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INDEX
1. Introduction
2. Arithmetic progression
3. Summation of n terms of an A.P.
4. Properties of A.P.
5. Arithmetic mean
6. Geometrical progression
7. Summation of n terms of A.G.P.
8. Properties of GP
9. Geometrical mean
10. Harmonical progression
11. Harmonical mean
12. Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean & Harmonic mean of 'n' numbers
13. Properties related with Arithmetic mean, Geometric mean & Harmonic mean
14. Arithmetic geometric progression
15. Special sequences
st
1 LECTURE
1. INTRODUCTION :
Sequence : A succession of terms which may be algebraic, real or complex numbers, written according to
definite rule is called sequence.
e.g. (i) sequence of prime numbers 2, 3, 5, 7, 11,.....
(ii) –1, 1, –1, 1,..........
Progression : Special case of sequence in which it is possible to express n th
term mathematically.
e.g. T n = {n 3 – 1} 0, 7, 26..........
n 1 2 3 4 5
T n = 2 , , , , ......
n 1 2 5 10 17 26
Series : If we put sign of addition or subtraction between the terms of sequence, then it is called as series.
1 2 3 4 5
e.g. 2 + 3 + 5 + 7 + 11 + ....., 0 + 7 + 26 .........., ...... , 1 – 3 + 9 – 27........
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
2 5 10 17 26
T n denotes the n th term of any sequence.
S n denotes the summation of n terms of any series.
T1 T2 T3 T4 .................T n 1T n
S n 1
Sn
A.P. G.P. H.P. A.G.P. Miscellaneous
E 1
MATHEMATICS
2. ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION :
If each and every term except the I st term bears the constant difference with its immediately preceeding term
then the sequence is called A.P. i.e. difference between two consecutive terms is constant (common difference).
Tn 1 Tn d n 1
If 'a' is the first term and 'd' is the common difference, then the standard appearance of an A.P. is
a, (a + d), (a + 2d), ......... (a (n 1)d)
and n or last term is given by
th
Tn = a + (n – 1)d
summation of first term and last term. 17
Tk Tn k 1 constant a 17
n
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
S n [2a (n 1)d]
2
Alternate : a a+d a+2d
a+
a+
a+
n n
If number of terms are n, then there are pairs, hence its summation is S = (a + ), where
2 n
2
(last term) [a n 1d]
Note : If S n = an 2 + bn, then series so formed is an A.P.
Asking : S = 100 2 – 99 2 + 98 2 – 97 2 + 96 2 – 95 2 + ....... + 2 2
– 1 2 = 5050.
2 E
MATHEMATICS
Examples :
E(1) The first term of an A.P. is 5, the last is 45 and the sum 400. Find the number of terms and the common
2
difference. [ Ans. n = 16, d = 2 ]
3
E(2) If sum of first 2n terms of the A.P. 2, 5, 8,........ is equal to sum of first n terms of A.P. 57, 59, 61,.....,
then value of n [ Ans. 11]
1 1 1
E(3) In an A.P. if T m = and Tn , then show that S mn (mn +1)
n m 2
1 2
E(4) How many terms of the series, 20 + 19 18 ........ must be taken so that sum is 300. Explain the
3 3
reason of double answer. [ Ans. n = 25 & 36]
E(5) The sum of n terms of two A.P.'s are in the ratio of 7n + 1 : 4n + 27. Find the ratio of their 11 th
d f = interval × d i
b1 b2
E 3
MATHEMATICS
Examples :
E(1) The sum of first 3 terms of an A.P. is 27 and the sum of their squares is 293. Find first term and common
difference of A.P. [ Ans. a = 9, d = ±5]
E(2) If a, b, c are in A.P. then prove that
(a) b + c ; c + a; a + b are also in A.P.
(b) (b + c)2 – a 2 ; (c + a) 2 – b 2 ; (a + b) 2 – c 2 are also in A.P.
E(3) Find four numbers in A.P. whose sum is 50 & in which the greatest number is four times the least.
[Ans. 5, 10, 15, 20]
D(4) If a , b , c are in A.P. then prove that
2 2 2
1 1 1 a b c
(a) , , are in A.P.. (b) , , are in A.P..
b c c a a b b c c a a b
Home Work : ................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
nd
2 LECTURE
5. ARITHMETIC MEAN :
Definition : When three quantities are in A.P. then the middle one is called the Arithmetic Mean of the other
two.
e.g. a, b, c in A.P. then 'b' is the arithmetic mean between 'a' and 'c' and a + c = 2b. It is to be noted that between
two given quantities it is always possible to insert any number of terms such that the whole series thus formed
shall be an A.P. and the terms thus inserted are called the arithmetic means.
Examples :
E(1) Insert 20 AM's between 4 and 67. [ Ans. 7, 10, 13,.....,64]
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
1
Prove that the arithmetic mean of a , a 2 ,......a n is not less than – .
1
2
4 E
MATHEMATICS
General Examples on A.P. :
7
E(1) (a) If log3 2, log 3 (2x – 5) & log 3 2 x are in A.P. determine x. [ Ans. x = 3]
2
x 1 x 2 1
(b) Solve the equation ........ 3 [Ans. x = 7]
x x x
E(2) (a) Find the condition that the roots of the equation x 3
– px 2 + qx – r = 0 may be in A.P. and hence
solve the equation x – 12x + 39x – 28 = 0.
3 2
[Ans. 2p 3 – 9pq + 27r = 0 (This is the required condition) : roots are 1, 4, 7]
(b) If the first 3 terms of an increasing A.P. are the roots of the cubic 4x 3
– 24x 2 + 23x + 18 = 0, then
n
find S n. [ Ans. (5n 7) ]
4
E(3) If a1 ,a 2 , ......., a n are in A.P. with common difference d 0, then find the sum of the series
sin d[cosec a 1 cosec a 2 + cosec a 2 cosec a 3 + .... + cosec a n – 1 cosec a n]. [Ans. cot a 1 – cot a n]
D(4) If the sum of the roots of the equation ax 2 + bx + c = 0 is equal to the sum of the squares of their
reciprocals, then show that bc 2 , ca 2 , ab 2 are in A.P.
D(5) Prove that 2, 3, 5 can not be the terms of an A.P. (not necessarily adjacent)
6. GEOMETRICAL PROGRESSION :
Definition : G.P. is the collection of non-zero terms in which each term bears the same constant ratio with its
immediately preceding term the series is called a G.P. and the constant ratio is called the common ratio.
Standard appearance of a G.P., where a is first term & r is common ratio is
a, ar, ar 2 , ar 3 , ...... , ar n – 1
n – 1
n th term is Tn = ar
Examples :
1 1
E(1) In a G.P. if T 3 = 2 and T 6 = find T 10 . [Ans. – ]
4 64
E(2) If pth , q th and r th terms of G.P. are x, y and z respectively then prove that x q – r
. y r – p . z p – q = 1.
E(3) Find four numbers forming a geometric progression in which the third term is greater than the first term
by 9, and the second term is greater than the fourth by 18. [ Ans. 3, –6, 12, –24]
E(4) If the first and the n terms of a G.P. are a and b, respectively, and if P is the product of first n terms,
th
prove that P 2 = (ab) n.
7. SUMMATION OF n TERMS OF A G.P. :
S = a + ar + ar 2 + ...... + ar n – 1
Sr = + ar + ar 2 + ...................+ ar n
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
subtract – – –
——————————————————
S(1 – r) = a – ar n = a(1 – r n)
a(1 r n )
if r 1
S= 1 r
na if r 1
Note : Sum of infinite terms of G.P.
If 0 < |r| < 1 and n , then r n 0 and in this case geometric series will be summable upto infinity and
a
its sum is given by S
1 r
E 5
MATHEMATICS
Examples :
E(1) The sum of an infinite number of terms of a G.P. is 15 and the sum of their squares is 45. Find the series.
10 20
[Ans. 5, , ,.......... ]
3 9
E(2) The first term of an infinite geometric progression is x and its sum is 5. Then -
(A) 0 x 10 •(B) 0 x 10 (C) –10 < x < 0 (D) x > 10
E(3) Let , be the roots of x - x + p = 0 and , be the roots of x - 4x + q = 0. If , , , are in
2 2
G.P., then the integer values of p and q respectively, are -
•(A) –2, –32 (B) –2, 3 (C) –6, 3 (D) –6, –32
47
E(4) (a) Use infinite series to compute the rational number corresponding to 0.423 . [Ans. ]
111
999.......9 10
(b) Find the sum S = 9 + 99 + 999 + ....... + n times [ Ans. (10 n 1) n ]
9
3 33 333 3333
(c) ....... [Ans. 19/54]
19 19 2 19 3 19 4
E(5) If S1 , S 2 , S 3 , ....... S p are the sums of infinite G.P. whose first terms are 1, 2, 3, ..... p, and whose
1 1 1 1 p
common ratios are , , ,......., respectively. Prove that S + S 2 + S 3 + ...... S p = (p 3) .
2 3 4 p 1 1
2
E(6) If Sp denotes the sum of the series 1 + r p
+ r 2p + ...... as inf., and s p
the sum of the series
1 – r p + r 2p – ....... ad inf., prove that S p
+ s p = 2S 2p .
8. PROPERTIES OF GP :
(i) In an G.P. product of k th
term from beginning and 1 3 9 27 81 243
kth term from the last is always constant which equal
243
to product of first term and last term.
243
Tk . Tn k 1 constant a.
243
(ii) Three numbers in G.P. : a/r, a, ar
Five numbers in G.P. : a/r 2 , a/r, a, ar, ar 2
(vi) In a positive G.P. every term (except first) is equal to square root of product of its two terms which are
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
equidistant from it.
i.e. T r = Tr k Tr k , k r
(vii) If a 1 , a 2 , a 3 .....a n is a G.P. of non zero, non negative terms, then log a 1 , log a 2 ,.....log a n
is an A.P.
and vice-versa.
Home Work : ................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
6 E
MATHEMATICS
rd
3 LECTURE
Examples :
E(1) (a) The sum of first 3 consecutive terms of a G.P. is 19 and their product is 216. Find S n
, also compute
n
3 n 2
S if it exist. [Ans. In 1 st case S n = 8 1 ; In 2 nd case S n = 27 1
2
3
1 st case S does not exist ; in 2 nd case S = 27]
(b) If a1 , a 2 , a 3 ......... are in G.P. such that a 1
+ a 2 + a 3 = 13 and a 12 a 22 a 23 91 . Find a and r..
[Ans. a = 1, r = 3 or r=1/3, a = 9]
E(2) Find the four successive terms of a G.P. of which the 2 nd
term is smaller than the first by 35 and the 3 rd
9. GEOMETRICAL MEAN :
Definition : If a, b, c are three positive number in G.P., then b is called the geometrical mean between a and
c and b 2 = ac. If a and b are two +ve real and G is the G.M. between them, then G ab .
Note : If a, b, c are in G.P. then b 2 = ac.
Insertion of 'n' GM's between a and b :
a, G 1 , G 2 , G 3 ,........, G n, b G.P.
1
b n 1
b = ar n + 1
r =
a
n
b n 1
G n = a.
a
Note : Product of all the 'n' geometric means inserted between two number a & b is n th
power of single
geometric mean between a & b.
n n
G
k 1
k ab
Examples :
E(1) Insert 4 GM's between 5 and 160. [ Ans. 10, 20, 40, 80]
E(2) If AM between a and b is 15 and GM between a and b is 9. Find the number. [ Ans. 3, 27]
a n bn
E(3) If is the G.M. between a and b (a b), then find the value of n. [ Ans. 1/2]
a n 1 bn 1
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
a n n 2 4
E(4) If sum of two positive numbers a, b, where a > b is n times their GM then show that
b n n 2 4
1 1 2
D(5) If a, b, c are in G.P. and x, y are respectively the AM's between a, b and b, c, then prove that
x y b
a c
and 2.
x y
Home Work : ................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
E 7
MATHEMATICS
th
4 LECTURE
10. HARMONICAL PROGRESSION (H.P.) :
Definition : A non zero sequence is said to be in H.P. if the reciprocals of its terms are in A.P.
1 1 1
e.g. if a 1 , a 2 , a 3 ,........ are in H.P., then , , ..... are in A.P..
a1 a 2 a 3
1 1 1 1
A standard H.P. is .......
a a d a 2d a (n 1)d
Asking :
(i) Reciprocal of every A.P. is H.P. [ Ans. False]
(ii) Reciprocal of every H.P. is A.P. [ Ans. True]
Note :
(i) There is no general formula for finding the sum to n terms of H.P.
1 1 1
(ii) If a, b, c are in H.P. , , are in A.P..
a b c
2 1 1 2ac
b =
b a c a c
1 1 1 1 a b b c a a b
or i.e. i.e.
b a c b ab bc c b c
Examples :
mn
E(1) (a) The m th term of a H.P. is n and the n th
term is m. Prove that the p th
term is .
P
mn
(b) If mth term of an H.P. is n, and n th
term is equal to m then prove that (m + n) th
term is .
m n
1 1 3
E(2) If the 3 rd, 6 th and last term of a H.P. are , , , find the number of terms. [ Ans. 100]
3 5 203
E(3) If a1 , a 2 , a 3 ,..... a n are in H.P., then prove that a 1 a 2 + a 2 a 3 + a 3 a 4 + ..... + a n – 1 . a n = (n – 1)a 1 a n.
q r r p p q
E(4) if the p th , q th and r th terms of a H.P. are a, b, c respectively, prove that 0.
a b c
8 E
MATHEMATICS
Examples :
1 1 1 1
E(1) If 'b' is the harmonic mean between a and c, prove that .
b a b c a c
E(2) If b, a, c are in A.P.; c, b, a are in G.P., then prove that a, c, b are in H.P. .
a n bn
E(3) If is the H.M. between a and b (a b), then find the value of n. [ Ans. 0]
a n 1 bn 1
a x a y a z
E(4) If and p, q, r are in A.P., then prove that x, y, z are in H.P..
px qy rz
E(5) If a,b,c,d R + and a,b,c,d are in H.P., then prove that b + c > a + d
p r a c
E(6) If a, b, c are in A.P. p, q, r are in H.P. and ap, bq, cr are in G.P., then prove that
r p c a
D(7) If a2 , b 2 , c 2 are in A.P. show that b + c, c + a, a + b are in H.P.
12. ARITHMETIC MEAN, GEOMETRIC MEAN & HARMONIC MEAN OF 'n' NUMBERS :
(a) Arithimetic mean of n numbers :
Given any n numbers a 1
, a 2 , a 3 ,........., a n, then its arithemetic mean (A n
) is defined by
n
a
k 1
k
a 1 a 2 a 3 .......a
An An = n
n n
(b) Geometric mean of n numbers :
Given any n positive real numbers a 1
, a 2 , a 3 , ........ a n, then its geometric mean (G n
) is defined by
1
n n 1
G n a k G n a 1.a 2.a 3.........a n n
k 1
(c) Harmonic mean of n numbers :
Given any n positive real numbers a 1
, a 2 , a 3 , ........ a n, then its harmonic mean (H n
) is defined by
n n
Hn
n
1 1 1 1 1
a .....
k 1 k a1 a 2 a 3 an
(d) Root mean square of n numbers, (R.M.S.)
a12 a 22 ...... a 2n
Given any n real numbers a 1
, a 2, a 3 , ........ a n, then root mean square is defined by
n
13. PROPERTIES RELATED WITH ARITHMETIC MEAN, GEOMETRIC MEAN & HARMONIC MEAN :
(a) Applicable only for two positive numbers :
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
If a and b are two positive numbers & A, G, H are its A.M., G.M., H.M. respectively, then
A, G, H are in G.P. G 2 = AH
(b) If a1 , a 2 , a 3 ......... a n are 'n' positive numbers are in G.P. and A n, G n, H n are its A.M., G.M., H.M.
respectively, then
R.M.S. A n G n H n
Note : Moreover equality holds at either place if and only if a 1
= a 2 =......= a n
E 9
MATHEMATICS
Cauchy-Schwarz Inequality :
If a1 , a 2 , ......, a n and b 1 , b 2 , ......, b n are any real numbers such that
(a1 b1 + a 2 b2 + ..... + a
b )2 < a12 a22 ...... a 2n b12 b22 ..... b2n
n n
a1 a 2 a
Equality holds iff ...... n
b1 b2 bn
Examples :
E(1) (a) Prove that if a, b, c > 0, then a 2 (b + c) + b 2 (c + a) + c 2 (a + b) 6 abc.
(b) If a > 0 prove that (a 3 + a 2 + a + 1) 2 16a 3 .
E(2) (a) If x > 0, y > 0, z > 0, then prove that (x + y)(y + z)(z + x) 8xyz.
(b) Show that if a,b,c,d be four positive unequal quantities and s = a + b + c + d, then (s – a) (s – b)
(s – c) (s – d) > 81 abcd.
1 1
E(3) (a) If x, y, z > 0 and x + y + z = 1, prove that : (i) x 2 yz 2 2 2
(ii) x y z
64 3
3 10.2 4
(b) If a + b + c = 3 and a, b, c are +ve, then prove that a 2 b 3 c2 . Find values of a, b, c where
77
6 9
a 2 b 3 c2 attains its maximum value. [ Ans. a = =c, b = ]
7 7
(c) Let x, y, z are positive numbers such that x + y + z = 12, then minimum value of x 2
+ y 2 + z 2 is
[Ans. 48]
E(4) If a, b, c are sides for scalene triangle, prove that ab + bc + ca < a 2
+ b 2 + c 2 < 2(ab + bc + ca).
E(5) If ai < 0 for all i = 1,2,........, n prove that
1 1 1
(i) a 1 a 2 ..... a n ..... n . 2
1a a 2 a n
(ii) (1 – a1 + a 1 ) (1 – a 2 + a 2 ).......(1 – a n + a n2 ) > 3 n (a1 a 2 ......a n) (where n is even).
2 2
E(6) Let x, y, z are positive numbers such that 3x + 4y + 6z = 12, then minimum value of x 2
+ y 2 + z 2 is
144
[Ans. ]
61
n
E(7) (i) If n is a positive integer, prove that {(n + 1)!} 1/(n+1)
< 1 + (n!)1 / n
n 1
n n 1
1 1
(ii) If n is a positive integer, show that 1 1 .
n n 1
n 1
1 na
(iii) For every positive real number a 1 and for every positive integer n prove that a n.
1 n
a b
a b
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
S nr = ar + (a + d)r 2
+ (a + 2d)r 3 + ........ + (a + (n – 2)d)r n – 1
+ (a + (n – 1)d)r n
– – – – – – –
————————————————————————————————————————
S n (1 – r) = a + dr + dr 2
+ dr 3 ............ dr n – 1
– (a + (n – 1)d)r n
a – (a (n – 1)d)r n dr(1 r n 1 )
S n = + r 1
1 r (1 r)2
a dr
S 0 <|r|< 1
1 r (1 r)2
Note : Above formulas are applicable if portion of G.P. in the first term is unity.
Examples :
E(1) If |x| < 1, then compute S
:
1
(a) 1 + 2x + 3x 2 + 4x 3 + .............. [ Ans. ]
(1 x)2
1
(b) 1 + 3x + 6x 2 + 10x 3 + ............ [ Ans. ]
(1 x)3
44 1
E(2) (a) If the sum to the infinity of the series 3 + 5r + 7r 2
+ ........ is , then find r.. [ Ans. ]
9 4
1 1 44
3 (3 d) (3 2d) 2 ....... is , then find d.
4 4 9
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
E(4) Find the sum to n terms and also S ,
4 7 10 35 12n 7 35
(a) 1 ......... [Ans. S n ; S ]
5 52 5 3 16 16.5 n 1
16
3 5 7 9 3 n 2
(b) +........... [ Ans. S n 2 3 n ]
5 15 45 135 5
E 11
MATHEMATICS
15. SPECIAL SEQUENCES :
n n n n n n
(a) (a r b r ) a r b r (b) k a r k a r (c) k nk ; where k is a constant.
r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1 r 1
2 3
TYPE-1 : Sequence dealing with n : n ; n
n
n(n 1)
(a) r
2
(sum of the first n natural numbers)
r 1
n
n(n 1)(2n 1)
(b) r2
6
(sum of the squares of the first n natural numbers)
r 1
2
n
n 2 (n 1) 2 n
(c) r3 4
r (sum of the cubes of the first n natural numbers)
r 1 r 1
n
2
(d) (2r 1) n (sum of first n odd natural numbers)
r 1
n
(e) 2r n(n 1) (sum of first n even natural numbers)
r 1
For proof :
* Consider the identity k 3 – (k – 1) 3 = 3k 2 – 3k + 1
** Consider the identity k 4 – (k – 1) 4 = 4k 3 – 6k 2 + 4k – 1
n
Note : If rth term of sequence is T r , then the sum of n terms of sequence is given by S n Tr
r 1
Examples :
24 24
E(1) Find value of 25r r2 [Ans. 2600]
r 1 r 1
10
E(2) Find value of n 2 (n 1) [Ans. 2640]
n 1
j
n i
n(n 1)(n 2)
E(3) 1
i 1 j 1 k 1
[Ans.
6
]
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
n
E(4) Find the value(s) of the positive integer n for which the quadratic equation, (x k 1)(x k)
k 1
10n has
T r = a(CR) r + a polynomial of degree (k – 1) in 'n'
e.g. (1) 1, 3, 7, 15 ......
Ist order difference d 1 : 2, 4, 8...
T r = a(2) r + b
(2) 1 2 5 12 27
I order difference d 1 : 1, 3, 7, 15
st
IIst order difference d 2 = 2,4,8
T r = a(2 r) + bn + c
Examples :
n(n 1)(2n 13)
E(1) 6 + 13 + 22 + 33 + ........... n terms [ Ans. n]
6
n(n 1)(2n 7)
E(2) 3 + 8 + 15 + 24 + ......... up to n terms [ Ans. ]
6
1 n
E(3) 5 + 7 + 13 + 31 + 85 + ....... up to n terms [ Ans. 4n + (3 1) ]
2
1 n 1
E(4) 2 + 5 + 14 + 41 + 122 + ........ up to n terms. [ Ans. (3 2n 3)]
4
1 1 1 1 1 1 3 n (2n 1) 1
E(5) 1 + 1 1 2 ..... 1 2 ..... n 1 [Ans. ]
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
3 3 3 3 3 3 4.3 n 1
[Not to be taught]
For I / II difference A.P.. The general formula of n th
term is
(n 1) (n 1)(n 2)
Tn a d1 d 2 ..........
1! 2!
a = I term of original sequence
d1 = I term of I difference sequence
d2 = I term of II difference sequence
For I / II difference A.P.. The general formula of summation of n term is
an n(n 1) n(n 1)(n 2)
Sn d1 d2 ..........
1! 2! 3!
E 13
MATHEMATICS
a = I term of original sequence
d1 = I term of I difference sequence
d2 = I term of II difference sequence
1 1 1 1
E(1) Find S n and S for ...... [Ans. S n
=1 , S =1]
1.2 2.3 3.4 n 1
n n
1
E(2) Sum the series to n terms and to infinity : 4r2 [Ans. ]
r 1 1 (2n 1)
1 1 1
E(1) Find S n and S for ........
1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6
1 1 1
[Ans. S n ; S ]
18 3(n 1)(n 2)(n 3) 18
1 1 1
E(2) Find S n and S for ........ [ Ans. S n 1 1
, S
1
]
1 3 5 3 5 7 5 7 9 12 4(2n 1)(2n 3) 12
3 4 5 2n n n
E(3) ......... [Ans. ]
1 2 4 2 3 5 3 4 6 3(n 1) 12(n 2) 18(n 3)
1 2 3 4 1 1
D(4) ....... [Ans. 1 1 3 5......(2n 1) ]
1 3 1 3 5 1 3 5 7 1 3 5 7 9 2
1 1 3 1 3 5 1 1 3......(2n 1)
D(5) Find S n and S for ........ [Ans. ]
2 4 2 4 6 2 4 6 8 2 2 4.....(2n 2)
TYPE-4 :
Here is a series in which each terms is composed of r factor in A.P., the first factor of the several terms being in
the same A.P.
Examples :
n(n 1)(n 2)
E(1) 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.4 + ............ upto n terms [ Ans. ]
3
n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)
E(2) 1.2.3 + 2.3.4 + 3.4.5 + ............ upto n terms [ Ans. ]
4
D:\DATA\TARGET-2012\TEACHING NOTES\SEQUENCE & PROGRESSION
n
E(3) 1.5.9+2.6.10+3.7.11+..... up to n terms [ Ans. (n 1)(n 8)(n 9) ]
4
1
E(4) 1 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 3 4 5 6 .........
up to n terms [ Ans. [n(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)(n 4)]]
5
14 E