (List B)........................................................................................................... 16
6. Evaluation............................................................................................................................ 18

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1. Conceptual Data Model

Diagram 1: Conceptual Data Model

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2. Physical Data Model

Diagram 2: Physical Data Model

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3. Assumptions and Business Constraints

Assumptions:

1. A human may live in several ages. For example, Homo sapiens may live in iron age and
bronze age.
2. An age must at least be lived by one human. For example, Stone Age was lived by Homo
habilis.
3. A human may use several technologies. For example, Homo sapiens may use iron
implements and fire.
4. A district must at least be stayed by one human. For example, A district name Jordan
Valley was stayed by Homo ergaster.
5. A technology must at least used by one human. For example, bronze implement was used
by Homo ergaster.

Business Constraints:

1. The time period of age must between 1000 to 450000.

2. The duration for human stay in an age must between 0 to 450000.

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4. SQL script
4.1 Create table
Create Human table

Create Technology table

Create District table

Create Age table

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Create Use table

Create Contain table

Create Stay table

Create Exist table

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Create Live table

Create Have table

Create Homo sapiens table

Create Homo ergaster table

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Create Homo habilis table

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4.2 Insert data into table
Insert into Human table

Insert into Age table

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Insert into Technology table

Insert into District table

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Insert into Use table

Insert into Live table

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Insert into Contain table

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Insert into Stay table

Insert into Have table

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Insert into Exist table

Insert into Homo sapiens table

Insert into Homo ergaster table

Insert into Homo habilis table

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5. SQL Queries (List B)
B1.

B2.

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B3.

B4.

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6. Evaluation

My name is Cheong Yik Liang, I had been assigned to do List B while Kai Ze assigned to do List
A. Kai Ze and me are paired to design and build of a database structure application for a database
system. We have to make reasonable assumptions where information is not available.

First, we need to create a conceptual data model which provide in-depth coverage of business
concepts and are primarily developed for business audiences. It was never a solution model and
was inherently technology and application neutral. In other words, from a data perspective, a
conceptual data model is a business model. The business uses the conceptual data model for
validation and correction. After that, we came up with a physical data model which mainly defines
all relational data models and objects of the database. It is created using the native database
language of the database management system (DBMS), and we have to make reasonable
assumptions and business constraints.

Next, we have our SQL script by creating tables and insert respective data into the tables, and there
we have our database ready. Since we have our database ready, we care able to conduct SQL
queries from database to access the data we want to meet the assignment criteria.

There are some ways to improve and optimize SQL query performance. Start from defining
requirements, when trying to find specific data, the appropriate query must be used, and the first
step in finding the right query is deciding what data to retrieve. You should clearly define your
needs before writing queries, enabling you to receive only the information you need, potentially
reducing runtime and optimizing SQL queries. Next up, filtering data will reduce table size and
optimize the runtime of SQL queries which also reduce table size.

The lesson that I learnt from this assignment are importance of teamwork and time management.
Working with others can help to interpret and understand better from different perspective as well
as find out various solutions to solve problems. Besides, time management play an importance role
in this project as we need to allocate time wisely to complete this assignment on time. In order to
work more efficiently and effectively, we also set reminders for ourselves to know our datelines.

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